DE102007035064A1 - Measurement of the roughness of a motor cylinder surface, in the cylinder block, inserts a probe with feelers to determine the surface micro-structure through their tips - Google Patents

Abstract

The assembly (20) to measure the micro-structure and roughness of a surface (23) of a cylinder (22) in a workpiece (24), especially a motor cylinder, has a measurement head (21) with a number of feelers (26.1,26.2) testing the surface with their tips (27.1,27.2). The feelers are inserted into the cylinder as part of a measurement probe (25).

Description

The The invention relates to a method for measuring the microstructure, in particular the roughness of surfaces of cylindrical holes Workpieces, such as motor cylinders, using a a measuring head having measuring device, the one in the bore includes an insertable probe with a tactile probe, a stylus tip for detecting the microstructure of the surface having the bore and a measuring device for performing of the procedure.

such Measuring devices have been common practice for many years become known and become the random measurement of the microstructure used by surfaces of cylinder bores. there it is difficult, statistically, due to the large measuring time meaningful results within one in production given, comparatively short cycle time. The first right applies this at a required in the production of high-quality components Hundred percent inspection. Such a hundred percent exam the microstructure of the surfaces of cylinder bores in short production cycle times with the required statistical Significance is with the previously known measuring devices not possible. Although this problem is in practice has been posing for many years, yet were no solutions found for it.

From the U.S. Patent 4,872,269 is a measuring device with a measuring head for measuring the 3-dimensional shape of a cylindrical bore has become known, with the aid of which only the macroscopic shape properties of a cylinder bore, such as their straightness, cylindricity, conicity or their maximum and minimum radius can be detected. This shape measuring device has to measure the shape of the cylinder bores a plurality of piston-like pins whose protruding ends are flattened. With such pins, detection of the microstructure of the bore surface of a cylinder bore is impossible.

It is an object of the invention, the initially mentioned method and the initially mentioned device for implementation to improve this method so that advantageous opportunities for a one hundred percent exam and / or for an in-line exam the surface microstructure of cylindrical holes of workpieces in short cycle times in a production line consist.

These Task is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a measuring device for carrying out the method solved according to claim 2. Through this, in the light of one already For many years existing need for a solution the initially mentioned practice problems surprising it now appears for the first time possible, in time with a production line an automatable Microstructure measurement, in particular a roughness measurement of the surface cylinder bores with a short test time and with a desired statistical power, preferably at several points of the bore wall at the same time, d. H. perform simultaneously.

at Such a measuring device is expedient if at least two, preferably all tactile probes over the circumference of the probe and in preferably equal circumferential angles spaced apart about the longitudinal axis of the probe are arranged. This results after a drop in the probe into the hole in a desired height position advantageous measurement possibilities for this, in this Height position in a short time a plurality of measurements to obtain a statistically meaningful volume.

Further can be provided that the tactile probe coaxial with the Longitudinal axis of the probe are arranged. Thereby can a plurality of identical probes are used and There are also advantages in the evaluation of the so covered Readings.

Further can be provided that the tactile probe for the purpose of Detecting the microstructure of the surface of the hole in each case by means of a feed device, in particular in the longitudinal direction the measuring probe, preferably by means of a motor are movable or to be moved. This allows a comparatively simple and fast way to measure the microstructure the bore surface in the required accuracy.

From It is particularly advantageous if the measuring probe is a means of suppression of vibrations between the probes and the to be measured Surface of the bore, especially between the tactile Probes and the surface of the hole to be measured having. This can be avoided or prevented that shocks affect the measurement results.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the probe has a preferably central support body, to which at least one sensor carrier is attached, the at least one sensor for measuring characteristic values of the bore, in particular surface characteristics of the bore, preferably at least one of the tactile probe Detecting the microstructure of the surface of the bore and / or at least one optical sensor for detecting the honing structure and / or defects and / or pores and / or scratches of the surface of the bore, and by means of a mechanism of an insertion and removal position in which the probe together with the probe carrier and the probe is preferably non-contact can be inserted into the bore, is transferred to a measuring position or is transferred, in which a measurement of the characteristics of the bore using the probe is possible or takes place, and vice versa. As a result, an easy insertion and removal of the probe without damage, especially the sensitive probe possible and there are also advantageous opportunities for correct positioning of the probe in the hole for the purpose of microstructure measurement given as well as advantageous possibilities for additional optical detection of the honing structure, for example, the honing angle and / or for detecting defects, pores and / or scratches and the like of the surface of the bore. Conveniently, a conventional camera may also preferably be fastened to the insertion end of the measuring probe in order to be able to precisely inspect or measure a smaller measuring field.

According to one particularly preferred embodiment variant can be provided be that the probe has a preferably central support body has, on which at least one fixing body for fixing the probe is mounted relative to the bore, using the a mechanism of an insertion and removal position, in which the probe together with the fixing preferably without contact in the bore insertable and can be removed again from the bore, into a fixation position can be transferred is or is converted, in which the fixing body on the surface of the hole under exercise of Pressure forces on the surface of the hole this is supported so that the probe in the fixation position of the fixing against movement relative to the bore is fixed, and vice versa. In this fixation of the fixation So the probe is clamped in the hole. In this way can be achieved that any shocks the Do not interfere with measurement results.

In Further preferred embodiment can be provided that the Sensor carrier and / or the fixing articulated by means of at least one link to the support body is / are, so that the sensor carrier and / or the Fixierkör by relative to the support body of its insertion and removal position into its measuring position and / or its fixing position is spreadable or is spread. Thereby Being a simple as well as inexpensive yet accurate working construction achieved.

Conveniently, it can be provided that at least two of the sensor carrier and / or two of the fixing body to the preferably central support body the probe attached and over the circumference of the support body in circumferential angles about its longitudinal axis at least in their each measuring position or fixing position spaced from each other are.

Further it can be provided that at least two of the sensor carrier are coupled in such a way that they work together from their respective implementation and removal position in their respective measurement position can be transferred are or are transferred, and vice versa. Thereby is a quick and correct positioning of the sensor carrier possible in the hole.

alternative or in addition it can be provided that at least two the fixing body are coupled in such a way that they are in common from their respective entry and removal position into their own respective fixing position can be transferred or transferred be, and vice versa. This allows a corresponding fast and correct positioning of the fixation body in the hole.

After all can also be provided that at least one of Sensor carrier and at least one of the fixing are coupled in such a way that they work together from their respective implementation and removal position in their respective measurement position or fixation position can be transferred are or are transferred, and vice versa. This allows corresponding advantages even with combinations of one or more than one sensor carrier with one or multiple fixings in a single probe.

Further It may be useful if the sensor carrier and / or the fixing body by means of a motor of his their insertion and removal position into his or her their measuring position and / or fixing position are movable or moved. This is an automated operation or test possible.

It is particularly advantageous if at least one of the measuring probes, in particular at least one of the tactile measuring probes, is carried by the fixing body, so that the measuring probe, upon movement of the fixing body from its insertion and removal position into its fixing position, and vice versa, together with the fixing body is moved. This allows in the fixing position an advantageous vibration damped arrangement of the probe or the probe relative to the surface to be tested of the bore, in particular advantageous measurement options when using multiple tactile probes for micro-profile or roughness Measurement.

In appropriate training can be provided that at least two of the probes, in particular two the tactile probe each from one of the fixation are worn over the circumference of the support body in the circumferential direction about its longitudinal axis at least in her each fixing position are spaced from each other, so that the respective sensor during a movement of the associated fixation body from its insertion and removal position in its fixation position, and vice versa, together is moved with the respective fixing body.

After all can be provided that the feed device for the tactile probe and optionally its motor carried by the fixing body, preferably on or in a feed body of the fixing is included or are.

From it is particularly advantageous if the sensor carrier with at least one spacer and support element for support of the sensor in its measuring position on the surface the bore at a predetermined distance to the surface of the Bore is provided. This allows a correct position and low vibration positioning of the probe in the area the bore surface to be measured.

there it is advantageous if the distance and support element designed as a roll or ball that is in the measuring position of the sensor carrier around a parallel to the Surface of the bore extending axis of rotation is rotatable, so that in this measuring position of the sensor carrier together with the probe at a predetermined distance to the surface of the bore about the longitudinal axis the bore is rotatable. This allows a simple and precise measurement or inspection of the bore surface over the entire circumference of the cylinder bore.

Further it is advantageous if the fixing body in the area the probe tip of the tactile probe arranged support body has, over which the fixing body in his Fixing position supported on the surface of the bore. This will cause any vibrations between the tip of the probe Probe and the bore surface to be measured effectively reduced.

there can according to a particularly advantageous embodiment be provided that the support body at least has two spaced investment elements, preferably rigid are connected to each other and in the fixing position of the fixing abut the surface of the bore. this makes possible an even better vibration damping.

A further improved vibration damping can be achieved be that the abutment elements in the fixing position of the fixing a common plane arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis the bore is formed and preferably the longitudinal axis the bore contains.

A optimal reduction of vibrations in said area can be reached when the probe tip of the tactile probe in the fixing position of the fixing between two of on the surface of the bore abutting investment elements is arranged and while performing the Microstructure measurement in a measuring range between the two investment elements the surface of the bore is moved along fitting.

One advantageous compensation of any misalignment and / or positioning errors can be achieved when the support body over a Rotary or self-aligning bearing on which the feed device for hinged the tactile probe border border feed body articulated and is supported by this. It can be provided that the Support body about an axis of rotation relative to the feed body is rotatably arranged, in the fixing position of the fixing arranged approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore is.

Conveniently, the support body is detachable with the feed body connected so that the support body depends depending on the size of the hole and / or dependent can be replaced by the respective measurement tasks.

A further improved vibration reduction or vibration damping of the tactile measuring system can be achieved by the Feed body with a in the direction of the probe tip the sliding contact arm extending from the tactile measuring probe is connected, in the area of the probe tip of the tactile probe with a Skid is provided by the spring force of a spring a preferably parallel to the surface of the bore extending and preferably to this indicative reference surface a reference body of the support body is pressed, the skid during the Microstructure measurement simultaneous to a movement of the probe tip along the surface of the bore along the reference surface of the reference body of the support body is moved.

It is in terms of even further improved vibration reduction advantageous if the Gleitkufenarm and preferably also the Tastarm is attached by means of a preferably designed as a leaf spring spring on the feed body or are.

Further can be provided that the handlebar by means of a longitudinal direction the probe's movable control to its fixed immediately or rotatable indirectly connected to the support body rotational axis is, so that upon movement of the control in the longitudinal direction the measuring probe of the sensor carrier and / or the Fixierkörper of his or her introduction and Removal position in his or her measuring position and / or Fixierstellung are movable or to be moved. This will be a simple and cost-effective, yet precise construction reached.

In Preferred embodiment can be provided that it is at the control to an internally threaded nut acts on the support body in the longitudinal direction the probe guided axially displaceable, but against a Rotation about the longitudinal axis of the support body or the probe is secured and the one on a matching external thread containing spindle is received, preferably by means of a motor is rotatable about its longitudinal axis, so that a rotation of the Spindle about its longitudinal axis to a displacement of the nut along the spindle leads.

Further It may be useful if the handlebar as a double link is designed with two handlebar arms pointing away from each other Pages of the respective fixing are articulated. This results favorable guide and Anlenkverhältnisse in conjunction with a particularly rigid construction.

there can be provided that the link arms rigidly connected are and / or that the double link designed tuning fork is and / or that the two link arms of the double link over a cross connector are rigidly connected together and starting from these in the same direction extend approximately parallel to each other.

According to one alternative and particularly advantageous solution may further be provided that the handlebar rotatably indirectly about an axis of rotation is hinged to the support body and with both sides this axis of rotation in different, preferably opposite Direction extending handlebars is designed, with a first link arm of the link arranged at a distance from its axis of rotation Rotary axis is pivotally hinged to the support body, the relative to the support body in its longitudinal direction slidably guided on the support body, and a second link arm of the link being one at a distance arranged on its axis of rotation axis of rotation of the fixing and / or hinged to the sensor carrier, and wherein an auxiliary link is rotatable about an axis of rotation on the support body is hinged and rotatable about the said axis of rotation of the handlebar on the Handlebar is articulated. This results in advantageous leadership and leverage ratios.

Further can be provided that the fixing body independently from the sensor carrier from its insertion and removal position is movable or moved into its fixing position becomes. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the sensor carrier independent from the fixing body of its insertion and removal position is moved or moved to its measuring position.

