DE102007059541A1 - Heat exchanger such as plate-, straight-tube- or coiled heat exchanger for indirectly exchanging the heat between natural gas and heating- or cooling fluid, has passages for gaseous or liquid fluids, bundles of tubes, and container shell - Google Patents

Abstract

The heat exchanger such as plate heat exchanger, straight-tube heat exchanger or coiled heat exchanger for indirectly exchanging the heat between natural gas and heating fluid or cooling fluid, comprises passages for gaseous or liquid fluids, bundles of tubes, which are coiled around a core tube in concentric layers of tubes, and a container shell, which limits an outer space around the tube. The passage has flow resistance present at the lower and/or upper ends in the interior of the passage. The flow resistance is a mechanical component, which clogs the flow of the gaseous or liquid fluids. The heat exchanger such as plate heat exchanger, straight-tube heat exchanger or coiled heat exchanger for indirectly exchanging the heat between natural gas and heating fluid or cooling fluid, comprises passages for gaseous or liquid fluids, bundles of tubes, which are coiled around a core tube in concentric layers of tubes, and a container shell, which limits an outer space around the tube. The passage has flow resistance present at the lower and/or upper ends in the interior of the passage. The flow resistance is a mechanical component, which clogs the flow of the gaseous or liquid fluids flowing in the passage. The tube has a flow resistance present at the lower and/or upper ends in the interior of the tube and at the tube inlet and/or tube outlet. The tubes of the outer, the middle and/or the inner tube layers have the flow resistance at the lower and/or the upper tube ends.

Description

The The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a plate heat exchanger, Straight tube heat exchanger, tube bundle heat exchanger or wound heat exchanger, with passages for at least two gaseous and / or liquid fluids. The invention is based on the example of a wound heat exchanger is described in the natural gas liquefaction, but is in principle applicable for any heat exchanger, where fluids flow against gravity.

In LNG baseload facilities will be natural gas in large quantities continuously liquefied. The liquefaction of the natural gas takes place usually by heat exchange with a brine in wound heat exchangers. But there are also many other applications of wound heat exchangers known.

at a wound heat exchanger are several layers of Tubes helically wound on a core tube. A Such tube winding forms a tube bundle. A wrapped one Heat exchanger contains at least one tube bundle. But it can also have two or more tube bundles. By the interior of at least part of the tubes becomes a first medium passed, which in heat exchange with a second, flowing in the space between the pipes and a surrounding mantle Medium occurs. The tubes are above and / or below the tube bundle brought together in several groups and pooled via collectors (Header) led out of the outer space.

• – Hausen/Linde, Tieftemperaturtechnik, 2. Aufl. 1985, S. 471–475
• – W. Scholz, "Gewickelte Rohrwärmeaustauscher", Linde-Berichte aus Technik und Wissenschaft, Nr. 33 (1973), S. 34–39
• – Kreis, "Gewickelte Wärmeaustauscher" in Hess, Apparate-Handbuch: Technik, Bau, Anwendung, 1990, S. 262–264
• – W. Bach, "Offshore-Erdgasverflüssigung mit Stickstoffkälte – Prozessauslegung und Vergleich von Gewickelten Rohr- und Plattenwärmetauschern", Linde-Berichte aus Technik und Wissenschaft, Nr. 64 (1990), S. 31–37
• – W. Förg et al., "Ein neuer LNG Baseload Prozess und die Herstellung der Hauptwärmeaustauscher, Linde-Berichte aus Technik und Wissenschaft", Nr. 78 (1999), S. 3–11 (englische Fassung: W. Förg et al., "A New LNG Baseload Process and Manufacturing of the Main Heat Exchanger", Linde Reports an Science and Technology, Nr. 61 (1999), S. 3–11 )
• – DE 1501519 A
• – DE 1912341
• – DE 19517114 A
• – DE 19707475 A

Such wound heat exchangers and their application, for example to natural gas liquefaction, are described in each of the following publications:

