DE102006045731A1 - Electro-dynamic drive system for motor vehicle, has electrical machine to and fro transferable between non-short circuit and short circuit operations by switching device, such that storage does not exceed allowable maximum voltage - Google Patents

Electro-dynamic drive system for motor vehicle, has electrical machine to and fro transferable between non-short circuit and short circuit operations by switching device, such that storage does not exceed allowable maximum voltage Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102006045731A1
DE102006045731A1 DE102006045731A DE102006045731A DE102006045731A1 DE 102006045731 A1 DE102006045731 A1 DE 102006045731A1 DE 102006045731 A DE102006045731 A DE 102006045731A DE 102006045731 A DE102006045731 A DE 102006045731A DE 102006045731 A1 DE102006045731 A1 DE 102006045731A1
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Prior art keywords
drive system
electric machine
short circuit
circuit operation
switching device
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DE102006045731A
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German (de)
Inventor
Wolfgang SCHÖN
Stefan Wallner
Notker Dr. Amann
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The system (1) has an electrical machine (2) and a planetary gear (3) arranged between an internal combustion engine (4) and a switching transmission (5). The electrical machine operated as a generator is to and fro transferable between a non-short circuit operation and a short circuit operation by a switching device (8), such that electrical energy storage assigned to the electrical machine does not exceed allowable maximum voltage. The electrical machine is designed as permanent magnetically excited synchronous machine. An independent claim is also included for a method for operation of an electro-dynamic drive system of a vehicle in predetermined vehicle modes of operation.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 6.The The invention relates to an electrodynamic drive system according to the The preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates a method for operating an electrodynamic drive system according to the preamble of claim 6.

Aus der DE 199 34 696 A1 sowie aus der DE 101 52 471 A1 ist jeweils ein elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem eines Fahrzeugs bekannt, welches eine elektrische Maschine und ein Planetengetriebe zwischen einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem Schaltgetriebe umfasst. Das Planetengetriebe der dort offenbarten elektrodynamischen Antriebssysteme umfasst ein Sonnenrad, ein Hohlrad und einen Planetenträger, wobei der Planetenträger mit dem Schaltgetriebe, das Hohlrad mit dem Verbrennungsmotor und das Sonnenrad mit der elektrischen Maschine verbunden ist. Die elektrische Maschine des elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems ist einerseits als Motor und andererseits als Generator betreibbar.From the DE 199 34 696 A1 as well as from the DE 101 52 471 A1 In each case, an electrodynamic drive system of a vehicle is known, which comprises an electric machine and a planetary gear between an internal combustion engine and a manual transmission. The planetary gear of the disclosed there electrodynamic drive systems comprises a sun gear, a ring gear and a planet carrier, wherein the planet carrier is connected to the gearbox, the ring gear to the engine and the sun gear to the electric machine. The electric machine of the electrodynamic drive system is operable on the one hand as a motor and on the other hand as a generator.

In bestimmten Fahrzeugbetriebsarten, so z. B. beim Anfahren des Fahrzeugs, wird die elektrische Maschine des elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems in einer ersten Teilphase als Generator und in einer zweiten Teilphase als Motor betrieben, wobei dann, wenn die elektrische Maschine als Generator betrieben wird, dieselbe einen elektrischen Strom bzw. eine elektrische Spannung generiert, die in einem der elektrischen Maschine zugeordneten elektrischen Energiespeicher gespeichert werden kann. Dann hingegen, wenn die elektrische Maschine als Motor betrieben wird, gibt der elektrische Energiespeicher die gespeicherte elektrische Energie ab. Dann, wenn die elektrische Maschine als Generator betrieben wird, wird demnach der elektrische Energiespeicher aufgeladen, wohingegen dann, wenn die elektrische Maschine als Motor betrieben wird, der elektrische Energiespeicher entladen wird.In certain vehicle modes, such. B. when starting the vehicle, is the electric machine of the electrodynamic drive system in a first subphase as a generator and in a second subphase operated as a motor, wherein when the electric machine as Generator is operated, the same an electric current or a electrical voltage generated in one of the electric machine associated electrical energy storage can be stored. Then, on the other hand, when the electric machine is operated as a motor is, the electrical energy storage is the stored electrical Energy off. Then, when the electric machine operated as a generator is, therefore, the electric energy storage is charged, whereas when the electric machine is operated as a motor, the electrical energy storage is discharged.

