DE102007027601A1 - Production and cooling of gaseous coal gasification products - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for gasification of solid fine-grained or dust-like fuels under pressure at elevated temperature to produce a useful gas with synthesis gas character, wherein the solid and the gaseous reaction products are discharged through separate collection devices and openings from the reactor and the liquid reaction products transferred directly from the reactor into a water-containing device and then discharged through a means for relaxing and discharging from the pressure-tight system and the collecting means and opening for the gaseous reaction products on the inside of the reactor is provided with a collar-shaped bulge, behind which the gaseous Reaction products are conducted in a substantially vertically downwardly directed flow from the reactor and immediately behind the reactor in a so-called quench tube with a foreign gas for Abfüh tion of the internal energy are mixed, wherein the solidifying melts are conducted as solids by the action of gravity in a water-containing device and discharged from the reactor.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the production and cooling of gases, such as those used in the gasification of solid combustible materials by heating with an oxygen and water vapor-containing Gasification agent under pressure arise.

At the Heating solid dusty or fine-grained Fuels with an oxygen or water vapor-containing gasification agent or reaction gas is obtained a gaseous gasification product, depending on the starting material has essentially synthesis gas character and contains liquid components such as ash and slag. This solidification gasification becomes essentially a flame reaction carried out. The fuel is often coal used, but also possible fuels Petroleum coke or biological fuels. The used Fuel is largely implemented and you get solid Accompanying substances such as slag or fly ash, which only a small Containment of un-gassed carbon. The resulting useful gas can be cleaned and used for different purposes become. The useful gas obtained finds particular application in synthetic Processes.

The actual gasification reaction takes place at temperatures that lie above the solidification point of the ash. Typical reactions The processes mentioned are at temperatures of 1200 to 2500 ° C. and pressing 0.3 to 7.0 MPa. On the reactor wall is Slag deposited, which flows down the wall. Part of the fine-grained ash leaves the reactor with the useful gas.

Of the Reaction space is usually cylindrical and has both means for supplying the fuel as also the reaction gas. The cylindrical combustion chamber is often located in a pressure-tight jacket vessel, in which it is installed by means of suspension or storage is. The jacket vessel also takes the construction the so-called mixing or quench tube, which is connected to the gasification reactor connects and provided with heating or cooling devices can be.

Nearly All gasification processes of the type mentioned have in common that the gaseous gasification product after implementation the gasification is conducted into a mixing or quench tube, in which it is mixed with a foreign gas or a liquid and thereby dissipatively dissipate its high internal energy. This Process is also called quenching. In the course of this process will the gaseous gasification product to lower temperatures cooled down, the entrained as a finely divided melt Partial precipitate and can be separated from the useful gas. The removal of the gasification product from the reactor by the quench tube can lead out of this both in upwards as well as downwards Flow take place.

at designed an upward flow the separation of the entrained liquid components relatively easy from the reaction gas. The escaping gas, which contains only fine slag particles, will be on exit from the reactor mixed with the quench gas, so that the slag particles solidify and be separated from the gas in the downstream apparatus can.

DE911313 describes a device for gasification of solid fuels, in which the actual gasification reaction is carried out in a specially shaped spherical or pear-shaped reactor, which is embedded in a system of refractory masonry. The gasification agent is injected through laterally arranged nozzles and the fuel is conveyed by means of a screw conveyor into the reactor. The generated useful gas is discharged vertically upwards through a tube which is provided with a cooling jacket and with supply means for a cooling or quenching gas. Part of the slag flows through an opening located on the lower side of the reactor.

EP400740 A1 describes a gasification reactor with a specific length / diameter ratio fired with burners from a tangential angle. With this arrangement, a reduction in the fly ash amount can be achieved. On the upper side of the reactor is a tube for vertical, upward discharge of the Nutzgas. On the lower side there is an outlet for liquid gasification products, which are obtained in particular in the form of molten slag.

