DE102007041066A1 - Method for detecting volatile and flammable substances, involves drying of water-wet textiles in dryer, which is provided with drum for receiving textiles - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves drying water-wet textiles (3,3a) in a dryer (1), which is provided with a drum (2) for receiving the textiles. A transmitting element (11) irradiates the textiles or its surroundings with infrared radiation, where a receiver (12,13) receives the infrared radiation. The walls of the drum are evaluated in presence of volatile and flammable substances. An independent claim is included for a dryer, which comprises a drum for receiving the textiles, a transmitting element and a receiver.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for detecting a volatile, flammable substance in a dryer and this one suitable dryer. In particular, the invention relates to a method for the detection of a volatile, inflammatory substance in a dryer, which electromagnetic radiation in the IR wavelength range used, as well as a suitable dryer.

In a dryer especially for use in an ordinary Household must not be volatile, flammable Advised substances. These are often hydrocarbons such as As cleaning gas, alcohols, etc. Although the use Such substances in the dryer by means of a warning in the Instructions for use prohibited. However, it happens again and again that by imprudence with flammable solvent, in particular Cleaning gas, cleaned textiles or another Reason volatile, easily inflammatory substances containing textiles are added to dry in a dryer.

The Use of an IR sensor to detect type of fabric, level and amount of water in the drum of a washing machine or dryer is known.

The EP 0 816 551 B1 discloses infrared temperature sensing for controlling a dryer, particularly a dryer having a rotary drum for receiving and spinning moist articles to be dried, a heater for heating the articles, a blower unit for passing air over the articles in the drum, and an infrared sensing device which provides a control signal corresponding to the temperature of the articles in the drum. There is also disclosed a method of detecting the completeness of a drying pass in a rotary drum dryer and an infrared sensing device which provides a measurement of the temperature of the articles in the drum.

The EP 1242665 B1 discloses a device for the treatment of textiles with an evaluation circuit for detecting the type of textile and / or the moisture of a piece of laundry.

The Device uses send and receive elements to send or receiving electromagnetic radiation and one with the Receiving element associated evaluation circuit. It is also described a method for detecting properties of a textile piece For example, in a washing machine or a dryer.

The U.S. Patent 5,739,534 describes methods and devices for the detection of liquids, whereby the water level measurement takes place with an IR sensor.

The U.S. Patent 5,396,715 describes a microwave clothes dryer and a method with fire protection, in which registers the temperature within the drum by means of an IR sensor and the operation of the tumble dryer is interrupted upon reaching a predetermined value indicating the burning of laundry.

Drums with IR sensor devices for measuring the temperature in tumble dryers are also made of JP-A-06-126099 . JP-A-07-178293 and JP-A-05-200194 known. The use of an IR turbidity sensor is in the JP-A-06-039189 described.

The US 2002/000495 A1 relates to systems for controlling drying cycles in a drier containing the vapor of a lipophilic liquid, using a gas sensor to determine its concentration.

The EP 0 929 803 B1 describes an optical sensor for the detection of dissolved or dispersed in water chemical substances comprising a sensor element as an optically transparent substrate and a polymer thin film.

Different tissues and volatile, flammable substances can be distinguished by an analysis of each other, as for example from the book "Recognition of Plastics - Qualitative Plastic Analysis with Simple Means" by Dietrich Braun, 1998, 3rd edition , is known. The wavelength range of 1500 nm to 1800 nm is particularly suitable because of the independence of moisture.

task The invention therefore relates to a method for detecting a volatile, inflammatory substance in a dryer as well as a to provide suitable dryer.

object The invention thus provides a method for detecting a volatile, flammable substance in a dryer with a drum for receiving textiles and a transmitting element containing the textiles and / or their surroundings irradiated with IR radiation, wherein a receiving element the reflected from the textiles and / or the walls of the drum and / or the transmitted IR radiation in the range of 600 to 4000 cm-1 receives and in terms of presence of a volatile, inflammatory substance.

