DE102007010104A1 - Macro-encapsulated latent heat accumulator material is claimed for accumulating heat and cold with different phase transition temperatures - Google Patents

Macro-encapsulated latent heat accumulator material is claimed for accumulating heat and cold with different phase transition temperatures Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102007010104A1
DE102007010104A1 DE102007010104A DE102007010104A DE102007010104A1 DE 102007010104 A1 DE102007010104 A1 DE 102007010104A1 DE 102007010104 A DE102007010104 A DE 102007010104A DE 102007010104 A DE102007010104 A DE 102007010104A DE 102007010104 A1 DE102007010104 A1 DE 102007010104A1
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latent heat
heat storage
storage material
macroencapsulated
material according
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Silke Dipl.-Ing. Thümmler
Martina Dr. Bremer
Katrin Dipl.-Ing. Thümmler
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FORSCH CHEMIE UMWELTTECHNIK UN
Forschungsinstitut fur Chemie Umwelttechnik und Recycling Ev- Vercur Ev
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FORSCH CHEMIE UMWELTTECHNIK UN
Forschungsinstitut fur Chemie Umwelttechnik und Recycling Ev- Vercur Ev
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7352—Thickness, e.g. very thin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2022/00—Hollow articles
    • B29L2022/002—Globes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/779—Heating equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • F28F2275/067—Fastening; Joining by welding by laser welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Abstract

The macro-encapsulated latent heat accumulator material (4) is claimed for accumulating heat and cold. The latent heat storage material is brought into two polyolefin shaped parts (1, 2) that result in joining of spherical particles and are connected by laser welding on the pressfit overlap edge. The polyolefin shaped parts represent a laser-transparent upper section and a laser-absorbing lower section, and have an overlap edge for pressfit when joining the upper and lower part. The polyolefin shaped parts contain strengthening constructions to increase the firmness. The macro-encapsulated latent heat accumulator material (4) is claimed for accumulating heat and cold. The latent heat storage material is brought into two polyolefin shaped parts (1, 2) that result in joining of spherical particles and are connected by laser welding on the pressfit overlap edge. The polyolefin shaped parts represent a laser-transparent upper section and a laser-absorbing lower section, and have an overlap edge for pressfit when joining the upper and lower part. The polyolefin shaped parts contain strengthening constructions to increase the firmness. The largest expansion of the particles is 20-120 mm. The wall thickness of the polyolefin shaped parts depending upon the cap size is 500-2000 mu m. The polyolefin shaped parts are joined after solidification of the fused latent heat storage material to the filling and are connected. The latent heat storage material is introduced on the basis of phase change material (PCM) from inorganic salts and salt hydrates and/or eutectic mixtures with phase change temperatures of 0-150[deg] C. The PCM contains if necessarily additives like stratification inhibitors and/or nucleating agents for cycle stabilization. A metal layer is chemically or mechanically applied for reaching water vapor tightness. The spherical particles are manufactured and introduced in the form of a bulk material.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial zur latenten Speicherung von Wärme oder Kälte in Form von Phasenumwandlungswärme.The The present invention relates to a macroencapsulated latent heat storage material for the latent storage of heat or cold in the form of phase transformation heat.

Energiespeicherung in Form von Wärme oder Kälte dient der zeitlichen und örtlichen Entkopplung von Energieangebot und -bedarf und damit der effizienteren Nutzung von Energiequellen. PCM sind als Speichermaterialien bekannt, um Wärme oder Kälte durch Nutzung der Schmelzenthalpie zu speichern. Eingesetzt werden dafür Salze, Salzhydrate oder deren Gemische sowie organische Verbindungen (z. B. Paraffine).energy storage in the form of heat or cold serves the temporal and local decoupling of energy supply and demand and thus the more efficient use of energy sources. PCM are as Storage materials are known to heat or cold to save by using the enthalpy of fusion. Be used for salts, salt hydrates or mixtures thereof and organic Compounds (eg paraffins).

