DE102008017691B4 - Process for carving out objects from plate-shaped starting material - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for working out objects (12) from plate-shaped starting material (2) with the steps:
- Providing several sections (1) of the starting material (2) with the same dimensions;
- arranging the plurality of sections (1) of the starting material (2) flat on top of one another to form a package (6) in which the at least one main surface of the at least one section (1) is adjacent to a main surface of another section (1);
- Clamping the package (6) on a workpiece support (8);
- machining the tensioned package (6) to carve out the objects (12) from the stock material (2), each section (1) of the stock material (2) resulting in a respective one of a plurality of objects (12) of the same dimensions; and
- Stabilizing the relative arrangement of the sections (1) of the starting material (2) in the area of the objects (12) of the same dimensions currently being machined from the pack (6), characterized in that the stabilizing step consists in temporarily connecting together cut edges ( 17) of the objects (12) being worked out, the objects (12) being connected to one another by a connecting means which is introduced into the cutting channel (13) via at least a partial section of the incision channel that is created around the objects (12) to be worked out.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for working out, in particular, small-scale objects from a plate-shaped starting material by means of a machining process, having the features of the preambles of patent claims 1 and 3.

The basic problem with such methods is to stretch the panel-shaped starting material, i. H. defined relative to a cutting tool that is moved along the desired contour of the objects to be machined to position.

The plate-shaped starting material can be metal and/or plastic sheets or plates. In particular, it can be a single-layer starting material or a multi-layer starting material in which several layers of different materials are combined to form a permanent bond. The objects machined from the plate-shaped starting material have the same layer structure as the starting material.

STATE OF THE ART

A method for chip-removing working out of small-scale objects from plate-shaped starting material is from DE 40 30 113 A1 known, here the plate-shaped starting material is arranged on a limited air-permeable web material, which is arranged on a clamping plate provided with suction holes. By suction through these suction holes, a negative pressure is generated on the underside of the plate-shaped starting material, which clamps the starting material on the clamping plate. This negative pressure does not collapse due to the throttling effect of the limited air-permeable web material and the suction holes in the clamping plate, even if cutting channels are created around the objects through the machining of small-sized objects, which reach up to or even into the limited air-permeable material.

However, the method described above is not readily suitable for processing multi-layer packages of the sheet-like starting material because the negative pressure formed in the region of the web material with limited air permeability acts only on the respective bottom layer of such packages and reliably tensions only this.

From the DE 101 52 401 A1 discloses a method for working out small objects from plate-shaped starting material, in which the starting material is pressed against a support surface with a holding-down ring running around the cutting tool. The hold-down ring is supported on a chip extraction housing, which is moved with the tool in relation to a support plate for the plate-shaped starting material. This known method is also not readily suitable for processing multi-layer packages of the starting material, especially since the hold-down ring is not provided there as the sole measure for clamping the plate-shaped starting material support surface.

From the DE 103 57 268 B3 a method for working out small objects from plate-shaped starting material is known, which is a further development of the DE 40 30 113 A1 known procedure. For additional stabilization of the position of the released small-sized objects, the limited air-permeable web material is made of a thermoplastic material, which melts due to the increase in heat caused by the tool on the cut surface of the respective small-sized object. The melted thermoplastic material is intended to bond a burr left over from the machining on the cut surface for fixing the small-scale objects to the web material, which is only air-permeable to a limited extent.

For the processing of multi-layer packages made of plate-shaped starting material in order to produce a plurality of objects from them, each corresponding to a layer of the starting material, it is known to pin or screw the layers of the package to one another. Packages of this type are usually only processed on their outer circumference and are not used for working out small objects from the plate-shaped starting material.

Conventional mechanical clamping of plate-shaped starting material on a support surface with mechanical clamping elements that act on the edge of the starting material is also unsuitable for processing multi-layer packages from the plate-shaped starting material in order to carve out small-scale objects from them. At the moment when the cutting channel closes around the small objects, they are completely free of the clamping forces at the edge of the starting material and are thus unintentionally accelerated by the tool attacking them, which leads to damage to the tool, the rest of the device and in particular can lead to a devaluation of the worked out small objects. In other words, a controlled working out of small-scale objects from plate-shaped starting material is not possible under these boundary conditions.