Elektrische Energiespeicher verfügen gegenüber dem Entladeverhalten insbesondere bei tiefen Temperaturen über ein relativ schlechtes Ladeverhalten, was dadurch begründet ist, dass elektrische Energiespeicher bei niedrigen Temperaturen im Ladefall einen relativ hohen Innenwiderstand aufweisen. Beim Aufladen eines elektrischen Energiespeichers im Generatorbetrieb der elektrischen Maschine des elektrodynamischen Antriebsystems kann sich demnach relativ rasch ein hoher Spannungsanstieg ausbilden, der die zulässige Maximalspannung des elektrischen Energiespeichers überschreitet. Um eine Beschädigung des elektrischen Energiespeichers durch Überschreiten der zulässigen Maximalspannung zu verhindern, wird nach der Praxis entweder die Ladeleistung reduziert oder der elektrische Energiespeicher größer dimensioniert. Die Reduzierung der Ladeleistung führt zu einer eingeschränkten Funktionalität des elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems. Die Vergrößerung des elektrischen Energiespeichers verursacht eine Gewichtserhöhung sowie höhere Kosten.electrical Energy storage feature across from the discharge behavior especially at low temperatures over relatively poor charging behavior, which is justified by that electrical energy storage at low temperatures in the loading case have a relatively high internal resistance. When charging a electrical energy storage in generator operation of the electric Machine of the electrodynamic drive system can accordingly relatively quickly form a high voltage rise, the maximum allowable voltage exceeds the electrical energy storage. To damage the electrical energy storage by exceeding the maximum allowable voltage To prevent, in practice either the charging power is reduced or the electrical energy storage larger dimensions. The reduction the charging power leads to a limited functionality of the electrodynamic Drive system. The enlargement of the electrical energy storage causes an increase in weight and higher costs.

Es besteht daher Bedarf an einem elektrodynamischen Antriebssystem, bei welchem selbst bei einem relativ klein dimensionierten elektrischen Energiespeicher und bei relativ tiefen Temperaturen im Ladefall nicht die Gefahr besteht, dass die zulässige Maximalspannung des elektrischen Energiespeichers überschritten wird, so dass sämtliche Funktionen des elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems ausgeführt werden können.It There is therefore a need for an electrodynamic drive system, in which even with a relatively small-sized electrical Energy storage and at relatively low temperatures in the loading case there is no risk that the maximum permissible voltage of the electrical Energy storage exceeded so that all Functions of the electrodynamic drive system are executed can.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung das Problem zu Grunde, ein neuartiges elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben zu schaffen.Of these, Based on the present invention, the problem underlying a novel electro-dynamic drive system and a method to operate it.

Dieses Problem wird durch ein elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This Problem is solved by an electro-dynamic drive system according to claim 1 solved.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die als Generator betriebene, elektrische Maschine derart von einer Schalteinrichtung zwischen einem Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb und einem Kurzschlussbetrieb hin und her überführbar, dass ein der elektrischen Maschine zugeordneter, elektrischer Energiespeicher eine Abschaltschwelle, insbesondere eine zulässige Maximalspannung, nicht überschreitet.According to the invention operated as a generator, electric machine of such a switching device between a non-short circuit operation and a short circuit operation to and fro, that one of the electrical machine associated, electrical energy storage a Abschaltschwelle, in particular an allowable maximum voltage does not exceed.

Im Sinne der hier vorliegenden Erfindung ist die als Generator betriebene, elektrische Maschine zwischen dem Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb und dem Kurzschlussbetrieb derart hin und her überführbar, dass die Abschaltschwelle des elektrischen Energiespeichers nicht überschritten wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird demnach die elektrische Maschine dann, wenn dieselbe als Generator betrieben wird, derart gezielt in den Kurzschlussbetrieb überführt, dass eine Abschaltschwelle zum Schutz des elektrischen Energiespeichers nicht überschritten wird und somit eine Schutzfunktionalität für den elektrischen Energiespeicher nicht aktiviert werden muss.in the Meaning of the present invention is operated as a generator, electric machine between the non-short circuit operation and the short circuit operation so to and fro, that the switch-off threshold of the electrical energy storage device is not exceeded becomes. Accordingly, according to the invention the electric machine then, when operated as a generator is so deliberately transferred to the short-circuit operation that a shutdown threshold not exceeded for the protection of the electrical energy storage is and thus a protective functionality for the electrical energy storage does not have to be activated.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung überführt in bestimmten Fahrzeugbetriebsarten, insbesondere beim Anfahren des Fahrzeugs, die Schalteinrichtung die als Generator betriebene elektrische Maschine getaktet zwischen einem Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb und einem Kurzschlussbetrieb hin und her.To an advantageous development of the invention transferred in certain vehicle operating modes, especially when starting the vehicle, the switching device the operated as a generator electric machine clocked between a non-short-circuit operation and a short circuit operation and forth.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems ist in Anspruch 6 definiert.The inventive method to operate an electrodynamic drive system is required 6 defined.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden, ohne hierauf beschränkt zu sein, an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.Preferred developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings.