Der Einsatz von Salzen, Salzhydraten und deren Mischungen – die die höchsten Schmelzenthalpien besitzen – ist mit verschiedenen Problemen verbunden, welche den Einsatz als Speichermaterial erschweren. Die Funktionalität von Salzen und Salzhydraten als Speichermaterial ist stark von der exakten Zusammensetzung abhängig, wobei diese PCM aber in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln (u. a. Wasser) löslich und oft hygroskopisch sind oder bei Temperaturerhöhung leicht Hydratwasser abgeben. Zusätzlich wirken deren Schmelzen in den meisten Fällen stark korrosiv, so dass aus diesen Gründen eine Verkapselung unerlässlich ist.Of the Use of salts, salt hydrates and their mixtures - the which possess the highest enthalpies of fusion associated with various problems that complicate the use as a storage material. The functionality of salts and salt hydrates as storage material is highly dependent on the exact composition, wherein however, these PCM are soluble in various solvents (including water) and are often hygroscopic or increase in temperature easily give off water of hydration. In addition, their melts act in most cases strongly corrosive, so from these Reasons encapsulation is essential.

Prinzipiell sind zwei Wege zur Verkapselung der anorganischen PCM möglich. Auf dem Markt erhältliche Produkte werden ausschließlich durch mechanisches Verkapseln, d. h. durch Befüllen von Behältnissen aus Metallen, Kunststoffen oder Kombinationen dieser Materialien in sehr unterschiedlichen Dimensionen – von Folientaschen bis Container –, welche meist für den speziellen Anwendungsfall konzipiert und konstruiert sind, hergestellt. Aus der Literatur sind ferner Verfahren zur chemischen Verkapselung von geformten PCM-Partikeln mit Kunststoffen oder Paraffinen durch Tauch-, Sprüh- oder Dragierprozesse bekannt.in principle Two ways of encapsulating the inorganic PCM are possible. Products available on the market become exclusive by mechanical encapsulation, d. H. by filling from Containers of metals, plastics or combinations of these materials in very different dimensions - from Foil bags to containers - which are mostly for the specific application are designed and constructed. From the literature are also methods for chemical encapsulation molded PCM particles with plastics or paraffins Dipping, spraying or coating processes known.

In der EP-PS 1429086 wird ein Speicherelement für Latentschichtenspeicher beschrieben, welches aus einem vorzugsweise kugelförmigen Behälter für ein Speichermedium mit hohem Enthalpiegehalt, wobei der kugelförmige, vorzugsweise aus zwei Halbkugeln zusammengesetzte, Behälter eine durch einen Niet oder dergleichen verschließbare Einfüllöffnung für das zuvor verflüssigte Speichermedium aufweist, besteht. Der Stahlbehälter hat typischerweise einen Durchmesser von etwa 100 mm bei einer Behälterwandstärke zwischen 0,6 und 1,2 mm. Eine andere Verkapselungsmethode wird in DE-PS 2343525 beschrieben, wobei das Wärmespeichermittel (Bariumhydroxid-octahydrat) in kugelförmigen Behältern aus rostfreiem Stahl verpackt ist, die aus halbkugelförmigen Schalen bestehen, welche längs eines Flansches miteinander verbunden sind.In the EP-PS 1429086 a storage element for latent-layer storage is described, which consists of a preferably spherical container for a storage medium having a high enthalpy, wherein the spherical, preferably composed of two hemispheres, container has a closable by a rivet or the like filling opening for the previously liquefied storage medium exists. The steel container typically has a diameter of about 100 mm with a container wall thickness between 0.6 and 1.2 mm. Another encapsulation method is used in DE-PS 2343525 described, wherein the heat storage medium (barium hydroxide octahydrate) is packaged in spherical stainless steel containers, which consist of hemispherical shells, which are interconnected along a flange.