US5441547 describes a device for the gasification of solid fuels, in which the actual gasification reaction is carried out in a cylindrical reactor. The reactor is anchored by receiving devices in a special jacket vessel. The construction of this jacket vessel limits the device according to the invention as a rule also to the outside. The useful gas is passed through an outlet upwardly in vertically upward flow through a pipe provided with quench or cooling gas supply means directly above the outlet.

All reactors with an upward gas flow for the discharge of the Nutzgases have the disadvantage that constructions with a large Height must be established because the path length for mixing with quenching agent and the solidification of slag is relatively large. The deflection always takes place after the quenching process, so that no deposits are formed by sticky ash particles. The crude gas thus obtained is further treated by means of suitable heat exchangers, filters or scrubbers.

at a downward flow for discharge the useful gas from the reactor becomes the gaseous gasification product vertically out through a quench tube constructed at the bottom of the reactor removed from the carburetor. In this approach, the falls during quenching accumulating slag by the action of gravity down into a slag bath. The cooled gas can by suitable guidance or deflection be deflected before the slag bath, where the raw gas thus obtained by suitable heat exchangers or scrubbers can be treated further.

DE4001739 A1 describes a device for gasification of solid fuels, which removes the gasification products from the reactor in vertically downward flow. Via concentrically arranged nozzles, the hot, dust-laden gas stream is sprayed substantially radially with water after leaving the reactor, so that solid gasification products are bound and the gas stream is simultaneously cooled. The gas is then freed in a wide mixing cylinder of coarse solids and passed over baffles for further treatment. The coarse solids are removed from the system with a spewing device.

US4494963 describes a solid fuel gasification apparatus which quenches the gasification products from the reactor in vertically downward flow in successive contact zones, cools them by heat exchange with a cooling liquid and at the same time removes entrained coarse solids. The tube for guiding the quench and payload gas flows via a dipping bell into a reservoir of a cooling liquid, in which the quenched gas is freed of solids and cooled down.

All Reactors with a downward gas flow for removal of the Nutzgases have the disadvantage that the slag in this Reaction leading the pipeline from the reactor to downstream Apparatus can easily clog or clog, as the gas too contains coarser slag particles that are slow solidify and with sticky surface due to turbulence and deflections get to the walls. Often become wide mixing rooms and pipelines or high constructions necessary to avoid deposits that are foreign to the plant. The well-known Gasification plants with gas discharge downwards are similar high as gasification plants with outlet upwards, as the Zone gasification, quench area and slag discharge in both Variants are similar in height and only the order in which they are assembled one above the other is different.

The The object of the present invention is to provide a simple device to find in the gaseous product of a gasification process is brought to lower temperatures with a quench gas. The solid precipitated reaction products should be easily removed from the process be ausschleusbar and not for the reaction important routes by deposition or encrustation enforce. The construction should be relatively easy and still have an optimized cleaning and Ensure cooling of the user gas. The device should continue to simplify the construction compared to conventional apparatuses have low construction height.

The The present invention solves the problem by a device for coal gasification, in which the mixing of the gas and dust Gasification product with quench gas in a vertical from the reactor down leading pipeline in a substantially downflow carried out becomes. An essential part of the slag is through a special Design of the reactor already on the side walls of the Reactor deposited. The reactor is in the inventive Device with separate side openings for removal the slag over which already in the reactor Deposited solids leave this to one in with water cooled device and then discharged to be able to. To the pressure vessel before the To protect high temperatures of the slag, the gas space is below This opening is surrounded by a shield, which is multi-layered can be and designed as a cooled membrane wall can be. The useful gas is via a second outlet opening fed separately into an exhaust pipe for mixing with quench gas.

The outlet opening for the useful gas is advantageously equipped in a device according to the invention on the inside of the reactor with a collar-shaped or funnel-shaped bulge in order to prevent the liquid slag from flowing off into the gas outlet pipe. In order to prevent the formation of a solid layer of slag in the bulge, said bulge may be ceramic lined or studded at its lower part and covered with a ceramic ramming mass. Behind the entrance of the Nutzgas in the mixing tube is a means for supplying the quench medium. Due to the separate discharge of liquid Gasification products and useful gas, the amount of slag particles in the gas flowing out of the reactor gas is significantly lower. The cooling and dedusting of the gas is easier and the tendency to foul the mixing tube is greatly reduced.

