DE102007008200A1 - Thermal and electrical energy producing method, involves using dissipated heat energy for heating tap water and/or building, and supplying electrical energy into local network and/or regional network - Google Patents

Thermal and electrical energy producing method, involves using dissipated heat energy for heating tap water and/or building, and supplying electrical energy into local network and/or regional network Download PDF

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DE102007008200A1
DE102007008200A1 DE102007008200A DE102007008200A DE102007008200A1 DE 102007008200 A1 DE102007008200 A1 DE 102007008200A1 DE 102007008200 A DE102007008200 A DE 102007008200A DE 102007008200 A DE102007008200 A DE 102007008200A DE 102007008200 A1 DE102007008200 A1 DE 102007008200A1
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thermal
process according
electrical energy
energy
collector
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Benjamin Krah
Florian Krah
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KRAH BRIGITTE und WILFRIED
Krah Brigitte und Wilfried Dr Als Gesetzliche Vertreter Des Minderjahrigen Krah Benjamin
Krah Brigitte und Wilfried Dr Als Gesetzliche Vertreter Des Minderjahrigen Krah Florian
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KRAH BRIGITTE und WILFRIED
Krah Brigitte und Wilfried Dr Als Gesetzliche Vertreter Des Minderjahrigen Krah Benjamin
Krah Brigitte und Wilfried Dr Als Gesetzliche Vertreter Des Minderjahrigen Krah Florian
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
    • H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
    • H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
    • H01L31/0376—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including amorphous semiconductors
    • H01L31/03762—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including amorphous semiconductors including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves generating electrical power by photovoltaic cells (5) of amorphous silicon. A copper plate (3) with tubes is provided for accommodating fluidic frost-proof heat exchanger medium. A larger volume of the heat exchanger medium is conducted by a thermal insulation body (2) so that temperature at the photovoltaic cells amounts to minimum of 35 degrees centigrade and maximum of 65 degrees centigrade. The dissipated heat energy is used for heating tap water and/or building, and electrical energy is supplied into a local network and/or a regional network.

Description

Gegenstand der ErfindungSubject of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Gewinnung thermischer und elektrischer Energie aus gebündelter Sonnenstrahlung.The The invention relates to a process for the simultaneous recovery of thermal and electrical energy from bundled Solar radiation.

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention

Beim heutigen Stand der Technik im Bereich der solaren Energiegewinnung werden üblicher Weise Elemente zur Gewinnung elektrischer Energie (Fotovoltaik, Solarzellen) oder zur Gewinnung thermischer Energie (Solarthermie, Solarkollektoren) angewandt. Beide Systeme benötigen zur Bereitstellung der üblicherweise geforderten Energiemengen relativ große Flächen. Dies liegt in der begrenzten spezifischen Solarleistung, die in den mitteleuropäischen Breiten selten 800 W/m2 überschreitet. Desweiteren werden Solarthermieelemente und solarelektrische Zellen nur parallel miteinander eingesetzt. Der Nachteil dieser Lösungen liegt darin, dass zum Einen große Flächen belegt werden müssen und ferner wegen der in der Regel starren Montage (typisch Südseite mit ca. 40° ± 15° zur Horizontalen) erheblichen Verluste wegen der meist schräg zur Fläche auffallenden Solarstrahlung in Kauf genommen werden müssen.In the current state of the art in the field of solar energy production usually elements for the production of electrical energy (photovoltaic, solar cells) or for the production of thermal energy (solar thermal energy, solar collectors) are applied. Both systems require relatively large areas to provide the amount of energy usually required. This is due to the limited specific solar power, which rarely exceeds 800 W / m 2 in Central European latitudes. Furthermore, solar thermal elements and solar electric cells are used only in parallel with each other. The disadvantage of these solutions is that on the one hand large areas must be occupied and also because of the usually rigid mounting (typically south side with about 40 ° ± 15 ° to the horizontal) significant losses because of the most oblique to the surface striking solar radiation in purchasing must be taken.

