DE102005050829A1 - Machining device, comprises machining tools movable in three directions as well as cutting unit movable in two directions - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) can be fitted with a portal arrangement (7) or with another kind of carrying unit suitable for processing large flat work-pieces (30), in particular separating the piece (30) and for performing drilling or milling operations at the individual items (31). The portal (7) can be moved horizontally, holding a carriage (15) moving horizontally along a guide (13) at the portal (7) and provided with a sliding facility (17) for a vertically movable spindle (19). A plasma arc cutting unit (27) is movable joined to the housing of the spindle (19).

Description

The The invention relates to a processing device with a movable Spindle drive, in particular a milling and / or drilling machine, with a Track unit for moving the spindle drive at least in one Direction over a workpiece to be machined, in particular a broad area Workpiece.

The DE 28 44 088 A1 describes a portal milling machine in which a movable on guides in the X direction portal is mounted on the left and right of a large-scale work surface. The work surface is used to hold a large-scale workpiece or a plurality of juxtaposed workpieces. Parallel to the transverse bar of the movable portal, a guide is formed in the Y direction, on which a plurality of carriages are movably mounted. On each of the carriage extending in the Z direction guide is arranged, on each of which a spindle is mounted. Each of the spindles is thus movable in the X, Y and Z directions, wherein the method in the Z and Y directions is independent of each other, at least as far as this is possible on the common storage on the Y-guide. Each of the spindles has a receptacle for interchangeably receiving a milling tool.

Also the DE 42 23 480 C2 describes a gantry milling machine, in which a spindle in the Z and Y direction is movably mounted on the portal, while the workpiece table in the X direction is movable relative to the portal.

It Object of the invention, a processing device with a Propose spindle unit, in the machinability of workpieces considerably is extended.

These The object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

advantageous Embodiments are the subject of dependent claims.

at the machining of workpieces often the workpiece body is made a raw material separated, for example by sawing a plate or by cutting to length of rod material. Thereafter, the Werkstückrohkörper on a lathe preprocessed or clamped directly in a milling machine and there Machined machining. Or it will be a large plate material in one Portal milling machine clamped, there single locations of the plate material by drilling or mill machined and then the plate material from the milling machine taken out and transferred to a large-scale cutting plant, where then cut out the pre-machined locations from the plate material become. this leads to to a time-consuming editing process due to the transfer of one machine to the next. Furthermore, a high capital requirement is required because two are independent of each other working processing machines are necessary.

at the processing device according to claim 1 is a spindle unit on first and second guide means movably mounted, with which it is movable in the Y and Z directions. Advantageously the two spatial directions perpendicular to each other. The device can, for example, a portal milling machine or a milling machine with a boom, in which the spindle unit only at one cantilever mounted e.g. can be moved in the Y direction. The terms X, Y and Z used here and below have to not necessarily vertical (e.g., Z direction) and horizontal (e.g. X and Y direction) mean directions, but the device can also be tilted to the vertical and / or horizontal be, for example, when the machining table is inclined. Preferably is the spindle unit in the Z direction to the top of the workpiece (with respect to Workbench). The third direction is also advantageous (X) perpendicular to the first direction (Y) and / or second direction (Z).

Next the spindle unit, the device has a separator for Cutting the workpiece to be machined, wherein the separating device also movably mounted in the first and second directions is so they respect the workpiece holder or a workpiece table how the spindle unit can be moved in Y- and Z-direction. So that can on the workpiece in addition to the machining and / or drilling work with a according to the tool used in the spindle unit also a separating processing performed become. For example, you can with the separator defined areas separated from a large workpiece or cut free, then with a milling tool be finished. Larger workpiece elements, for example, contain such pre-machined surfaces can after final, milled Machining cut out of the large workpiece so that completely machined workpieces from the device with combined spindle unit / separator are removable.

Examples of the separating or cutting device are a water jet, laser or plasma cutting device, wherein the plasma cutting edge device and in particular the water jet cutting device are particularly compatible for machining (eg with respect to drilling emulsion, release agent, coolant).

at a very particularly advantageous embodiment is the separating device at the first guide device stored on which the spindle unit is mounted. This means Storage of the separating device on the first (second or third) guide device the spindle unit not necessarily that all units for the movable Storage of the spindle unit also used by the separator become. For example, storage means at the first guide means using only part of the one aligned in the first direction (Y) first guide device, at this e.g. guide rails or a linear guide for the To provide separator. In this case, the separator and the spindle unit from each other completely independently working drive and guide elements use. Movably mounted on the first guide device but may also include that the separator mounted on the same guide rail is like the spindle unit. Or the separator and the spindle unit sitting on a common sledge, at the leadership facility is movably mounted, so that these in the appropriate direction be handled together. Or finally means moveable the first guide device stored, that the separating device is mounted on the spindle unit. The same applies to the second and / or third guide means (second and third directions Z, X).

By sharing a part (X, Y and / or Z direction) the management facility or all management facilities the spindle unit for moving the separator arise considerable saving potential for mechanical and drive technology execution in the control and movement of the separator. Especially preferred here is a mechanical and control technology Design for resorted to a cutting machine, to store the separator on it because the spindle unit while of the machining operations much higher load forces the mechanical structure may occur as in the separator during those edits attack. The provision of the separating device on the guide device or at a part of the guide device usually represents for the spindle unit no additional mechanical Effort, as he anyway for the spindle unit would be necessary. The additional weight of the separator and possibly separate mechanisms for the Lead separator hardly to exceed the border area for the spindle unit or its Verfahranordnung with the guide means.