Dabei zeigt:there shows:

1 eine schematisiere Darstellung eines elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems umfassend eine zwischen einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem Schaltgetriebe angeordnete, elektrische Maschine sowie ein Planetengetriebe; 1 a schematic representation of an electrodynamic drive system comprising an arranged between an internal combustion engine and a transmission, electric machine and a planetary gear;

2 eine schematisiere Darstellung eines Details der elektrischen Maschine des elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems und 2 a schematic representation of a detail of the electrical machine of the electrodynamic drive system and

3 einen drehzahlabhängigen Drehmomentverlauf im Kurzschlussbetrieb der elektrischen Maschine des elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems. 3 a speed-dependent torque curve in short circuit operation of the electric machine of the electrodynamic drive system.

1 zeigt eine schematisierte Darstellung eines elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems 1 mit einer elektrischen Maschine 2 und einem Planetengetriebe 3, wobei das elektrische Antriebssystem 1 zwischen einen Verbrennungsmotor 4 und ein Schaltgetriebe 5 geschaltet ist. Vom Verbrennungsmotor 4 ist schematisiert eine Kurbelwelle 6 dargestellt, wobei die Kurbelwelle 6 des Verbrennungsmotors 4 über eine Dämpfungseinrichtung 7 mit einer Hohlradwelle 8 und damit mit einem Hohlrad 9 des Planetengetriebes 3 gekoppelt ist. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electro-dynamic drive system 1 with an electric machine 2 and a planetary gear 3 , wherein the electric drive system 1 between an internal combustion engine 4 and a manual transmission 5 is switched. From the internal combustion engine 4 is schematized a crankshaft 6 shown, wherein the crankshaft 6 of the internal combustion engine 4 via a damping device 7 with a ring gear shaft 8th and thus with a ring gear 9 of the planetary gear 3 is coupled.

Eine Eingangswelle 10 des Schaltgetriebes 5 ist mit einem Planetenradträger 11 eines Planetenrads 12 des Planetengetriebes 3 gekoppelt, ein Sonnenrad 13 des Planetengetriebes 3 ist hingegen mit der elektrischen Maschine 2, nämlich einem Rotor bzw. einem Läufer 14 desselben, verbunden. Ein Stator bzw. Ständer 15 der elektrischen Maschine 2 umschließt den Läufer 14 desselben radial außen. Zwischen den Läufer 14 der elektrischen Maschine 2 und die Hohlradwelle 8 des Planetengetriebes 3 ist gemäß 1 eine Reibungskupplung 16 geschaltet.An input shaft 10 of the gearbox 5 is with a planet carrier 11 a planetary gear 12 of the planetary gear 3 coupled, a sun gear 13 of the planetary gear 3 is on the other hand with the electric machine 2 namely a rotor or a rotor 14 the same, connected. A stator or stand 15 the electric machine 2 encloses the runner 14 the same radially outside. Between the runners 14 the electric machine 2 and the ring gear shaft 8th of the planetary gear 3 is according to 1 a friction clutch 16 connected.