Es sind Systeme bekannt, wo entweder die solaren Engergiegewinnungselemente gedreht werden oder aber drehbare Spiegel hierfür verwendet werden, um optimale Sonneneinstrahlungswinkel zu erreichen. Auch hierbei handelt es sich um relativ große Anlagen, die in privaten Bereichen daher noch keine Verbreitung gefunden haben.It Systems are known where either the solar energy generating elements or rotatable mirrors are used for optimal To achieve solar irradiation angle. This is also true to be relatively large Plants that are not yet distributed in private areas therefore have found.

Ein weiterer Nachteil bei fotovoltaischen Systemen liegt in der z. T. großen Aufheizung der Elemente, da weniger als 20% der Strahlung in elektrische Energie umgewandelt werden und daher unter Berücksichtigung der Strahlungsreflexion rund 60 bis 70% der eingestrahlten Leistung in Wärme umgewandelt wird. Dies bringt Temperaturen von z. T. mehr als 100°C mit Leistungsverlusten von bis zu 45% bezogen auf 25°C mit sich. Aus diesem Grund wurden bereits kombinierte Systeme angewandt, wo fotovoltaische Solarzellen mittels integrierten Kühlsystemen auf 20–25°C gekühlt wurden, um einen möglichst optimalen elektrischen Stromgewinnungsfaktor zu erzielen. Die hierbei auf einem Temperaturniveau von max. 25°C bleibende Wärme war in der Regel für Heizprozesse nicht oder höchst eingeschränkt verwendbar. Ferner wurden wieder sehr große Flächen benötigt, um brauchbare elektrische Leistungen zu erzielen.One Another disadvantage of photovoltaic systems is in the z. T. huge Heating of the elements, since less than 20% of the radiation in electrical Energy are converted and therefore taking into account the radiation reflection around 60 to 70% of the radiated power is converted into heat. This brings Temperatures of z. T. more than 100 ° C with power losses of up to 45% based on 25 ° C with himself. For this reason, combined systems have already been used where photovoltaic solar cells by means of integrated cooling systems cooled to 20-25 ° C, to one as possible to achieve optimum electrical power generation factor. The hereby at a temperature level of max. 25 ° C was lasting heat usually for Heating processes not or highest limited usable. Furthermore, again very large areas were needed to usable electrical services to achieve.

Die oben beschriebene Situation ist insbesondere für den privaten Anwender nicht befriedigend, da zur Gewinnung thermischer und/oder elektrischer Energie große finanzielle Investitionen sowie große geometrische und in der Regel südgerichtete Flächen benötigt werden.The The situation described above is not particularly for the private user satisfactory, since for the production of thermal and / or electrical Energy big financial investment as well as large geometric and in the Usually south-facing areas are needed.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Ausgehend vom dargelegten Stand der Technik und der beschriebenen Nachteile liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Gewinnung thermischer und elektrischer Energie aus solarer Strahlung aufzuzeigen, welches effektiv arbeitet und u. a. auch unter Anwendung strahlungsbündelnder Spiegel und der hierdurch verringerten Kollektorflächen für den Privatnutzer wirtschaftlich und tauglich ist.outgoing from the state of the art and the disadvantages described The present invention is based on the object, a method for the simultaneous production of thermal and electrical energy from solar radiation, which works effectively and u. a. also with the use of radiation-bundling mirrors and thereby reduced collector areas for the Private user is economical and suitable.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs gelöst. Die Bündelung solarer Strahlung, die senkrecht auf die in etwa nordgerichtete Kollektorfläche fällt, ermöglicht die Verwendung kleiner geometrischer Flächen (2–10 m2) und somit verringerter finanzieller Investition. Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt in der vorgestellten Kombination bekannter Systeme ein völlig neues Konzept dar, welches dem Investor ermöglicht, hoch effizient Wärme- und elektrische Energie zu erzeugen.The object is achieved by a method with the features of the claim. The bundling of solar radiation, which is perpendicular to the approximately north-facing collector surface, allows the use of small geometric areas (2-10 m 2 ) and thus reduced financial investment. The present invention represents a completely new concept in the presented combination of known systems, which enables the investor to generate heat and electrical energy with high efficiency.