From the DE 102 46 082 A1 discloses a method for working out small-scale objects from plate-shaped starting material, in which a multi-layer package made from the starting material is clamped onto a workpiece support by means of an air cushion on the upper side of the package. The air bag is built up on the underside of a chip evacuation housing that extends around a chip removing tool. The air cushion is correspondingly moved with the cutting tool in relation to the multi-layer package made from the plate-shaped starting material. It turns out, however, that the measures of this known method alone cannot sufficiently stabilize small-scale objects that are released.

Adhesives are known to increase the static friction during the assembly of components, for example in the form of so-called assembly spray. These adhesives are not adhesives that chemically bind to the surface of the components, but only adhere to this surface. At the one from the DE 40 30 113 A1 known methods, adhesives are used, for example, in order to fix the web-like starting material on the clamping plate provided with the suction holes.

From the EP 1 344 617 A1 a method is known with the features of the preamble of independent patent claims 1 and 3, in which a relative arrangement of sections of a plate-shaped starting material arranged flat one above the other in the area of objects of the same dimensions, which are currently being machined from the sections of the starting material, is stabilized in that a hold-down device with pressure rollers is arranged around the machining tool and moves with it.

A method with the features of the preamble of independent patent claims 1 and 3 is known from D2, in which sections of a plate-shaped starting material arranged flat one on top of the other are glued together using a thermoplastic bonding agent in order to stabilize the relative arrangement of the sections of the starting material in the area of objects of the same dimensions , which are currently being worked out from the sections of source material.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention is based on the object of demonstrating a method for working out objects from plate-shaped starting material, which is suitable for working out several small-sized objects of the same dimensions from multi-layer packages of the plate-shaped starting material without the risk of damage, in particular to the worked-out small-sized objects themselves.

SOLUTION

The object of the invention is achieved by methods having the features of independent claims 1 and 3. Preferred embodiments of the new method are defined in the dependent claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the first step of the new method for working out objects from plate-shaped starting material, several sections of the starting material with the same dimensions are provided. The fact that the sections have the same dimensions does not mean that they have to have exactly the same dimensions. Approximately the same dimensions are sufficient.

As a distinctive feature, all embodiments of the new method have the step of stabilizing the relative arrangement of the sections of the starting material in the area of objects of the same dimensions, which are currently being cut out of the pack. It is in this area that objects become free and the risk of damage is greatest. A stabilization of the relative arrangement of the sections of the starting material in this area eliminates this danger in a targeted manner. However, there is no contradiction with the new method if the relative arrangement of the sections of the starting material is also stabilized in other areas in the same or in a different way.

In particular, the new method is suitable for working out small objects that are worked out of the starting material on all sides and that have dimensions of less than one fifth, preferably less than one tenth and more preferably in at least one direction, preferably in all directions, in their main plane of extension less than one twentieth of the dimensions of the portions of the starting material. So we're talking about objects that are much smaller than the sections of the source material and from according to which a large number are carved out of each section of source material.

As already mentioned, the plate-shaped starting material in a method according to the invention can consist of metal, in particular light metal, or plastic, in particular hard plastic, and multi-layer composite materials can also be used.

In the new method, it is preferred if at least one main surface of at least one section of the starting material is subjected to a pretreatment that increases static friction. Upon subsequent arranging of the multiple sections of starting material flat on top of each other to form a package, this pretreated major surface of the at least one section abuts a major surface of another of the sections. When the package is then clamped onto a workpiece support, the static friction-increasing pretreatment ensures an increase in static friction between the at least one main surface of the at least one section and the adjacent main surface of the other section, regardless of the type of clamping. Thus, a clamping force applied to one of the sections helps to securely fix both sections. This also applies to objects of the same dimensions, which are currently being worked out from the package.

It is very particularly preferred in the new method if at least one of each pair in the package of sections of the starting material of adjacent main surfaces is subjected to the adhesion-increasing pretreatment. The entire package is thereby stabilized by the adhesion-increasing pretreatment, and a tensioning force can be introduced across or even just an outer surface of the package and still fix the entire package.

