DE102008000449B4 - Differential gear of a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Differential gear of a motor vehicle, comprising a ring gear (8), a differential housing (4), bevel gears (5) and axle bevel gears (7), wherein the ring gear (8) has two abutment surfaces (8a, 8b), wherein the ring gear (8) Compensating and the Achskegelräder (5, 7) and the differential housing (4) are designed as equal parts of a basic module for a modular system, wherein the basic module with different additional modules of a differential lock can be combined characterized in that a second additional module as a switchable, frictional lock, in particular The second additional module comprises a third plate set (14) which can be supported on the second contact surface (8b) of the ring gear (8), or in that a third additional module can be operated as a switchable, positive lock, in particular as a claw lock ( 15) is formed, wherein the third additional module has a first coupling half (15 a), which on the second contact surface (8b) of the ring gear (8) can be flanged.

Description

The invention relates to a differential gear according to the preamble of claim 1.

Differential gear, also called differential gear, serve to compensate for different rotational speeds of the wheels of a driven axle. It is known to provide differential gear with a differential lock to improve the traction of the vehicle in a slipping wheel. Self-locking differential gear, automatic locking differential gear and differential gear with switchable lock, z. B. by means of a dog clutch or claw lock.

By the DE 199 29 070 A1 The applicant has been known a differential gear, which shows two forms of differential locks. The known differential gear essentially comprises the following components: a differential housing, also called differential cage, axle bevel gears, pinion gears and a ring gear, which is driven by a drive pinion on the motor side. Other differential gears of the prior art are from the WO 99/04 118 A1 , from the DE 38 08 066 A1 and from the DE 39 35 115 A1 previously known. The pinion gears are mounted in the differential housing and rotate with the ring gear, which is connected to the differential housing. In a first embodiment, the differential gear, also referred to below as a differential, is equipped with a hydraulically switchable disk lock, the one side of the disk pack resting against a first contact surface of the ring gear. The differential lock can thus be actuated externally if necessary, wherein the ring gear and the differential housing are positively coupled to an output shaft. In a second embodiment, a self-locking differential is disclosed which has two disc packs within the differential housing. The Sperreffekt occurs at an increased differential speed between the two axle shafts. The differential bevel gears exert an axial thrust via the toothing on the axle bevel gears, so that the disk packs are compressed and thus transmit a friction torque from the axle housing to the axle shafts. One of the two disk packs rests against a second contact surface of the ring gear. The ring gear can thus be used both for a self-lock and for a foreign-operated slat lock.

By the DE 10 2005 037 559 A1 the Applicant was a switchable differential lock known, which is designed as a dog clutch. One half of the dog clutch is attached to the ring gear of the differential gear, while the other half of the dog clutch is formed as a sliding sleeve and is hydraulically actuated by a piston. When locked, the ring gear is positively connected by the dog clutch with a drive shaft.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a series of differential gears of the type mentioned for several functions, in particular with different differential locks, wherein the transmission should be produced as economically as possible.

The object of the invention is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

According to the invention, a modular system is provided, which is composed of a uniform basic module and a series of additional modules which can be combined individually or even several times with the basic module. The basic module comprises essentially four components, each of which is designed as a common part and form the trunk or basic transmission. The four components include the ring gear, the bevel gears, the bevel gears and the differential housing. Thus, the advantage is achieved that the base module used in each case is the same for all possible combinations and has the same parts. This results in an economical production due to increased quantities of the same parts. It is also advantageous that the basic module can be pre-assembled as a unit, as well as the relevant additional modules - this shortens the time for the final assembly.

According to a preferred embodiment, a first additional module is designed as a self-lock, d. H. preferably in the form of two disc packs arranged in the differential housing. One of the two lamellae pacts can on the inside of the ring gear, d. H. abut on the second contact surface.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a second additional module is designed as an externally or externally operable disk lock, which can be preferably operated by means of a pressure medium via a piston. Advantageously, the disk lock on a disk pack, which is supported on the first contact surface of the ring gear. The second module further comprises a lid which receives the disk pack and is connected to the ring gear.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a third module is provided, which is designed as a switchable positive lock, in particular as a jaw lock. Advantageously the third module on a first coupling half, which is flanged to the second contact surface of the ring gear.

This results in a number of possible combinations of the basic module on the one hand with an additional module or with two additional modules on the other. For example, the self-lock can be combined with an externally actuated louver lock or with a jaw lock. On the other hand, it is also possible to combine the externally operable locks with the base module without a self-lock.

• 1 ein selbst sperrendes Differenzialgetriebe mit schaltbarer Lamellensperre,
• 2 ein offenes Differenzialgetriebe mit schaltbarer Klauensperre und
• 3 ein selbst sperrendes Differenzial.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail below. Show it

• 1 a self-locking differential gearbox with switchable louver lock,
• 2 an open differential gear with switchable claw lock and
• 3 a self-locking differential.

1 shows a differential gear 1 , also called differential or shortly differential, for a motor vehicle with two drive shafts 2 . 3 which drive wheels not shown. The differential 1 has the following from the aforementioned DE 199 29 070 A1 known components: a differential housing 4 , also called differential cage, bevel gears 5 with compensation bolt 6 , Axle bevel gears 7 , which with the drive shafts 2 . 3 are connected, and a ring gear 8th , which with the differential housing 4 connected is. The differential 1 is designed as a self-locking differential or short as a self-locking differential and therefore has two disc packs, a first disc pack 9 and a second disc pack 10 on, which at a first contact surface 8a of the ring gear 8th is applied. The effect of the self-locking differential with the two disk packs 9 . 10 is known. The locking effect occurs at higher differential speeds between the two drive shafts 2 . 3 by squeezing the disk packs 9 . 10 one. The ring gear 8th , which of a prime mover of the motor vehicle via a drive pinion 11 is driven - as in the aforementioned DE 199 29 070 A1 the applicant described - designed such that there are two contact surfaces, a first contact surface 8a and a second contact surface 8b , having. The differential 1 also has a hydraulically actuated slat lock 12 on, as it is known from the aforementioned document of the applicant. On the ring gear 8th and at the differential housing 4 is a lid 13 attached, which is a third disc pack 14 receives, which is located on the second contact surface 8b of the ring gear 8th supported. The mode of action of the lamellar barrier 12 need not be explained here, as they are from the beginning DE 199 29 070 A1 , which is fully incorporated into the disclosure of this application, is known.