The invention is also a Dryer with a drum for receiving textiles and a transmitting element and a receiving element for performing this method.

volatile, inflammatory substances in the context of the invention are z. For example, hydrocarbons such as. alkanes; alkenes; alkynes and aromatics; Alcohols such as ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol; Ethers, such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether; Carboxylic acids like Acetic acid, butyric acid; Esters such as ethyl acetate, Aldehydes such as formaldehyde and ketones such as acetone; as well as amines; nitrites; Nitro compounds; heterocyclic compounds; Sulfur compounds; etc., which at temperatures of 50 ° C and atmospheric pressure at least may be partially in gaseous form.

According to the Invention is electromagnetic radiation in the IR range (wavenumbers from 600 to 4000 cm-1) was used to detect the presence of to detect volatile combustible substances in a dryer. If substances are exposed to a radiation source, the radiation radiates in this wavenumber range, are for the respective substance generates characteristic spectra. these can detected by a suitable analysis and the different substances be assigned. By comparing the recorded spectra can thus the presence of volatile, inflammatory Substances are detected.

transmitting element and receiving element together form an IR sensor. These parts can be arranged more or less apart in the dryer be, for example, so close that they are an IR sensor unit form.

The IR sensor unit (or its components transmitter unit and receiver unit) is preferably arranged so that its field of view a maximum Surface of the existing textiles in the dryer recorded. For example, the IR sensor unit along the axis of rotation of the Drum attached. In such an embodiment Can the IR sensor unit directly on the door of the dryer, through which the textiles are placed in the dryer attached For example, be a part of the door of the dryer replaced by a panel containing the IR sensor. However, it is also possible that the sensor is along attached to other regions of a dryer that has a view into the inside of the drum and the textiles inside enable.

Of the used IR sensor preferably has a high resistance against vibrations and high temperatures.

One Transmission element in the context of the invention is any radiator, the emits electromagnetic radiation in the IR range, so for example an incandescent lamp, halogen lamp, mercury vapor lamp, or laser diode. Particularly suitable are transmitting elements that a narrowband spectrum or IR radiation of one wavelength produce. Suitable are monochromatic or narrow-band transmission elements in conjunction with one or more receiving elements, these being can be broadband provided they only have the bandwidth comprise the radiation emitted by the transmitting element. alternative can broadband transmission elements and associated wavelength-selective Insert reception elements. Instead of wavelength-selective Receive elements can also broadband transmission elements and / or receiving elements are used when either the transmitting elements or associated with the receiving elements narrow-band filter. Preferably a plurality of IR transmitting elements is used, these either different spectra or monochromatic light of different Generate IR wave numbers. Accordingly, the (IR) -Empfangselemente on adapted the transmit elements, these either a certain band within the transmitted radiation emitted by the transmitting element capture, or capture exactly the wavelength that the transmitting element if they are monochromatic IR radiation sources. As a receiving element that can be used in one or more Thus, photodiodes or phototransistors are particularly suitable. If the transmitting element emits IR radiation in several wavenumber ranges, is preferably a plurality of IR-receiving elements, in particular Photodiodes with an upstream filter or grating, or a photodiode array or CCD's ("Charge Coupled Devices"), the radiation absorb and generate corresponding signals, which preferably amplifies and an evaluation circuit are supplied. The received Radiation is preferably selected according to wavenumbers, optionally by means of a filter, a prism or a diffraction grating happens.

In Presence of volatile, flammable substances the radiation emitted by the transmitting element is partly absorbed, on the other hand, however, reflected or transmitted. It is especially the reflected IR light suitable for detection.

by virtue of that of a sent spectrum of those with a fleeting, inflammatory substances wetted textiles reflected Spectra or wavelengths can be applied to the Close the nature of these substances. This also applies to the transmission spectra. The spectra are either over evaluated a specific spectral range or only at certain Frequencies or wavenumbers in the IR range.

At the process according to the invention it is preferred that the IR radiation received in the range of 600 to 4000 cm-1 an evaluation circuit is supplied. The evaluation circuit wins a signal from the received measured values of the IR radiation, preferably the operator visually or acoustically before the presence of volatile, flammable substances. It will in this case preferably based on the evaluation of the received IR radiation information about the type of flammable Substance, for example a hydrocarbon compound such as butane, Pentane or an alcohol such as ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol, provided. Preferably, the evaluation circuit is in this case set that above a certain, preset concentration the optical or acoustic signal is given. According to the invention It is thus preferred that when a certain threshold value is exceeded for the concentration of one or more volatile inflammatory substances an acoustic and or optical Signal is given.

in the Result can then prevent the beginning of a heating program or an already started heating program is ended.