In the case of the pre-treatment to increase static friction, the procedure can be such that the respective main surface is subjected to this pre-treatment evenly. However, it is also possible to focus on areas from which the objects are worked out. This means that the pre-treatment can be concentrated on the areas where high static friction between the individual layers of the package is particularly important.

In principle, various measures are possible to increase the static friction between the individual sections of the plate-shaped starting material in the package. In particular, this involves electrostatic charging, application of a powdery or liquid adhesive and application of an intermediate adhesive layer. A liquid adhesive can be what is known as an assembly spray. An adhesive intermediate layer can also be an adhesive film known as such.

In order to automate the method according to the invention, the respective adhesive can be applied to the respective main surface by machine. It is particularly preferred if the adhesive is applied to the main surface with a machine tool, with which the packet of sections of the plate-shaped starting material is then machined. For example, powdered or liquid adhesive can be electrosprayed onto the major surface.

In a particularly preferred specific embodiment of the new method, the pretreatment that increases static friction includes the application of a liquid adhesive and the placement of an intermediate layer of absorbent material on the respective main surface, with the liquid adhesive also being applied to the adjacent main surface of the next section in the package or to the main surface facing it Surface of the intermediate layer is applied. The liquid adhesive is thus on the one hand mechanically stabilized by the intermediate layer of absorbent material and on the other hand can be removed particularly easily from the small objects with the intermediate layer after the small objects have been worked out of the plate-shaped starting material. The intermediate layer can, for example, be a paper, for example a filter paper or fleece.

It is preferred if the respective adhesive is adhesive, i. H. adheres to the respective main surface without entering into permanent chemical bonds.

It is also preferred if the liquid adhesive is as viscous as possible during machining of the package, i. H. is highly viscous. Such viscosity generally prevents the adhesive from being applied sparingly to the main surface to be treated. Accordingly, during application of the adhesive, it is preferred if it is less viscous. The different viscosities of the adhesive can be achieved, for example, by a solvent that evaporates after application or by a temperature reduction of the adhesive that takes place after or during application. For example, the adhesive may be a viscous oil that is heated to reduce its viscosity prior to application to the major surface.

An intermediate adhesive layer that can be used advantageously in the method according to the invention can have a double-sided adhesive and/or self-adhesive film or a double-sided adhesive and/or self-adhesive paper. As already indicated, such materials are basically known and available.

In order to stabilize the relative arrangement of the sections of the starting material according to the invention, especially in the area of objects of the same dimensions that are currently being machined from the package, a clamping force with which the package is pressed together against the workpiece support during machining can be at least one opposite during machining have the package shifting force application point, so that the clamping force is always optimally concentrated in relation to the application point of the workpiece on the package of the sections of the plate-shaped starting material. This includes the fact that the point of application of the force with the tool that is used to machine the package is shifted in at least one axis relative to the package.

In concrete terms, the point of application of force can be formed in a non-contact manner by a compressed gas cushion and/or by a rolling body or by a sliding body. Of course, several rolling or sliding bodies can also be provided. Thus, the clamping force can be applied by two mutually opposite sides of the machining tool about parallel to the main extension plane of the package and mutually running axes of rotation rotatably mounted pressure rollers. The tool correspondingly engages in a free space between the pressure rollers in the stack of the sections of the sheet-like starting material.

The aim of stabilizing the relative arrangement of the sections of the starting material precisely in the area of objects of the same dimensions, which are currently being cut out of the package, is pursued in the method according to claim 1 by a step of temporarily connecting the cut edges of the objects being cut out. This temporary connection of the cutting edges to one another is realized by a connecting means which is introduced into this cutting channel via at least a partial section of a cutting channel created around the objects to be worked out. This bonding agent can be a chemical agent adhering to the cut edges of the objects. The attachment can be adhesive in the sense explained above, but it can also be chemical, since the connection between the layers of the plate-shaped starting material in the area of the cut edges of the objects takes place only locally.

The stabilization of the relative arrangement of the sections of the starting material in the area of the objects of the same dimensions, which are currently being worked out of the package, is brought about in the method according to claim 3 by filling at least a partial section of the cutting channel around the objects being worked out with a filling material. This filling material can be chips of the starting material and/or a chemical agent, in particular a wax, which is preferably mixed with chips of the starting material and can later be easily removed by increasing the temperature, or, for example, a foaming chemical agent, with which the incision channel around the objects to be worked out is blocked at least in sections.