According to the invention, the differential gear 1 built according to a modular system, which consists of a basic module with identical parts and various additional modules. The basic module consists of the actual differential gear and includes the following components: Compensating housing 4 , Bevel gears 5 , Axle bevel gears 7 and crown wheel 8th , These components are designed as identical parts, ie the basic module is the same for all applications. This basic module can be combined with various additional modules, the additional modules each as different differential locks, z. B. switchable or self-acting locks are formed. In the embodiment described above 1 Two additional modules are combined with the basic module. The first additional module is designed as a self-lock and thus includes the two disk packs 9 , 10, which in the axle housing 4 be used in prepared areas. The second additional module comprises the lamella lock 12 , ie a switchable differential lock, which can be used in addition to the self-lock. Due to the switchable slat lock 12 a high locking torque can be achieved, regardless of the drive torque, while this is not possible with the self-lock. In that sense, this combination makes sense. The second additional module includes next to the third disc pack 14 the lid 13 and a hydraulic actuator (without reference). The slat lock 12 can also by another pressure medium, eg. As compressed air or electric, are operated. The basic module is so far adapted to the second additional module, as the ring gear 8th a second (outer) contact surface 8b has, at which the disc pack 14 supported.

The contact surfaces 8a and 8b can also be located on a disc, which together with the ring gear 8th between the differential housing 4 and each of the components 13 . 15a and 18 is clamped.

The thickness of the disc is slightly less than the thickness of the ring gear flange.

2 shows a further combination possibility of the basic module with a third additional module, which is designed as a hydraulically actuated jaw lock 15. The basic module is here with the reference number 16 denotes and comprises the same main components as in the previous embodiment, namely the differential housing 4 , the pinion gears 5 , the axle bevel gears 7 as well as the ring gear 8th with the two contact surfaces 8a . 8b , In contrast to the embodiment according to 1 are in 2 in the basic module 16 no disc packs 9 . 10 provided, ie the base module 16 has no self-acting lock, the differential is open. The claw barrier 15 Corresponds essentially to the embodiment, which in the aforementioned DE 10 2005 037 559 A1 , the disclosure of which is fully incorporated in the present application, is shown. Structure and function of the dog clutch 15 are therefore only briefly indicated. The claw clutch 15 has a first coupling half 15a on which to the ring gear 8th flanged, and a second coupling half 15b , which is positively connected to a drive shaft of the vehicle, not shown. Both coupling halves 15a . 15b are positively coupled by frontal claws (no reference number), so that the ring gear 8th is rotatably connected to a drive shaft. The differential according to 2 thus has only one lock, namely the foreign switchable claw lock 15 on. Of course, the dog clutch can also be operated pneumatically or mechanically or electrically by a shift fork.

3 shows a self-locking differential 17 , which in turn consists of the basic module with differential housing 4 , Bevel gears 5 , Axle bevel gears 7 and crown wheel 8th consists. In the differential housing 4 is as in the embodiment according to 1 - The first additional module, comprising the disk packs 9 . 10 , assembled. On the ring gear 8th is a bearing flange 18 attached, over which the locking differential 17 is mounted in an axle housing (no reference number).

The exemplary embodiments explained above show only three of a total of six possible combinations, which result from the uniform basic module and the three additional modules.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

differential gear

2

drive shaft

3

drive shaft

4

Compensation equal housing

5

Compensation equal bevel gears

6

cross pin

7

bevel gears

8th

crown

8a

first contact surface

8b

second contact surface

9

first plate pack

10

second disc pack

11

pinion

12

disc lock

13

cover

14

third disc pack

15

Claw Lock (Claw Clutch)

15a

first coupling half

15b

second coupling half

16

basic module

17

Limited slip differential

18

Lagerflansch

Claims (5)

Differential gear of a motor vehicle, comprising a ring gear (8), a differential housing (4), bevel gears (5) and axle bevel gears (7), wherein the ring gear (8) has two abutment surfaces (8a, 8b), wherein the ring gear (8) Compensating and the Achskegelräder (5, 7) and the differential housing (4) are designed as equal parts of a basic module for a modular system, wherein the basic module with different additional modules of a differential lock can be combined characterized in that a second additional module as a switchable, frictional lock, in particular The second additional module comprises a third plate set (14) which can be supported on the second contact surface (8b) of the ring gear (8), or in that a third additional module can be operated as a switchable, positive lock, in particular as a claw lock ( 15) is formed, wherein the third additional module has a first coupling half (15 a), which on di e second contact surface (8b) of the ring gear (8) can be flanged. Differential gearbox after Claim 1 , characterized in that a first additional module is designed as a self-lock. Differential gearbox after Claim 2 , characterized in that the first additional module comprises a first and a second plate set (9, 10) which in the differential housing (4) on both sides of the axle bevel gears (7) can be mounted. Differential gearbox after Claim 3 , characterized in that the second set of plates (10) on the first bearing surface (8a) of the ring gear (8) can be supported. Differential gear according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second additional module comprises a cover (13) which receives the third disc pack (14) and on the second abutment surface (8b) of the ring gear (8) can be flanged.

Images