In an embodiment of the invention, the outlet opening for the removal of the liquid slag in the inventive Device in a device filled with water is and in which the slag can cool down. about a suitable lock device can relax the slag and from the water-filled device and thus be removed from the process. Optionally located above the discharge device for slag an additional Gas burner for liquefying solidifying slag.

• • die für die Vergasung eingesetzten Brennstoffe bei einer Temperatur von 1200°C bis 2500°C und einem Druck von 0,3 bis 7,0 MPa mit einem sauerstoff- oder wasserdampfhaltigen Material in einem gekühlten Vergasungsreaktor vergast werden, und
• • die erhaltenen gasförmigen Vergasungsprodukte durch eine separate Sammeleinrichtung und Öffnung und die erhaltenen flüssigen und festen Vergasungsprodukte durch eine separate Sammeleinrichtung und Öffnung aus dem Vergaser abgeführt werden, und
• • die erhaltenen flüssigen Vergasungsprodukte in eine Wasser enthaltende Vorrichtung überführt werden und dann durch eine druckentlastende Vorrichtung ausgetragen werden können, und
• • die erhaltenen gasförmigen Vergasungsprodukte aus dem Reaktor in im Wesentlichen in vertikal abwärts gerichteter Strömung geführt werden, und
• • die gasförmigen Reaktionsprodukte aus dem Reaktor in ein Misch- oder Quenchrohr gelangen, wo sie zur Abgabe ihrer hohen inneren Energie mit einem Fremdmedium gemischt und dadurch heruntergekühlt werden.

In particular, a method for the gasification of solid dust-like or fine-grained fuels under pressure, which is characterized in that

• The fuels used for the gasification are gasified at a temperature of 1200 ° C to 2500 ° C and a pressure of 0.3 to 7.0 MPa with an oxygen or water vapor-containing material in a cooled gasification reactor, and
• The gaseous gasification products obtained are discharged from the gasifier through a separate collector and orifice and the resulting liquid and solid gasification products through a separate collector and orifice, and
• The resulting liquid gasification products are transferred to a water-containing device and then discharged through a pressure-relieving device, and
• The resulting gaseous gasification products are passed out of the reactor in a substantially vertically downwardly directed flow, and
• • The gaseous reaction products from the reactor in a mixing or quench tube, where they are mixed to release their high internal energy with a foreign medium and thereby cooled down.

In An embodiment of the invention uses coal as the fuel in fine-grained or dust-like consistency used. The fuel particles preferably have a diameter less than 0.5 mm.

In Another embodiment of the invention are as fuels biological materials in fine-grained or dust-like Consistency used. The fuel particles are preferably a diameter less than 0.5 mm.

In Another embodiment of the invention are as fuels organic materials such. As plastics or petroleum coke in fine-grained or small-scale form used. The fuel particles have preferably a diameter less than 0.5 mm.