• - Hausen / Linde, Tiefftemperaturtechnik, 2nd ed. 1985, p. 471-475
• - W. Scholz, "Wounded Tube Heat Exchangers", Linde Reports from Technology and Science, No. 33 (1973), pp. 34-39
• - Kreis, "Wound Heat Exchangers" in Hess, Apparatus Manual: Engineering, Construction, Application, 1990, pp. 262-264
• - W. Bach, "Offshore Natural Gas Liquefaction with Nitrogen Refrigeration - Process Design and Comparison of Coiled Pipe and Plate Heat Exchangers", Linde Reports from Engineering and Science, No. 64 (1990), pp. 31-37
• - W. Förg et al., "A New LNG Baseload Process and the Production of the Main Heat Exchangers, Linde Reports from Engineering and Science", No. 78 (1999), pp. 3-11 (English version: W. Förg et al., "A New LNG Baseload Process and Manufacturing of the Main Heat Exchanger", Linde Reports to Science and Technology, No. 61 (1999), pp. 3-11 )
• - DE 1501519 A
• - DE 1912341
• - DE 19517114 A
• - DE 19707475 A

Become such plants is used for natural gas liquefaction the natural gas to be cooled and liquefied in the pipe interior in the indirect heat exchange with a Refrigerant, which flows through the jacket space. In general, such heat exchangers become vertical aligned, wherein the cooled and liquefied Natural gas flows from bottom to top in the raw interior and the Refrigerant as evenly as possible is distributed from above in the mantle room. By the indirect heat exchange takes the temperature of the natural gas thus over the height of the heat exchanger from bottom to top, while to the same extent the temperature of the refrigerant increases in the mantle space from top to bottom. By irregularities in the distribution of the medium on the individual tubes or at the distribution of the refrigerant in the jacket space or local Material or manufacturing differences can, however also additional local differences in the temperature profile form between individual pipes or pipe layers.

by virtue of the gravitation results for the flowing inside the pipe Fluid is a difference of the gravitational pressure between the lower end of the tube and the top of the tube. After the general The prior art flows while the cooled Natural gas against this pressure difference from bottom to top. The heavy pressure a liquid or gas column is dependent of their respective density. The density itself is again a function the temperature. The higher the temperature in the pipe, the more less the density and thus the pressure of gravity to be overcome. A local difference in temperatures between adjacent pipes is reinforced by it. Due to the higher temperature reduces the pressure to be overcome, causing to cool a larger volume flow Natural gas flows through the pipe at the higher temperature. With this increased amount of natural gas to be cooled and constant amount of refrigerant in the shell space the temperature effect increases.

Of the The present invention is therefore based on the object, a heat exchanger of the type mentioned above in such a way that local temperature imbalances are avoided as possible. In particular, temperature imbalances in heat exchangers, in which fluids flow at least partially against gravity, avoided become.

The This object is achieved in that at least a passage at least one flow resistance inside the passage, wherein a flow resistance mechanical component is the flow of the in the Passage flowing gaseous and / or liquid Fluids inhibits.

the Heavy pressure counteracts the pressure loss due to each fluid the internal friction when flowing through a passage undergoes. Of the The basic idea of the invention is the pressure loss through an increase to increase the flow resistance of the passages. By this increase in the pressure loss through Friction or by deflection will influence the different Heavy pressure at different temperatures minimized. According to the invention therefore at least one passage with at least one flow resistance equipped inside. By the flow resistance the flow of the fluid is inhibited and thus the pressure loss elevated.