Stand der Technik für das Herstellen von kunststoffverkapselten sphärischen Partikeln ist das Befüllen von meist Polyolefin-Hohlkugeln durch eine Einfüllöffnung, die anschließend durch verschiedene Schweißtechniken, wie z. B. Spiegelschweißen, verschlossen werden. Am Markt erhältlich sind mit einem anorganischen Latentspeichermaterial im Temperaturbereich zwischen –32°C und 116°C und einer Wärmeüberträgerflüssigkeit befüllten Polyolefin-Kugeln mit einem Durchmesser von 75 mm und einer Wandstärke von 1,2 mm. Ein ähnliches Produkt, allerdings nur mit einem Latentwärmespeichermaterial im Temperaturbereich zwischen –33°C und 27°C befüllt, bietet die Firma Cristopia mit einem Durchmesser von 77 bis 98 mm an. Hier sind die Polyolefin-Kugeln über eine Einfüllöffnung befüllt, die anschließend mit einem Stöpsel mittels Ultraschallschweißen verschlossen wird. In der Kapsel befindet sich ein Luftpolster, um die Volumenänderung während des Phasenübergangs zu kompensieren.was standing the technique for producing plastic encapsulated Spherical particles is filling mostly Polyolefin hollow spheres through a filling opening, followed by various welding techniques, such as B. mirror welding to be closed. On the market are available with an inorganic latent storage material in the temperature range between -32 ° C and 116 ° C and a heat transfer fluid filled polyolefin balls with a diameter of 75 mm and a wall thickness of 1.2 mm. A similar Product, but only with a latent heat storage material in the Temperature range between -33 ° C and 27 ° C filled, the company offers Cristopia with a diameter from 77 to 98 mm. Here are the polyolefin balls over a filling hole filled, then closed with a plug by means of ultrasonic welding becomes. In the capsule is an air cushion to the volume change during the phase transition.

Um den Nachteil der schlechten Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei verkapselten Latentwärmespeichermaterialien mit großen Partikeldurchmessern auszugleichen, ist in JP-PS 11153392 die Verwendung eines Kernstabes, welcher durch die Einfüllöffnung eingebracht wird und bis in die Kapselmitte reicht, beschrieben. Eine andere Lösung ist die in JP-PS 10153392 beschriebene konische Aussparung in der Kapsel, durch welche die Kapseloberfläche und damit die Wärmeaustauschfläche vergrößert wird.To compensate for the disadvantage of poor thermal conductivity in encapsulated latent heat storage materials with large particle diameters, is in JP-PS 11153392 the use of a core rod, which is introduced through the filling opening and extends into the center of the capsule described. Another solution is the in JP-PS 10153392 described conical recess in the capsule through which the capsule surface and thus the heat exchange surface is increased.

Nachteil der meisten erhältlichen mechanisch verkapselten Latentwärmespeichermaterialien ist der hohe Entwicklungsaufwand der Behälter für spezifische Anwendungen und der damit verbundene hohe Kostenaufwand bei sehr eingeschränkten Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Für einen universelleren Einsatz in Form eines Schüttgutes, welches in unterschiedlichste Speichergeometrien eingebracht werden kann, eignen sich nur die kugelförmigen Behälter aus Edelstahl oder Polyolefinen. Aufgrund der Größe dieser Behälter eignen sich diese nur für Prozesse mit sehr langsamen Wärmeübergängen oder für entsprechend große Speicher, die dann nur z. T. mit dem Latentspeichermaterial befüllt sind, um durch ein Puffervolumen, welches nur mit Wärmeüberträgerflüssigkeit gefüllt ist, eine schnelle Bereitstellung von gespeicherter Wärme oder Kälte zu realisieren.disadvantage Most available mechanically encapsulated latent heat storage materials is the high development effort of the container for specific Applications and the associated high cost at very limited applications. For a more universal use in the form of a bulk material, which can be inserted into a wide variety of storage geometries, Only the spherical containers made of stainless steel are suitable or polyolefins. Due to the size of these containers These are only suitable for processes with very slow heat transfer or for correspondingly large memory, then only z. T. are filled with the latent storage material, by a buffer volume, which only with heat transfer fluid is filled, a fast deployment of stored To realize heat or cold.

Das Befüllen von Behältern über eine kleine Einfüllöffnung erfordert eine hohe Präzision, um das Kapselmaterial an der Einfüllöffnung nicht mit PCM zu verunreinigen, was das dichte Verschließen der Einfüllöffnung unterbindet. Mit kleiner werdendem Kugeldurchmesser und damit geringerem Dosiervolumen ist diese Präzision bei einer Massenproduktion nur mit erheblichem technischen Aufwand und damit großen Kosten zu erreichen.The filling of containers via a small filling opening requires a high degree of precision in order not to contaminate the capsule material at the filling opening with PCM, which prevents the tight closing of the filling opening. With decreasing ball diameter and thus lower dosing volume, this precision is in mass production only with considerable technical effort and thus to achieve high costs.