Wird das elektrodynamische Antriebssystem 1 der 1 zum Anfahren eines Fahrzeugs verwendet, so wird die elektrische Maschine 2 des elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems in einer ersten Phase des Anfahrvorgangs als Generator und in einer nachfolgenden zweiten Phase des Anfahrvorgangs als Motor betrieben, wobei dann, wenn die elektrische Maschine 2 als Generator betrieben wird, ein der elektrischen Maschine zugeordneter elektrischer Energiespeicher 17 (siehe 2) geladen bzw. aufgeladen wird. Wird hingegen die elektrische Maschine 2 als Motor betrieben, so entlädt sich der derselben zugeordnete elektrische Energiespeicher 17. in diesem Zusammenhang ist von Bedeutung, dass der elektrische Energiespeicher 17 gegenüber einem Entladeverhalten über ein schlechteres Ladeverhalten verfügen, so dass dann, wenn die elektrische Maschine 2 als Generator betrieben wird, sich an dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 17 ein hoher Spannungsanstieg ausbilden kann, so dass die Gefahr besteht, dass die zulässige Maximalspannung des elektrischen Speichers 17 überschritten wird. Dies muss vermieden werden.Will the electrodynamic drive system 1 of the 1 used to start a vehicle, then the electric machine 2 the electrodynamic drive system in a first phase of the starting operation as a generator and in a subsequent second phase of the starting operation as a motor, wherein when the electric machine 2 is operated as a generator, an electrical machine associated electrical energy storage 17 (please refer 2 ) is charged or charged. If, however, the electric machine 2 operated as a motor, so it discharges the same associated electrical energy storage 17 , In this context, it is important that the electrical energy storage 17 compared to a discharge behavior have a poorer charging behavior, so that when the electric machine 2 is operated as a generator, to the electric energy storage 17 can form a high voltage increase, so that the risk exists that the maximum permissible voltage of the electrical storage 17 is exceeded. This must be avoided.

Erfindungsgemäß umfasst das elektrodynamische Antriebssystem 1 zur Vermeidung, dass dann, wenn dasselbe beim Anfahren als Generator betrieben wird, die zulässige Maximalspannung des elektrischen Speichers 17 überschritten wird, eine Schalteinrichtung 18, welche die als Generator betriebene, elektrische Maschine 2 derart zwischen einem Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb und einem Kurzschlussbetrieb hin und her überführt, dass der elektrische Energiespeicher 17 seine zulässige Maximalspannung nicht überschreitet. Hierzu wird beim Anfahren des Fahrzeugs in der ersten Phase des Anfahrvorgangs, in welcher die elektrische Maschine 2 als Generator betrieben wird, die elektrische Maschine 2 getaktet zwischen dem Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb und dem Kurzschlussbetrieb hin und her überführt, wobei sich die Taktfrequenz verändern kann.According to the invention, the electrodynamic drive system comprises 1 to avoid that when the same is operated as a generator when starting, the maximum allowable voltage of the electrical storage 17 is exceeded, a switching device 18 , which is the electric machine operated as a generator 2 such transferred between a non-short circuit operation and a short circuit operation back and forth that the electrical energy storage 17 does not exceed its permissible maximum voltage. For this purpose, when starting the vehicle in the first phase of the starting process, in which the electric machine 2 operated as a generator, the electric machine 2 timed switched between the non-short-circuit operation and the short-circuit operation back and forth, wherein the clock frequency can change.

Durch das gezielte Überführen des elektrischen Antriebs 2 vom Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb in den Kurzschlussbetrieb kann über den gesamten Anfahr vorgang vermieden werden, dass der elektrische Energiespeicher 17 seine zulässige Maximalspannung überschreitet. Insofern werden Beschädigungen des elektrischen Energiespeichers 17 vermieden, ohne dass die Funktionalität des elektrodynamischen Antriebssystems 1 beschränkt wird.By deliberately transferring the electric drive 2 From the non-short-circuit operation in the short-circuit operation can be avoided over the entire starting process that the electrical energy storage 17 exceeds its permissible maximum voltage. In this respect, damage to the electrical energy storage 17 avoided without affecting the functionality of the electrodynamic drive system 1 is limited.

Vorzugsweise ist die elektrische Maschine 2 als permanentmagnetisch erregte Synchronmaschine ausgebildet, wobei die Schalteinrichtung 18 zur Überführung der elektrischen Maschine 2 vom Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb in den Kurzschlussbetrieb alle drei Phasen 19, 20 und 21 der Synchronmaschine kurzschließt.Preferably, the electric machine 2 designed as a permanent magnet excited synchronous machine, wherein the switching device 18 for the transfer of the electrical machine 2 from non-short-circuit operation to short-circuit operation, all three phases 19 . 20 and 21 the synchronous machine shorts.

