DE102007027344A1 - lubricant compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

A lubricant composition comprising an oil base comprising less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins is disclosed. Methods of making and using the lubricant composition are also disclosed.

Description

Area of the revelation

The present disclosure relates to lubricant compositions, which comprise an oil base, which comprises less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins.

Background of the Revelation

In In recent years, there has been growing attention for manufacturing of energy efficient lubricated components. In addition, require Specifications of modern engine oils lubricant, which is a Fuel efficiency in standardized engine tests show. It is It is known that the thickness and friction characteristics of thin lubricant films affect the fuel economy properties of oils.

Thin-film friction is the friction of a fluid, such as a lubricant, that between two surfaces is introduced, wherein the distance between the two surfaces very tight. It is known that different additives, which normally present in a lubricant composition, Form films with different thicknesses, which have an effect have the thin film friction can. In addition, some additives have a narrow range of conditions in which it reduced in a lubricant composition Provide friction properties. It is also known that some additives, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) thin-film friction increase.

It However, it is also known that some additives are very expensive. And the use of additional Amounts of an additive in a lubricant composition for Reduction of thin film friction can for the Be very expensive.

A Main component of a lubricant composition may be the oil base which are relatively inexpensive is. Base oils are known and categorized under Groups I to V. The oil bases are based on their% of saturated hydrocarbons, % Sulfur content and viscosity index assigned to a given group. For example, all have oil bases Group II more than 90% saturated Hydrocarbons, less than 0.03% sulfur and a viscosity index in the range of ≥ 80 to ≤ 120 on. However, you can the proportions of the aromatic, paraffin and naphthenic compounds in the oil bases Group II vary significantly. It is known that the difference in these proportions the properties of a lubricant composition, like the oxidative stability, can influence.

What what is needed is a lubricant composition which is not is expensive and at least one of reduced thin film friction and heightened Can provide fuel economy.

SUMMARY OF THE REVELATION

According to the disclosure discloses a lubricant composition which is an oil base comprising less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins.

In an embodiment also discloses a composition which is an oil base, which comprises less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins; a Metal-containing, phosphorus-containing compound; a dispersant; and a friction modifier.

It discloses a composition which is an oil base, which comprises less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins; a Metal-containing phosphorus-containing compound; an ethylene-propylene copolymer; and a friction modifier.

In another embodiment discloses a method for reducing the thin-film friction of a fluid between surfaces which discloses providing a composition in the Fluid includes an oil base which comprises less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins.

Further is in one embodiment a method of increase of fuel efficiency in a vehicle disclosing the Providing a composition in the vehicle comprising an oil basis which comprises less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins.

additional Tasks and advantages of the disclosure will become more apparent in the following Description set out and can be experienced through the practice of the revelation. The tasks and Benefits of disclosure are provided by the elements and combinations, which in particular in the attached claims are set out, realized and achieved.

It is taken for granted, that both the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory and for the disclosure as claimed is not limiting.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The present disclosure relates to lubricant compositions, which comprise an oil base, which comprises less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins. In a embodiment For example, the lubricant composition may further include a phosphorus-containing Include connection. In another embodiment, the lubricant composition further comprising a friction modifier compound. In a another embodiment For example, the lubricant composition may further comprise a dispersant include.

The oil basis may be any oil basis categorized in Groups I to V. be. In one embodiment is the oil basis an oil basis Group II. The oil basis may be less than about 3% by weight, for example, less than about 2 Wt%, and as another example, less than about 1 wt% tetracycloparaffins, relative to the total weight of the base oil, include.

The disclosed bases of oil can a lower coefficient of thin film friction compared to oil bases, which comprise not less than 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins, exhibit. In addition, one assumes, without being limited to a particular theory, that when the concentration of oil base structures decreases is the effect of each additive on the thin film friction changed becomes. In one embodiment may be the combination of certain additives with the disclosed oil base have a synergistic effect.

The oil basis can be any desired in the lubricant composition or effective amount. For example, the oil basis be present in a major amount. A "main amount" means more than or equal to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. When Another example is the oil base in a lot of higher than or equal to 80% and as an additional example higher than or equal to 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, to be available.

The The disclosed lubricant composition may contain a phosphorus-containing Include connection. In one embodiment, the phosphorus-containing Compound a metal-containing, phosphorus-containing compound. For example, the metal-containing, phosphorus-containing compound a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt.

The Metal in the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal may be an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or aluminum, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, Be nickel or copper. Zinc salts can be used, for example become.

The dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts can be prepared according to known techniques by first forming a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid (DDPA), usually by reacting one or more alcohols or a phenol with P ₂ S ₅ , and then neutralizing the formed DDPA with a zinc compound. For example, a dithiophosphoric acid can be prepared by reacting mixtures of primary and secondary alcohols. Alternatively, multiple dithiophosphoric acids may be prepared which include both hydrocarbyl radicals that are fully secondary in character and hydrocarbyl radicals that are fully primary in character. Any basic or neutral zinc compound can be used to prepare the zinc salt, but the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are most commonly used.

The zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates may be oil soluble salts of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acids and may be represented by the following formula: [(RO) (R ¹ O) P (S)] ₂ Z _n wherein R and R ^{1 are} the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing from about 1 to may be about 18, for example about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, and radicals such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl and cycloalipha include table residues. In one embodiment, the radicals R and R ^{1 may be} alkyl radicals having from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms. Accordingly, the radicals may be, for example, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, 2- Ethylhexyl, phenyl, butylphenyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl, propenyl and butenyl. In order to obtain oil solubility, the total number of carbon atoms (ie, in R and R ¹ ) in the dithiophosphoric acid may be generally 5 or higher. The zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate may therefore comprise zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates.

In addition, the phosphorus-containing compound may include oil-soluble amine salts of a phosphoric acid ester such as those described in U.S. Pat U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,484 and 5,763,372 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference; and reaction products of dicyclopentadiene and a thiophosphoric acid.

The Amine salts of a phosphoric acid ester can by reacting a phosphoric acid ester with ammonia or a basic nitrogen compound, such as Amine, are produced. The salts can be formed separately and then the salt of the phosphoric acid ester may be added to the lubricant composition are given.

wobei R¹ Wasserstoff oder ein Hydrocarbylrest sein kann, R² ein Hydrocarbylrest sein kann und beide Reste X entweder O oder S sein können.The phosphoric acid esters useful for preparing the amine salts of the present invention can be characterized by the following formula:

wherein R ^{1 may be} hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl radical, R ^{2 may be} a hydrocarbyl radical and both radicals X may be either O or S.

An exemplary process for preparing compositions containing (I) comprises reacting at least one hydroxy compound of the formula ROH with a phosphorus compound of the formula P ₂ X ₅ , wherein R may be a hydrocarbyl radical and may be XO or S. The phosphorus-containing compounds obtained in this manner may be mixtures of phosphorus compounds and are generally mixtures of mono- and dihydrocarbyl-substituted phosphorus and / or dithiophosphoric acids, depending on the choice of phosphorus reactant (ie, P ₂ O ₅ or P ₂ S ₅ ).

The in the preparation of the phosphoric esters of this disclosure used hydroxy compound can be characterized by the formula ROH where R can be a hydrocarbyl radical. The with the phosphorus compound Reacted hydroxy compound may be a mixture of hydroxy compounds of the formula ROH, wherein the hydrocarbyl radical R is about 1 to may contain about 30 carbon atoms. It is necessary, however, that the finally prepared amine salt of the substituted phosphoric ester in the lubricant compositions of the present disclosure soluble is. In general, the radical R will be at least about 2 carbon atoms, typically contain from about 3 to about 30 carbon atoms.