Ausführungsbeschreibung (beispielhaft) Zur Bündelung werden in der Regel plane Spiegel, im Ausnahmefall auch gewölbte Spiegel hoher Reflexion eingesetzt. Diese werden auf geeignete, möglichst höhere nördliche Standorte (z. B. Garagendach, Carportdach, Maste, etc.) südgerichtet aufgebaut. Es ist darauf zu achten, dass auch im Winterfall möglichst der gesamte Sonnenlauf von dem Spiegelstandort aus störungsfrei gesehen werden kann. Dies ist häufig auch gestalterisch/architektonisch möglich, da auf der Nordseite von Wohngebäuden meistens die Nebenräume sowie der Hauszugang und vor allem Garagen und/oder Carports angesiedelt werden, auf denen derartige Standorte planbar sind.version Description (exemplary) For bundling are usually plane mirrors, in exceptional cases also curved mirrors high reflection used. These are on appropriate, as possible higher northern Locations (eg garage roof, carport roof, masts, etc.) facing south built up. It is important to ensure that even in winter as possible the entire course of the sun from the mirror location trouble-free can be seen. This is common also structurally / architecturally possible, as on the north side of residential buildings mostly the side rooms as well as the house access and above all garages and / or carports settled become possible on which such locations can be planned.

Die Spiegel erhalten elektrische Antriebe für die Vertikal- und Horizontalachsen in der Art, dass die Spiegel dem Sonnenlauf mit halber Geschwindigkeit folgen und somit das Sonnenlicht immer auf den gleichen Ort reflektieren. Bei Energieüberangebot drehen die Spiegel den Abbildungsort der Sonne über den Dachfirst, so dass das reflektierte Licht niemanden stört oder gefährdet.The Mirrors receive electric drives for the vertical and horizontal axes in the way that the mirrors follow the course of the sun at half speed and thus always reflect the sunlight in the same place. In excess energy the mirrors turn the picture-place of the sun over the roof-ridge, so that The reflected light does not bother or endanger anyone.

Der Kollektor wird auf der Gebäudenordseite in etwa nordgerichtet vertikal oder geneigt so angebracht, dass die von den Spiegeln herrührende Strahlung nahezu parallel zur Kollektorfläche von vorne einfällt.Of the Collector is on the building north side in placed north-facing vertically or inclined so that the Radiation originating from the mirrors almost parallel to the collector surface invades from the front.

Der Kollektor selber besteht von vorne (Bestrahlungsseite) nach hinten aus folgenden Funktionsschichten:

  • 1. Glasscheibe hoher Transparenz und geringer Absorption, aber hoher IR-Reflexion (z. B. Weißglas), zur Erzielung des so genannten Treibhauseffektes
  • 2. Luftraum oder Vakuumraum, Dicke nicht vorgegeben
  • 3. Solarelektrische Zelle aus kristallinen oder amorphen Siliziumzellen oder solarelektrische Zellen andersartiger Funktionen mit elektrischem Wirkungsgrad mit derzeit weniger als z. B. 20%.
  • 4. Wärmeleitkleber mit hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitig hohem elektrischem Widerstand zur Kurzschlussvermeidung.
  • 5. Wärmeleiterplatte mit thermisch gekoppelter möglichst enger Verrohrung (z. B. Kupfer), entweder integriert oder addiert, für den Durchfluss von frostsicheren Wärmetauschermedien.
  • 6. Wärmedämmkörper geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit und möglichst großer Dicke, das Gesamtelement umschließend, zur Vermeidung thermischer Verluste.
The collector itself consists of the front (irradiation side) to the rear of the following functional layers:
  • 1. Glass pane of high transparency and low absorption, but high IR reflection (eg white glass), to achieve the so-called greenhouse effect
  • 2. Airspace or vacuum space, thickness not specified
  • 3. Solar electric cell of crystalline or amorphous silicon cells or solar electric cells of different functions with electrical efficiency currently less than z. 20%.
  • 4. Thermal adhesive with high thermal conductivity with high electrical resistance for short-circuit prevention.
  • 5. Thermal conductor plate with thermally coupled as narrow as possible piping (eg copper), either integrated or added, for the flow of frost-resistant heat exchange media.
  • 6. heat insulation body low thermal conductivity and the largest possible thickness, enclosing the entire element, to avoid thermal losses.