According to one particularly preferred embodiment variant can be provided be that the handlebars or the handlebars of the fixing body and the handlebars or handlebars of the sensor carrier from a common, movable in the longitudinal direction of the probe Control to his or her fixed directly or indirectly associated with the support body axis of rotation or connected Rotary axes is movable / are or will / will, with a movement of the control in the longitudinal direction of the probe either the fixing body or the sensor carrier from its insertion and removal position into its fixation position or measuring position is moved. In this way, an optical Testing the surface of the hole advantageous performed separately from the microstructure or roughness measurement with damage to the sensitive stylus tips prevented for the purpose or during the optical measurement become.

In Further advantageous embodiment may be provided that the Sensor carrier and / or the fixing using the spring force of a spring from his / her measuring position and / or fixing position in his / her insertion and removal position is or is movable.

Further can be provided that the probe relative to a fixed with its connected measuring head part by means of a motor about a longitudinal axis is rotatable or rotated. In this way, the microstructure measurement and / or the surface structure measurement of the bore in a desired axial height over the entire circumference of the hole carried out automatically become.

Additionally or alternatively, it may be provided that the measuring probe is movable or moved relative to a measuring head part fixedly connected to it by means of a motor along the measuring axis of the bore. In this way, the microstructure measurement and / or surface structure measurement of the bore can be automated in a certain circumferential position over a desired depth of the bore. Further If necessary, the separate feed devices for a movement of the stylus tips of the tactile probe can be omitted by these measures, ie they can be moved together with the probe carriers and / or fixing in the longitudinal direction of the bore, at the same time the microstructure of the surface of the bore are measured by means of the probe tips can.

To For this purpose, it can therefore be provided that the tactile probe for the purpose of detecting the microstructure of the surface the bore exclusively by means of the aforementioned engine in Direction of the hole to be moved.

It is also useful if one firmly The measuring head part connected to the measuring probe is fixed with a fixing device for fixing the measuring head to the workpiece having the bore, preferably connected to the cylinder head of an engine. These Fixing device is conveniently using of insertable into holes pins relative to the workpiece anchored so that the probe during the measurement relative remains fixed to the workpiece.

In Advantageous embodiment of the tactile probe can be provided be that these as a reference level sensor and / or as Kufentaster, are preferably designed as a pendulum call button.

It is also advantageous if the measuring device with at least a vibration sensor for measuring vibrations the measuring probe is equipped.

In Particularly advantageous embodiment can be provided that at least one of the tactile probes as a vibration sensor for measuring the vibrations of the measuring probe and / or the surface the bore is designed or used so that the vibrations by means of at least one tactile probe are measurable or be measured. The vibration measurement can be particularly advantageous be performed by the tip of the as tactile probe trained vibration sensor while measuring the microstructure of the surface of the Drilling using the at least one additional tactile probe, relative to the surface of the bore at least in the longitudinal direction the bore is held fixed or is, while the Tastspitze the at least one additional tactile probe for Purposes of detecting the microstructure of the surface of the Bore along the same, preferably in the longitudinal direction is moved or is.

Under the practical conditions in a microstructure measurement of cylinder bore surfaces in a production line, the holes are often with Liquids such as oil and / or water and / or contaminated with particles of all kinds. It is therefore for the purpose of Improving the quality of the recording or measurement of the Microstructure of the surface of such holes appropriate, if at the insertion end of the probe a cleaning device for cleaning, in particular for blowing off and / or stripping the Surface of the bore is arranged.

there It is useful if the cleaning device preferably releasably secured to the support body is, so that the cleaning device can be replaced so can.

Conveniently, the cleaning device can be designed with or as a circular disk, which has an outer diameter, preferably slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the hole and the one with outwardly open annular slot is designed by the Air and / or gas for the purpose of blowing off the surface the bore is guided through or passed becomes.

Further can be provided that the cleaning device with one or designed as a circular disk, which is in the area of its outer periphery a circumferential scraper for stripping the surface the bore has. For this purpose, the scraper can be advantageous designed with a scraper rubber and / or with Abstreiferborsten be.

to tactile measurement of the surface microstructure of the holes serves a diamond needle, which is attached to a support is, over which the needle deflection is detected. Is to a measuring means is provided which measures the needle deflection. These Arrangement is usually together in a housing built-in and is called surface probe. In order to you can measure a line profile, this probe must over the surface to be measured are pulled. Can do this serve so-called feeders.

According to one particularly advantageous embodiment variant can be provided be that the tactile probe in axial or longitudinal direction the probe offset and / or spaced from each other are. This results in further improved possibilities for a 100 percent exam and / or for an in-line inspection of the surface microstructure drilling in short cycle times in a production line and advantageous possibilities for a place and cost-saving construction.

It is particularly space and cost-saving, if several of the tactile probe with a ge are coupled with their help, they are jointly movable in the axial or longitudinal direction of the probe or the bore or moved. This feed device may expediently be a motor.

Further can be provided that the tactile probes on a common, extending in the longitudinal or axial direction of the probe Supported body and preferably carried by this are.

Further can be provided that the supporting body with the help of a or the common feed device in the axial or longitudinal direction the probe is or will be movable.

Further can be provided that it is in the support body to a work spindle with an external thread is on the tactile probes on each with a matching internally threaded body, preferably a mother, are stored.

The linear surface profile measurement is a relative Measurement, because it depends only on the relative position of the measuring points to each other, but not to the absolute situation in the room. The train- or push movement of the probe is thus advantageously carried out against a reference or reference plane, so that over a certain measuring section, via which a linear Surface profile measurement of the hole to be made should, the distance between the measuring surface and the reference or reference plane using the respective probe is measured.

Accordingly, can be provided that the tactile probes at least a common reference body is assigned, which is in the axial or longitudinal direction of the Probe extends and one or more reference planes for the tactile probe associated with this reference body having.

there it can be provided that the reference body at least a common reference plane for several of this reference body having associated tactile probe.

Further can be provided that the reference body a common Reference plane for all of this reference body having associated tactile probe.

The above-mentioned reference planes and the reference body For example, they may be formed with or made of glass. Such reference bodies can be particularly simple and produce inexpensively.

Further can be provided that in the axial or longitudinal direction the reference probe or the bore extending reference plane a longitudinal contour has, which corresponds to the longitudinal contour of the bore. advantageously, So can in the linear scanning of a straight surface a bore provided a correspondingly straight reference plane while, for example, in a linear scan a curved surface in a certain radius a bore also a correspondingly circular or a circle section having reference plane can be provided.

Further can be provided that the tactile probes each about a solid-state joint with an axial or longitudinal direction the measuring probe extending measuring probe carrier firmly connected which allows a level movement of tactile probes or caused. As a result, it may be possible to refer to a reference plane containing be dispensed with separate reference body, on or the multiple plant body during the tactile Messens would have to be created.

According to one particularly advantageous embodiment variant can be provided be that the tactile probes over at least one parallel kinematic deflection body, preferably over at least two leaf springs, with one or the axial or longitudinal direction the measuring probe extending measuring probe carrier firmly connected are. It goes without saying that the tactile probes also each over a parallel kinematic deflection body, preferably each have at least two leaf springs, with one or extending in the axial or longitudinal direction of the probe Probe carrier can be firmly connected.

A Such guidance represents an ideal reference plane because a movement of the probe or its feed body on a "atomically smooth" circular arc.

Further can be provided according to an advantageous development be that in the axial or longitudinal direction of the probe offset and / or spaced apart tactile probe, if appropriate, the common feed device and / or, where appropriate the support body and / or optionally the common reference body and / or optionally the solid-state joints or the Deflection body, or the leaf springs and the probe carrier to or from one of the sensor carrier and / or one of the fixing body are received.

Because the stylus tip of the tactile probe Usually has a radius of 2 to 5 microns, the contact pressure must be kept small because the small needle radius of the surface pressure is otherwise very large and the workpiece could then possibly be scratched. However, a small contact force makes the measuring system sensitive to vibrations, which tends to make the stylus tip stand out.

Accordingly, can be provided that the insertable into the bore measuring probe via a coupling firmly, but releasably connectable to a measuring head part or connected, which is a means for moving the probe in the axial or longitudinal direction of the bore and / or in the circumferential direction of Drilling and / or rotating the probe about its longitudinal axis having. For example, this device may be one or more motors.

Further can be provided that at the insertion end of the probe a preferably disc-shaped Absaughilfskörper is provided, whose outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the bore, leaving the probe with the Absaughilfskörper in the hole under training an annular gap between the Absaughilfskörper and the bore wall of the bore is insertable. Thereby there is the possibility of contamination or impurities effectively remove the hole by suction without causing it contamination of the probes and / or the probes, for example, comes from oil mist.

To For this purpose, a suction device may be provided, with their Help air and / or gas through the gap between the Absaughilfskörper and the bore wall of the bore is extractable for cleaning cause the surface of the hole or to effect. For this purpose it is beneficial if the Suction device the air and / or gas in the insertion direction the probe sucks away from this.

Further can be provided that the probe at least a first optical sensor with which the surface of the bore is detected or recorded with a low resolution and at least one second optical sensor, preferably one Camera, with the or the surface of the bore detectable with a high or higher resolution is or is detected.

there can in a first step using the first optical sensor the surface of the hole over a large part their size, preferably even over their entire Scope, so at least 360 degrees, in a low Resolution, for example, be recorded by 300 dpi, and in a second step may be with the aid of the second optical sensor at one or more locations of the bore their local surface in a high or higher resolution, for example of 4,800 dpi. In the low or lower resolution using the first optical sensor can thus a Rundumscan optionally over the entire bore length be performed. It can be relatively large area Surface defects such as turning depths, voids and the like be recorded. At a correspondingly low resolution of about 400 dpi, such surfaces with a Size of at least about 60 microns detected become.

With the aid of the second optical sensor, detailed images with a higher resolution, for example 4,800 dpi, can be created and evaluated at several local locations of the bore wall of the bore, which corresponds to a recorded or evaluable area of 1 × 1.5 mm ² , for example. At such a high resolution, the Hohntextur, so for example, the groove distribution, the proportion of grooves right / left, the mocking angle, the ratio of deep / shallow grooves and the like can be detected and evaluated, the expression is about greater than or equal to 5 microns.

For the case that with the optical examination with the help of first optical sensor at low resolution any minor abnormalities can be detected in the appropriate places with the help of the second optical sensor Detailed shots taken at the specified locations. In other words, it can therefore be provided that, if at the optical test using the first optical sensor in low resolution at certain points of the bore wall the bore any abnormalities are found at these points then with the help of the second optical sensor the respective surface details are recorded and evaluated.

at the in-line measurement is to pay special attention to that Do not pollute the sensitive tactile probe because this can lead to corresponding measurement errors. Although the Measurement preferably be carried out in a cabin, the outside from a blower with filter is vented, but this may be insufficient to keep the sensitive probes clean.

Accordingly, it can be provided that the tactile probes, in particular of the tactile probe having part of the measuring probe, in a not inserted into the bore position or in the idle state, preferably also in an inserted into the bore position or measuring position means a, preferably designed with or as a protective cover, protection against contamination with impurities, in particular dust that may or may be present in the outside air, is or is protected.

there may be provided in a preferred embodiment that the Protective device the probe at least in the field of tactile probe fully with respect to the longitudinal axis of the Measuring probe surrounds.

Preferably the protective device can be hooded or bell-shaped be.

Further can be provided that the protection device to the insertion the probe open to the first opening and a second opening has, by the one or the supporting body for the tactile probe, preferably sealed, passes through.

Further can be provided that the probe in the region of its insertion end a, preferably plate-shaped, in particular as a or the circular disk designed, has closing body, at that when the tactile probes are not inserted into the bore are, a ring seal sealingly applied, the, preferably secured to the protective device, sealed to the protective device so that the tactile probes in one of the guard, the closing body and the ring seal limited shelter are located. The ring seal may optionally one or more parts be attached to the protection device.

Further can be provided that the ring seal an outer diameter which is larger than the inner diameter the bore so that the ring seal on a bore edge of the bore, preferably full, sealingly placed or rests.

Prefers can be provided that the protection device on or on attached to the measuring head part of the measuring head.

Further it can be provided that the protective device in the longitudinal direction the measuring probe is movable relative to this and / or that the protective device with elastic and / or with relatively movable parts is formed, so that the protective device in the longitudinal direction the measuring probe movable, in particular compressible and / or compressible and / or collapsible and stretchable again and / or again can be pulled apart and / or pushed apart again.