Die Herstellung der Edelstahlbehälter ist mit hohen Material- und Prozesskosten verbunden. Das Eigengewicht des Latentwärmespeichermaterials wird durch das hohe Behältergewicht ungeeignet für die Anwendung in großen Speicherbehältern.The Production of the stainless steel container is with high material and litigation costs. The dead weight of the latent heat storage material is Due to the high container weight unsuitable for the Application in large storage tanks.

Sowohl bei den Metall- als auch bei den Kunststoffhohlkörpern sind Verbindungsnähte Schwachstellen bezüglich der Dichtheit der Kapseln. Bei den befüllten Polyolefin-Hohlkugeln, bestehend aus zwei längs einer Schweißnaht verbundenen Halbkugeln, gibt es neben der Verbindungsnaht der Halbkugeln eine weitere durch die ebenfalls verschweißte Einfüllöffnung.Either in the metal as well as in the plastic hollow bodies seams are weak points regarding the tightness of the capsules. In the filled polyolefin hollow spheres, consisting of two hemispheres connected along a weld, There is next to the seam of the hemispheres through another the likewise welded filling opening.

Für die derzeit zur Herstellung von Kunstoff-Hohlkugeln und das Verschließen der Einfüllöffnungen eingesetzten Schweißverfahren wird ein Anpressdruck benötigt, der über eine bestimmte Halte- oder Abkühlzeit beibehalten werden muss, um eine stabile Verbindung herzustellen.For currently used for the production of plastic hollow spheres and sealing the filling openings used welding process a contact pressure is needed, which has a certain holding or cooling time must be maintained, to make a stable connection.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe gegenüber dem Stand der Technik besteht in der Entwicklung eines makroverkapselten Latentwärmespeichermaterials, welches für unterschiedliche Anwendungszwecke mit unterschiedlichen Phasenübergangstemperaturen und Wärmeübergangsleistungen in Form eines Schüttgutes eingesetzt werden kann.The inventive task over the Prior art exists in the development of a macroencapsulated Latent heat storage material, which for different Applications with different phase transition temperatures and heat transfer performance in the form of a bulk material can be used.

Um die dem Stand der Technik gegenüber bestehende Aufgabe zu realisieren, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, Latentwärmespeichermaterial mittels Laserschweißtechnik mit Polyolefinen in Form sphärischer Partikel makrozuverkapseln.Around the task prior to the prior art to realize, is provided according to the invention, Latent heat storage material by means of laser welding technology macro-encapsulate with polyolefins in the form of spherical particles.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst, indem Kapseln aus Polyolefin (Zeichnung 1) eingesetzt werden, welche aus zwei Formteilen, von denen ein Teil (1) aus einem lasertransparenten und das andere Teil (2) aus einem laserabsorbierenden Material besteht, nach dem Befüllen mit Latentwärmespeichermaterial (4), welches vorzugsweise flüssig ist, zusammengesetzt werden und an einer Fügenaht (3) mittels Laserschweißtechnik verbunden werden.The object is achieved according to the invention by using capsules of polyolefin (drawing 1), which consist of two molded parts, one part ( 1 ) from a laser-transparent and the other part ( 2 ) consists of a laser-absorbing material, after filling with latent heat storage material ( 4 ), which is preferably liquid, are assembled together and attached to a joint seam ( 3 ) are connected by means of laser welding technology.

Erfindungsgemäß entsteht durch das Befüllen der Formteile vor dem Zusammensetzen vorteilhafterweise keine zusätzliche Verbundnaht. Der Verschluss wird durch Laserschweißen erreicht.According to the invention arises by filling the moldings before assembly advantageously no additional composite seam. The closure is achieved by laser welding.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Möglichkeit, die Polyolefinformteile mit Konstruktionen zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit (wie z. B. Rippen) zu verstärken, kann die Wandstärke reduziert werden, was zu einer wesentlichen Verbesserung der Wärmeübertragung durch die Kapselwand führt.By the possibility according to the invention, the Polyolefin moldings with constructions for increasing the To strengthen strength (such as ribs), the wall thickness be reduced, resulting in a significant improvement of heat transfer through the capsule wall leads.