Of the R may be aliphatic or aromatic, such as alkyl, aryl, Alkaryl, aralkyl and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals. Non-limiting examples of useful ones Hydroxy compounds of the formula ROH include, for example, ethyl alcohol, iso-propyl, n-butyl alcohol, Amyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, nonyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, Stearyl alcohol, amylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, methylcyclohexanol and alkylated naphthol, etc.

In an embodiment can the alcohols ROH aliphatic alcohols and, for example, primary aliphatic Alcohols containing at least about 4 carbon atoms be. Accordingly, examples close the exemplary monohydric alcohols ROH, which in the present Revelation useful could be, Amyl alcohol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-octadecanol, oleyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, Phytol, myricyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol. Commercial alcohols (including mixtures) are considered here and these commercial alcohols can Minor constituents of alcohols include, although here not specified, does not affect the main purposes of this disclosure.

The molar ratio of the hydroxy compound ROH to the phosphorus reactant P ₂ X ₅ in the reaction should range from about 1: 1 to about 4: 1, with an example ratio of 3: 1. The reaction can be easily accomplished by mixing the two reactants at an elevated temperature such as higher temperatures at about 50 ° C to the composition temperature of any of the reactants or the desired product. In one embodiment, the temperature may range from about 50 ° C to about 150 ° C and may very often be below about 100 ° C. The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent which allows for temperature control and mixing of the reactants. The solvent may be any inert fluid substance in which either one or both reactants are soluble or the product is soluble. Such solvents include benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, naphtha, diethyl ether carbitol, dibutyl ether dioxane, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, carbon tetrachloride or chloroform.

The Product of the above implementation is acidic, but its chemical Constitution is not known exactly. Evidence, however, shows that the product is a mixture of acidic phosphates, which are predominantly comprising mono- and diesters of phosphoric acid (or thio- or dithiophosphoric acid), wherein the ester residue is derived from the alcohol ROH.

The amine salts of the present disclosure may be prepared by reacting the phosphoric acid esters described above, as represented by Formula I, with at least one amino compound, which may be primary or secondary. In one embodiment, the amines reacted with the substituted phosphoric acids to form the amine salts are primary hydrocarbyl amines having the general formula R'NH ₂ wherein R 'may be a hydrocarbyl radical containing up to about 150 carbon atoms and more often will be an aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms.

In an embodiment can the hydrocarbyl amines used in the preparation of the amine salts of the present invention Revelation useful are, primary Hydrocarbyl amines having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms in the Hydrocarbyl radical and, for example, from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl radical. The hydrocarbyl radical can be saturated or unsaturated be. Representative Examples of the primary saturated Amines are those known as aliphatic primary fatty amines. Typical fatty amines include alkylamines such as n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-pentadecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine (stearylamine), etc. These primary amines are available in both distilled and technical qualities. Although the distilled quality will provide a purer reaction product, the desired Form amines and imides in reactions with the amines of technical quality. Also suitable are fatty amine mixtures.

In another embodiment can the amine salts of the phosphorus-containing compound are those which of tertiary-aliphatic primary Amines derived with at least about 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical are. Mostly can of alkylamines having a total of less than about 30 carbon atoms be derived in the alkyl radical.

Normally, the tertiary-aliphatic primary amines are monoamines represented by the formula R (CH ₃ ) ₂ CNH ₂ wherein R may be a hydrocarbyl radical containing one to about 30 carbon atoms. Such amines can be exemplified by tertiary-butylamine, primary tertiary-hexylamine, 1-methyl-1-aminocyclohexane, primary tertiary-octylamine, primary tertiary-decylamine, primary tertiary-dodecylamine, primary tertiary-tetradecylamine, primary tertiary-hexadecylamine, primary tertiary-octadecylamine , primary tertiary tetracosanylamine, primary tertiary octacosanylamine.

Mixtures of amines are also useful for the purposes of this disclosure. Illustrative of amine mixtures of this type is a mixture of tertiary C ₁₁ -C ₁₄ primary alkylamines and a similar mixture of C ₁₈ -C ₂₂ tertiary alkyl primary amines. The tertiary alkyl primary amines and methods for their preparation are known to those skilled in the art and therefore further discussion is not necessary. The primary tertiary alkylamine which is useful for the purposes of this disclosure and the methods for its preparation are described in U.S. Pat US Pat. No. 2,945,749 which is hereby incorporated by reference for its teachings in this regard.

Primary amines, in which the hydrocarbon chain is olefinic unsaturation includes are also very useful. Consequently, you can the radicals R 'and R '' depends on the length the chain one or more olefinic unsaturations, usually not more than one double bond per 10 carbon atoms. Representative Amines are dodecenylamine, myristoleylamine, palmitoleylamine, oleylamine and linoleylamine.

Secondary amines include dialkylamines having two of the above alkyl groups, including such commercial secondary fatty amines, and also dialkylamine mixtures wherein R 'is a fatty amine and R "is one Lower alkyl (1 to 9 carbon atoms) such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl, etc. may be or R "may be an alkyl radical having other non-reactive or polar substituents (CN, alkyl, carbalkoxy, amide , Ethers, thioethers, halogen, sulfoxide, sulfone), so that the essential hydrocarbon character of the residue is not destroyed. The polyamine fatty diamines include mono- or di-alkyl, symmetric or asymmetric ethylene diamines, propane diamines (1,2 or 1,3) and polyamine analogs of the above. Suitable polyamines include N-coco-1,3-diaminopropane, N-soy alkyltrimethylenediamine, N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane or N-oleyl-1,3-diaminopropane.

 The oil-soluble Amine salts can by mixing the phosphoric acid esters described above the above-described amines at room temperature or above become. In general, mixing at room temperature is for one Period of up to about one hour is sufficient. The amount of Amines, which with the phosphoric acid ester is reacted to form the salts of the disclosure is at least about one weight equivalent of the amine (based on nitrogen) per equivalent of phosphoric acid and The relationship the equivalents is generally about one.

Methods for preparing such amine salts are known and described in the literature. See for example U.S. Pat. No. 2,063,629 ; 2,224,695 ; 2,447,288 ; 2,616,905 ; 3,984,448 ; 4,431,552 ; 5,354,484 ; Pesin et al., Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 2508-2515 (1961) ; and International PCT Application Publ. WO 87/07638 the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

alternative can the salts are formed in situ when the acidic phosphoric acid ester is mixed with the above-described amines when a Transmission oil concentrate or the formulated gear oil itself be formed.

wobei R ein Hydrocarbylrest mit etwa 2 bis etwa 30, zum Beispiel etwa 3 bis etwa 18 Kohlenstoffatomen sein kann. In einer Ausführungsform umfasst R ein Gemisch von Hydrocarbylresten, welche etwa 3 bis etwa 18 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten.Another phosphorus-containing compound for use in the lubricant composition herein comprises the reaction products of dicyclopentadiene and thiophosphoric acids, also referred to herein as dicyclopentadiene dithioates. Thiophosphoric acids have the following formula:

wherein R may be a hydrocarbyl radical having from about 2 to about 30, for example from about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, R comprises a mixture of hydrocarbyl radicals containing from about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms.