• • die Vorrichtung ein zylinderförmiges oder ellipsoides Reaktorgefäß umfasst, und
• • das Reaktorgefäß zur Abführung der flüssigen und festen Vergasungsprodukte eine separate Sammeleinrichtung und Öffnung besitzt, und
• • sich an diese Öffnung ein Raum zur Abführung anschließt, durch das die flüssigen und festen Vergasungsprodukte abgeführt werden können,
• • sich unter dem Raum zur Abführung der flüssigen und festen Vergasungsprodukte eine Vorrichtung befindet, in die Wasser eingefüllt werden kann oder die sich zur Aufnahme einer weiteren Vorrichtung eignet, in die Wasser eingefüllt werden kann, so dass die flüssigen und festen Vergasungsprodukte in diese Wasser enthaltende Vorrichtung gelangen können, und
• • sich unter der Wasser enthaltenden Vorrichtung für die flüssigen und verfestigten Vergasungsprodukte eine Vorrichtung zum Ausschleusen dieser Produkte befindet, und
• • der Vergasungsbrennstoff und das Reaktionsgas entweder durch mindestens zwei seitlich am Reaktor befindliche Brenner oder durch einen Brenner an der Decke zugeführt werden, und
• • die Brenneröffnungen der seitlichen Brenner waagrecht in den Brennraum oder aufwärts mit einem Winkel von 0° bis 45° oder sekantial mit einem Winkel von 0° bis 10° in den Brennraum gerichtet sind, und
• • das Reaktorgefäß zur Abführung der gasförmigen Vergasungsprodukte eine separate Öffnung und Sammeleinrichtung besitzt, an die sich ein in vertikaler Richtung im Wesentlichen abwärts führender Quenchraum anschließt, und
• • an dem Quenchraum Zuführungseinrichtungen für Fremdmedien montiert sind und der Quenchraum durch besondere Einrichtungen von außen gekühlt werden kann, und
• • das Reaktorgefäß von einem druckdichten Mantelgefäß umschlossen ist, durch das die gesamte Konstruktion begrenzt wird.

Claimed is also a device which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention and is characterized in that

• The device comprises a cylindrical or ellipsoidal reactor vessel, and
• The reactor vessel has a separate collector and orifice for discharging the liquid and solid gasification products, and
• • adjoining this opening is a space for removal, through which the liquid and solid gasification products can be removed,
• There is under the space for discharging the liquid and solid gasification products, a device in which water can be filled or which is suitable for receiving a further device in which water can be filled, so that the liquid and solid gasification products in this water-containing Device can get, and
• A device for discharging these products is located below the water-containing device for the liquid and solidified gasification products, and
• The gasification fuel and the reaction gas are supplied either by at least two burners located laterally on the reactor or by a burner on the ceiling, and
• • the burner ports of the lateral burners are directed horizontally into the combustion chamber or upwards at an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° or secantially at an angle of 0 ° to 10 ° in the combustion chamber, and
• • The reactor vessel for discharging the gaseous gasification products has a separate opening and collecting device, which is followed by a vertically downwardly leading substantially quenching space, and
• • on the quench chamber supply devices for foreign media are mounted and the quenching chamber can be cooled by special facilities from the outside, and
• • The reactor vessel is surrounded by a pressure-tight jacket vessel, which limits the entire construction.

The actual reaction vessel is preferably cylindrical in the device according to the invention, but may have an ellipsoidal shape for better construction design. A reactor for the process according to the invention generally has at least two burners, although a procedure with a burner is also possible. The burners heat the reactor by feeding Re reaction gas and ground fuel and may be installed laterally or at the top of the reactor. In a side installation, it is advantageous to support the burner on specially designed suspensions on the pressure-tight jacket vessel. In a lateral installation, the burner may be directed horizontally into the combustion chamber as well as upwards at an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° or secantially at an angle of 0 ° to 10 °.

to Improvement of gasification reaction and firing can the reactants and in particular the fuel gas be provided with a twist. These are suitable for on the ceiling located burners small baffles at the burner output or special Brenner forms.

ever According to embodiment, the fuel can be different Art be introduced into the reactor. So can the solid Fuel in dust form via a separate feed pipe over the burner are led into the reactor. However, it is also possible, the fuel over one on the lid Entered separate opening in the reactor. Particularly advantageous is located in front of the opening one suitable conveyor that the fuel over push the opening into the reactor. To such Promotion can be, for example, a screw conveyor to use. This type of feed is particularly suitable for Substances that can be poorly brought in the form of dust in the reactor. Examples include plastics or organic pollutants called.

In In one embodiment of the invention, the reactor at the Interior wall cooled. The inner walls of the reactor vessel are usually covered with metal pins and ceramic mass. The inner walls of the reactor can also be used with boiling water be exposed to a constant stream. The feeding of the fuel takes place preferably in finely divided or powdery consistency. The oxygen or water vapor-containing reaction gas is over Burner fed to the sides or the lid of the Reaction vessel to be mounted. As a reaction gas also pure oxygen can be used. The gasification reaction is usually done in a cloud of dust.