Weiterhin kann vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, die laserverschweißten sphärischen Partikel – je nach Erfordernis – mit einer zusätzlichen Metallisierung zu versehen.Farther can be advantageously provided, the laser welded spherical particles - as required to provide an additional metallization.

Die Erfindung hat den Vorteil, dass verschiedene PCM auf der Basis von Salzen und Salzhydraten im Temperaturbereich zwischen 0°C und 150°C auf diesem Weg zu sphärischen Partikeln unterschiedlicher Größe und Form mit einer einheitlichen Technologie makroverkapselt werden können. Das Kapselmaterial ist dabei ökologisch unbedenklich und preiswert.The Invention has the advantage that different PCM based on Salts and salt hydrates in the temperature range between 0 ° C and 150 ° C on this way to spherical particles different size and shape with a uniform technology can be macroencapsulated. The capsule material is ecological safe and inexpensive.

Durch die erfindungsgemäß flexible Gestaltung des Volumens der Partikel (4–500 ml) kann das verkapselte Latentwärmespeichermaterial für verschiedene Anwendungen und Speichergrößen konfektioniert werden.By the invention flexible design of the volume The particle (4-500 ml) can be the encapsulated latent heat storage material for different applications and memory sizes be made up.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht in der Möglichkeit das makroverkapselte Latentwärmespeichermaterial als Schüttgut herzustellen, was eine sichere und unkomplizierte Befüllung von Speicherbehältern vor Ort sowie den Austausch des Speichermediums in Havariefällen ermöglicht. Das erfindungsgemäß vorteilhafte Schüttgut kann in variablen Speicherbehältergeometrien und -größen unproblematisch eingesetzt werden, wobei für den Transport flexible Verpackungseinheiten und formen möglich sind.One Another advantage of the invention is the possibility the macroencapsulated latent heat storage material as bulk material what a safe and easy filling of storage containers on site and the replacement of the storage medium in case of emergency. The invention advantageous Bulk material can be stored in variable storage tank geometries and sizes are used without problems, being for transport flexible packaging units and shapes are possible.

Es zeigenIt demonstrate

1: Sphärische makroverkapselte LWSM Partikel 1 : Spherical macroencapsulated LWSM particles

2: lasertransparentes Polyolefinoberteil 2 : laser-transparent polyolefin shell

3: laserabsorbierendes Polyolefinunterteil 3 : laser-absorbing polyolefin base

11
oberes Polyolefinformteilupper Polyolefinformteil
22
unteres Polyolefinformteillower Polyolefinformteil
33
Fügezone für das Laserschweißenjoint zone for laser welding
44
LWSMLWSM

Beispiel 1example 1

Latentwärmespeichermaterial in sphärischer Kapsel – Durchmesser 40 mm:Latent heat storage material in spherical capsule - diameter 40 mm:

Als PCM wird Natriumacetat-trihydrat eingesetzt, welches im aufgeschmolzenen Zustand mit 2,2% Verdicker und 1,2% Keimbildner versetzt ist. Das Schmelzgemisch ist in PP-Halbschalen (2 und 3) mit einer Wandstärke von 500 μm dosiert, die im erstarrten Zustand des Latentwärmespeichermaterials so zusammengefügt sind, dass die Fügezone (3 1) eine Presspassung ergibt. An der Fügezone sind die befüllten Halbschalen mittels Laserschweißen über eine 1–2 mm starke Schweißnaht verbunden.As PCM sodium acetate trihydrate is used, which is mixed in the molten state with 2.2% thickener and 1.2% nucleating agent. The melt mixture is in PP half-shells ( 2 and 3 ) metered with a wall thickness of 500 microns, which in the solidified state of the latent heat storage materials are joined together so that the joining zone ( 3 1 ) gives a press fit. At the joining zone, the filled half-shells are connected by laser welding via a 1-2 mm thick weld seam.