In an embodiment the phosphorus-containing compound is at least one of neopentyl glycol phosphite, a sulfur-containing neopentyl glycol phosphite and a salt from a sulfur-containing neopentyl glycol phosphite.

The Dicyclopentadiene dithioates can by mixing dicyclopentadiene and a dithiophosphoric acid for a time and at a temperature sufficient to provide the thioacid with the dicyclopentadiene, are produced. Typical reaction times can ranging from 30 minutes to 6 hours, though appropriate Reaction conditions are easily determined by the skilled person can. The reaction product can according to a conventional workup the implementation, including Vacuum evaporation and filtration, be subjected.

The The disclosed lubricant composition may further comprise a friction modifier compound. The friction modifier for use in the disclosed Lubricant composition may consist of many suitable compounds and materials useful for imparting this function in lubricating compositions useful are, selected become. As the friction modifier may be a single compound type or a mixture of different types of compounds used become. Non-limiting Examples of the friction modifier include Nitrogen-containing compound, an ash-containing compound and a non-nitrogen containing compound. In one embodiment can the disclosed lubricant compositions are a non-nitrogen containing compound and a molybdenum-containing end Include connection.

The nitrogen-containing compound may be any compound comprising a basic nitrogen. In an embodiment, the nitrogen-containing compound may be a long chain alkyleneamine. Long chain alkyleneamine friction modifier compounds include, for example, N-aliphatic Hydrocarbyl-substituted trimethylenediamines wherein the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituent is at least one straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical free of acetylenic unsaturation and having from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms. A non-limiting example of such friction modifier compounds is N-oleyltrimethylenediamine. Other suitable compounds include N-tallow trimethylenediamine and N-coco-trimethylenediamine.

A Group of friction modifiers include the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted ones Diethanolamine wherein the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituent is at least one straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical, which is free of acetylenic unsaturation and about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms.

• (1) Kohlenwasserstoffsubstituenten, das heißt aliphatische (z.B. Alkyl oder Alkenyl), alicyclische (z.B. Cycloalkyl, Cycloalkenyl) Substituenten, und aromatisch-, aliphatisch- und alicyclisch-substituierte aromatische Substituenten, sowie cyclische Subsituenten, wobei der Ring durch einen anderen Teil des Moleküls vervollständigt wird, (z.B. zwei Substituenten bilden zusammen einen alicyclischen Rest);
• (2) substituierte Kohlenwasserstoffsubstituenten, das heißt Substituenten, welche Nichtkohlenwasserstoffreste enthalten, welche im Kontext dieser Erfindung den überwiegenden Kohlenwasserstoffsubstituenten nicht verändern (z.B. Halogen (insbesondere Chlor und Fluor), Hydroxy, Alkoxy, Mercapto, Alkylmercapto, Nitro, Nitroso und Sulfoxy);
• (3) Heterosubstituenten, das heißt Substituenten, welche, obwohl sie einen überwiegenden Kohlenwasserstoffcharakter aufweisen, im Kontext dieser Erfindung in einem Ring oder einer Kette, welche ansonsten aus Kohlenstoffatomen aufgebaut sind, von Kohlstoffatomen unterschiedliche Atome enthalten. Heteroatome schließen Schwefel, Sauerstoff, Stickstoff ein und es werden Substituenten wie Pyridyl, Furyl, Thienyl und Imidazolyl umfasst. Im Allgemeinen werden nicht mehr als zwei, zum Beispiel nicht mehr als ein Nichtkohlenwasserstoffsubstituent pro jeweils zehn Kohlenstoffatome in dem Hydrocarbylrest vorhanden sein; typischerweise werden keine Nichtkohlenwasserstoffsubstituenten im Hydrocarbylrest vorhanden sein.

As used herein, the terms "hydrocarbyl substituent" or "hydrocarbyl radical" are used in their simple sense known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, they relate to a radical having a carbon atom attached directly to the rest of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of the hydrocarbyl radicals include:

• (1) Hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (eg, alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (eg, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is replaced by another part of the molecule is completed (eg, two substituents together form an alicyclic moiety);
• (2) substituted hydrocarbyl substituents, that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon radicals which in the context of this invention do not alter the predominant hydrocarbon substituent (eg, halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso and sulfoxy);
• (3) hetero substituents, that is, substituents which, although of predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms, contain atoms different from carbon atoms. Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and include substituents such as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl. Generally, no more than two, for example, no more than one non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl radical; typically, no non-hydrocarbon substituents will be present in the hydrocarbyl moiety.

As discussed above, the friction modifier may comprise a mixture of different compounds, such as a combination of at least one N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted diethanolamine and at least one N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted trimethylenediamine, wherein the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl substituent is at least one straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical which is free of acetylenic unsaturation and has from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms. Further details regarding this friction modifier combination are in US Pat. No. 5,372,735 and 5,441,656 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The Friction modifier may be an ash-containing compound be. In one embodiment For example, the ash-containing compound may contain a molybdenum-containing Be connected. The molybdenum-containing A compound for use in the lubricant compositions disclosed herein may be sulfur and / or phosphorus free. A sulfur and phosphorus-free, Molybdenum-containing Compound can be made by reacting a sulfur and phosphorus free molybdenum source with an organic compound which amino and / or alcohol radicals contains getting produced. Examples of sulfur and phosphorus-free molybdenum sources shut down molybdenum trioxide, Ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate and potassium molybdate. The amino radicals can Monoamines, diamines or polyamines. The alcohol residues can be monosubstituted Alcohols, diols or bis-alcohols or polyalcohols. As a Example sets the implementation of diamines with fatty oils Her product containing both amino and alcohol radicals, the itself with the sulfur and phosphorus-free molybdenum source can implement.

Examples of the sulfur- and phosphorus-free, molybdenum-containing compounds found in patents and patent applications, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, include the following: Compounds prepared by reacting certain basic nitrogen compounds with a molybdenum source, as described in U.S. Pat US Pat. No. 4,259,195 and 4,261,843 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxy-alkylated amine with a molybdenum source, as in US Pat. No. 4,164,473 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a phenol-aldehyde condensation product, a monoalkylated alkylenediamine and a molybdenum source, as in US Pat. No. 4,266,945 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a fatty oil, diethanolamine and a molybdenum source, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,647 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a fatty oil or acid with 2- (2-aminoethyl) aminoethanol and a molybdenum source, as in US Pat. No. 5,137,647 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a secondary amine with a molybdenum source, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,692,256 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a diol, diamino or aminoalcohol compound with a molybdenum source, as in US Pat. No. 5,412,130 Are defined. Compounds which are prepared by reacting a fatty oil, monoalkylated alkylene diamine and a molybdenum source, as in the European patent application EP 1 136 496 A1 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a fatty acid, monoalkylated alkylenediamine, glycerides and a molybdenum source as described in the European patent application EP 1 136 497 A1 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a fatty oil, diethanolamine and a molybdenum source, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,647 Are defined.