For the method according to the invention is suitable for electromagnetic purposes Radiation with wavenumbers from 600 to 4000 cm-1. Within This wavenumber range can be volatile, flammable Bring substances into molecular vibrations by means of external energy. Depending on their chemical composition absorbed this (usually organic) substance corresponding spectral Components from the irradiating electromagnetic IR radiation or reflects them and / or transmits them. The energy input in the substances are preferably carried out by means of a broadband radiator, For example, a light bulb, a halogen lamp or a light-emitting diode, however, are also suitable other narrow-band radiators.

According to the invention preferably the wavenumber range from 1080 to 1300 cm-1 for the detection of alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids and / or Esters used. Similarly, the wavenumber range becomes from 1350 to 1470 cm-1 and the wavenumber range of 2850 to 2960 cm-1, preferably for the detection of alkanes used. For the detection of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and / or esters is preferred to the wavenumber range of 1690 used until 1760 cm-1.

Send- and receive items can be in different positions within or outside the drum. It is advantageous in a dryer, the receiving element in the ceiling area of the filling opening arranged. Likewise, a transmitting element can also be arranged there, in particular, a for the illumination of the interior of the Drum of the dryer provided lamp is suitable as a transmitting element. If this lamp is a halogen lamp or another broadband Emitter is, it is already suitable as a transmitting element. To eventual Switch off extraneous light influences, that of the transmitting element emitted light modulated in a certain way and that Reflected or emitted light can only be used if it has the same modulation.

Send- and receiving elements are preferably used in conjunction with optical Devices, in particular focusing lenses, optical waveguides and optical and / or electrical arrangements for amplification optical or electrical signals used. Can be advantageous Filters are used to select narrow spectral ranges. As a filter, for example, diffraction gratings are suitable different angles for different IR wave numbers permeable, prisms, holographic filters, grids and the same. Especially suitable are graduated filters those radiated broadband light at different locations is decoupled. Preferably also optical waveguides are used, which allow transmitting and receiving elements at a low level place subjected to mechanical stress within the dryer to arrange and reduce the IR radiation in the area where the textiles are present, decouple via an optical waveguide and / or from this area via an optical waveguide to the receiving element to lead.

The inventive method is in general for the detection of volatile, inflammatory substances before the beginning of a heating program or in an initial phase a heating program carried out in which the temperature is still relatively low.

Indeed the use of optical fibers has the advantage that high temperatures, which are used in the drying of textiles, the optical Elements, such as B. the transmitting and receiving elements and the them do not affect associated optical means, so that no Measures are necessary to prevent temperature fluctuations in the Compensating transmit and / or receive elements. Advantageous to this is also that use cost-effective transmitting and / or receiving elements let the lower temperature stability requirements put. The same advantage also applies to the use of each Transmission and receiving elements associated control or evaluation.

However, in the method according to the invention, it is not excluded that the evaluation scarf tions including the transmitting and receiving elements are arranged directly in the drying area of the textiles.

Preferably the transmitting and receiving elements are inside the dryer accumulating pollution in the form of lint and dusts protected by a stream of air at the transmitting or receiving elements is passed. Within a dryer is suitable for this the process air or an externally supplied Air flow, which flows around the process air, for example in countercurrent process. In this case, preferably purified by a filter ambient air or process air first at the transmitting and receiving elements over and then blown into the drum.

Preferably Also, a protective glass is provided, the transmitting and / or receiving elements opposite shields the interior of the dryer and preferably by the user can be removed for cleaning.

Preferably also finds an automatic adjustment between a transmission signal and a received signal in the absence of textiles to be dried instead, so that errors due to contamination inside the dryer, d. H. especially on a transmitting and receiving elements shielding glass, in the subsequent measurement in the presence of textiles as difference signals can be deducted from the then measured signals. The transmitting and / or receiving elements can be, for example each time the dryer is switched on.