Further can be provided that the protective device in the manner of a Bellows and / or with or out of relative to each other telescopically slidable, preferably with pipe segments or as pipe segments trained, parts is designed.

Prefers can be provided that when inserting the probe into the hole, starting from a position in which the tactile probe not located in the bore, the protective device into a release order can be transferred or transferred in which with the help of the tactile probe the microstructure the surface of the bore can be detected or detected.

Further can be provided that the protective device with a Air filter, in particular with a dust filter, provided through opening having.

The The invention also relates to a measuring station with a plurality of devices for measuring the microstructure of surfaces of holes according to one of claims 2 to 72. In this way So the surface microstructure of holes one and the same Workpiece or of several workpieces preferably be recorded or measured simultaneously. Accordingly, can be provided by means of such a measuring station that the Microstructure of the surfaces of several holes simultaneously by means of the measuring devices according to the invention is measured.

Further Advantages, features and aspects of the invention are the following Description part removable, in the preferred embodiments the invention are described in detail with reference to the figures.

It demonstrate:

1 a three-dimensional view of a device for measuring the microstructure of holes;

2 a side view of the device according to 1 ;

3 a longitudinal section of the device along the section line 3-3 in 2 ;

4 a longitudinal section of the device with its inserted into a bore measuring probe, with their tactile probe are in an insertion and removal position;

5 a longitudinal section of the device with its introduced into a bore measuring probe according to 4 , Whose tactile probe to together with their sensor carriers, which are also designed here as a fixing, are in a measuring and fixing position;

6 a schematic cross section through a probe with three tactile probes;

7 a schematic cross section through a probe with four tactile probes, along the section line 7-7 in 10 ;

8th a schematic cross section through a probe with two tactile probes and with an optical image pickup module or sensor;

9 a schematic cross section through a probe with three tactile probes and with an optical imaging module or sensor along the section line 9-9 in 11 ;

10 a schematic view of a measuring device with a four tactile probe and a camera having a measuring probe;

11 a schematic view of a mounted on a frame measuring device with a three tactile probe and an optical image pickup module or sensor and a camera having a measuring probe;

12 a partially schematized view of a measuring device, to the support body both a designed as a fixation probe carrier for a tactile probe and a sensor carrier for an optical sensor via an alternative mechanism are coupled by means of which either the fixing together with the tactile probe or the sensor carrier together with the optical sensor of their respective insertion and removal position in their respective measuring and fixing or measuring position are movable, wherein the sensor carrier for the optical sensor is together with the optical sensor in its insertion and removal position and wherein the fixing together with the tactile probe is actuated or spread by means of a control element in its fixing position;

13 a view of the measuring device according to 12 in which now the sensor carrier for the optical sensor is actuated together with this by means of the same control in its measuring position, while the fixing body is together with its tactile probe in its insertion and removal position;

14 a side view of a attached to a functioning as a probe carrier fixing body tactile probe;

15 a longitudinal section of the devices according to 14 along the section line 15-15 in 16 ;

16 a front view of the devices according to 14 ;

17 a schematic view of an arrangement of several, in the longitudinal direction of a probe beab stood mutually arranged tactile probes;

18 a schematic view of an alternative arrangement of a plurality of spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of a probe tactile probes;

19 a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of a measuring device, in which one of four sensor carriers with an array of tactile probes according to 17 or 18 is provided with a coupling between the probe and a probe holder;

20 a schematic view of a protected with a protective device against contamination measuring device according to the invention.

The measuring device shown in the figures 20 includes a measuring head with a measuring probe 25 which is in a cylindrical bore 22 a workpiece 24 , For example, an engine cylinder 28 is insertable, the in the 4 and 5 such as 10 and 11 is shown schematically. The measuring probe 25 contains according to the invention several tactile probe 26 ; 26.1 to 26.4 , each one a Tastspitze 27 ; 27.1 to 27.4 for detecting the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 of the workpiece 24 exhibit.

So that the tactile probe 26 ; 26.1 to 26.4 the microstructure, in particular the roughness of the surface 23 of cylinder bores 22 can detect precisely, indicate the probe tips 27 ; 27.1 to 27.4 a stylus tip radius of less than ten microns. Preference is given to stylus tips 27 ; 27.1 to 27.4 used with a stylus tip radius that is less than or equal to five microns.

The exact structure of tactile probes 26 ; 26.1 to 26.4 will be related below with the 14 to 16 described.

The measuring probe 25 includes a central support body 40 which is designed here as a long stretched tube. On the support body 40 are several sensor carriers 41.1 . 41.2 for sensors 42 attached. With these sensors 42 these are the tactile probes 26 ; 26.1 to 26.4 , where too in addition also other sensors, in particular optical sensors 44 for detecting the honing structure and / or defects and / or pores and / or scratches of the surface 23 the bore 22 from the sensor carriers 41.2 can be worn.

The sensor carriers 41.1 . 41.2 can advantageously at the same time fixing 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 form or contain, with the help of which the measuring probe 25 against movements relative to the bore 22 can be fixed. In the preferred embodiments shown in the figures are on as a sensor carrier 41.1 acting fixatives 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 the respective tactile probes 26 ; 26.1 to 26.4 attached, that is from the respective fixing bodies 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 be worn.

It goes without saying, however, that the optical sensors too 44 and / or other probes on the fixation bodies 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 or attached to other fixings and can be worn by them. It is also understood that the fixing body can also be free of sensors, so that therefore the function of a fixation of the probe relative to the bore 22 of the workpiece 24 On the other hand, and the function of recording and movement of the probe by means of probe carriers on the other hand, can be separated.

According to the invention it is provided that on the support body 40 the measuring probe 25 at least one sensor carrier 41.1 . 41.2 and / or a fixing body 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 is attached, the or by means of a mechanism 45 ; 45.1 . 45.2 from an insertion and removal position 46 ; 46.1 . 46.2 in which the measuring probe 25 along with the sensor 42 carrying sensor carrier 41.1 . 41.2 and / or together with the fixing body 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 preferably contactless in the bore 22 insertable and back out of the hole 22 is removable, in a measuring position 47 ; 47.1 . 47.2 can be converted or is, in which a measurement of the characteristics of the bore 22 using the probe 42 is possible or takes place, and if necessary, vice versa and / or in a fixing position 46 is convertible or is, in which the fixing body 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 on the surface 23 the bore 22 under the exertion of compressive forces on the surface 23 the bore 22 is supported on this, so that the probe 25 in the fixation position 56 of the fixation body 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 against movements relative to the bore 22 is fixed. In other words, so is the fixing body 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 containing measuring probe 25 in the fixation position 56 the fixation body 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 in the hole 22 clamped, so that no relative movements between the probe 25 and the hole 22 may occur.

In the embodiments shown in the figures which are as fixing 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 trained sensor carrier 41.1 for the tactile probe 26 ; 26.1 to 26.4 and optionally additionally provided sensor carrier 41.2 for the optical sensors 44 ( 8th and 11 to 13 ) each by means of two links 58 ; 58.1 to 58.4 on the support body 40 hinged so that the respective sensor carrier 41.1 . 41.2 and / or the respective fixing body 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 relative to the support body 40 from its insertion and removal position 46 ; 46.1 . 46.2 in his measuring position 47 ; 47.1 . 47.2 and / or its fixation position 56 is spreadable or is spread.

As in the embodiments according to the 1 to 6 shown, the probe can 25 for example, with three each as a sensor carrier 41.1 for the tactile probe 26.1 to 26.3 acting fixatives 51.1 to 51.3 Be provided over the circumference of the probe 25 in here the same circumferential angles 30.1 of 120 degrees around the longitudinal axis 31 the measuring probe 25 spaced apart from each other. In addition, in these embodiments, but also in all other embodiments shown in the figures, the tactile probe 26.1 to 26.4 and accordingly also those carrying them and as sensor carriers 41.1 acting fixing 51.1 to 51.4 coaxial to the longitudinal axis 31 the measuring probe 25 arranged.

It is understood that depending on the geometry, especially depending on the inner diameter 39 the bore 22 also more than three sensors 42 or more than three as a sensor carrier 41.1 functioning fixation 51.1 to 51.4 in a single probe 25 can be integrated. For example, in the in the 7 to 10 embodiment shown four as a sensor carrier 41.1 functioning fixation 51.1 to 51.4 each provided a tactile probe 26.1 to 26.4 wear and in the same circumference angles 30.2 of 90 degrees around the longitudinal axis 31 the measuring probe 25 spaced apart from each other.

However, it can also, such as in 8th shown schematically, only two as a sensor carrier 41.1 functioning fixation 51.1 . 51.2 each with a tactile probe 26.1 . 26.2 as well as a sensor carrier 41.2 for an optical sensor 44 be provided, these sensors 42 respectively the two fixation bodies 51.1 and 51.2 as well as the sensor carrier 41.2 for the optical sensor 44 in the same circumferential angles 30.1 of 120 degrees around the longitudinal axis 31 the measuring probe 25 spaced apart from each other can be arranged.

Finally, as in the 9 and 11 shown an arrangement of probes 42 be provided such that three as a sensor carrier 41.1 for one tactile probe each 26.1 to 26.3 functioning fixation 51.1 to 51.3 as well as a sensor carrier 41.2 with an optical sensor 44 be provided, these four sensors 42 , respectively the three fixation bodies 51.1 to 51.3 and the sensor carrier 41.2 for the optical sensor 44 again in the same circumferential angles 30.2 of 90 degrees around the longitudinal axis 31 the measuring probe 25 can be arranged spaced.

In the in the 1 to 6 shown embodiment, where the probe 25 exclusively with sensor carrier 41.1 for one tactile probe each 26.1 to 26.3 acting fixatives 51.1 to 51.3 is equipped, with three fixing body 51.1 to 51.3 and at least three tactile probes 26.1 to 26.3 are provided, these are three sensor carrier 41.1 respectively these three fixation bodies 51.1 to 51.3 coupled so that they are common from their respective insertion and removal position 46 in their respective measuring position 47 can be transferred or transferred, in which the fixing body 51.1 to 51.3 at the same time in their respective fixing position 56 are located. The same applies to the in the 7 and 10 shown embodiment, where four as a sensor carrier 41.1 for at least four tactile probes 26.1 to 26.4 functioning fixation 51.1 to 51.4 in a single probe 25 are integrated.

However, if, as in the embodiments according to the 8th . 9 and 11 to 13 shown, in addition at least one sensor carrier 41.2 with an optical sensor 44 in the probe 25 is integrated, the coupling of the respective takes place as a sensor carrier 41.1 for the tactile probe 26 acting fixing 51 about a mechanism 45.1 and the coupling of the here only sensor carrier 41.2 for the optical sensor 44 takes place by means of another mechanism 45.2 such that the respective fixing body 51 with the only sensor carrier here 41.2 for the optical sensor 44 are not coupled while the respective fixing body 51 are still coupled to each other in such a way that they share their respective insertion and removal position 46 . 46.1 in their respective fixation position 56 , respectively in their respective measuring position 47 . 47.1 are transferable or be transferred and possibly vice versa.

In the in the 1 to 6 embodiment shown are the handlebars 57.1 . 57.2 around a rotation axis 109 rotatably directly on the support body 40 hinged and are about a rotation axis 110 rotatably directly on the respective fixing body 51.1 to 51.3 hinged. The handlebars 57.1 . 57.2 are here as a double link 85.1 . 85.2 with two handlebar arms each 86.1 . 86.2 designed, on sides facing away from each other of the respective Fixierkörpers 51 over the axes of rotation 110 are hinged to these rotatable. The handlebar arms 86.1 . 86.2 are rigid with each other via a cross connector 87 connected and extend from this starting in the same direction and parallel to each other. With the cross connector 87 is, approximately centrally arranged, a lever arm 54 rigidly connected, starting from and opposite the handlebars 86.1 . 86.2 extends in an opposite direction. The respective lever arm 54 has a free actuating or control end 89 on. This control end 89 is here with a transversely projecting control cam 88.1 designed, in which a longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 movable control 80 can be brought to the plant to the respective handlebars 57.1 . 57.2 to operate or deflect.

The, in the 1 to 6 shown handlebar 57.1 . 57.2 , But also in particular in the embodiments according to the 12 and 13 shown handlebar 58.1 to 58.4 So are by means of a longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 movable control 80 to their respective firmly indirectly or directly with the support body 40 connected rotary axis 109 respectively. 111 rotatable so that upon movement of the control 80 longitudinal 36 the measuring probe 25 the respective, a sensor carrier 41.1 for the tactile probe 26 forming fixation body 51 and / or the sensor carrier 41.2 for the optical sensor 44 , from his or her insertion and removal position 46 ; 46.1 . 46.2 in his or her fixation position 56 and / or measuring position 47 ; 47.1 . 47.2 are movable or to be moved.