Gemäß 2 ist die Schalteinrichtung 18 als separate Baugruppe ausgeführt, wobei Schalter 22 der Schalteinrichtung 18 von einer Stelleinrichtung 23 angesteuert werden. Bei der Stelleinrichtung 23 handelt es sich vorzugsweise um einen sogenannten Wechselrichter der elektrischen Maschine 2. Die Schalteinrichtung 18 kann auch in die als Wechselrichter ausgebildete Stelleinrichtung 23 integriert sein.According to 2 is the switching device 18 designed as a separate module, with switches 22 the switching device 18 from an actuator 23 be controlled. At the adjusting device 23 it is preferably a so-called inverter of the electric machine 2 , The switching device 18 can also in the trained as an inverter adjusting device 23 be integrated.

Wie bereits ausgeführt, wird im Sinne der hier vorliegenden Erfindung beim Anfahren des Fahrzeugs die als Generator betriebene, elektrische Maschine 2 getaktet vom Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb in den Kurzschlussbetrieb sowie umgekehrt vom Kurzschlussbetrieb in den Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb überführt, wobei im Kurzschlussbetrieb an der elektrischen Maschine 2 ein geringeres Drehmoment anliegt als im Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb.As already stated, in the sense of the present invention when starting the vehicle is operated as a generator, electric machine 2 Switched from non-short-circuit operation to short-circuit operation and vice versa from short transferred to the non-short-circuit operation, wherein in short-circuit operation of the electric machine 2 a lower torque than in non-short-circuit operation.

3 zeigt einen exemplarischen, drehzahlabhängigen Drehmomentverlauf im Kurzschlussbetrieb der elektrischen Maschine 2, wobei auf der horizontal verlaufenden Achse 24 die Drehzahl und auf der vertikal verlaufenden Achse 25 das sogenannte Kurzschlussmoment der elektrischen Maschine 2 aufgetragen ist. Durch eine entsprechende Dimensionierung der elektrischen Maschine 2 kann das Kurzschlussmoment so eingestellt werden, dass bei jeder Drehzahl derselben die zulässige Maximalspannung des elektrischen Speichers 17 nicht überschritten wird. 3 shows an exemplary, speed-dependent torque curve in the short-circuit operation of the electric machine 2 , being on the horizontal axis 24 the speed and on the vertical axis 25 the so-called short-circuit torque of the electric machine 2 is applied. By appropriate dimensioning of the electrical machine 2 the short-circuit torque can be set so that at each speed of the same the maximum allowable voltage of the electrical storage 17 is not exceeded.

Für die elektrische Maschine 2 kann dann, wenn dieselbe als Generator betrieben wird, auch dauerhaft der Kurzschlussbetrieb aufrechterhalten werden, wobei dann lediglich eine entsprechende Kühlung der elektrischen Maschine 2 erforderlich ist, um die im Kurzschlussbetrieb entstehende Wärme abzuführen.For the electric machine 2 can then, if the same is operated as a generator, the short-circuit operation is also permanently maintained, in which case only a corresponding cooling of the electric machine 2 is required to dissipate the heat generated in short circuit operation.

Bevorzugt findet die Erfindung beim Anfahren eines Kraftfahrzeugs Verwendung. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf diesen Anwendungsfall beschränkt, vielmehr kann die Erfindung auch beim sogenannten Rangieren eines Fahrzeugs oder beim sogenannten Kriechen eines Fahrzeugs zum Einsatz kommen.Prefers finds the invention when starting a motor vehicle use. However, the invention is not limited to this application, but rather The invention can also be used in the so-called maneuvering of a vehicle or used in the so-called creep of a vehicle.

11
elektrodynamisches Antriebssystemelectrodynamic drive system
22
elektrische Maschineelectrical machine
33
Planetengetriebeplanetary gear
44
Verbrennungsmotorinternal combustion engine
55
Schaltgetriebemanual transmission
66
Kurbelwellecrankshaft
77
Dämpfungseinrichtungattenuator
88th
Hohlradwellering gear
99
Hohlradring gear
1010
Eingangswelleinput shaft
1111
Planetenradträgerplanet
1212
Planetenradplanet
1313
Sonnenradsun
1414
Läuferrunner
1515
Ständerstand
1616
Reibungskupplungfriction clutch
1717
elektrischer Energiespeicherelectrical energy storage
1818
Schalteinrichtungswitching device
1919
Phasephase
2020
Phasephase
2121
Phasephase
2222
Schalterswitch
2323
Stelleinrichtungsetting device
2424
Achseaxis
2525
Achseaxis