Any chemical agent introduced into the incision channel, regardless of whether it only adheres to the cut edges of the objects or blocks the incision channel, can be activated locally when the objects are carved out along at least a section of the incision channel around the objects being machined out. This can be done by varying the process parameters when working out the objects in such a way that a local increase in the temperature of the cut edges of the objects is brought about, which thermally activates the chemical agent. However, the chemical agent can also be radiation-curing, in particular light-curing, and can be locally activated by radiation.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the new method, the objects of the same dimensions are automatically detached from one another by chemical and/or physical, in particular thermal and/or acoustic, treatment after they have been worked out of the multi-layer package of the plate-shaped starting material. Within the scope of this step, the objects can also be cleaned of any means that are used in the method according to the invention for increasing static friction.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a package of a plurality of sections of sheet stock material adhered to one another, wherein at least one of each pair of adjacent major surfaces of the stock material in the package is pretreated to increase stiction.

Advantageous developments of the invention result from the patent claims, the description and the drawings. The one in the The advantages of features and combinations of several features mentioned in the introduction to the description are merely exemplary and can have an effect alternatively or cumulatively without the advantages necessarily having to be achieved by embodiments according to the invention. Additional features can be found in the drawings--in particular the illustrated geometries and the relative dimensions of several components to one another, as well as their relative arrangement and operative connection. The combination of features of different embodiments of the invention or of features of different patent claims is also possible, deviating from the selected dependencies of the patent claims and is hereby suggested. This also applies to those features that are shown in separate drawings or are mentioned in their description. These features can also be combined with features of different patent claims. Likewise, features listed in the patent claims can be omitted for further embodiments of the invention.

character list

• 1 zeigt das Aufbringen eines flüssigen Haftmittels auf einen Abschnitt eines plattenförmigen Ausgangsmaterials.
• 2 zeigt das Auflegen einer Zwischenlage auf den gemäß 1 mit dem Haftmittel beschichteten Abschnitt.
• 3 zeigt das Aufsprühen weiteren Haftmittels auf die Zwischenlage auf dem Abschnitt gemäß 2.
• 4 zeigt die Anordnung eines weiteren Abschnitts des plattenförmigen Ausgangsmaterials auf der besprühten Zwischenlage gemäß 3.
• 5 zeigt das spanabnehmende Bearbeiten eines auf eine Werkstückauflage gespannten Pakets aus mehreren der Abschnitte gemäß den 1 bis 4, wobei zwischen jeweils zwei aneinander anliegenden Abschnitten eine Zwischenlage gemäß den 2 bis 4 angeordnet ist.
• 6 zeigt ein spezielles Aufbringen der Spannkraft beim spanabnehmenden Bearbeiten eines Pakets aus den Abschnitten des plattenförmigen Ausgangsmaterials in einer Seitenansicht.
• 7 zeigt die Anordnung gemäß 6 in einer Ansicht von oben.
• 8 zeigt ein abschnittsweises Verblocken eines Schnittkanals beim spanabnehmenden Herausarbeiten kleinteiliger Objekte aus einem Paket des plattenförmigen Ausgangsmaterials.
• 9 zeigt das abschnittweise Verkleben der Schnittkanten der Lagen des Pakets beim spanabnehmenden Herausarbeiten von kleinteiligen Objekten; und
• 10 zeigt eine Seitenansicht der gemäß 9 herausgearbeiteten kleinteiligen Objekte mit bereichsweise verbundenen Schnittflächen.

The invention is explained and described in more detail below using specific exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

• 1 shows the application of a liquid adhesive to a portion of a sheet stock material.
• 2 shows the placing of an intermediate layer on the according to 1 portion coated with the adhesive.
• 3 shows the spraying of further adhesive onto the interlayer on the section according to FIG 2 .
• 4 shows the arrangement of a further section of the sheet-like starting material on the sprayed intermediate layer according to FIG 3 .
• 5 shows the machining of a clamped on a workpiece support package from several of the sections according to the 1 until 4 , Wherein between two abutting sections an intermediate layer according to the 2 until 4 is arranged.
• 6 shows a special application of the clamping force during the machining of a package of the sections of the plate-shaped starting material in a side view.
• 7 shows the arrangement according to 6 in a view from above.
• 8th shows a blocking of sections of a cutting channel during the machining of small-scale objects from a package of the plate-shaped starting material.
• 9 shows the partial gluing of the cut edges of the layers of the package during the machining of small objects; and
• 10 shows a side view of FIG 9 worked out small-scale objects with partially connected cut surfaces.