The Textiles, water and volatile, Flammable substances absorb over the whole Irradiated IR range energy from the electromagnetic radiation. The unabsorbed light is reflected and / or transmitted, wherein a portion of this light by means of the receiving element to the Evaluation circuit is transmitted. There is preferably performed a spectral decomposition of the received spectrum, for example by Fourier transform of the spectra (FTIR). In this decomposition become the electromagnetic signals by means of one or more filters irradiated to the receiving elements, for example, by individual receiving diodes or individual phototransistors formed or arranged in the form of a CCD array receiving elements. Instead of the receiving elements upstream filter can be also provide diffraction gratings.

Preferably is a Einkoppeloptik provided except a grid or a filter also includes a lens system, for example a condenser lens.

From the volatile, inflammatory to be detected Substances, it depends on what IR wavenumber ranges actually used for the receiving elements be or have to be hidden. Accordingly can be provided narrow-band receiving elements that specific in relevant for these inflammatory substances Waves count areas, thus providing an analysis of the chemical Allow composition and concentration of substances.

There the moisture content of a piece of textile whose absorption and / or transmission spectrum in a certain wavenumber range, be used for the measurement of the moisture, which may be considered Textile type and the type of volatile, flammable Substances preferably selected such wavenumber ranges, in which either no such influence is present or the influence on the mutual distinctiveness of volatile, inflammatory substances and textiles is low.

alternative will also be information showing the dependence of the spectrum a piece of fabric from the absorbed moisture take into account, in a memory unit associated with the evaluation circuit stored to spectral measurements according to the desired Data (about the type of textiles or about their Moisture content).

at the evaluation of the spectra may, for example, slope and heights of peaks, the height ratio different peaks and derivative functions from the spectra are used.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the evaluation unit comprises a memory unit with the spectra for various inflammatory substances.

in the Below is an embodiment of the invention based one equipped to carry out the process Trockner illustrated.

The in 1 illustrated dryer 1 is a condensation clothes dryer 1 with a rotatably mounted drum 2 for holding textiles to be dried 3 , The drum 2 has a floor 4 with a central perforation 5 on which the filtering of a process air stream is used. On the floor 4 opposite side is one through a door 6 closable opening available. During operation is powered by a fan 7 the process air flow generated by a circuit 8th to a heater 9 for heating the process air and then through the central perforation 5 of the soil 4 in the drum 2 flows.

After contact with the textiles 3 the process air flows through the door 6 , which has openings on the inside and the underside, through a further section of the circulating air circulation 8th to a capacitor 10 in which the process air is cooled to condense moisture. The capacitor 10 For this purpose, cooling air flows through from the surroundings of the dryer 1 is sucked. Behind the capacitor 10 the process air is returned by the blower 7 sucked. In the area of the door 6 is a lamp 11 provided, for example, is a broadband radiator, in particular a light bulb, a halogen lamp or a light-emitting diode. This gives IR radiation in the direction of the textiles to be dried 3 inside the drum 2 from. According to the type of textiles 3 , the humidity of the laundry 3 as well as any volatile, flammable substances present, a portion of the radiation is reflected, with some of the reflected radiation on receiving elements 12 . 13 which are sensitive in different IR wavenumber ranges. By arranging a filter on the radiation input side of the receiving elements 12 . 13 can be achieved that only a certain narrow band or only a certain wave number by the respective transmitting element 12 . 13 can be received. In this case, the wavenumber ranges, in which the receiving elements 12 . 13 are sensitive, suitable choose that, for example, the receiving element 12 is sensitive in a certain wavenumber range and detects various chemical substances.

In an evaluation circuit 15 From the received IR spectra it is possible to determine further functions such as the derivative function dA / dk (K = absorption, k = wavenumber) or higher derivatives, whereby maxima, minima, slopes and inflection points of the IR spectra can be obtained.

Different tissues and volatile, flammable substances can be distinguished by an analysis of each other, as for example in the book " Recognition of Plastics - Qualitative Plastic Analysis with Simple Means "by Dietrich Braun, 1998, 3rd edition , is known. The wavelength range of 1500 nm to 1800 nm is particularly suitable because of the independence of moisture.