At the control 80 In the exemplary embodiments shown, this is a nut provided with an internal thread 81 attached to the support body 40 longitudinal 36 the measuring probe 25 guided axially displaceable, but against rotation about the longitudinal axis 31 the measuring probe 25 , respectively about the longitudinal axis of the support body 40 is secured and on a matching external thread 84 having spindle 83 is included. The spindle 83 is here preferably in the tube designed as a support body 40 taken and whose longitudinal axis coincides with the longitudinal axis 31 the measuring probe 25 together.

The spindle 83 is by means of a motor 55 around its longitudinal axis 31 rotatable, at the one of the introductory 38 the measuring probe 25 pointing away end of the spindle 83 is arranged and which is preferably coupled thereto via a coupling. The motor 55 is stuck here with a not in the hole 52 to be introduced bearing part 106 connected, in turn, fixed to the support body 40 connected is. This bearing part 106 is over camp 107 at a La geraufnahme 108 a fixing device, also referred to as fixation goggles 95 stored. In this way, the probe 25 about its longitudinal axis 31 relative to the device Fixiereinrich 95 and the camp admission 108 containing measuring head part 92 arbitrarily, ie rotated by at least 360 degrees and in opposite directions of rotation by motor. For this purpose, with the measuring head part 92 another engine 93 firmly connected, via a drive gear a toothed belt 105 drives, in turn, with a the bearing part 106 surrounding output gear is engaged, so that rotation of the drive gear by means of the motor 93 to a rotation of the probe 25 around its longitudinal axis 31 leads. The fixing device 95 may preferably by means of engaging in matching holes fixing pins in the correct position and centered on the bore to be tested 22 containing workpiece 24 be releasably secured and may also be optionally secured there with additional fixing and / or clamping means. In this way, so the measuring probe 25 over the the fixing device 95 having measuring head part 92 of the measuring head 21 firmly with the workpiece 24 be connected.

If the spindle 83 using the engine 55 around its longitudinal axis 31 is put into a rotation, which is a movement of the mother 81 designed control 80 here in the direction of the introductory 38 the measuring probe 25 Gone away, the mother comes 81 at the free end of the lever arm 54 , respectively on its control cam 88.1 to the plant. In the course of a further rotation of the engine 55 in the same direction of rotation, there is accordingly a further axial movement of the nut 81 in the direction of the engine 55 and accordingly to a rotation of the handlebars 57.1 . 57.2 about their axes of rotation 109 such that these starting from one of the insertion and removal position of the fixing 51.1 to 51.3 corresponding position can be pivoted to a second position in which the fixing 51.1 to 51.3 then at a greater distance to the support body 40 are located and in which the fixing body 51.1 . 51.3 Exercise pressure forces on the surface 23 the bore 22 at this support, so then in their respective fixation 56 are located. In this fixation position 56 can then use the microstructure measurements on the surface 23 the bore 22 using the three tactile probes here 26.1 to 26.3 vibration or vibration damped performed.

For the purpose of repositioning the probe 25 for further microstructure measurements or for the purpose of removing the measuring probe 25 out of the hole 22 , for example, the engine 55 be disconnected or can the connection between the engine and the spindle 83 be solved for example in the coupling, so that then the respective fixing 56 supported by one in the 1 to 6 spring not shown in detail in its insertion and removal position 46 can be traced back, as for example in 4 is shown. For this purpose, the spindle 83 preferably with a non-self-locking external thread 84 be provided.

An alternative embodiment of a handlebar design and handlebar assembly is in the 12 and 13 shown. There are the respective sensor carriers 41.1 . 41.2 Although also with the help of two handlebars 58.1 . 58.2 such as 58.3 . 58.4 on the support body 40 hinged, but there each indirectly via an auxiliary link 59.1 to 59.4 one end of a fixed to the support body 40 connected rotary axis 116 on the support body 40 is rotatably articulated and the other end about a rotation axis 111 rotatably on the respective main link or handlebar 58.1 to 58.4 is articulated. These handlebars 58.1 to 58.4 extend from the axis of rotation 111 in opposite directions here, with a first link arm 60.1 and with a second link arm 60.2 , The respective handlebar 58.1 to 58.4 is with his handlebar arm 60.2 over one in the region of its end and at a distance from the axis of rotation 111 arranged axis of rotation 113 at the respective sensor carrier 41.1 . 41.2 pivoted about this, while the other handlebar 60.1 of the respective driver 58.1 to 58.4 one also at a distance from the axis of rotation 111 arranged axis of rotation 112 rotatable on the support body 40 is articulated. This rotation axis 112 is relative to the support body 40 in the longitudinal direction 53 slidable on the support body 40 , guided here in a longitudinal slot. At the end of the first link arm 60.1 is in each case a transversely projecting control cam 88.2 mounted on the turn, a nut provided with an internal thread 81 on a spindle with a suitable external thread 83 is recorded, is optionally brought to the plant. This means in the embodiment shown that by means of a control 80 for the handlebars 58.1 to 58.4 training mother 81 either with the fixing body or bodies 51 connected handlebars 58.1 . 58.2 or the one with the sensor carrier 41.2 or the probe carriers for one optical sensor each 44 connected handlebars 58.3 . 58.4 from their respective insertion and removal position 46.1 . 46.2 in their respective fixation position 56 and at the same time measuring position 47.1 related to the one or the sensor carrier 41.1 for the tactile probe (s) 26 forming fixation 51 or at the same time in a measuring position 47.2 of the sensor carrier 41.2 or the sensor carrier for the optical sensor 44 or for the optical sensors can be transferred.

The respective return movement, ie the movement tion of the respective sensor carrier 41.1 . 41.2 from their respective measuring position 47.1 . 47.2 in their respective insertion and removal position 46.1 . 46.2 takes place automatically with the help of springs 90 . 91 , Here is the spring 90 the handlebars 58.1 . 58.2 for the one sensor carrier 41.1 for the tactile probe 26 forming fixation 51 assigned while the spring 91 at the sensor carrier 51.2 for the optical sensor 44 hinged handlebars 58.3 . 58.4 assigned. These feathers 90 and 91 are in the 12 and 13 each schematically drawn in conjunction with a force arrow, which points in different, here in opposite directions.

In the illustration according to 12 is the mother 81 in a position in which they on the control cam 88.2 of the handlebar 58.1 for the fixation body 51 is applied, wherein the fixing body 51 in this position the mother 81 in his measuring position 47.1 and at the same time his fixation position 56 is transferred, in which the fixing body 51 here by means of two investment elements 66.1 . 66.2 a supporting body 65 on the surface 23 the bore 22 is applied. Will now be the mother 81 , starting from the in 12 shown position on the spindle 83 by appropriate rotation of the spindle 83 moved to the left, so are the axes of rotation 112 at the fixing body 51 over the axes of rotation 113 articulated handlebars 58.1 . 58.2 in the associated slots 118 in the direction of the force arrow of the spring 90 moved, so that at the same time the handlebars 58.1 . 58.2 around its axis of rotation 111 relative to the respective auxiliary link 59.1 . 59.2 be turned into a position as they are in 13 is shown and in which the fixing body 51 in an insertion and removal position 46.1 located. In the course of another rotation of the spindle 83 in the same direction of rotation and, accordingly, a further transverse movement of the nut 81 in one direction from the control cam 88.2 of the handlebar 58.1 away, the other side of the mother arrives 81 in contact with the control cam 88.2 at the sensor carrier 41.2 for the optical sensor 44 articulated handlebar 58.4 , In the course of this further movement of the mother 81 becomes this handlebar 58.4 starting from the in 12 shown position in which the sensor carrier 41.2 for the optical sensor 44 in an insertion and removal position 46.2 located in the in 13 shown measuring position 47.2 transferred. In this measuring position 47.2 the two are as distance and support elements 61.1 . 61.2 acting roles 63.1 . 63.2 around the aligned axes of rotation 64.1 and 64.2 are rotatable and in this measuring position 47.2 parallel to the surface 23 the bore 22 are arranged on the surface 23 the bore 22 so that in this measurement position 47.2 a through the radii of the rollers 63.1 . 63.2 certain distance 62 between the optical sensor 44 and the surface 23 the bore 22 is set. At this predetermined distance 62 So then can the probe 25 together with its at least one optical sensor 44 around its longitudinal axis 31 preferably using the engine 93 arbitrarily, ie in particular rotated by at least 360 degrees and in opposite directions of rotation, so that in the respectively set height or depth of the surface 23 The hole can be fully visually inspected.

In the said measuring position 47.2 of the sensor carrier 41.2 for the optical sensor 44 is the fixation body 51 together with the tactile probe 26 in an insertion and removal position 46.1 ie at a distance to the surface 23 the bore 22 , so in the course of an optical inspection of the surface 23 the bore 22 especially the sensitive stylus tip 27 the tactile probe 26 can not be damaged. The sensor carriers for the optical sensors 44 may according to a preferred embodiment with a first carrier part 77 and a second carrier part 78 be designed, preferably via a leaf spring 76 are resiliently coupled together. The first carrier part 77 includes or then carries the axes of rotation 113 the driver 58.3 . 58.4 and the second carrier part 78 then preferably carries directly the optical sensor.

The exact construction of the as a sensor carrier 41.1 functioning fixing 51 and the tactile probe supported by it 26 is especially in the 14 to 16 shown. The fixation body 51 includes a feed body 29 , in or on which a feed device 35 recorded with a motor not shown in detail, with their or the help of the tactile probe 26 for the purpose of detecting the microstructure of the surface to be tested 23 the bore 22 longitudinal 36 the measuring probe in one the longitudinal axis 119 the bore 22 or the longitudinal axis 31 the measuring probe 25 contained level is movable or is moved.

The tactile probe 26 includes an elongated sensing arm 49 that at the feed device 35 around a rotation axis 103 is hinged. The probe arm 49 indicates at its from the feed device 35 wegweisenden end a transversely, preferably perpendicular to the probe arm 49 extending stylus 48 on. The stylus 48 has a stylus tip at its free end 27 for detecting the microstructure of the surface to be tested 23 the bore 22 on. The probe tip 27 of the probe arm 49 is supported during the microstructure measurement by the spring force of a spring 102 on the surface 23 the bore 22 in the 15 is indicated schematically with her power arrow.

The feed device 35 is about a here designed as a leaf spring another spring 73 to the feed body 29 attached and is worn by this. The one by this spring 73 applied force arrow is in 15 in connection with the spring again schematically illustrated there 73 located. This force arrow faces the force arrow of the spring 102 in an opposite direction.

The feed device 35 except that carries the stylus 48 containing Tastarm 49 also a skid arm 71 , The skid arm 71 can by using the feed device 35 simultaneously, ie simultaneously with the probe arm 49 to be moved in one direction. The skid arm 71 indicates at its from the feed device 35 one end pointing away in the area of the stylus tip 27 the tactile probe 26 arranged skid 72 on. This skid 72 is due to the spring force of the spring 73 on a flat reference surface 74 a reference body 75 pressed. The reference surface 74 points in the fixation position 56 of the fixation body 51 towards the surface 23 the bore 22 and is in this fixation position 56 parallel to the surface 23 the bore 22 arranged.

The reference body 75 is from a support body 65 worn in the area of the probe tip 27 the tactile probe is arranged and over which the fixing 51 in his fixation position 56 on the surface 23 the bore 22 supported. For this purpose, the support body 65 here two arranged at a distance from each other investment elements 66.1 . 66.2 on, which are rigidly connected here. The investment elements 66.1 and 66.2 are in the fixation position 56 of the fixation body 51 in a common plane 67 arranged, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis 119 the bore 22 is formed and which the longitudinal axis 119 the bore 22 contains. The supporting body 65 is about a pendulum bearing 69 around a rotation axis 70 rotatable on the feed body 29 hinged and is supported by this. The rotation axis 70 is in the fixation position 56 of the fixing body approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 119 the bore 22 arranged. The supporting body 65 is detachable with the feed body 29 connected so that the support body 65 can be replaced if necessary.