In one embodiment, a sulfur-containing molybdenum-containing compound can also be used in the lubricant compositions disclosed herein. The sulfur-containing molybdenum-containing compound can be prepared by a variety of methods. One method involves reacting a sulfur and / or phosphorus-free molybdenum source with an amino group and one or more sulfur sources. Sulfur sources may include, but are not limited to, carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide, sodium sulfide and elemental sulfur, for example. Alternatively, the sulfur-containing molybdenum-containing compound can be prepared by reacting a sulfur-containing molybdenum source with an amino group or thiuram group and optionally a second sulfur source. As an example, the reaction of molybdenum trioxide with a secondary amine and carbon disulfide produces molybdenum dithiocarbamates. Alternatively, the reaction of (NH ₄ ) ₂ Mo ₃ S ₁₃ .n (H ₂ O), where n is in the range of about 0 to 2, with a tetraalkylthiuram disulfide, produces a trinuclear sulfur-containing molybdenum dithiocarbamate.

Non-limiting examples of the sulfur-containing molybdenum-containing compounds found in patents and patent applications include the following: Compounds prepared by reacting molybdenum trioxide with a secondary amine and carbon disulfide as described in U.S. Pat US Pat. No. 3,509,051 and 3,356,702 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a sulfur-free molybdenum source with a secondary amine, carbon disulfide, and an additional source of sulfur, as described in U.S. Pat US Pat. No. 4,098,705 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a molybdenum halide with a secondary amine and carbon disulfide, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,178,258 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a molybdenum source with a basic nitrogen compound and a sulfur source, as in US Pat. No. 4,263,152 . 4,265,773 . 4,272,387 . 4,285,822 . 4,369,119 . 4,395,343 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting ammonium tetrathiomolybdate with a basic nitrogen compound, as in US Pat. No. 4,283,295 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting an olefin, sulfur, an amine and a molybdenum source, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,362,633 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting ammonium tetrathiomolybdate with a basic nitrogen compound and an organic sulfur source, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,402,840 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a phenol compound, an amine and a molybdenum source with a sulfur source, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,466,901 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a triglyceride, a basic nitrogen compound, a molybdenum source and a sulfur source, as in US Pat. No. 4,765,918 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting alkali metal alkyl thioxanthate salts with molybdenum halides, as in US Pat. No. 4,966,719 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting a tetraalkylthiuram disulfide with molybdenum hexacarbonyl, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,978,464 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting an alkyldixanthogen with molybdenum hexacarbonyl, as in US Pat. No. 4,990,271 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting alkali metal alkylxanthate salts with dimolybdenum tetraacetate, as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,995,996 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting (NH ₄ ) ₂ Mo ₃ S ₁₃ .2H ₂ O with an alkali metal dialkyldithiocarbamate or tetraalkylthiuram disulfide, as in US Pat. No. 6,232,276 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting an ester or an acid with a diamine, a molybdenum source and carbon disulfide as in US Pat. No. 6,103,674 Are defined. Compounds prepared by reacting an alkali metal dialkyl dithiocarbamate with 3-chloropropionic acid followed by molybdenum trioxide, as in US Pat. No. 6,117,826 Are defined.

Non-limiting examples the molybdenum-containing Close connections molybdenum carboxylates, Molybdänamide, Molybdänthiophosphate, Molybdänthiocarbamate, molybdenum dithiocarbamates and so on.

additional Examples of ash-containing compounds include titanium-containing ones Compounds and tungsten-containing compounds, but are not limited to this.

A another suitable group of friction modifiers does not close Nitrogen-containing compounds, such as polyol esters, for example Glycerol monooleate (GMO), glycerol monolaurate (GML) and the like one.

 The Friction modifier compound may be present in the lubricant composition in any desired or effective amount. In one embodiment For example, the lubricant composition may be about 0.05% by weight to about 3% by weight, for example, about 0.2% to about 1.5%, and as another Example, about 0.3 wt .-% to about 1 wt .-%, relative to the total weight the lubricant composition. However, the expert will understand that any amount can be used.

The Dispersant for use in the disclosed lubricant composition may be from any of the ashless dispersant which is known to those skilled in the art are known, selected become. Suitable ashless dispersants can be ashless dispersants such as succinimide dispersant, Mannich base dispersant and polymeric polyamine dispersant. Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agents can used for the preparation of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides become. The hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agents shut down Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acids, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic, the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid halides (for example the acid fluorides and acid chlorides) and the esters of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acids and lower alcohols (e.g., those containing up to 7 carbon atoms included), that is Hydrocarbyl-substituted compounds which act as carboxylacylating agents can act, but are not limited to that.

Hydrocarbyl-substituted Acylating agents can by reacting a polyolefin or chlorinated polyolefin with suitable molecular weight can be prepared with maleic anhydride. Similar Carboxylreaktanden can be used for the preparation of the acylating agent. Such reactants can maleic acid, fumaric acid, Malic acid, Tartaric acid, itaconic, anhydride, citraconic, citraconic, mesaconic, ethylmaleic, dimethyl, Ethylmaleic acid, dimethylmaleic acid, hexylmaleic acid and like, including the corresponding acid halides and lower aliphatic esters, but are not limited.

The Molecular weight of the olefin may be dependent on the intended Use of the substituted succinic anhydrides vary. typically, can the substituted succinic anhydrides a hydrocarbyl radical having about 8 to 500 carbon atoms. However, you can substituted succinic anhydrides, which is used for the preparation of lubricating oil dispersants typically a hydrocarbyl radical of about 40 to 500 Have carbon atoms. For substituted succinic anhydrides with high molecular weight it is more accurate to rely on the number average of the molecular weight (Mn), since the olefins which are used for Preparation of these substituted succinic anhydrides are used a mixture of components with different molecular weights, which results from the polymerization of low-molecular weight olefin monomers Molecular weight such as ethylene, propylene and isobutylene may result.

The molar ratio of maleic anhydride Olefin can vary widely. It can be, for example, about 5: 1 to about 1: 5, or, for example, from about 1: 1 to about 3: 1. For olefins such as polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight from about 500 to about 7,000, or as another example, about 800 until about 3000 or higher and the ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, the maleic anhydride in stoichiometric excess, e.g. 1.1 to 3 moles of maleic anhydride per mole of olefin. The unreacted maleic anhydride can be evaporated from the resulting reaction mixture.

polyalkenyl succinic can using conventional Reduction conditions such as catalytic hydrogenation in polyalkylsuccinic anhydrides being transformed. For a catalytic hydrogenation is a suitable catalyst palladium on coal. Likewise Polyalkenyl succinimides using similar reduction conditions be converted into polyalkylsuccinimides.

The polyalkyl or polyalkenyl substituent on the succinic anhydrides used herein can generally be derived from polyolefins which are polymers or copolymers of monoolefins, especially 1-monoolefins, such as ethylene, propylene and butylene. The monoolefin used can be about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms, or as another example about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms. Other suitable monoolefins include propylene, butylene, especially isobutylene, 1-octene and 1-decene. Polyolefins made from such monoolefins include polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutene, and the polyalphaolefins made from 1-octene and 1-decene.

In some embodiments For example, the ashless dispersant may contain one or more alkenyl succinimides an amine having at least one primary amino radical which is assigned to Formation of an imide group is able to include. The Alkenylsuccinimide can by conventional Procedure as by heating an alkenyl succinic anhydride, -acid, -säureesters, -säurehalogenids or lower alkyl ester with an amine which has at least one primary Contains amino radical, be formed. The alkenyl succinic anhydride can easily pass through Heat a mixture of polyolefin and maleic anhydride to about 180 to 220 ° C made become. The polyolefin may be a polymer or copolymer of a low monoolefin such as ethylene, propylene, isobutene and the like having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 300 to about 3000, such as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

amines, which is used in the formation of the ashless dispersant can be shut down any amine containing at least one primary amino group which belongs to the Formation of an imide group can implement, and at least one additional primary or secondary Amino radical and / or at least one hydroxyl radical. Some representative Examples are: N-methylpropanediamine, N-dodecylpropanediamine, N-aminopropylpiperazine, Ethanolamine, N-ethanolethylenediamine and the like.