In Another embodiment of the invention is in the Nutzgas contained slag after exiting the carburetor by the Quench cooled and thereby solidified. As quenching gases can different gases are used, preferably as quenching gas in particular cooled useful gas, water vapor, nitrogen or a noble gas or a mixture of these gases. Also a liquid Quenching agent, e.g. B. returned from the process Water, can be used. The length of the quench tube usually depends on the size of the reactor. As a guideline, the removal of the highest point of the Feed of the quench medium in the tube from the reactor bottom is smaller than 10 reactor diameter should be.

Meets the hot working gas on the quench medium, so learns this one through the process of dissipative energy delivery a strong Heat loss. This is accompanied by a solidification connected liquid gasification products. For better intensification The quench tube can be mixed in its course with a or more funnel-shaped constrictions be provided, through which reduces the diameter of the mixing tube. It is also possible to use the quench tube for this purpose from the inside equipped with devices through which the gas stream is funnel-shaped is bundled. This can, for example, a annular metal apron or an annular Be ceramic shutter. This mixes with the quench medium and solidifying entrained liquid gasification products facilitated. Around the walls of the quenching room before liquid To protect particles, the injection of the Quench medium along the quench in several levels.

to Further cooling of the Nutzgas can be in the gas stream sprayed liquid cooling medium become. Above the funnel-shaped constriction the cooling medium is advantageous as a flat jet parallel injected to the funnel surface. Below the funnel-shaped constriction is advantageous the liquid cooling medium in parallel as a spray spray to the Nutzgasstrom. The injection of the Cooling medium can also along the Quenchraumes done in several levels.

In an embodiment of the invention is located under the Mixing tube a device that contains water or to Receiving a device containing water, in which a part of solidified in the quenching process solid constituents of the Nutzgases transferred by the action of gravity and inertia can be. The in the water-filled device resulting solids or solid laden water may be discharged from the process with pumps if necessary become.

In a further embodiment, there is an outlet pipe for discharging the purified Nutzgas over the device filled with water, which deflects the Nutzgas and continues. This gas then contains only solid particles of small grain size. The diversion of the gas stream for continuation takes place starting from the quench space with one or more pipes, preferably at an angle of more than 90 °. It is also possible, the angle for the deflection of the pipe for the Nutzgas to make smaller. In this case, however, the solids content of the continued gas is slightly increased. The quenching chamber can be provided with a sifter to remove coarser solids, especially before it flows into the device filled with water. By installing such devices, a beam deflecting classifier being mentioned here by way of example, it is possible to carry out coarser slag or ash material from the quenching space.

In another embodiment of the invention opens the outlet pipe after the deflection in a system to further Cooling and cleaning of the user gas. For the liberation of the Nutzgases of impurities, the deflection pipe in or in immediate surroundings of the deflection point with a device be provided for the removal of liquid droplets. Examples for this purpose are demister or grid floors.

The further cooling and cleaning of the useful gas after the Execution from the system is preferably carried out by mixing with water. The direct cooling of the gas with water causes at the same time a partial evaporation of water, whereby the water vapor content in the cooled gasification product is increased. The method often includes the use of scrubbers, where the to be cooled gas in particular in countercurrent with water or can be sprinkled. This will change the temperature of the gas returned and the gas from solid at the same time Impurities and liquid or gaseous water-soluble substances freed.

The gas stream discharged from the system, after purification and cooling, may be subjected to catalytic conversion of oxidizable toxic gases (COS, CO, HCN) and / or sorption of acidic or basic corrosive gases (HCl, NH ₃ , H ₂ S). To improve the energy yield of the process can be supplied from the gasification gas stream after exiting the carburetor at least a partial flow to a heat exchanger. The passage through the heat exchanger can be carried out at any point after exiting the gasifier. This process is preferably carried out after the quenching process has been carried out so as not to obstruct the heat exchange process by entrained slag.