Claims (6)

Elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem eines Fahrzeugs, das eine elektrische Maschine (2) und ein Planetengetriebe (3) zwischen einem Verbrennungsmotor (4) und einem Schaltgetriebe (5) umfasst, wobei die elektrische Maschine einerseits als Generator und andererseits als Motor betreibbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die als Generator betriebene, elektrische Maschine (2) derart von einer Schalteinrichtung (8) zwischen einem Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb und einem Kurzschlussbetrieb hin und her überführbar ist, dass ein der elektrischen Maschine (2) zugeordneter, elektrischer Energiespeicher (17) eine Abschaltschwelle, insbesondere eine zulässige Maximalspannung, nicht überschreitet.Electrodynamic drive system of a vehicle having an electric machine ( 2 ) and a planetary gear ( 3 ) between an internal combustion engine ( 4 ) and a manual transmission ( 5 ), wherein the electric machine is operable on the one hand as a generator and on the other hand as a motor, characterized in that the operated as a generator, electric machine ( 2 ) of a switching device ( 8th ) is transferable between a non-short-circuit operation and a short-circuit operation, that one of the electric machines ( 2 ) assigned, electrical energy storage ( 17 ) does not exceed a switch-off threshold, in particular a permissible maximum voltage. Elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in bestimmten Fahrzeugbetriebsarten, insbesondere beim Anfahren und/oder beim Rangieren des Fahrzeugs, die Schalteinrichtung (8) die als Generator betriebene elektrische Maschine (2) getaktet zwischen einem Nicht Kurzschlussbetrieb und einem Kurzschlussbetrieb hin und her überführt.Electrodynamic drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that in certain vehicle operating modes, in particular when starting and / or maneuvering the vehicle, the switching device ( 8th ) the electric machine operated as a generator ( 2 ) clocked between a non-short circuit operation and a short circuit operation transferred back and forth. Elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Maschine (2) als permanentmagnetisch erregte Synchronmaschine ausgebildet ist.Electrodynamic drive system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electric machine ( 2 ) is designed as a permanent magnetically excited synchronous machine. Elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalteinrichtung in eine insbesondere als Wechselrichter ausgebildete Stelleinrichtung integriert ist.Electrodynamic drive system after one or several of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switching device in a particular integrated as an inverter trained adjusting device. Elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalteinrichtung (8) als separate Baugruppe ausgebildet ist.Electrodynamic drive system according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switching device ( 8th ) is designed as a separate module. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrodynamisches Antriebssystem eines Fahrzeugs in bestimmten Fahrzeugbetriebsarten, insbesondere beim Anfahren und/oder beim Rangieren des Fahrzeugs, wobei das elektrodynamische Antriebssystem eine elektrische Maschine und ein Planetengetriebe zwischen einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem Schaltgetriebe umfasst, und wobei die elektrische Maschine einerseits als Generator und andererseits als Motor betrieben wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die als Generator betriebene, elektrische Maschine derart von einer Schalteinrichtung zwischen einem Nicht-Kurzschlussbetrieb und einem Kurzschlussbetrieb hin und her überführt wird, dass eine Abschaltschwelle, insbesondere eine zulässige Maximalspannung, eines der elektrischen Maschine zugeordneten, elektrischen Energiespeichers nicht überschritten wird.Method for operating an electrodynamic drive system of a vehicle in certain vehicle operating modes, in particular when starting and / or maneuvering the vehicle, wherein the electrodynamic drive system comprises an electric machine and a planetary gear between an internal combustion engine and a manual transmission, and wherein the electrical machine on the one hand as a generator and on the other hand operated as a motor, characterized in that the Ge nerator operated, electric machine is so transferred from a switching device between a non-short circuit operation and a short circuit operation back and forth that a shutdown threshold, in particular an allowable maximum voltage, of the electric machine associated electrical energy storage is not exceeded.
DE102006045731A 2006-09-27 2006-09-27 Electro-dynamic drive system for motor vehicle, has electrical machine to and fro transferable between non-short circuit and short circuit operations by switching device, such that storage does not exceed allowable maximum voltage Withdrawn DE102006045731A1 (en)

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CN104071023A (en) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-01 福特全球技术公司 Low-Cost Circuit to Detect Faults of ISC Outputs and/or HV Bus Shorted to Chassis
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