Suitable amines can include alkylene polyamines such as propylene diamine, dipropylene triamine, di (1,2-butylene) triamine and tetra (1,2-propylene) pentamine. Another example includes the ethylene polyamines which may be shown by the formula H ₂ N (CH ₂ CH ₂ -NH) _n H, where n may be an integer from about one to about ten. These include: ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) and the like, including mixtures thereof, in which case n is the average of the mixture. Such ethylene polyamines have a primary amino group at each end such that they can form monoalkenyl succinimides and bisalkenyl succinimides. Commercially available ethylene polyamine mixtures may contain minor amounts of branched species and cyclic species such as N-aminoethylpiperazine, N, N'-bis (aminoethyl) piperazine, N, N'-bis (piperazinyl) ethane, and the like. The commercial blends may have approximately total compositions falling within the range corresponding to diethylenetriamine to tetraethylenepentamine. The molar ratio of polyalkenyl succinic anhydride to polyalkylene polyamines may be about 1: 1 to about 3.0: 1.

In some embodiments the dispersant may be the products of the reaction of a polyethylene polyamine, e.g. Triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine, with a hydrocarbon-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride obtained by reacting a polyolefin, such as polyisobutene, having a suitable molecular weight with an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or anhydride, e.g. maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid or the like, including mixtures of two or more such substances.

Polyamines which are also useful in the preparation of the dispersants described herein include N-arylphenylenediamines such as N-phenylphenylenediamines, for example, N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, and N-phenyl- 1,2-phenylenediamine; Aminothiazoles such as aminothiazole, aminobenzothiazole, aminobenzothiadiazole and aminoalkylthiazole; aminocarbazoles; aminoindoles; aminopyrroles; Aminoindazolinone; Aminomercaptotriazole; Aminoperimidine; Aminoalkylimidazoles such as 1- (2-aminoethyl) imidazole, 1- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole; and aminoalkylmorpholines such as 4- (3-aminopropyl) morpholine. These polyamines become more detailed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,623 and 5,075,383 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Additional polyamines useful in the formation of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides include polyamines having at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one tertiary amino group in the molecule as described in U.S. Pat US Pat. No. 5,634,951 and 5,725,612 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Non-limiting examples of suitable polyamines include N, N, N ", N" -tetraalkyldialkylenetriamines (two terminal tertiary amino groups and one central secondary amino group), N, N, N ', N "-tetraalkyltrialkylenetetramines (a tertiary-terminal amino group, two internal tertiary amino groups and a terminal primary amino group), N, N, N ', N'',N''' - pentaalkyltrialkylenetetramines (a terminal tertiary amino group, two internal tertiary amino groups and a terminal secondary amino group), tris (dialkylaminoalkyl) aminoalkylmethanes ( three terminal tertiary amino residues and one terminal primary amine norest) and similar compounds wherein the alkyl radicals are the same or different and typically each contain not more than about 12 carbon atoms, and which may each contain from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. As another example, these alkyl groups may be methyl and / or ethyl groups. Polyamine reactants of this type may include dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and N-methylpiperazine.

hydroxyamines which are suitable herein include compounds, oligomers or polymers containing at least one primary or secondary amine containing, which reacts with the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or Anhydride can implement. Examples of hydroxyamines which suitable for use herein include aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA), Aminopropyldiethanolamine (APDEA), ethanolamine, diethanolamine (DEA), partially propoxylated hexamethylenediamine (for example HMDA-2PO or HMDA-3PO), 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol.

The molar ratio from amine to hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or Anhydride may range from about 1: 1 to about 3.0: 1. One another example of a molar ratio from amine to hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or Anhydride may range from about 1.5: 1 to about 2.0: 1.

The above dispersant may also be an aftertreated dispersant which may be obtained, for example, by treating the dispersant with maleic anhydride and boric acid, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,353 or by treating the dispersant with nonylphenol, formaldehyde and glycolic acid, as described, for example, in US Pat US Pat. No. 5,137,980 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

The Mannich base dispersants may a reaction product of an alkylphenol, which is typically has a long chain alkyl substituent on the ring, with a or more aliphatic aldehydes containing from about 1 to about 7 Carbon atoms (for example, formaldehyde and derivatives thereof), and polyamines (especially polyalkylene polyamines). For example, an ash-free Mannich base dispersant may be used Condensing about one mole of the long chain hydrocarbon substituted Phenols having from about 1 to about 2.5 moles of formaldehyde and from about 0.5 to about about 2 moles of polyalkylenepolyamine are formed.

Hydrocarbon sources for the preparation of the Mannich polyamine dispersants may be those which are essentially saturated petroleum fractions and olefin polymers, such as polymers of monoolefins having 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, are derived. The hydrocarbon source generally contains for Example at least about 40 carbon atoms and as another Example, at least about 50 carbon atoms, for the dispersant a significant oil solubility to provide. The olefin polymers having a number average range of GPC molecular weight from about 600 to 5,000 can be suitable. However, you can also polymers with higher Molecular weight can be used. Suitable hydrocarbon sources can Isobutylene polymers and polymers consisting of a mixture of isobutene and a raffinate stream.

suitable Mannich base dispersants may ashless Mannich base dispersant which are formed by condensing about one mole of a long chain Hydrocarbon-substituted phenols of about 1 to about 2.5 mol of formaldehyde and about 0.5 to about 2 moles of polyalkylenepolyamine be formed.

Polymeric polyamine dispersants useful as the ashless dispersants are polymers containing basic amine radicals and oil-solubilizing radicals (for example, alkyl side radicals having at least about 8 carbon atoms). Such materials are exemplified by interpolymers formed from various monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether or relatively high molecular weight olefins with aminoalkyl acrylates and aminoalkyl acrylamides. Examples of the polymeric polyamine dispersant are in U.S. Pat. No. 3,329,658 ; 3,449,250 ; 3,493,520 ; 3,519,565 ; 3,666,730 ; 3,687,849 and 3,702,300 explained. Polymeric polyamines may include hydrocarbyl polyamines wherein the hydrocarbyl moiety is composed of the polymerization product of isobutene and a raffinate I stream as described above. PIB-amine and PIB-polyamines can also be used.