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • - EP 1429086 [0005] - EP 1429086 [0005]
  • - DE 2343525 [0005] - DE 2343525 [0005]
  • - JP 11153392 [0007] JP 11153392 [0007]
  • - JP 10153392 [0007] - JP 10153392 [0007]

Claims (12)

Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial zur latenten Wärme- und Kältespeicherung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Latentwärmespeichermaterial in zwei Polyolefinformteile, die zusammengefügt einen sphärischen Partikel ergeben und mittels Laserschweißen verbunden sind, eingebracht ist.Makroverkapseltes latent heat storage material for latent heat and cold storage, characterized in that the latent heat storage material in two polyolefin molded parts, which together give a spherical particles and are connected by laser welding, is introduced. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dessen Polyolefinformteile ein lasertransparentes Oberteil und ein laserabsorbierendes Unterteil darstellen.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin molded parts represent a laser-transparent upper part and a laser-absorbing lower part. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dessen Polyolefinformteile eine Überlappungskante zur Presspassung beim Zusammenfügen des Ober- und Unterteils aufweisen.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 2, characterized in that the polyolefin molded parts an overlap edge for press fitting during assembly of the upper and lower part have. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 1–3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dessen Verbindung durch Laserschweißen an der pressgepassten Überlappungskante erfolgt.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the Bonding by laser welding to the press-fitted overlap edge he follows. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 1–3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dessen Polyolefinformteile verstärkende Konstruktionen zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit enthalten können.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the Polyolefin moldings reinforcing constructions to increase may contain the strength. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 1–5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die größte Ausdehnung der Partikel zwischen 20 mm und 120 mm beträgt.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 1-5, characterized in that the largest Expansion of the particles between 20 mm and 120 mm. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 1–5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wandstärken der Polyolefinformteile je nach Kapselgröße zwischen 500 μm und 2000 μm liegen.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 1-5, characterized in that the wall thicknesses the Polyolefinformteile depending on the capsule size between 500 microns and 2000 microns are. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 1–7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dessen Polyolefinformteile nach dem Erstarren des zum Befüllen vorzugsweise aufgeschmolzenen Latentwärmespeichermaterials zusammengefügt und verbunden sind.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 1-7, characterized in that the Polyolefin moldings after solidification of the filling preferably melted latent heat storage material joined together and connected. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 1 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Latentwärmespeichermaterial auf der Basis von PCMs aus anorganischen Salzen und Salzhydraten bzw. eutektischen Mischungen aus denselben mit Phasenwechseltemperaturen zwischen 0°C und 150°C eingesetzt ist.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that the latent heat storage material based on PCMs from inorganic salts and salt hydrates or eutectic mixtures of the same with phase change temperatures between 0 ° C and 150 ° C is used. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das PCM wenn nötig Zusätze wie Stratifikationsverhinderer und/oder Keimbildner zur Zyklenstabilisierung enthält.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 9, characterized in that the PCM if necessary Additives such as stratification inhibitors and / or nucleating agents for cycle stabilization. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial nach Anspruch 1–10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erreichung einer Wasserdampfdichtheit zusätzlich chemisch oder mechanisch eine Metallschicht aufgebracht ist.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material according to claim 1-10, characterized in that to achieve a water vapor tightness additionally chemically or mechanically a metal layer is applied. Makroverkapseltes Latentwärmespeichermaterial zur Wärme- und Kältespeicherung nach Anspruch 1–11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sphärischen Partikel in Form eines Schüttgutes hergestellt und eingesetzt sind.Macroencapsulated latent heat storage material for heat and cold storage according to claim 1-11, characterized in that the spherical Particles in the form of a bulk material produced and used are.
DE102007010104A 2007-03-02 2007-03-02 Macro-encapsulated latent heat accumulator material is claimed for accumulating heat and cold with different phase transition temperatures Withdrawn DE102007010104A1 (en)

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DE102009013189A1 (en) 2009-03-17 2010-09-23 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Hot water storage device useful in catering or in transport box for drugs, comprises capsules to receive phase change material, where the capsules have lower half-shell and upper half-shell, which completely surround phase change material
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DE202010007146U1 (en) * 2010-05-26 2011-09-07 Rehau Ag + Co. electric vehicle
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DE102014217394A1 (en) 2014-09-01 2016-03-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Latent heat storage, process for its production and use of containers produced by pressure forming or train forming for the encapsulation of phase change material
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