FIGURE DESCRIPTION

1 outlines a section 1 of a plate-shaped starting material 2. Section 1 is not shown in full. Depending on the size of the machine tool used to implement the method according to the invention, it can have different dimensions from a few decimeters to a few meters. The thickness of the sheet-like starting material is typically in the range of a few tenths of a millimeter to a few millimeters. 1 outlines how a liquid adhesive 3 is sprayed onto the main surface of section 1 lying at the top here.

In a next, in 2 outlined step, an intermediate layer 4 made of an absorbent material, here a filter paper 5, is placed on the section 1 coated with the adhesive 3 . The intermediate layer 4 absorbs excess adhesive 3. However, the section 1 is also wetted with the adhesive 3 under the intermediate layer 4 .

In the following step according to 3 the intermediate layer 4 is sprayed with further adhesive 3 which is partially absorbed into the intermediate layer 4.

4 shows how to the pursuant 3 with the adhesive 3 sprayed intermediate layer 4 another section 1 from the plate-shaped starting material 2 is placed. Both of the abutting major surfaces of the pair of sections 1 thus formed are pretreated with the adhesive 3 mechanically reinforced by the intermediate layer 4 .

If analogous to those in the 1 until 4 outlined steps a package 6 is formed from a plurality of sections 1 of the plate-shaped starting material 2, this package is 6 according 5 can be clamped onto a workpiece support 8 with a clamping force 7 without the risk of parallel displacement of the individual sections 1 against one another. The static friction between the sections 1 is significantly increased by the pretreatment of their main surfaces. A corresponding pre-treatment can also be applied to the lowermost surface of the package 6 and the one opposite it lowing surface of the workpiece support 8 may be provided. Thus, the entire package 6 can be machined with a cutting tool 11, which is moved relative to the workpiece support 8, in order, for example, to carve out small objects from the package 6, with each layer of the package 6 corresponding to one of several small objects of the same dimensions.

For clamping the package 6 according to 5 Suction bores or suction channels can be provided in the workpiece support in order to form a negative pressure between the workpiece support 8 and the lowest section 1 of the package 6 . The package 6 is then additionally to be acted upon with a clamping force 7 from its free side against the workpiece support 8 . 6 and 7 outline a pair of pressure rollers 9, which are provided for this purpose and which are rotatably mounted on both sides of the tool 11 about axes of rotation 10 running parallel to the main extension plane of the package 6 and parallel to one another. In the horizontal direction parallel to the plane of the drawing 6 or in the drawing plane according to 7 the pressure rollers 9 are moved with the tool 11 relative to the package 6. The tool 11 moves in the horizontal direction along the axes 10 and in particular also perpendicularly to the package 6 independently of the pressure rollers 9.

8th outlines the working out of small objects 12, which have the shape of a cross here, from the package 6. The tool 11 cuts a cutting channel 13 free around the objects 12. This cutting channel 13 is blocked locally with a foam 14 to fix the small objects 12 in relation to the rest of the package 6 and to each other. The foam 14 is based on a foaming chemical agent 15 and may contain chips of the starting material 2 removed from the tool 11 .

According to 9 small-scale objects 12 are also worked out of the package 6. Here, however, the small objects are only fixed to one another and not to the rest of the package 6 by spraying a light-curing chemical agent 16 locally onto the cut edges 17 of the objects 12 and curing it with light 18 .

10 shows the small objects 12 in the package 6 fixed by the hardened chemical agent 16.