Methods for preparing ashless dispersants as described above are known to those skilled in the art and have been described in the patent literature. For example, the synthesis of various ashless dispersants of the above types in such patents as US Pat. No. 2,459,112 ; 2,962,442 ; 2,984,550 ; 3,036,003 ; 3,163,603 ; 3,166,516 ; 3,172,892 ; 3,184,474 ; 3,202,678 ; 3,215,707 ; 3,216,936 ; 3,219,666 ; 3,236,770 ; 3,254,025 ; 3,271,310 ; 3,272,746 ; 3,275,554 ; 3,281,357 ; 3,306,908 ; 3,311,558 ; 3,316,177 ; 3,331,776 ; 3,340,281 ; 3,341,542 ; 3,346,493 ; 3,351,552 ; 3,355,270 ; 3,368,972 ; 3,381,022 ; 3,399,141 ; 3,413,347 ; 3,415,750 ; 3,433,744 ; 3,438,757 ; 3,442,808 ; 3,444,170 ; 3,448,047 ; 3,448,048 ; 3,448,049 ; 3,451,933 ; 3,454,497 ; 3,454,555 ; 3,454,607 ; 3,459,661 ; 3,461,172 ; 3,467,668 ; 3,493,520 ; 3,501,405 ; 3,522,179 ; 3,539,633 ; 3,541,012 ; 3,542,680 ; 3,543,678 ; 3,558,743 ; 3,565,804 ; 3,567,637 ; 3,574,101 ; 3,576,743 ; 3,586,629 ; 3,591,598 ; 3,600,372 ; 3,630,904 ; 3,632,510 ; 3,632,511 ; 3,634,515 ; 3,649,229 ; 3,697,428 ; 3,697,574 ; 3,703,536 ; 3,704,308 ; 3,725,277 ; 3,725,441 ; 3,725,480 ; 3,726,882 ; 3,736,357 ; 3,751,365 ; 3,756,953 ; 3,793,202 ; 3,798,165 ; 3,798,247 ; 3,803,039 ; 3,804,763 ; 3,836,471 ; 3,862,981 ; 3,872,019 ; 3,904,595 ; 3,936,480 ; 3,948,800 ; 3,950,341 ; 3,957,746 ; 3,957,854 ; 3,957,855 ; 3,980,569 ; 3,985,802 ; 3,991,098 ; 4,006,089 ; 4,011,380 ; 4,025,451 ; 4,058,468 ; 4,071,548 ; 4,083,699 ; 4,090,854 ; 4,173,540 ; 4,234,435 ; 4,354,950 ; 4,485,023 ; 5,137,980 and Re 26,433 which are incorporated herein by reference.

An example of a suitable ashless dispersant is a borated dispersant. Borated dispersants may be prepared by treating with boron compounds of an ashless dispersant having a basic nitrogen and / or at least one hydroxyl group in the molecule such as a succinimide dispersant, succinamide dispersant, succinic ester dispersant, succinic ester amide dispersant, Mannich base dispersant or Hydrocarbylamine or polyamine dispersant.Processes which can be used for boriding the various types of ashless dispersants described above are disclosed in U.S.P. U.S. Pat. No. 3,087,936 ; 3,254,025 ; 3,281,428 ; 3,282,955 ; 2,284,409 ; 2,284,410 ; 3,338,832 ; 3,344,069 ; 3,533,945 ; 3,658,836 ; 3,703,536 ; 3,718,663 ; 4,455,243 and 4,652,387 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The borated dispersant can be a high molecular weight dispersant which one was treated with boron, so that the borated dispersant up about 2% by weight of boron, for example about 0.8% by weight or less Boron, as another example, about 0.1 to about 0.7 weight percent boron, as still another example about 0.25 to about 0.7 weight percent boron and, as another example, about 0.35 to about 0.7 weight percent boron includes. The dispersant may be dissolved in an oil of suitable viscosity for ease of handling. It is understood that the weight percentages given here for pure Dispersant apply without any added diluent oil.

One Dispersant may further be treated with an organic acid, a Anhydride and / or an aldehyde / phenol mixture are reacted. Such a method may, for example, be compatible with elastomeric seals increase. The borated dispersant may further comprise a mixture of borated dispersants. As another example For example, the borated dispersant may be a nitrogen-containing dispersant lock in and / or it may be free of phosphorus.

One Dispersant can be used in the lubricant composition in a Amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, for example, about From 1% to about 7% by weight, and as another example about 2% Wt .-% to about 5 wt .-% of the lubricant composition present be.

In an embodiment For example, the dispersant may be used in the disclosed lubricant composition be an ethylene-propylene dispersant. In particular, that can Dispersant, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, to which maleic anhydride grafted on and which was reacted with n-phenylphenylenediamine, be.

Low molecular weight ethylene-alpha-olefin-succinic anhydride dispersant, as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,075,383 and 6,117,825 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference, are also suitable for use herein. Also suitable in the present disclosure are ethylene-alpha-olefin polymers, as in US Pat. No. 5,266,223 ; 5,350,532 and 5,435,926 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Ethylene-propylene-diene polymers such as those described in U.S. Pat U.S. Pat. No. 4,952,637 . 5,356,999 . 5,374,364 and 5,424,366 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference, are also suitable.

A low molecular weight cross-linked ethylene-propylene-succinic anhydride dispersant is also suitable for use in the present invention. These crosslinked dispersants are similar to the low molecular weight ethylene-alpha-olefin-succinic anhydride dispersants discussed above, but additionally contain a multifunctional polyamine to achieve advantageous crosslinking, as in US Pat US Pat. No. 6,107,258 , the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference is described.

suitable Dispersants are from ethylene-alpha-olefin polymers with a Molecular weight in the range of about 300 to about 25,000, for example from about 1000 to about 15,000; and as another example of be derived from about 5,000 to about 15,000.

In an additional embodiment, the dispersant may comprise an amine-derivatized functionalized ethylene-propylene copolymer having a high level of grafting, such as fully contained in US Pat US Pat. No. 5,139,688 and 6,107,257 described, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

In one embodiment, the dispersant may be a functionalized olefin copolymer. The polymer or copolymer substrate can be prepared from ethylene and propylene or it may be prepared from ethylene and at least one higher olefin within the range of C ₃ to C ₂₃ alpha-olefins.

Non-limiting examples of polymers for use herein include copolymers of ethylene and at least one C ₃ to C ₂₃ alpha olefin. In one embodiment, copolymers of ethylene and propylene may be used. Other alpha-olefins which are suitable for forming the copolymer in place of propylene or which are used in combination with ethylene and propylene to form a terpolymer include 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1- Octene and styrene; α, ω-diolefins such as 1,5-hexadiene, 1,6-heptadiene, 1,7-octadiene; branched-chain alpha olefins such as 4-methylbutene-1,5-methylpentene-1 and 6-methylhepten-1; and mixtures thereof.

complex Polymeric substrates, often referred to as interpolymers, can be prepared using a third component. The third component, which is generally used to produce an interpolymer substrate may be a selected from non-conjugated dienes and trienes polyene monomer be. The nonconjugated diene component may be one having 5 to 14 Be carbon atoms in the chain. For example, the diene monomer characterized by the presence of a vinyl radical in its structure and it may include cyclic and bicyclo compounds. Representative Close serve 1,4-hexadiene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-methylene-2-norbornene, 1,5-heptadiene and 1,6-octadiene. A mixture More than one diene may be used in the preparation of the interpolymer be used. In one embodiment may be a non-conjugated diene for making a terpolymer or interpolymer substrate may be 1,4-hexadiene.

The Triene component can have at least two non-conjugated double bonds and up to about 30 carbon atoms in the chain. typical Trienes which in the preparation of the interpolymer of the invention useful are, can 1-isopropylidene-3α, 4,7,7α-tetrahydroindene, 1-isopropylidenedicyclopentadiene, dihydroisodicyclopentadiene and 2- (2-methylene-4-methyl-3-pentenyl) (2.2.1) bicyclo-5-heptene.