Die von den solarelektrischen Elementen abgeführte elektrische Energie (Strom) wird mittels bekannter herkömmlicher Technik in das lokale Netz (Inselstrom) und/oder das regionale Netz (Energielieferant) eingespeist. Die in der Wärmetauscherverrohrung mittels frostsicherem Wärmetauschmedium abgeführte thermische Energie auf einem Temperaturniveau von typisch 50°C ± 15°C wird über einen bekannten, herkömmlichen Wärmetauscher mit Pumpensteuerung (Temperaturdifferenzregelung) in einen oder mehrere Wasserspeicher eingespeist. Der/die Speicher werden für die Brauchwasserbereitstellung und/oder Gebäudeheizung eingesetzt. Ein andersartiger Wärmeenergieeinsatz wird nicht ausgeschlossen. Bei diesem Betrieb verliert die Solarzelle bezogen auf 25°C lediglich 13 ± 5% ihres Wirkungsgrades. Ein typischer Aufbau der Zelle ist in der Anlage 1 wiedergegeben.The electrical energy dissipated by the solar-electric elements (electricity) is by means of known conventional Technology in the local network (island stream) and / or the regional network (Energy supplier) fed. The in the heat exchanger piping means frost-resistant heat exchange medium dissipated thermal energy at a temperature level of typically 50 ° C ± 15 ° C is over a known, conventional heat exchangers with pump control (temperature difference control) in one or several water tanks fed. The store (s) will be used for service water delivery and / or building heating used. A different kind of thermal energy use is not excluded. In this operation, the solar cell loses based on 25 ° C only 13 ± 5% their efficiency. A typical structure of the cell is in the plant 1 reproduced.