Reference List

1

section

2

starting material

3

adhesive

4

liner

5

filter paper

6

package

7

resilience

8th

workpiece support

9

pressure roller

10

axis of rotation

11

Tool

12

object

13

cutting channel

14

foam

15

chemical agent

16

chemical agent

17

cutting edge

18

light

Claims (15)

Method for working out objects (12) from plate-shaped starting material (2), comprising the steps: - providing a plurality of sections (1) of the starting material (2) with the same dimensions; - arranging the plurality of sections (1) of the starting material (2) flat on top of one another to form a package (6) in which the at least one main surface of the at least one section (1) is adjacent to a main surface of another section (1); - Clamping the package (6) on a workpiece support (8); - machining the tensioned package (6) to carve out the objects (12) from the stock material (2), each section (1) of the stock material (2) resulting in a respective one of a plurality of objects (12) of the same dimensions; and - stabilizing the relative arrangement of the sections (1) of the starting material (2) in the area of the objects (12) of the same dimensions which are currently being machined from the pack (6), characterized in that the stabilizing step comprises temporarily connecting cut edges to one another (17) of the objects (12) being worked out, the objects (12) being connected to one another by a connecting means which is introduced into the cutting channel (13) via at least a partial section of the incision channel that is produced around the objects (12) to be worked out. procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that the connecting means chemical agent (15, 16) adhering to the cut edges (17) of the objects (12). Method for working out objects (12) from plate-shaped starting material (2), comprising the steps: - providing a plurality of sections (1) of the starting material (2) with the same dimensions; - arranging the plurality of sections (1) of the starting material (2) flat on top of one another to form a package (6) in which the at least one main surface of the at least one section (1) is adjacent to a main surface of another section (1); - Clamping the package (6) on a workpiece support (8); - machining the tensioned package (6) to carve out the objects (12) from the stock material (2), each section (1) of the stock material (2) resulting in a respective one of a plurality of objects (12) of the same dimensions; and - Stabilizing the relative arrangement of the sections (1) of the starting material (2) in the area of the objects (12) of the same dimensions that are currently being worked out of the package (6), characterized in that the step of stabilizing involves filling in at least a partial section of a around the objects (12) to be worked out in the incision channel (13) with a filling material. procedure after claim 3 , characterized in that the filling material comprises chips of the starting material (2) and/or a chemical agent, in particular a wax or a foaming chemical agent (15). Procedure according to one of claims 2 and 4 , characterized in that the chemical agent (16) is locally activated when the objects (12) are worked out along at least a section of the incision channel (13) that is produced around the objects (12) being worked out. procedure after claim 5 , characterized in that the process parameters when cutting out the objects (12) along at least a section of the cutting channel (13) occurring around the objects (12) being cut out are varied in such a way that a local increase in the temperature of the cut edges (17) of the objects (12) which activates the chemical agent. procedure after claim 6 , characterized in that the chemical agent (16) is radiation-curing, in particular light-curing, and is locally activated by irradiation. Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , characterized in that the objects (12) of the same dimensions are automatically separated from one another by a chemical and/or physical, in particular thermal and/or acoustic treatment. Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that the objects (12) comprise small-scale objects (12) which are worked out of the starting material (2) on all sides and which in at least one direction, preferably in all directions in their main plane of extent, have dimensions of less than one fifth, preferably of less than tenths and more preferably less than one twentieth of the dimensions of the portions (1) of the starting material (2). Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that the plate-shaped rising material (2) consists of metal, in particular light metal, or plastic, in particular hard plastic. Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 10 , characterized in that at least one of each pair of adjacent surfaces in the package (6) is subjected to a stiction-increasing pretreatment. procedure after claim 11 , characterized in that the respective surface of the static friction-increasing pre-treatment is subjected uniformly or with a focus on the areas from which the objects (12) are worked out. Procedure according to one of Claims 11 and 12 , characterized in that the static friction-increasing pretreatment has at least one measure from the group consisting of: - electrostatic charging; - Application of a powdered adhesive; - Application of a liquid adhesive (3); - Application of an adhesive intermediate layer. Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 13 , characterized in that the step of stabilizing includes the compression of the package (6) during the machining with a clamping force (7) against the workpiece support (8), wherein the clamping force (7) at least one during the machining during the chip removal compared to the package ( 6) has shifting force application point. procedure after Claim 14 , characterized in that the point of force application with a tool (11) that cuts the package (6) relative to the package (6).

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