Prefers is the flow resistance at the bottom and / or upper end inside the passage. The upper and lower ends The passages are easily accessible and are therefore suitable especially for introducing a flow resistance. This preferred embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable Heat exchangers with existing local temperature imbalances too improve. By the subsequent installation of flow resistance at the bottom and / or top of the relevant passages minimizes temperature differences.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger a tube bundle of a plurality of tubes, which in several concentric tube layers are wound around a core tube, and a container shell having an exterior space bounded around the tubes, wherein at least one tube has a flow resistance having in the tube interior, at the tube inlet and / or tube outlet. Especially Preferably, the flow resistance is at the bottom and / or upper end of the tube. The flow resistance can be introduced and attached inside the tube or as an attachment to the pipe ends at the pipe inlet and / or pipe outlet be attached.

Appropriately Way, several tubes have a layer of a wound heat exchanger a flow resistance at the lower and / or upper tube end on. As it has proven particularly useful a variety of outer, middle tubes and / or inner tube layers with a flow resistance at the lower and / or upper end of the pipe. In individual cases proves to be advantageous all tubes with flow resistance to provide.

Favorable Way is a heat exchanger in the context of the invention for indirect heat exchange between a hydrocarbon-rich stream, preferably natural gas and at least one heat or cold fluid used. The liquefaction, cooling, warming and / or evaporation of the hydrocarbonaceous stream in the indirect Heat exchange can be just as beneficial in a heat exchanger according to the invention carry out.

With In particular, local differences are achieved by the present invention to minimize in the temperature profile of individual tubes.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 1501519 A [0004]
• - DE 1912341 A [0004]
• - DE 19517114 A [0004]
• - DE 19707475 A [0004]

Cited non-patent literature

• - Hausen / Linde, Tiefftemperaturtechnik, 2nd ed. 1985, p. 471-475 [0004]
• - W. Scholz, "Wounded Tube Heat Exchangers", Linde Reports from Technology and Science, No. 33 (1973), pp. 34-39 [0004]
• - Kreis, "Wound Heat Exchangers" in Hess, Apparatus Manual: Engineering, Construction, Application, 1990, pp. 262-264 [0004]
• - W. Bach, "Offshore Natural Gas Liquefaction with Nitrogen Refrigeration - Process Design and Comparison of Coiled Pipe and Plate Heat Exchangers", Linde Reports from Engineering and Science, No. 64 (1990), pp. 31-37 [0004]
• - W. Förg et al., "A New LNG Baseload Process and the Production of Main Heat Exchangers, Linde Reports from Engineering and Science", No. 78 (1999), pp. 3-11 [0004]
• W. Förg et al., "A New LNG Baseload Process and Manufacturing of the Main Heat Exchanger", Linde Reports to Science and Technology, No. 61 (1999), p. 3-11 [0004]

Claims (8)

Heat exchanger, in particular plate heat exchanger, straight tube heat exchanger, tube bundle heat exchanger or wound heat exchanger, with passages for at least two gaseous and / or liquid fluids, characterized in that at least one passage has at least one flow resistance in the interior of the passage, wherein a flow resistance is a mechanical component, which inhibits the flow of the flowing in the passage of gaseous and / or liquid fluid. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that that the flow resistance at the lower and / or upper End is located inside the passage. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the heat exchanger is a tube bundle from a plurality of tubes, which are in several concentric Pipe layers are wound around a core tube, and a container casing having an outer space bounded around the tubes, wherein at least one pipe has a flow resistance inside the pipe, has at the pipe inlet and / or pipe outlet. Heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that that the flow resistance at the lower and / or upper End inside the tube, located at the tube inlet and / or tube outlet. Heat exchanger according to one of the claims 3 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of tubes one layer Flow resistance at the lower and / or upper end of the pipe exhibit. Heat exchanger according to one of the claims 3 to 5, characterized in that a plurality of the tubes of the outer, the middle and / or inner tube layers a flow resistance have at the lower and / or upper end of the pipe. Use of a heat exchanger after one of claims 1 to 6 for indirect heat exchange between a hydrocarbon-rich stream, preferably natural gas, and at least one heating or cooling fluid. Use of a heat exchanger after a of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hydrocarbon-containing stream in the indirect heat exchange liquefied, cooled, warmed and / or is evaporated.