For the purpose of an advantageous vibration damping is the Tastspitze 27 the tactile probe 26 at least in the fixation position 56 of the fixation body 51 between the two then on the surface 23 the bore 22 adjacent plant elements 66.1 and 66.2 arranged and is there while performing the microstructure measurement on the surface 23 the bore 22 moving along, in a measuring range 68 that is between the two investment elements 66.1 and 66.2 located. The measuring range 68 is therefore preferably on a range between the investment elements 66.1 and 66.2 , respectively their abutments on the surface 23 the bore 22 limited, so in terms of its length expansion is preferably smaller than the distance between the two contact elements 66.1 . 66.2 , respectively smaller than the distance between their contact points on the surface 23 the bore 22 ,

The measuring device 20 points to the introductory 38 the measuring probe 25 a cleaning device 97 for cleaning, in particular for blowing off and / or for stripping off the surface 23 the bore 22 in order to clean this surface, in particular before performing a microstructure measurement can. Such a cleaning device 97 is suitably on the support body 40 releasably attached, so depending on the cleaning tasks and / or depending on the measurement conditions, in particular depending on the inner diameter 39 the bore 22 be replaced.

According to the in the 1 to 5 the preferred embodiment shown is the cleaning device 97 with one of two circular disc parts 98.1 and 98.2 formed circular disk 98 designed to have an outside diameter 101 which is preferably slightly smaller than the inner diameter 39 the bore 22 , The circular disk 98 is with a ring slot open to the outside 99 designed by the air and / or gas for the purpose of blowing off the surface 23 the bore 22 can be guided through. The air and / or the gas can be suitably carried out in the support body designed as a tube 40 guided, not shown in detail tube are fed to the central opening 120 the cleaning device 97 can be connected. The one circular disc part 98.1 is opposite to the other circular disc part 98.2 using spacers 100 under formation of the ring slot 99 arranged at a distance from each other, so that through the central opening 120 incoming air and / or gas flowing there in the space between the two circular disc parts 98.1 and 98.2 can spread and then on the here fully outwardly open annular slot 99 here diagonally towards the surface 23 the adjacent hole can be discharged.

It is understood that the cleaning device may alternatively or additionally be provided with a circumferential scraper, which may preferably be designed with a scraper rubber and / or with Abstreiferborsten. It is further understood that the measuring probe 25 relative to the measuring head part firmly connected to it 92 also by means of a motor along the longitudinal axis 119 the bore is movable or can be moved. This motor can also serve the tactile probe 26 for the purpose the detection of the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 in the longitudinal direction of the bore 22 to move, so that, if necessary, the separate and from the respective fixing body 51 carried feed devices 35 can be omitted. In other words, it can also be provided that the tactile probe 26 for the purpose of detecting the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 exclusively by means of the aforementioned motor in the longitudinal direction of the bore 22 to be moved.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is possible to use several devices according to the invention 20 for measuring the microstructure of surfaces 23 of holes 22 in a common measuring station, the microstructure of the surfaces 23 the several holes 22 preferably simultaneously by means of the measuring devices 20 the measuring station are measured.

Using one or more of the measuring devices described above 20 can the inventive method for measuring the microstructure, in particular the roughness of surfaces 23 of cylindrical holes 22 of workpieces 24 For example, of engine cylinders 28 carry out. It can by using a measuring head 21 having measuring device 20 which one in the hole 22 insertable probe with multiple tactile probes 26 each with at least one Tastspitze 27 for detecting the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 exhibits the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 using the multiple stylus tips 27 the multiple tactile probe 26 of these probes 26 containing measuring probe 25 in particular in time with a production line, preferably simultaneously from a plurality of tactile measuring probes 26 be recorded.

To carry out this measurement method, for example, on a frame 94 or by using the fixer 95 directly on the workpiece 24 attached probe 25 of the measuring head 21 manually, electronically or software-controlled with the introductor 38 the measuring probe 25 ahead into the cylinder bore 22 be introduced. Here are the sensor carriers 41.1 for the tactile probe 26.1 to 26.4 and the optionally additionally provided sensor carrier 51.2 for one or more optical sensors 44 in an insertion and removal position 46 ; 46.1 . 46.2 , These are then so in a direction of the central support body 40 or at this applied position in which the measuring probe 25 non-contact into the bore 22 can be introduced. After setting or reaching a certain measurement height or depth are for the purpose of detecting the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 using tactile probes 26 , their respective as sensor carrier 41.1 acting fixing 51.1 to 51.4 from their respective insertion and removal position 46.1 in their respective measuring position 47.1 and at the same time their respective fixation position 56 in which a measurement of the characteristic values of the bore 23 using tactile probes 26 is possible or takes place, wherein the fixing 51.1 to 51.4 for fixing the measuring probe 25 relative to the bore 22 serve. The fixation body 51.1 to 51.4 be using a mechanism 45 ; 45.1 from an insertion and removal position 46 ; 46.1 in a fixation position 56 transferred, in which they are on the surface 23 the bore 23 applying pressure forces to the surface of the bore 22 at this support, so that then the probe 25 in the fixation position 56 against movements relative to the bore 22 is fixed. So if according to this preferred variant of the method as a sensor carrier 51.1 for the tactile probe 26 serving fixing body 51 firmly on the cylinder wall or the surface 23 the cylindrical bore 22 under fixation or clamping of the entire measuring probe 25 relative to the bore 22 firmly abut, the actual microstructure profile measurement of the surface 23 the bore 22 using tactile probes 26.1 to 26.4 be performed. This can be achieved by the fact that each with at least one Tastspitze 27.1 to 27.4 provided tactile probe 26.1 to 26.4 by means of their respective feed device 35 simultaneously over the surface 23 the bore 22 be moved or pulled while the microstructure of the surface 23 using the stylus tips 27.1 to 27.4 the tactile probe 26.1 to 26.4 is detected. Subsequently, the tactile probes can 26.1 to 26.4 , respectively their as sensor carrier 41.1 serving fixing body 51.1 to 51.4 , using the mechanism 45 ; 45.1 radially from the surface 23 The hole will be pulled back a little so that then the entire probe 25 can be moved by rotation in the circumferential direction and / or by movement in the axial direction to the next preferably pre-programmed measuring position. In this way, so can microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 a workpiece 24 using multiple tactile probes 26.1 to 26.4 also and just integrated into one the production of this workpiece 24 relevant production line are recorded or measured within the required time cycle with the required statistical power.

An inspection or scanning of the surface 23 the bore 22 on defects or the optical detection of a honing structure of the hole 22 it is useful to carry out in a separate process, for example, after performing the microstructure measurement. For this purpose, the measuring probe 25 at a desired axial height or depth within the bore 22 , For example, by a full extent, that is rotated by at least 360 degrees, and thereby the op be carried out. It is understood that the device 20 It may also be equipped with further data acquisition modules or sensors, for example with at least one vibration sensor and / or with at least one temperature sensor and / or with at least one camera 104 ,

With the device according to the invention 20 can also be beneficial any vibrations of the probe 25 and / or the surface 23 the bore 22 be measured. For this purpose, the measuring probe 25 with a vibration sensor 33 be equipped to measure such vibrations. For this, according to an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the tactile probe 26.1 as such a vibration sensor 33 be used. The measurement of the vibrations can then take place, for example, such that the probe tip 27.1 as a tactile probe 26.1 trained vibration sensor 33 during the measurement, ie parallel to the measurement of the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 using at least one additional tactile probe 26.2 to 26.4 , relative to the surface 23 the bore 22 at least in the longitudinal direction of the bore 22 is held fixed during time parallel to the Tastspitze 27.2 to 27.4 the at least one other tactile probe 26.2 to 26.4 for the purpose of detecting the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 is moved along the same preferably in the longitudinal direction. For this purpose, all tactile probes 26.1 to 26.4 preferably as a sensor carrier 41.1 serving fixing bodies 51.1 to 51.4 be attached and worn by these. These fixation bodies 51.1 to 51.4 are then during the vibration measurement and during the time-parallel possible measurement of the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 each in their fixing position 56 transferred, in which so the fixing body 51.1 to 51.4 and the probe 25 against movements relative to the bore 22 are held fixed or clamped. Then, for the purpose of vibration measurement that tactile probe 26.1 which acts as a vibration sensor 23 serves, with his stylus tip 27.1 to the surface 23 the bore 22 be created without the probe tip 27.1 over the surface 23 the bore 22 must be moved or is to any occurring vibrations of the probe 25 and / or the surface 23 the bore 22 to capture or measure. The optional feed device 35 for this tactile probe 26.1 So it remains preferably for the vibration measurement out of service. In contrast to this, advantageously, time-parallel to the vibration measurement by means of this as a vibration sensor 33 acting tactile probe 26.1 the other tactile probes 26.2 to 26.4 by means of this respectively associated feed device 35 preferably in the longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 be moved, so their associated fixation 51.2 to 51.4 against movements relative to the surface 23 the bore 22 be kept fixed. In this advantageous manner, therefore, while performing a microstructure measurement of the surface 23 the bore 22 at the same time possible vibrations of the measuring probe 25 and / or the surface 23 the bore 22 a workpiece 24 be measured so that any vibrations occurring during the microstructure measurement using the vibration sensor 33 can be detected and calculated out, for example, by means of suitable computer-aided method, so that as a result, a high-precision measurement of the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 even possible if the probe 25 and / or the surface 23 the bore 22 especially in rough practice operation of a workpiece production vibration is exposed.

As in the embodiments according to the 17 and 18 shown schematically, may alternatively or additionally to the over the circumference of the probe 25 spaced apart tactile probes 26.1 to 26.4 also several in axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 spaced from each other tactile probe 126.1 to 126.3 be provided. In the embodiments shown, several of the tactile probes are 126.1 to 126.3 with a common feed device 157 coupled, with the help of which they together in the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 or the bore 22 are movable or to be moved. It is understood that also in the 1 to 13 shown measuring probe 25 alternatively or additionally with several tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 may be equipped, which in the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 spaced apart from each other and / or with multiple tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 may be provided with a common feed device 157 , For example, a carriage, are coupled, with the help of which they together in the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 or the bore 22 are movable or to be moved. At the feed device 157 it is expediently an engine 158 , but also several motors can be provided.

As can be seen, the tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 at a common, longitudinal or axial direction 36 the measuring probe 25 extending support body 129 attached and preferably be worn by this. In this support body 129 it can be a work spindle 130 and / or one of the sensor carriers 41 and / or one of the fixing body 51 and / or a probe carrier 132 act.

In the in the 17 and 18 shown embodiments, each with a work spindle 130 trained support body 129 by means of a common feed device 127 (Engine 128 ) in the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 to be moved. At the with an external thread 131 provided work spindle 130 are the tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 each one with a matching internal thread 134 provided body 133 , preferably in the form of a mother 135 stored. In this way, by means of the common feed device 127 or with the help of the engine 128 the respective work spindle 130 be rotated about its longitudinal axis, creating a common feed of the tactile probe 126.1 to 126.3 or whose feed body can be reached in a direction corresponding to the respective thread pitch or direction of rotation. In this way, over several, in the longitudinal direction or axial direction of the bore 22 spaced measuring fields with the help of tactile measuring probes 126.1 to 126.3 the microstructure surface profile of the surface 23 the bore 23 synchronous, ie simultaneously with the help of the probe tips 127.1 . 127.2 . 127.3 in the longitudinal or axial direction 36 spaced tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 be recorded.

At the in 17 schematically shown embodiment is the longitudinal or axial direction 36 the measuring probe 25 each spaced apart probes 126.1 to 126.3 a common reference body 175 assigned. This extends in the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 and has a common reference plane 174 for all of this reference body 175 associated tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 on. Each of the tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 or each of their feed body is supported here by two arranged at a longitudinal distance from one another plant elements 166.1 and 166.2 , which are each designed here with skids, on the common reference plane 174 of the common reference body 175 from. That way, with the help of any of the tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 the microstructure, in particular the roughness of the surface 23 the bore 22 be recorded easily, quickly and inexpensively. In the in the 17 and 18 shown embodiments, where the microstructure to be measured surface 23 the bore 22 a straight longitudinal contour 33 has, accordingly, the reference plane 174 the reference body 175 a straight longitudinal contour 176 on, so while capturing the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 the stylus tips 127.1 . 127.2 . 127.3 or the tactile probes 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 need not be tracked over any major distances. Advantageously, the reference body 175 firmly with the feed device 157 or the engine 158 be connected.