Ethylene-propylene or higher alpha-olefin copolymers may contain about 15 to 80 mole percent ethylene and about 85 to 20 mole percent C ₃ to C ₂₃ alpha-olefin having, for example, molar ratios of about 35 to 75 mole percent ethylene and about 65 to 25 mole percent of a C ₃ - to C ₂₃ -alpha-olefin include, for example, wherein 50 to 70 mole percent ethylene units and 50 to 30 mole percent C ₃ - to C ₂₃ alpha-olefin, and are, as another example of play 55 to 65 mole percent ethylene and 45 to 35 mole percent of C ₃ to C ₂₃ alpha-olefin.

Terpolymer the above polymers about 0.1 to 10 mole percent of a nonconjugated diene or triene include.

The terms polymer and copolymer can generally be used to include ethylene copolymers, terpolymers or interpolymers. These materials may include minor amounts of other olefin monomers as long as the basic characteristics of the ethylene copolymers are not physically altered. The person skilled in the art will know how to prepare these functionalized olefin copolymers. US Pat. No. 6,107,257 the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, for example, discloses processes for preparing functionalized olefin copolymers.

The dispersant may also be a polyalkyl (meth) acrylate copolymer comprising units derived from: (A) about 12 to about 18 weight percent methyl methacrylate; (B) about 75 to about 85 weight percent C ₁₀ -C ₁₅ alkyl (meth) acrylate (s); and (C) about 2 to about 5 weight percent of a nitrogen-containing dispersant monomer. The polyalkyl (meth) acrylate copolymers may comprise the reaction products of: (A) about 12 to about 18 weight percent methyl methacrylate; (B) about 75 to about 85 weight percent C ₁₀ -C ₁₅ alkyl (meth) acrylate (s); and (C) about 2 to about 5 weight percent of a nitrogen-containing dispersant monomer.

As used herein, C ₁₀ -C ₁₅ alkyl (meth) acrylate means an alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid having a straight or branched chain alkyl radical having 10 to 15 carbon atoms per radical, including, but not limited to, decyl (meth) acrylate , Isodecyl (meth) acrylate, undecyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, myristyl (meth) acrylate, dodecylpentadecyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.

The Alkyl (meth) acrylate comonomers having 10 or more carbon atoms in the alkyl radical can generally by standard esterification methods using of technical qualities of long-chain aliphatic alcohols, these being commercially available Alcohols Mixtures of alcohols with varying chain lengths in the alkyl radicals are produced. Consequently, it is for the purpose of this Revelation intends that alkyl (meth) acrylate not only the single alkyl (meth) acrylate product mentioned, but that it also mixtures of alkyl (meth) acrylates with a predominant Amount of said particular alkyl (meth) acrylate.

The Nitrogen-containing dispersant monomers used herein are suitable, close Dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide; N, N-diethylaminopropyl methacrylamide; N, N-dimethyl amino ethyl and N, N-diethylaminoethylacrylamide; and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates such as N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; N, N-diethylaminoethyl and N, N-dimethylaminoethylthiomethacrylate.

In one embodiment, the polyalkyl (meth) acrylate copolymers consist essentially of the reaction products of (A), (B) and (C). However, those skilled in the art will recognize that minor constituent levels of other monomers that are polymerizable with the monomers (A), (B), and / or (C) disclosed herein may be present so long as they do not adversely affect the low temperature properties of the fully formulated fluids. Typical additional monomers are present in an amount of less than about 5 weight percent, for example, in an amount of less than 3 weight percent and, as another example, in an amount of less than 1 weight percent. For example, the addition of minor constituent levels to monomers such as C ₂ -C ₉ alkyl (meth) acrylates, hydroxy or alkoxy containing alkyl (meth) acrylates, ethylene, propylene, styrene, vinyl acetate and the like is contemplated within the scope of this disclosure drawn. In one embodiment, the sum of the weight percent of (A), (B) and (C) is equal to 100%.

 The Copolymers can through various polymerization techniques, including radical and anionic polymerization.

conventional Radical polymerization processes can be used to prepare the copolymers be used. The polymerization of acrylic and / or methacrylic monomers can under a variety of conditions, including bulk polymerization, solution, normally in an organic solvent, preferably mineral oil, emulsion polymerization, Suspension polymerization and non-aqueous dispersion techniques, occur.

Possibly can other components may be present in the lubricant composition. nonlimiting Examples of other components include anti-wear agents, Detergent, diluent, defoamers, Demulsifiers, antifoam agents, corrosion inhibitors, agents for extreme prints, Sealant, antioxidant, pour point depressant, Rust inhibitors and friction modifiers.

The Lubricant compositions disclosed herein may be used for Lubricating everything can be used. In one embodiment the lubricant composition may be a motor composition, which is used to lubricate an engine. However, one will Those skilled in the art will understand that the disclosed lubricant compositions for lubricating anything, e.g. every surface, like those using thin film friction may be present. About that In addition, a method for reducing thin film friction of a fluid between surfaces which discloses providing the disclosed composition in the fluid.

It It is further contemplated that the lubricant compositions in any machinery, in which fuel economy a topic is, can be provided. In particular, a Procedure for increasing of fuel efficiency in a vehicle disclosing the Providing the disclosed composition in the vehicle.

Here is also a process for lubricating a machine, such as a Motors, transmissions, car transmission, a gearbox and / or an axle disclosed with the disclosed lubricant composition. In a further embodiment Will be a method for improving fuel efficiency in one Machine, such as a motor, gearbox, car transmission, a gearbox and / or an axle disclosed disclosing Lubricant composition in the machine, such as an engine, transmission, car transmission, a collecting gear and / or an axle comprises.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1 - Oil bases

It It is known in the industry that oil basics of Group II more as 90% saturated Hydrocarbons and less than 0.03% sulfur include and a viscosity index from about 80 to about 120. However, not all oil bases Group II has the same thin film friction properties on. The oil bases in Table 1 were prepared according to the method in Analytical Chemistry, 64: 2227 (1992), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference by reference, analyzed to determine the type of paraffins, Cycloparaffins and aromatics in the oil to determine.

The thin film coefficient of friction of various known oil bases (three Group II oil basestocks and one PAO) was measured at 100 ° C / 20 N load with a 20% slip to roll ratio at 1.5 m / s. TABLE 1 Base oils Thin-film friction coefficient Kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C % Tetracycloparaffins in the oil base A 0.066 4.05 cSt 3.33 B 0,044 4,60 cSt 1.48 C 0,030 4.09 cSt 1.57 PAO 0.027 4.00 cSt 0.00

As shown in Table 1, have an oil base A and an oil base C similar kinematic viscosities on, but the oil basis A has a higher one Thin-film friction coefficient. About that out has the oil basis B compared to the oil base A higher kinematic viscosity, but has a lower coefficient of thin film friction on. The results of PAO show that in an oil without tetracycloparaffins the thin film friction is low.

Furthermore showed those oil bases with less than about 3% tetracycloparaffins, as in Table 1 shown a lower thin-film friction, as measured using SAE 2003-01-1972 and SAE 961142. The skilled person will understand that the lower the thin film friction is, the better is the fuel economy.

Example 2 - Oil bases and phosphorus-containing links

SAE 2000-01-2030 shows that phosphorus-containing compounds films on surfaces which results in an increase in thin film friction. For example, zinc di-alkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) can cause that the thin film friction increases.

ZDDP is the most common in engine oils found phosphorus-containing compound.