Optionally, a gas, such as steam or CO _{2 can be} supplied to the process during startup. This makes it possible, depending on the process control, to increase the yield of desired useful gas or to facilitate the reaction of the gasification reaction.

to Enabling a regular inspection and to facilitate maintenance of the reactor system in particular the annulus between the reactor vessel and the pressure-tight shell construction walkable. There are in the upper floors of the pressure vessel and in the side wall of the pressure vessel below the Vergaserbodens Manholes. Also, the reaction vessel can To allow a visit manholes included.

The has described construction according to the invention the merit of a simple separation of solid and gaseous Reaction products of a gasification process. This is the construction, especially in comparison with constructions in the prior art, cheaper to produce and more efficient in the cleaning of the produced Useful gas. The device according to the invention has in particular significantly lower body heights in comparison to conventional apparatuses known in the art correspond.

The inventive embodiment of a device for the gasification of solid fuels is based on three drawings explained in more detail, wherein the inventive Method is not limited to this embodiment is.

1 shows an example of an embodiment of a gasification reactor according to the invention. The actual gasification takes place in the reaction space 1 at temperatures of 1200 to 2500 ° C and a pressure of 0.3 to 7.0 MPa instead. The reaction space or reactor itself is through the carburetor inner wall 2 completed. The entire reactor device is in a pressure vessel 3 integrated, which serves both as a mounting device and allows the maintenance of high pressure. The reaction gas is passed over the burner 4 fed. The gasification supplies liquid gasification products that adhere to the sidewalls 2 precipitate the reactor and over the outlet opening 5 can flow out. The outlet opening 5 flows into a device filled with water 9 through which the cooled solid gasification products to a lock 10 arrive and be discharged. The gaseous gasification products or the useful gas are via the outlet opening 6 out of the reactor. This opening has in an advantageous embodiment of the invention on the inside of the reactor 2 a collar-shaped bulge 6a so that the slag does not get into this outlet 6 can get. On the outside of the reactor 2 is located at the exit opening 6 a feeder 7 for the quench gas. This is mixed with the useful gas and enters the mixing tube 8th , Here, the useful gas cools down, so that entrained melts and vapors in the solid state and go through the effect of gravity force and inertia partly in the device filled with water 14 be transferred. In front of this water-filled device is a deflection tube 12 through which the useful gas can be passed on for further treatment. The quenched and cleaned Nutzgas is over the execution tube 13 dissipated. If a contaminated with environmental contaminants fuel in the carburetor to be disposed of, so the fuel can also be supplied via a feed device 11 be added.

2 shows by way of example a further embodiment of a gasification reactor according to the invention. The actual gasification takes place in the reaction space 1 at temperatures of 1200 to 2500 ° C and a pressure of 0.3 to 7.0 MPa bar instead. The reaction space or reactor itself is through the carburetor inner wall 2 completed. The entire reactor device is in a pressure vessel 3 integrated, which serves both as a mounting device and allows the maintenance of high pressure. The reaction gas is passed over the burner 4 fed. The gasification supplies liquid gasification products that adhere to the sidewalls 2 precipitate the reactor and over the outlet opening 5 can flow out. The outlet opening 5 flows into a device filled with water 9 after which the cooled solid gasification products to a lock 10 arrive and be discharged. The gaseous gasification products or the useful gas are via the outlet opening 6 out of the reactor. This opening has in an advantageous embodiment of the invention on the inside of the reactor 2 a collar-shaped bulge 6a , so that the slag can not get into this outlet opening. On the outside of the reactor 2 is located at the exit opening 6 a feeder 7 for the quench gas. This is fed in substantially parallel to the mixing line and in the mixing tube 8th mixed with the Nutzgas. About the discharge nozzle 13 the Nutzgas is sent for further processing. If a contaminated with environmental contaminants fuel in the carburetor to be disposed of, so the fuel can also be supplied via a feed device 11 be added.