In the in 18 shown alternative embodiment of an arrangement of several in the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 spaced apart tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 These are tactile probes 126.1 to 126.3 each via a solid-state joint 180 with one in the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 extending probe carrier 132 firmly connected. Here are the solid joints 180 each designed in such a way that the tactile probes firmly connected with them 126.1 to 126.3 each a plane movement relative to the common here Meßstasterträger 132 For example, as shown here, using one as a work spindle 130 designed common seed supporting body 129 in the longitudinal or axial direction 36 the bore 22 along the longitudinal contour 33 or the surface 23 the bore 22 with their stylus tips 127.1 to 127.3 to be moved along.

In the in 18 embodiment shown are the solid state joints 180 each with two leaf springs 184.1 and 184.2 educated. These are at one end with the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 extending probe carrier 132 firmly connected and are the other end firmly with the respective probe 126.1 to 126.3 , respectively their respective feed bodies firmly connected.

In the in the 17 to 19 The embodiments shown are in the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 spaced apart tactile probe 126.1 to 126.3 and the feed device 157 and the support body 129 combined into a single unit. In the case of in 17 In the embodiment shown, this unit is supplemented by the reference body 175 and in the case of in 18 In the embodiment shown, the aforementioned unit is supplemented by the solid-state joints 180 or the leaf springs 184.1 and 184.2 and the probe carrier 132 , These units or building units can advantageously also be connected to or into or from one of the in the 1 to 16 shown sensor carrier 41 ; 41.1 . 41.1 and / or fixing body 51 ; 51.1 to 51.4 be included. Such an embodiment with combined tactile probes 26 ; 26.1 to 26.4 and 126.1 to 126.3 show the 19 , It is understood, however, that the in 19 unlike the 1 to 16 shown components individually or in combination with the in the 1 to 16 shown components or instead of these components, and vice versa, can be used. For example, in 19 one in the hole 22 insertable probe 25 shown which via a clutch 185 fixed, but detachable with a measuring head part 192 is connectable or connected. The said measuring head part 192 can be a device 138 , for example in the form of a motor 93 or more Motors, for moving the probe 25 in the axial or longitudinal direction 36 the bore 22 and / or in the circumferential direction of the bore 22 and / or to rotate the probe 25 around its longitudinal axis 31 exhibit. If the probe 25 arranged in a prescribed or desired measuring position within the bore and there preferably with the help of the fixing 51 is fixed, the clutch can 185 be solved. In this way, the probe can 25 while measuring the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 with the help of the tactile probe 26 ; 126 from the measuring head part 192 be decoupled so that the probe 25 then advantageously decoupled during the entire measurement period of external vibrations, such as occur frequently in a manufacturing environment.

The example of in 19 shown embodiment of a measuring device according to the invention 20 is also illustrated that the probe 25 at her introductory 38 a preferably disc-shaped Absaughilfskörper 193 may have, the outer diameter 194 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter 39 the bore 22 so that the probe 25 with the Absaughilfskörper 193 into the hole 22 forming an annular gap 199 between the Absaughilfskörper 193 and the bore wall 34 the bore 22 is insertable. It is understood that the here as a circular disk 198 designed Absaughilfskörper 193 also as one or with a cleaning device 97 can be shaped, as for example in the 1 to 5 shown and described in the associated description parts.

As in 19 indicated schematically, can in the region of that bore end of the bore 22 , which in the hole 22 introduced measuring probe 25 opposite, a vacuum or suction device 195 be provided, with the help of which air and / or gas through the annular gap 199 between the Absaughilfskörper 193 and the bore wall 34 the bore 22 is sucked to clean the surface 23 the bore 22 to be able to effect or cause. To contamination of the probe or the tactile probe 26 . 126 especially with oil mist to avoid the suction device 195 Preferably arranged such that with their help the air and / or gas in the insertion direction 177 the measuring probe 25 is sucked away from this or is sucked.

Such as in 11 shown, the probe can 25 at least a first optical sensor 44 exhibit, with which the surface 23 the bore 22 is detected at a low resolution and is detected and can at least a second optical sensor 144 which is preferably a camera 104 acts with or with the surface 23 the bore 22 can be detected or recorded with a high or higher resolution. In this case, advantageously, in a first step with the aid of the first optical sensor 44 the surface 23 the bore 22 be detected over a large part of its circumference, preferably over its entire circumference, so over at least 360 degrees, in a relatively low resolution of, for example, 300 dpi and in a second step, with the aid of the second optical sensor 144 , or the camera 104 , at one point or at several points of the hole 22 their local surface 23 in a high or higher resolution of 4,800 dpi, for example.

In the in 20 shown embodiment of a measuring device according to the invention 20 this is with a protection designed as a protective cover 200 fitted. This protects the sensitive tactile probes, of which two probes 126.1 and 126.2 are shown, against contamination with impurities, especially dust, which may be present in the ambient or outdoor air or is present.

The protective device is preferably attached to a measuring head part, which is in the 1 to 5 . 10 . 11 and 19 shown and described above head part 92 or 192 can act. The protection device 200 but also on a holder for the measuring head 20 , for example, at the in 19 shown and described above head support 137 be attached. The protection device 200 is hood-shaped or bell-shaped and surrounds the in the bore 22 insertable probe 25 also in the field of tactile probes 126.1 . 126.2 fully with respect to the longitudinal axis 31 the measuring probe 25 , The protection device 200 has one to introduce 38 the measuring probe 25 open first opening 201 and has a second opening in the area of its other end 202 on, by the one or the supporting body 40 for the tactile probe 126.1 . 126.2 here sealed through occurs. Furthermore, the Schutzvorrich device 200 one with an air filter 210 , in particular with a dust filter, provided through opening 211 on, through which air into the shelter 212 can be directed.

The measuring probe 25 points in the area of its introductory part 38 one, preferably plate-shaped, in particular as a circular disk 298 designed, closing body 203 on. The circular disk 298 of the final body 203 can also be like in the 1 to 5 and / or in 19 can be shown and described above, so can also for the realization of in connection with in the 1 to 5 and 19 shown circular disks 98 . 198 standing functions the NEN.

The closing body 203 lies in the in 20 shown position of the probe 25 sealing on a here separate ring seal 204 on, preferably on the protection device 200 is attached and attached to the fender 200 is sealed off so that the tactile probe 126.2 . 126.2 in this position in one of the protection device 200 , the closing body 203 and the ring seal 200 limited shelter 212 are located. The ring seal 200 has an outer diameter 205 on, which is larger than the inner diameter 39 the bore 22 and lies on a hole edge 206 the bore 22 fully sealed. In other words, the tactile probes 126.1 . 126.2 or is the measuring probe 25 protected at least in the idle state or in the rest position with respect to the possibly, in particular contaminated with dust outside air, the here via a designed as a dust filter air filter 210 filtered into the shelter 212 and optionally, after a transfer of the tactile probe into the bore, can also get into the measuring room.

The protection device 200 is preferably formed with elastic and / or with relatively movable parts, so that they are in the longitudinal direction 36 the measuring probe 25 in particular compressible and / or compressible and / or collapsible and stretchable again and / or pulled apart again and / or can be pushed apart again and vice versa. The protective device is preferred 200 designed in the manner of a bellows, for example made of folded plastic, or with a bellows and / or tubular, in particular with or from telescopically displaceable relative to each other, preferably designed with pipe segments or pipe segments as parts.

So if the probe 25 along with their tactile probes 126.1 . 126.2 starting from a rest position 207 in which are the tactile probes 126.1 . 126.2 not in the hole 22 are in the hole 22 is introduced, the protection device 200 in an in 20 not shown freed position transferred. In this release position, the tactile probes 126.1 . 126.2 still from the protection device 200 be protected against access of contaminated outdoor air, however, are in the outward or towards the bore wall 34 or the surface 23 the bore 22 no longer from the protection device 200 laterally covered, so that then the microstructure of the surface 23 the bore 22 with the help of the tactile probe 126.1 . 126.2 can be detected.

20

measuring device

21

probe

22

drilling

23

Surface of 22

24

workpiece

25

probe

26

probe

26.1

to

26.4

probe

27

prod

27.1

to

27.4

prod

28

engine cylinder

29

feed body

30.1

circumferential angle

31

longitudinal axis

32

Pendulum skid button

33

Longitudinal contour of 22

34

bore wall

35

feeder

36

Longitudinal direction of 25

37

medium for the suppression of vibrations

38

Introductory by 25

39

Inner diameter

40

supporting body

41

Probe carrier

41.1

Probe carrier

41.2

Probe carrier

41.3

Probe carrier

42

probe

44

optical sensor

45

mechanism

45.1

mechanism

45.2

mechanism

46

insertion and removal position

46.1

insertion and removal position

46.2

insertion and removal position

47

measuring position

47.1

measuring position

47.2

measuring position

48

wand

49

Probe arm

51

fixing body

51.1

to

51.5

fixing body

52

lift-off

53

Longitudinal direction of 40

54

Lever arm of 57

55

engine

56

fixing position

57.1

handlebars

57.2

handlebars

58.1

to

58.4

handlebars

59.1

to

59.4

auxiliary link

60.1

first control arm

60.2

second control arm

61.1

distance and support element

61.2

distance and support element

62

distance

63.1

role

63.2

role

64.1

Rotation axis of 63.1

64.2

Rotation axis of 63.2

65

support body

66.1

contact element

66.2

contact element

67

level

68

measuring range (Double arrow)

69

aligning bearing

70

Rotation axis of 65

71

Gleitkufenarm

72

skid

73

feather (Leaf spring)

74

reference surface

75

reference body

76

leaf spring

77

support part

78

support part

80

control

81

mother

82

Internal thread of 81

83

spindle

84

External thread of 83

85.1

double link

85.2

double link

86.1

control arm

86.2

control arm

87

Cross connector

88.1

control cam

88.2

control cam

89

control end

90

feather

92

Measuring head

93

engine

94

frame

95

fixing

97

cleaning device

98

disc

98.1

Circular plate portion

98.2

Circular plate portion

99

ring slot

100

spacer

101

Outside diameter of 98

102

feather

103

Rotation axis of 49

104

camera

105

toothed belt

106

bearing part

107

camp

108

bearing seat

109

axis of rotation

110

axis of rotation

111

axis of rotation

112

axis of rotation

113

axis of rotation

116

axis of rotation

117

axis of rotation

118

slot

119

Longitudinal axis of 22

120

opening

121

probe

126.1

probe

126.2

probe

126.3

probe

127.1

prod

127.2

prod

127.3

prod

129

supporting body

130

work spindle

131

External thread of 130

132

Probe carrier

133

body

134

Internal thread of 133

135

mother

137

Measuring head mount

138

Facility

144

second optical sensor

157

feeder (Carriage)

158

engine

166.1

contact element

166.2

contact element

174

reference plane

175

reference body

176

Longitudinal contour of 174

177

insertion

180

Solid joint

184.1

leaf spring

184.2

leaf spring

185

clutch

192

Measuring head

193

Absaughilfskörper

194

Outside diameter of 193

195

suction

198

disc

199

gap

200

guard

201

first opening of 200

202

second opening of 200

203

closing component

204

ring seal

205

Outside diameter of 205

206

Bore edge of 22

207

position

208

protective position

210

air filter (Dust filter)

211

Through opening

212

shelter

298

disc

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 4872269 [0003]

Claims (87)