Transmission spectra can be performed with a receiver element that is below the drum 2 introduced textiles or is arranged on the lower side of the filling opening, so this, if the transmitting element 11 IR radiation emanates from the textiles 3 transmitted IR radiation receives.

The reception elements 12 . 13 are over lines 14 with the evaluation circuit 15 connected. The evaluation circuit 15 contains evaluation electronics which enable the spectra of textiles, volatile, flammable substances or particularly relevant parts to be identified in the spectra. Preferably, the evaluation circuit 15 also associated with a memory in which known spectra are stored, so that the evaluation unit 15 can safely detect and distinguish textiles and volatile, flammable substances by comparing the received spectra with the stored spectra.

The evaluation circuit 15 thus has access to the memory of the control circuit 16 to compare and evaluate spectra.

If the evaluation circuit 15 If it detects a spectrum of a volatile, flammable substance, it can influence the further program sequence and, for example, generate a visually or audibly perceptible signal. This can be regulated so that above a certain concentration an alarm signal is triggered.

To during the operation of the dryer 1 always a good light coupling to the receiving elements 12 . 13 as well as a perfect emission of light from the transmitting element 10 to ensure a part of the air flow through a separately provided flow channel 17 diverted it so that it stops at the receiving elements 12 . 13 and the transmitting element 10 sweeps over and keeps it free from contamination. Alternatively, you can also use air from the outside for cleaning. Likewise, the circulating air, in particular in countercurrent process can be used. In this case, after passing through a filter, the purified ambient air or process air from the direction of the receiving elements 12 . 13 and the transmitting element 10 in the drum 2 blown.

According to the The invention provides a method for detecting volatile, provided inflammatory substances. When threatening Danger, the device can be a warning signal - visually or acoustic - or the device leads independently by a program correction by a selected program does not start or it stops. This can overheating, fire or damage of textiles by the action of volatile, inflammatory Substance can be avoided at elevated temperatures.

The Invention has numerous advantages The detection of flammable and harmful substances is user-independent. It also increases security against fire and explosions when loaded with contaminated textiles.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 0816551 B1 [0004]
• - EP 1242665 B1 [0005]
• US 5739534 [0007]
• US 5396715 [0008]
• - JP 06-126099 A [0009]
• JP 07-178293 A [0009]
• JP 05-200194 A [0009]
• - JP 06-039189 A [0009]
• US 2002/000495 A1 [0010]
• - EP 0929803 B1 [0011]

Cited non-patent literature

• - "Recognition of Plastics - Qualitative Plastic Analysis with Simple Means" by Dietrich Braun, 1998, 3rd Edition [0012]
• - Recognition of Plastics - Qualitative Plastic Analysis with Simple Means "by Dietrich Braun, 1998, 3rd edition [0047]

Claims (7)

Method for detecting volatile, flammable substances in a dryer ( 1 ) with a drum ( 2 ) for receiving textiles and a transmitting element ( 11 ), which irradiates the textiles and / or their surroundings with IR radiation, wherein a receiving element ( 12 . 13 ) of the textiles ( 3 . 3a ) and / or the walls of the drum ( 2 ) and / or receives the transmitted IR radiation in the wavenumber range of 600 to 4000 cm-1 and evaluates the presence of volatile, flammable substances. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the IR radiation received in the range from 600 to 4000 cm -1 is subjected to an evaluation circuit ( 15 ) is supplied. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized the wavenumber range from 1080 to 1300 cm-1 to Detection of alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids and / or esters is used. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wavenumber range of 1350 to 1470 cm-1 and the wavenumber range from 2850 to 2960 cm-1 can be used for the detection of alkanes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wavenumber range of 1690 up to 1760 cm-1 for the detection of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and / or esters is used. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that when exceeding a certain predetermined concentration threshold one or more volatile, flammable substances an acoustic and / or optical signal is given. Dryer ( 1 ) with a drum ( 2 ) for receiving textiles and a transmitting element ( 11 ) and a receiving element ( 12 ) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 6.