3 shows by way of example a further embodiment of a gasification reactor according to the invention. The actual gasification takes place in the reaction space 1 at temperatures of 1200 to 2500 ° C and a pressure of 0.3 to 7.0 MPa bar instead. The reaction space or reactor itself is through the carburetor inner wall 2 completed. The entire reactor device is in a pressure vessel 3 integrated, which serves both as a mounting device and allows the maintenance of high pressure. The reaction gas is passed over the burner 4 fed. The gasification supplies liquid gasification products that accumulate on the sidewalls of the reactor 2 knock down and over the exit opening 5 can flow out. The outlet opening 5 flows into a device filled with water 9 after which the cooled solid gasification products to a lock 10 arrive and be discharged. To the pressure vessel 3 To protect against high temperature, the gas space under the opening 5 by a single or multi-layer shielding 16 be surrounded. The gaseous gasification products or the useful gas are via the outlet opening 6 out of the reactor. This opening has, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a collar-shaped bulge 6a , so that the slag can not get into this outlet opening. On the outside of the reactor 2 are located at the exit opening 6 feeders 7 for the quench gas. In addition, the useful gas directly after the quenching process for cooling with a water vapor spray from laterally arranged nozzles 7a be overwhelmed. This is fed in substantially parallel to the mixing line and in the mixing tube 8th mixed with the Nutzgas. The solidified ingredients are in a water-filled device before 14 transferred. For the separation of the admixed liquid droplets and drying of the Nutzgas this is through a vapor or mist eliminator 15 directed. Finally, you get over the discharge nozzle 13 the purified and cooled useful gas. If a contaminated with environmental contaminants fuel in the carburetor to be disposed of, so the fuel can also be supplied via a feed device 11 be added.

1

reaction chamber with gasification reaction

2

reactor vessel

3

pressure tight jacketed vessel

4

burner

5

outlet opening for the liquid gasification products

6

outlet opening for the gaseous gasification products

6a

collar shaped Bulge of the mixing tube on the inside of the reactor

7

encore of the quenching gas

7a

encore the water spray

8th

mixing or quench pipe

9

water containing device for solid products of the gasification reaction (Slag)

10

reject device for solid gasification products (slag)

11

feeder for fuel

12

deflecting

13

design tube for gaseous gasification products (useful gas)

14

water containing device

15

Droplet

16

baffle

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 911313 [0007]
• - EP 400740 A1 [0008]
• US 5441547 [0009]
• DE 4001739 A1 [0012]
• US 4494963 [0013]

Claims (27)