Method for measuring the microstructure, in particular the roughness of surfaces ( 23 ) of cylindrical bores ( 22 ) of workpieces ( 24 ), for example engine cylinders ( 28 ), using a measuring head ( 21 ) having measuring device ( 20 ), one in the hole ( 22 ) insertable probe ( 25 ) with a tactile probe ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) comprising a stylus tip ( 27 ; 27.1 . 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ; 127.1 . 127.2 . 127.3 ) for detecting the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ), characterized in that the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) using several probe tips ( 27 ; 27.1 . 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ; 127.1 . 127.2 . 127.3 ) of several tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) of these probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) measuring probe ( 25 ), in particular in time with a production line, preferably simultaneously from a plurality of the tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) is detected. Measuring device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, with a measuring head ( 21 ), one in the cylindrical bore ( 22 ) of a workpiece ( 24 ), for example an engine cylinder ( 28 ) insertable probe ( 25 ) with a tactile probe ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ), which has a stylus tip ( 27 ; 27.1 . 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ; 127.1 . 127.2 . 127.3 ) for detecting the microstructure, in particular the roughness of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ), characterized in that the measuring probe ( 25 ) several tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ), each having a stylus tip ( 27 ; 27.1 . 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ; 127.1 . 127.2 . 127.3 ) for detecting the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) exhibit. Measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two of the tactile measuring probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) are arranged and / or designed in such a way that with these a simultaneous measurement of the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is possible. Measuring device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at least two, preferably all tactile measuring probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) over the circumference of the measuring probe ( 25 ) and in preferably equal circumferential angles ( 30.1 . 30.2 ) about the longitudinal axis ( 31 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) are arranged spaced from each other. Measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that the tactile measuring probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) coaxial with the longitudinal axis ( 31 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) are arranged. Measuring device according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the tactile measuring probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) for the purpose of detecting the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) each by means of a feed device ( 35 ; 157 ) in particular in the longitudinal direction ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) preferably by means of a motor ( 158 ) are movable or to be moved. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the measuring probe ( 25 ) a means ( 37 ) for the suppression of vibrations between the tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) and the surface to be measured ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) having. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the measuring probe ( 25 ) a preferably central support body ( 40 ), on which at least one sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 ; 41.3 ), the at least one sensor ( 42 ) for measuring characteristic values of the bore ( 22 ), in particular surface characteristics of the bore ( 22 ), preferably at least one of the tactile measuring probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) for detecting the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) and / or at least one optical sensor ( 44 ) for detecting the honing structure and / or pores and / or scratches of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) and by means of a mechanism ( 45 ; 45.1 . 45.2 ) from its introduction and removal position ( 46 ; 46.1 . 46.2 ), in which the measuring probe ( 25 ) together with the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 . 41.3 ) and the sensor ( 42 ) preferably non-contact into the bore ( 22 ) is insertable, in a measuring position ( 47 ; 47.1 . 47.2 ) is transferable or is transferred, in which a measurement of the characteristics of the bore ( 22 ) using the probe ( 42 ) is possible or takes place, and vice versa. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the measuring probe ( 25 ) a preferably central support body ( 40 ), on which at least one fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) for fixing the measuring probe ( 25 ) relative to the bore ( 22 ) mounted by means of a mechanism ( 45 ; 45.1 ) from an insertion and removal position ( 46 ; 46.1 ), in which the measuring probe ( 25 ) together with the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) preferably non-contact into the bore ( 22 ) and again from the bore ( 22 ) is removable, in a fixing position ( 56 ) is transferable or is transferred, in which the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) on the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) under the exertion of compressive forces on the surface ( 23 ) of the Drilling ( 22 ) is supported on this, so that the measuring probe ( 25 ) in the fixation position ( 56 ) of the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) against movements relative to the bore ( 22 ) is fixed, and vice versa. Measuring device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 . 41.3 ) and / or the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) by means of at least one handlebar ( 57.1 . 57.2 ; 58.1 . 58.2 ; 58.3 . 58.4 ) on the support body ( 40 ) is hinged so that the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 . 41.3 ) and / or the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) relative to the support body ( 40 ) from its introduction and removal position ( 46 ; 46.1 . 46.2 ) in its measuring position ( 47 ; 47.1 . 47.2 ) and / or its fixation position ( 56 ) is spreadable or is spread. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that at least two of the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 . 41.3 ) and / or two of the fixing bodies ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) on the central supporting body ( 40 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) and over the circumference of the supporting body ( 40 ) in circumferential angles ( 30.1 . 30.2 ) about its longitudinal axis ( 31 ) at least in your respective measuring position ( 47 ; 47.1 . 47.2 ) or fixing position ( 56 ) are arranged spaced from each other. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that at least two of the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 . 41.3 ) are coupled in such a way that they act together from their respective insertion and removal positions ( 46.1 ) in their respective measuring position ( 47.1 ) are transferable or transferred, and vice versa. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that at least two of the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) are coupled in such a way that they act together from their respective insertion and removal positions ( 46 ; 46.1 . 46.2 ) in their respective fixing position ( 56 ) are transferable or transferred, and vice versa. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 . 41.3 ) and at least one of the fixing bodies ( 51 ) are coupled in such a way that they act together from their respective insertion and removal positions ( 46.1 . 46.2 ) in their respective measuring position ( 47.1 . 47.2 ) or fixing position ( 56 ) are transferable or transferred, and vice versa. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 . 41.3 ) and / or the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) by means of a motor ( 55 ) of his / her insertion and removal position ( 46.1 . 46.2 ) in his or her measuring position ( 47.1 . 47.2 ) and / or fixation position ( 56 ) are movable or to be moved. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that at least one of the sensors ( 42 ), in particular at least one of the tactile measuring probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) of the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ), so that the sensor ( 42 ) during a movement of the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) from its introduction and removal position ( 46.1 ) in its fixation position ( 56 ), and vice versa, together with the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) is moved. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that at least two of the sensors ( 42 ), especially two of the tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) each of one of the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) are carried over the circumference of the supporting body ( 40 ) in the circumferential direction about its longitudinal axis ( 31 ) at least in their respective fixing position ( 56 ) are arranged spaced from each other, so that the respective sensor ( 42 ) during a movement of the associated fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) from its introduction and removal position ( 46.1 ) in its fixation position ( 56 ), and vice versa, together with the respective fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) is moved. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 17, characterized in that the feed device ( 35 ; 157 ) for the tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) and possibly its engine ( 158 ) of the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ), preferably on or in a feed body ( 29 ) of the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) is or are included. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 18, characterized in that the sensor carrier ( 41.2 ) with at least one spacer and support element ( 61.1 . 61.2 ) for supporting the sensor ( 42 ) in its measuring position ( 47.2 ) on the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) at a predetermined distance ( 62 ) to the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is provided. Measuring device according to claim 19, characterized in that the spacer and support element ( 61.1 . 61.2 ) as a role ( 63.1 . 63.2 ) or ball is designed in the measuring position ( 47.2 ) of the sensor carrier ( 41.2 ) around a surface parallel to the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) extending axis of rotation ( 64.1 . 64.2 ) is rotatable, so that in this measuring position ( 47.2 ) the sensor carrier ( 41.2 ) together with the probe ( 42 ) in a vorbe agreed distance ( 62 ) to the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) about the longitudinal axis ( 119 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is rotatable. Measuring device according to one of claims 9 to 20, characterized in that the fixing body ( 51 ; 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) one in the area of the probe tip ( 27.1 . 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ) the tactile probe ( 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) arranged supporting body ( 65 ), over which the fixing body ( 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) in its fixation position ( 56 ) on the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is supported. Measuring device according to claim 21, characterized in that the supporting body ( 65 ) at least two spaced investment elements ( 66.1 . 66.2 ), which are preferably rigidly connected to each other and in the fixing position ( 56 ) of the fixing body ( 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) on the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) issue. Measuring device according to claim 22, characterized in that the abutment elements ( 66.1 . 66.2 ) in the fixation position ( 56 ) of the fixing body ( 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) in a common plane ( 67 ) are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 119 ) of the bore is formed and preferably the longitudinal axis ( 119 ) of the bore ( 22 ) contains. Measuring device according to one of claims 22 or 23, characterized in that the probe tip ( 27.1 . 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ) of the tactile probe ( 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) in the fixation position ( 56 ) of the fixing body ( 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) between two of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) abutting plant elements ( 66.1 . 66.2 ) and during the microstructure measurement in a measuring range ( 68 ) between the two investment elements ( 66.1 . 66.2 ) on the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is moved along adjacent. Measuring device according to one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that the supporting body ( 65 ) via a swivel or self-aligning bearing ( 69 ) on which the feed device ( 35 ) for the tactile probe ( 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) containing feed body ( 29 ) and is supported by this. Measuring device according to claim 25, characterized in that the supporting body ( 65 ) about a rotation axis ( 70 ) relative to the feed body ( 29 ) is rotatably arranged in the fixing position ( 56 ) of the fixing body ( 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis ( 119 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is arranged. Measuring device according to one of claims 18 to 26, characterized in that the supporting body ( 65 ) detachable with the feed body ( 29 ) connected is. Measuring device according to one of claims 18 to 27, characterized in that the feed body ( 29 ) with one in the direction of the probe tip ( 27.1 . 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ) of the tactile probe ( 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) extending skid arm ( 71 ) connected in the area of the probe tip ( 27.1 . 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ) of the tactile probe ( 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) with a skid ( 72 ) provided by the spring force of a spring ( 73 ) on a reference surface ( 74 ) of a reference body ( 75 ) of the supporting body ( 65 ) is pressed, the skid ( 72 ) during the microstructure measurement simultaneously to a movement of the probe tip ( 27.1 . 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ) along the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) along the reference surface ( 74 ) of the reference body ( 75 ) of the supporting body ( 65 ) is moved. Measuring device according to claim 28, characterized in that the sliding skid arm ( 71 ) by means of a preferably designed as a leaf spring spring ( 73 ) on the feed body ( 29 ) is attached. Measuring device according to one of claims 10 to 29, characterized in that the handlebar ( 57.1 . 57.2 ; 58.1 . 58.2 ; 58.3 . 58.4 ) by means of a longitudinal ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) movable control ( 80 ) around its fixed to the support body ( 40 ) associated rotary axis ( 109 . 111 ) is rotatable so that upon movement of the control ( 80 ) longitudinal ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 . 41.3 ) and / or the fixing body ( 51.1 ) to (51.4) from its entry and removal position ( 46.1 . 46.2 ) in his or her measuring position ( 47.1 . 47.2 ) and / or fixation position ( 56 ) are movable or to be moved. Measuring device according to claim 30, characterized in that the control element ( 80 ) one with an internal thread ( 82 ) mother ( 81 ), which on the support body ( 40 ) longitudinal ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) guided axially displaceable, but against rotation about the longitudinal axis ( 31 ) of the supporting body ( 40 ) or the measuring probe ( 25 ) is secured and on a matching external thread ( 84 ) spindle ( 38 ), preferably by means of a motor ( 55 ) around its longitudinal axis ( 31 ) is rotatable, so that a rotation of the spindle ( 83 ) about its longitudinal axis ( 31 ) to a displacement of the mother ( 81 ) along the spindle ( 83 ) leads. Measuring device according to one of claims 10 to 31, characterized in that the handlebar ( 57.1 . 57.2 ) as a double link ( 85.1 . 85.2 ) with two control arms ( 86.1 . 86.2 ) designed by on other groundbreaking sides of the respective fixing body ( 52.1 . 52.2 . 52.3 . 52.4 ) are articulated. Measuring device according to claim 32, characterized in that the link arms ( 86.1 . 86.2 ) are rigidly connected. Measuring device according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that the double link ( 85.1 . 85.2 ) tuning fork is designed. Measuring device according to one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that the two link arms ( 86.1 . 86.2 ) of the double link ( 85.1 . 85.2 ) via a cross connector ( 87 ) are rigidly connected to each other and extending from this starting in a direction approximately parallel to each other. Measuring device according to one of claims 10 to 35, characterized in that the handlebar ( 58.1 . 58.2 ; 58.3 . 58.4 ) about a rotation axis ( 111 ) rotatable on the support body ( 40 ) is articulated and with both sides of this axis of rotation ( 111 ) in different, preferably opposite directions extending link arms ( 60.1 . 60.2 ), wherein a first link arm ( 60.1 ) of the handlebar ( 58.1 . 58.2 . 58.3 . 58.4 ) one at a distance to its axis of rotation ( 111 ) arranged rotary axis ( 112 ) rotatable on the support body ( 40 ) hinged relative to the support body ( 40 ) in its longitudinal direction ( 53 ) displaceable on the support body ( 40 ), and wherein a second link arm ( 60.2 ) of the handlebar ( 58.1 . 