Various phosphorus-containing compounds were combined / mixed / mixed / blended / mixed with each of the oil base A (an oil base with 3.33% tetracycloparaffins) and oil base C (an oil base with less than about 3% tetracycloparaffins), and its thin film coefficient of friction was measured as described in Example 1. TABLE 2 OIL BASIS A OIL BASIS C + 1% ZDDP 0.097 0.074 + 0.4% AAP 0,040 0.034 + 1% S-NPGP 0,069 0.066 + 0.4% phosphonate 0,055 0,035

The Results show that the thin film friction in oil bases, which comprise less than about 3% by weight tetracycloparaffins is. About that In addition, the results show that the thin film friction depends on the one in the oil basis existing phosphorus-containing compound are even more degraded can. The skilled person will understand that fuel efficiency is improved when the thin film friction is reduced, so that the use of a phosphorus-containing Compound providing a lower thin film friction, will be advantageous.

Example 3 - Combinations of Additives in an oil basis

It has been reported that when a complete complement of additives such as dispersants, detergents, antiwear agents and / or antioxidants is added to an oil, the thin film friction increases. See MT Devlin, T. Hammock and TC. Jao, "Effect of Mechanical Shear on the Thin Film Properties of Base Oil / Polymer Mixtures", Lubrication Science, vol. 14 (2), 2002, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference Several combinations of additives have been used with each of the oil bases A and oil base C combined / mixed / blended to determine its coefficient of thin film friction In the lubricant compositions, the ZDDP contained about 500 ppm of phosphorus and the molybdenum-containing friction modifier compound contained about 480 ppm of molybdenum When the dispersant was present in the additive package, it was similarly added at 3.0% by weight. The coefficient of thin film friction was measured as described in Example 1. TABLE 3 OIL BASIS A OIL BASIS C + 1% ZDDP 0.097 0.074 ZDDP / succinimide / glycerol 0.053 0,042 ZDDP / succinimide / molybdenum-containing friction modifier compound 0,055 0.047 ZDDP / succinimide / glycerol monooleate and molybdenum-containing friction modifier compound 0,069 0.062 ZDDP / functionalized olefin copolymer / glycerol monooleate 0.033 0,030 ZDDP / functionalized olefin copolymer / molybdenum-containing friction modifier compound 0,042 0,038 ZDDP / functionalized olefin copolymer / glycerol monooleate and molybdenum-containing friction modifier compound 0.043 0.033

The Results show that the additive compositions are lower Thin-film friction coefficient showed when in an oil basis which comprised less than about 3% tetracycloparaffins. About that In addition, the results show that the combinations of dispersants and friction modifiers with ZDDP have the adverse effects from ZDDP on the thin film friction restricted. The results also show that the additive compositions which the ZDDP and the functionalized olefin copolymer dispersant included, lower thin film coefficients of friction as the comparable compositions with succinimide dispersant showed. Further, the compositions showed glycerol monooleate as the sole friction modifier, lower thin film friction coefficients compared to the molybdenum-containing Friction modification compound alone or with glycerol monooleate.

At numerous places everywhere in this description, a number of U.S. patents patents published foreign Patent applications and published Reference is made to technical literature. All such listed documents be explicit Completely included in this revelation as if it were completely here had been set out.

For the purpose this description and attached claims Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers are to be those Expressing quantities, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values, which are used in the description and the claims, as in all cases viewed modified with the term "about" become. Accordingly, unless otherwise stated in the following description and the attached claims given numerical parameter approximations, which depends from the desired ones Properties that are attempted by the present disclosure to obtain, can vary. After all and not as an attempt, the application under the principle of equivalents on the scope of the claims restrict each number parameter should at least take into account the number of indicated significant digits and using simple Rounding techniques are designed.

It It is noted that the singular forms "one, one, one, one" and "the, the "as in this description and the attached claims used, include plural references, if not express and is clearly limited to a reference. So concludes for example a reference to "a Antioxidant "two or more different antioxidants. As used here is by the term "include" and its grammatical Variants does not intend to be limiting, so that a performance of items in a list not for the exclusion of others similar Points substituted for the listed points or added can be.

Even though special embodiments described the applicants or the skilled person alternatives, modifications, variations, Improvements and major equivalents, which are currently not visible or can be seen, aware become. Accordingly, it is intended that the attached claims, as submitted or how they changed can be all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements and essential equivalents include.

Claims (31)

A lubricant composition comprising an oil base, which comprises less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a phosphorus-containing compound. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the phosphorus-containing Compound is amylic acid phosphate. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the phosphorus-containing Compound a metal-containing, phosphorus-containing compound is. A composition according to claim 4, wherein the metal-containing, Phosphorus-containing compound a metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is. A composition according to claim 5, wherein the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the phosphorus-containing Compound a sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing compound is. A composition according to claim 7, wherein the sulfur-containing, Phosphorus-containing compound of thiophosphates, dithiophosphates, Sulfur-containing neopentyl glycol phosphite and a salt of a Sulfur-containing neopentyl glycol phosphite is selected. A composition according to claims 1 to 8, further comprising a dispersant. A composition according to claim 9, wherein the dispersant at least one of succinimide, borated succinimide, Mannich dispersant, functionalized olefin copolymer and poly (meth) acrylate copolymers is. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the dispersant is a succinimide. A composition according to claim 9, wherein the dispersant an amine-derivatized functionalized ethylene-propylene copolymer with a high level of grafting. A composition according to claims 1 to 12, further comprising a friction modifier. A composition according to claim 13, wherein here Friction modifier at least one of a non-nitrogen containing Compound, a nitrogen-containing compound and an ash-containing Connection is. A composition according to claim 14, wherein the nitrogen-containing Compound is a long-chain alkyleneamine. The composition of claim 15, wherein the long chain Alkyleneamine from N-oleyltrimethylenediamine, N-tallowtrimethylenediamine, Kokostrimethylendiamin and mixtures thereof is selected. A composition according to claim 14, wherein the nitrogen-containing Compound is diethanolamine. The composition of claim 14, wherein the ash-containing Compound a molybdenum-containing Compound comprising sulfur is. A composition according to claim 14, wherein the molybdenum-containing Compound of molybdenum carboxylates, Molybdänamiden, Molybdänthiophosphaten, Molybdänthiocarbamaten and mixtures thereof is. A composition according to claim 14, wherein said not Nitrogen-containing compound is a polyol ester. The composition of claim 20, wherein the polyol ester selected from glycerol monooleate and glycerol monolaurate. A composition comprising an oil base which is less as about 3% by weight comprises tetracycloparaffins; a metal-containing, Phosphorus-containing compound; a dispersant; and a friction modifier. A composition according to claim 22, wherein the dispersant is a succinimide. A composition according to claim 23, wherein the friction modifier at least one of a non-nitrogen-containing compound and a molybdenum containing Connection is. A composition comprising an oil base which is less as about 3% by weight comprises tetracycloparaffins; a metal-containing, Phosphorus-containing compound; an ethylene-propylene copolymer; and a friction modifier. A method of reducing thin film friction of a fluid between surfaces, comprising Providing a composition comprising an oil base comprising less than about 3 weight percent tetracycloparaffins in the fluid. Method for increasing fuel efficiency in a vehicle, comprising providing a composition, which an oil basis comprising less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins, in the vehicle. Engine, gearbox or gearbox, which with a lubricant composition according to claims 1 to 25 are lubricated. A method of lubricating a machine comprising providing the lubricant composition according to claims 1 to 25 in the machine. The method of claim 29, wherein the machine engages Gear is. The method of claim 29, wherein the machine engages Engine is.