Process for the gasification of solid dust-like or fine-grained fuels under pressure, wherein solid fuels and an oxygen or water vapor-containing or oxygen and water vapor-containing reaction gas and facilities that can be used as a burner, are used, characterized in that • the for the gasification used fuels are gasified at a gas outlet temperature of 1200 ° C to 2500 ° C and a pressure of 0.3 to 7.0 MPa with an oxygen or water vapor-containing material in a cooled gasification reactor, and • the gaseous gasification products obtained by a separate collection device and Opening and the obtained liquid and solid gasification products are discharged through a separate collector and opening from the gasifier, and • the resulting liquid gasification products are transferred to a water-containing device and then as a solid products by depressurizing the apparatus can be discharged, and the gaseous gasification products obtained are passed out of the reactor in a substantially vertically downward flow, and the gaseous reaction products from the reactor are passed into a mixing or quenching tube, where they release their high internal energy mixed with a foreign medium and thereby cooled down. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that as solid fuels coal, petroleum coke or biological materials be used. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the fine-grained fuels have a diameter less than 0.5 mm. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fuel through a separate opening and conveyor conveyed into the reactor becomes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gasification reaction in a Dust cloud is carried out. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the supply of the fuel and the Gasification agent in the carburetor by at least two on the sidewall with separate attachments attached burners done. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the supply of the fuel and the Gasification agent in the carburetor through at least one on the ceiling the burner located in the gasification reactor takes place. Method according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the gasification means before entry into the reactor through baffles or a special design of the Brenners be provided with a twist. Method according to one of claims 6 and 8, characterized in that the feed of the gasification agent horizontally through the burners on the side wall upwards or secantially at a small angle. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the mixing tube as a medium for removal the high internal energy a recirculated Gas, water vapor, liquid water, nitrogen or a Noble gas or a mixture of these media is used. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that that for cooling down the Nutzgases above a in the Quenchraum existing funnel-shaped constriction a cooling medium through nozzles as a flat jet parallel is injected to the funnel surface. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that that for cooling down the Nutzgases below a in the Quenchraum existing constriction a cooling medium through nozzles as a spray parallel or slightly inclined to Nutzgas is injected. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that when cooling down the gaseous Gasification product is a part of the solidifying solids by the action of gravity and inertia in a water-containing Be transferred device, and this on Way of coarse solids freed useful gas by a diverting Branching device of the pipe over the water containing Device is deflected. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the quenched useful gas after a screening process or after removal of the solidified slag another process the cleaning and washing is subjected. Method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that in particular when starting the pressure vessel, an inert gas such as N ₂ , noble gases or CO _{2 is} supplied. Method according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the gas stream discharged from the system a sorption of acidic or basic corrosive gases or a subjected to catalytic conversion of oxidizable toxic gases becomes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that at least one of the gasification gas flow Partial flow is fed to a heat exchanger. Device for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized, that • the device is a cylindrical one or ellipsoidal reactor vessel, and • the Reactor vessel for removal of the liquid and solid gasification products a separate collection and opening owns, and • join this opening Space for exhaustion connects through which the liquid and solid gasification products can be removed, • yourself under the room for the discharge of the liquid and solid gasification products is a device in the water can be filled in or for receiving a further device is suitable, are filled in the water can, so that the liquid and solid gasification products can get into this device containing water, and • yourself under the water-containing device for the liquid and solidifying gasification products a device for discharging of these products is located, and • the gasification fuel and the reaction gas either through at least two laterally on Reactor located burner or by a burner on the ceiling be supplied, and • the burner openings the side burner horizontally into the combustion chamber or upwards at an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° or secantially with an angle of 0 ° to 10 ° in the combustion chamber are directed, and • the reactor vessel to Removal of gaseous gasification products a has separate opening and collecting device to the down in a vertical direction substantially leading quench chamber connects, and • at the quench room feeding devices for foreign media are mounted and the Quenchraum by special facilities of Can be cooled outside, and • the Reactor vessel enclosed by a pressure-tight jacket vessel is by which the entire construction is limited. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that that there is a separate opening on the lid or on the side of the reactor for fuel with one in front of the opening located located conveyor for fuel. Device according to one of claims 18 and 19, characterized in that the discharge device for the gaseous gasification product on the inside the reactor a collar or funnel-shaped bulge own, whose lower part may be ceramic lined. Device according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that a quench medium in one or in several levels predominantly along the quench wall can be fed into the quench room. Device according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the distance of the uppermost Place the feeding of the quench medium in the quench chamber from the reactor bottom is less than 10 reactor diameter. Device according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that in the quench a funnel-shaped Constriction is located, through which the Quenchraum in reduced its further course in diameter, wherein the liquid Quench medium above the constriction site through nozzles as a flat jet parallel to the funnel surface and below the constriction site as a spray or in parallel beams or injected slightly angled to the gas stream. Device according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that in the quench a device is located, which reduces the gas flow by narrowing the pipe cross-section funnel-shaped bundles, wherein the liquid Quench medium above the constriction site through nozzles as a flat jet parallel to the funnel surface and below the constriction site as a spray or in parallel rays or slightly angled to the gas stream is injected. Device according to one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that below the discharge pipe for gaseous gasification products a device is in the water can be filled or the is suitable for receiving a further device in the water can be filled, so that the liquid and solidified gasification products can get into this device and immediately above the water-containing device a branching from the exhaust pipe deflecting tube for the gaseous reaction products is located and this tube at an angle of at least 90 ° branches off from the exhaust pipe. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that in or directly behind the or the deflecting pipes is a means for trapping liquid drops. Device according to one of claims 18 to 26, characterized in that above the discharge device for the liquid gasification product an additional Gas burner for liquefying solidifying slag located.