58.2 . 58.3 . 58.4 ) one at a distance to its axis of rotation ( 111 ) arranged rotary axis ( 113 ) on the fixing body ( 51 ) and / or on the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 ) is hinged, and wherein an auxiliary steering ( 59.1 . 59.2 . 59.3 . 59.4 ) about a rotation axis ( 116 ) rotatable on the support body ( 40 ) is hinged and about the axis of rotation ( 111 ) of the handlebar ( 58.1 . 58.2 . 58.3 . 58.4 ) rotatable on the handlebar ( 58.1 . 58.2 . 58.3 . 58.4 ) is articulated. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 36, characterized in that the fixing body ( 51 ) independent of the sensor carrier ( 41.2 ) from its introduction and removal position ( 46.1 ) in its fixation position ( 56 ) is movable or is moved. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 37, characterized in that the sensor carrier ( 41.2 ) independent of the fixing body ( 51 ) from its introduction and removal position ( 46.2 ) in its measuring position ( 47.2 ) is movable or is moved. Measuring device according to one of claims 10 to 39, characterized in that the handlebar or the handlebars ( 57.1 . 57.2 ; 58.1 . 58.2 ) of the fixing body ( 51 ) and the handlebars or handlebars ( 58.3 . 58.4 ) of the sensor carrier ( 41.2 ) of a common, longitudinal ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) movable control ( 80 ) about his or her firmly with the support body ( 40 ) associated axis of rotation or verbun those axes of rotation ( 109 . 111 ) is / are / will be / become, whereby with a movement of the control ( 80 ) longitudinal ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) either the fixing body ( 51 ) or the sensor carrier ( 41.2 ) from its introduction and removal position ( 46.1 . 46.2 ) in its fixation position ( 56 ) or measuring position ( 47.1 . 47.2 ) is moved. Measuring device according to one of claims 8 to 39, characterized in that the sensor carrier ( 41.1 . 41.2 . 41.3 ) and / or the fixing body ( 51.1 . 51.2 . 51.3 . 51.4 ) by means of the spring force of a spring ( 90 . 91 ) of his / her measuring position ( 47.1 . 47.2 ) and / or fixation position ( 56 ) into his / her insertion and removal position ( 46.2 . 46.2 ) is or is movable. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 40, characterized in that the measuring probe ( 25 ) relative to a measuring head part fixedly connected thereto ( 92 ; 192 ) by means of a motor ( 93 ) around its longitudinal axis ( 31 ) is rotatable or rotated. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 41, characterized in that the measuring probe ( 25 ) relative to a measuring head part fixedly connected thereto ( 92 ) by means of a motor along the longitudinal axis ( 119 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is movable or is moved. Measuring device according to claim 42, characterized in that the tactile measuring probes ( 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) for the purpose of detecting the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) exclusively by means of the motor in the longitudinal direction of the bore ( 22 ) are moved. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 43, characterized in that one or the fixed with the measuring probe ( 25 ) connected measuring head part ( 92 ) fixed with a fixing device ( 95 ) for fixing the measuring head ( 21 ) on which the bore ( 22 ) workpiece ( 24 ), preferably at the cylinder head of an engine. Measuring device according to one of Claims 2 to 44, characterized in that the tactile measuring probes ( 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) as a reference level sensor and / or as a call button, preferably as a shuttle call button ( 32 ) are designed. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 45, characterized in that it is provided with at least one vibration sensor ( 33 ) to Mes vibration of the measuring probe ( 25 ) and / or the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) Is provided. Measuring device according to claim 46, characterized in that at least one of the tactile measuring probes ( 26.1 ) as a vibration sensor ( 33 ) for measuring the vibrations of the measuring probe ( 25 ) and / or the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is designed so that the vibrations by means of at least one tactile probe ( 26.1 ) are measurable or measured. Measuring device according to claim 46 or 47, characterized in that the probe tip ( 27.1 ) of the tactile probe ( 26.1 ) trained vibration sensor ( 33 ), while measuring the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) by means of the at least one further tactile measuring probe ( 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ), relative to the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) at least in the longitudinal direction of the bore ( 23 ) is held fixed, while the probe tip ( 27.2 . 27.3 . 27.4 ) of the at least one further tactile sensor ( 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ) for the purpose of detecting the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is moved along the same, preferably in the longitudinal direction thereof. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 48, characterized in that at the introductory ( 38 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) a cleaning device ( 97 ) for cleaning, in particular for blowing off and / or stripping the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is arranged. Measuring device according to claim 49, characterized in that the cleaning device ( 97 ) on the support body ( 40 ) is preferably releasably attached. Measuring device according to one of claims 49 or 50, characterized in that the cleaning device ( 97 ) with a circular disk ( 98 ), which has an outer diameter ( 101 ), which is preferably slightly smaller than the inner diameter ( 39 ) of the bore ( 22 ) and with an outwardly open annular slot ( 99 ) is designed by the air and / or gas for the purpose of blowing off the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is guided or is passed therethrough. Measuring device according to one of claims 49 to 51, characterized in that the cleaning device ( 97 ) is designed with a circular disc having a circumferential scraper in the region of its outer periphery. Measuring device according to claim 52, characterized in that that the wiper with a scraper rubber and / or with Abstreiferborsten is designed. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 2 to 53, characterized in that the tactile measuring probes ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) in the axial or longitudinal direction ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) are offset and / or spaced from each other. Measuring device according to one of Claims 2 to 54, characterized in that a plurality of the tactile measuring probes ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) with a common feed device ( 157 ), with the help of which they are jointly in the axial or longitudinal direction ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) or the bore ( 22 ) are movable or to be moved. Measuring device according to claim 55, characterized in that it is in the feed device ( 157 ) around a motor ( 158 ). Measuring device according to one of Claims 2 to 56, characterized in that the tactile measuring probes ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) at a common, longitudinal or axial ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) extending supporting body ( 129 ; 130 ; 41 ; 51 ; 132 ) are fastened and preferably carried by this. Measuring device according to claim 57, characterized in that the supporting body ( 129 ) by means of one or the common feed device ( 127 ) in the axial or longitudinal direction ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) is movable or is moved. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 57 or 58, characterized in that it is in the support body ( 129 ) around a work spindle ( 130 ) with an external thread ( 131 ) at which the tactile probes ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) each one with a matching internal thread ( 134 ) provided body ( 133 ), preferably a mother ( 135 ) are stored. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 59, characterized in that the tactile probes ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) a common reference body ( 175 ), which extends in the axial or longitudinal direction ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) and the one or more reference planes ( 174 ) for this reference body ( 175 ) associated tactile probe ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) having. Measuring device according to claim 60, characterized in that the reference body ( 175 ) at least one common reference plane ( 174 ) for several of this reference body ( 175 ) associated tactile probe ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) having. Measuring device according to claim 60, characterized in that the reference body ( 175 ) a common reference plane ( 174 ) for all of this reference body ( 175 ) associated tactile probe ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) having. Measuring device according to one of claims 60 to 62, characterized in that in the axial or longitudinal direction ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) or the bore ( 22 ) extending reference plane ( 174 ) a longitudinal contour ( 176 ), the longitudinal contour ( 33 ) of the bore ( 22 ) corresponds. Measuring device according to one of Claims 2 to 63, characterized in that the tactile measuring probes ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) each via a solid-state joint ( 180 ) with an axial or longitudinal ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) extending probe carrier ( 132 ), which is a planar movement of the tactile probes ( 126.1 to 126.3 ) allows or causes. Measuring device according to one of Claims 2 to 64, characterized in that the tactile measuring probes ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) via at least one parallel kinematic deflection body, preferably via at least two leaf springs (US Pat. 184.1 . 184.2 ) with or in the axial or longitudinal direction ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) extending probe carrier ( 132 ) are firmly connected. Measuring device according to one of claims 54 to 65, characterized in that in the axial or longitudinal direction ( 36 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) and / or spaced tactile probes ( 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ), where appropriate the common feeding device ( 157 ) and / or optionally the common support body ( 129 ) and / or optionally the common reference body ( 175 ) and / or optionally the solid-state joints ( 180 ) or the deflection body or the leaf springs ( 184.1 . 184.2 ) and the probe carrier ( 132 ) to or from one of the sensor carriers ( 41 ) and / or one of the fixing bodies ( 51 ) are included. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 66, characterized in that the in the bore ( 52 ) insertable probe ( 25 ) via a coupling ( 185 ), but detachable with a measuring head part ( 192 ), which is a body ( 138 ) for moving the measuring probe in the axial or longitudinal direction ( 36 ) of the bore ( 22 ) and / or in the circumferential direction of the bore ( 22 ) and / or for rotating the measuring probe ( 25 ) about its longitudinal axis ( 31 ) having. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 67, characterized in that at the introductory ( 38 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) a preferably disk-shaped Absaughilfskörper ( 193 ) whose outer diameter ( 194 ) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter ( 39 ) of the bore ( 22 ), so that the measuring probe ( 25 ) with the Absaughilfskörper ( 193 ) into the hole ( 22 ) to form an annular gap ( 199 ) between the Absaughilfskörper ( 193 ) and the bore wall ( 34 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is insertable. Measuring device according to claim 68, characterized in that a suction device ( 194 ) is provided, by means of which air and / or gas through the gap ( 199 ) between the Absaughilfskörper ( 193 ) and the bore wall ( 34 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is aspirated to clean the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) cause or effect. Measuring device according to claim 69, characterized in that the suction device ( 195 ) relative to the measuring probe ( 25 ) is arranged, that with their help the air and / or the gas in the insertion direction ( 177 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) is aspirated or sucked away from this. Measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 70, characterized in that the measuring probe ( 25 ) at least one first optical sensor ( 44 ), with which the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is detected at a low resolution and at least one second optical sensor ( 144 ), preferably a camera ( 104 ) with which the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) with a high or higher resolution is tangible or is detected. Measuring device according to claim 71, characterized in that in a first step with the aid of the first optical sensor ( 44 ) the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) over a large part of its circumference, preferably over its entire circumference, in a low resolution, for example of 300 dpi, and that in a second step with the aid of the second optical sensor ( 144 ) at one or more locations of the bore ( 22 ) whose local surface ( 23 ) in a high or higher resolution, for example, of 4800 dpi, is detected. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 2 to 72, characterized in that the tactile probes in one not in the bore ( 22 ) ( 207 ) by means of a protective device, preferably with or as a protective cover ( 200 ) are protected against contamination with contaminants, in particular dust. Measuring device according to claim 73, characterized in that the protective device ( 200 ) the measuring probe ( 25 ) at least in the area of tacti len probe ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) fully encompasses. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 or 74, characterized in that the protective device ( 200 ) hood-shaped or bell-shaped. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 to 75, characterized in that the protective device ( 200 ) one to the introductory 38 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) open first opening ( 201 ) and a second opening ( 202 ), by which a or the supporting body ( 40 ) for the tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ), preferably sealed, passes through. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 to 76, characterized in that the measuring probe ( 25 ) in the area of its introductory part ( 38 ) one, preferably plate-shaped, in particular as a or the disc ( 98 . 198 . 298 ), closing bodies ( 203 ), in which, in not in the bore ( 22 ) tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ), a ring seal ( 204 ) sealingly abuts the, preferably on the protective device ( 200 ), to the protective device ( 200 ), so that the tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) in one of the protective device ( 200 ), the closing body ( 203 ) and the ring seal ( 204 ) limited shelter ( 212 ) are located. Measuring device according to claim 77, characterized in that the ring seal ( 204 ) an outer diameter ( 205 ), which is larger than the inner diameter ( 39 ) of the bore ( 22 ), so that the ring seal ( 204 ) on a bore edge ( 206 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is sealingly placed. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 to 78, characterized in that the protective device ( 200 ) on one or on the measuring head part ( 92 . 192 ) of the measuring head ( 20 ) is attached. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 to 79, characterized in that the protective device ( 200 ) longitudinal ( 31 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) is movable relative to this. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 to 80, characterized in that the protective device ( 200 ) is formed with elastic and / or with relatively movable parts, so that the protective device ( 200 ) longitudinal ( 31 ) of the measuring probe ( 25 ) is movable, in particular compressible and / or compressible and / or collapsible and stretchable again and / or again pulled apart and / or again be pushed apart. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 to 81, characterized in that the protective device ( 200 ) is designed in the manner of a bellows. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 to 81, characterized in that the protective device ( 200 ) With or from relative to each other telescopically displaceable, preferably with tube segments or designed as a pipe segments, parts designed. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 to 83, characterized in that during insertion of the measuring probe ( 25 ) into the hole ( 22 ), starting from a position ( 207 ), in which the tactile probes ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) not in the hole ( 22 ), the protection device ( 200 ) into a release order ( 209 ) is transferred or is transferred, in which by means of the tactile probe ( 26 ; 26.1 . 26.2 . 26.3 . 26.4 ; 126.1 . 126.2 . 126.3 ) the microstructure of the surface ( 23 ) of the bore ( 22 ) is detected or detected. Measuring device according to at least one of claims 73 to 84, characterized in that the protective device ( 200 ) one with an air filter ( 210 ), in particular a dust filter, provided through opening ( 211 ) having. Measuring station with several devices ( 20 ) for measuring the microstructure of surfaces ( 23 ) of bores ( 22 ) according to any one of claims 2 to 85. Measuring station according to claim 86, characterized in that the microstructure of the surfaces ( 23 ) of several holes ( 22 ) simultaneously by means of the measuring devices ( 20 ) is measured.