Die Erfindung beschränkt sich in ihrer Ausführung nicht auf das vorstehend angegebene Ausführungsbeispiel und ist insbesondere nicht nur auf den privaten Bereich beschränkt. Vielmehr ist eine Anzahl von Varianten denkbar, die vom grundlegenden Gedanken der Erfindung Gebrauch macht.The Restricted invention in their execution not to the embodiment given above and is in particular not limited only to the private sector. Rather, a number conceivable variants of the basic idea of the invention Use.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Gewinnung von thermischer und elektrischer Energie mittels gebündelter Sonnenstrahlung dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch mehrere plane Spiegel, die so bewegt werden, dass sie ganztägig das Sonnenlicht immer nahezu parallel zur Oberflächennormalen eines Kollektors reflektieren, und so das Sonnenlicht auf einen Kollektor gebündelt wird. Der Kollektor besteht in der Reihenfolge des Lichtdurchgangs aus folgenden Funktionsgruppen: 1a.) Glasscheibe hoher optischer Transparenz, geringer Absorption bei hoher Reflexion im IR-Bereich (z. B. sog. Weißglas). 1b.) Luftraum 1c.) Fotovoltaische Zelle aus amorphem Silizium zur Erzeugung elektrischer Leistung einschließlich aller Funktionselemente und Anschlüsse 1d.) Kleber hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit und gleichzeitig hohem elektrischem Widerstand 1e.) Kupferplatte oder anders geartete Wärmetauscherplatte mit integrierten Rohren zur Aufnahme eines flüssigen frostbeständigen Wärmetauschermediums. 1f.) Wärmedämmmantel, die gesamte Anordnung 1a.) bis 1e.) umschließend und möglichst großer Dicke Das Wärmetauschermedium wird so betrieben, dass die Temperatur an der fotovoltaischen Zelle min. 35°C und max. 65°C beträgt (Regelwert 50°C). Die abgeführte Wärmeenergie dient in der Regel zur Brauchwassererwärmung und/oder Gebäudeheizung. Die elektrische Energie wird in das lokale Netz (Inselstrom) und/oder das regionale Netz (Energieversorger) eingespeist.Process for the simultaneous production of thermal and electrical energy by means of concentrated solar radiation, characterized in that by several plane mirrors, which are moved so that they reflect the sunlight almost all day almost parallel to the surface normal of a collector all day, and so the sunlight is focused on a collector. The collector consists of the following groups of functions in the sequence of light transmission: 1a.) Glass pane of high optical transparency, low absorption with high reflection in the IR range (eg so-called white glass). 1b.) Air space 1c.) Amorphous silicon photovoltaic cell for generating electric power including all functional elements and terminals 1d.) High thermal conductivity adhesive and high electrical resistance at the same time 1e.) Copper plate or other type of heat exchanger plate with integrated tubes for holding a liquid frost-resistant heat exchange medium. 1f.) Wärmedämmmantel, the entire arrangement 1a.) To 1e.) Enclosing and the largest possible thickness The heat exchange medium is operated so that the temperature at the photovoltaic cell min. 35 ° C and max. 65 ° C (control value 50 ° C). The dissipated heat energy is usually used for domestic water heating and / or building heating. The electrical energy is fed into the local grid (island current) and / or the regional grid (utility company). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, aber mit Vakuum anstelle der Luftschicht (1b.) zur Verbesserung des thermischen Wirkungsgrades und zur Frostsicherung.Process according to claim 1, but with vacuum instead the air layer (1b.) To improve the thermal efficiency and frost protection. Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, aber mit photoelektrischen Zellen aus kristallinem Silizium. (1c.)Process according to claims 1 or 2, but with photoelectric Crystalline silicon cells. (1c.) Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, aber mit photoelektrischer Zelle heute noch unbekannter Bauart, aber mit mindestens 50% thermischer Absorption (1c.).Process according to claims 1 or 2, but with photoelectric Cell of still unknown design, but with at least 50% thermal Absorption (1c.). Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, aber anstelle integrierter Rohre thermisch verbundene Rohre (1e.).Process according to claims 1 to 4, but instead integrated pipes thermally connected pipes (1e.). Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, aber mit heute noch unbekannter Funktionsschicht zur Auskopplung thermischer Energie an der fotoelektrischen Zelle mit thermischer Stabilisierung bei 50°C ± 15°C und gleichzeitiger Ausnutzung der ausgekoppelten Energie zur Erzeugung warmen Wassers und/oder Heizzwecken (1a.).Process according to claims 1 to 4, but with today still unknown functional layer for the extraction of thermal energy at the photoelectric cell with thermal stabilization at 50 ° C ± 15 ° C and more simultaneously Utilization of the decoupled energy to produce warm water and / or Heating purposes (1a.). Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, aber unter Verwendung eines oder mehrerer einachsig oder zweiachsig gewölbter Spiegel (1).Process according to claims 1 to 7, but using one or more uniaxial or biaxial domed mirrors (1). Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, mit Bündelung des Lichts nach Abbildung mit planen Spiegeln gleicher Größe in Richtung des Kollektors und Abbildung der Spiegelfläche auf diesem (siehe Anlage 2).Process according to Claims 1 to 8, with bundling of the light after imaging with planar mirrors of the same size in the direction of the collector and Illustration of the mirror surface on this (see Appendix 2). Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, aber Verwendung der thermischen Energie zu anderen als Heizzwecken oder der Erreichung warmen Brauchwassers.Process according to claims 1 to 8, but use thermal energy to other than heating purposes or achievement warm tap water. Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, aber unter Verwendung mehrerer ggf. voneinander abweichender Kollektoren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9 (1a.–1f.).Process according to claims 1 to 9, but using several optionally divergent collectors according to claims 1 to 9 (1a-1f.).
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