In Embodiment, the method of the spindle unit in the third Direction (X direction) through a third direction of leadership take place at which either the spindle unit is mounted, or on the embodiment in the workpiece holder or the workpiece table are arranged. Again, the third is advantageous Guidance device for Method of spindle unit used in the X direction to the separator to move in the X direction.

All Particularly advantageous is the separator on the spindle unit movable in the spindle axis direction or in the second direction stored and / or with respect to the spindle axis pivotally mounted on the spindle unit stored. Mounted on the spindle unit here also includes the storage the separating device on a carriage on which the spindle unit is stored, or otherwise mounting the separator, so that the separating device is connected to the spindle unit. By the method of the separating device relative to the spindle unit or by pivoting the separator may, depending on the milling or Separation requirement a changeover so done that either for milling editing the spindle head or the tool received therein closer to the workpiece can be moved up or a head of the separator can closer to the workpiece are approached, so that depending on the processing mode, the separator and the spindle unit do not interfere with each other or an impairment the respective device e.g. through processing residues or Machining media is largely excluded.

In Design is the separating device via a lifting device or a quill drive connected to the spindle unit, so that a cost-effective Delivery and return the separator is made to the working surface of the workpiece.

at In another embodiment, the main axis of the separating device and the spindle axis disposed at an angle to each other and Switching between the processing modes is done by panning at a common storage. This embodiment is particularly cost-effective if already provided a pivot unit for the spindle unit is, for example, at an angle standing surfaces of the workpiece by means of a Z-axis inclined spindle unit an oblique standing surface of the workpiece to edit.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the separating device is not self-movable stored, but temporarily received by a arranged on the spindle unit receiving device. In this case, the receiving device can be a receiving device arranged especially for the separating device on the spindle unit, or the receiving device, which is provided anyway on the spindle unit, for receiving replaceable tools. For example, during non-use, the separator is stored in a tool changer for supporting the replaceable tool or in a separate holder located adjacent to the working surface of the device. In this case, the spindle unit is moved to the distance from the working area mounted separating device, gripped by the receiving unit arranged on the spindle unit and moved into the work area for cutting the workpiece.

The Supply facilities for the separator, such as a pressurized water pipe for the Water jet cutting or a power line for plasma cutting, be either when gripping the separator along the traverse paths guided the Verfahranordnung are in a separate wiring especially for the separator guided, or an electrical or hydraulic or other coupling between Separating device and the corresponding supply device (flow control device, hydraulic pump) is when coupling the separator to the tool holder provided. For example, the housing of the spindle unit can be electrically opposite the Workpiece holder or the workpiece table isolated his and as a leader to feeding of the current to the head of the plasma cutting device act.

at a further advantageous embodiment comprises the processing device a gripping device for gripping the workpiece or for gripping and transporting away of separated workpiece parts. Especially after cutting out smaller workpieces a big one Workpiece blank With the gripping device, the machined workpieces are automatic Removable from the work area. Advantageously, a movable Storage of the gripping device designed in the same way as the movable mounting of the separating device on the device, i.e. the gripping device can be independent of the spindle unit and the separating device acting track, one with the separator connected track, one or more with the separator shared traversing arrangement and / or a partial or Completely Having shared with the spindle unit traversing arrangement.

The up in proportion From separating device to spindle unit with respect. The method said applies here the gripping device according to, alternatively, the gripping device Parts of the travel arrangement of the spindle unit and / or the travel arrangement the separator uses.

Advantageous use the separator and the spindle unit (and possibly the Gripping device) a control device of the processing device together or at least partially in common, so that the investment needs and reduces the need for programming to control the device are. It is advantageous for controlling the movement of the Separator (or gripper) the controller and program modules used to control or movement of the spindle unit, as far as common used drives are used.

In Embodiment, the control device has a control module or a Control unit for controlling the cutting operation of the separation unit, for example, to regulate the water pressure and / or the distance at a water jet cutting unit or for controlling the cutting current and / or the distance of the separation head to the workpiece in a plasma cutting unit. Advantageously, a control variable from the control unit to a Control module for adjusting the movement, such as second direction (Z) transmitted from the control unit to the traversing module, allowing a closed loop to adjust the distance between separator and workpiece is effected. In further Embodiment is a sensor or several sensors are provided their measurands in the Control device used to set the movement or distances becomes. Such sensors become advantageous or become such a sensor both to control the separation unit as well as to control the Spindle unit used, for example, to calibration measurements perform.

Based Figures become embodiments closer to the invention explained. Show it:

1 a perspective view of the basic structure of a portal milling machine with a cutting head,

2A . 2 B a detailed view of the portal milling machine of 1 in different operating positions,

3 an embodiment of 2A and 2 B shown arrangement,

4 a further embodiment of the arrangement of 2A and 2 B .

5 a detail of a further embodiment of the portal milling machine of 1 , and

6 a block diagram of the control device for the portal milling machine in 1 ,

1 shows a perspective view of a portal milling machine 1 , The invention will be described by way of example with reference to a gantry milling machine, but instead of the gantry, a jib milling machine in which the jib is mounted on only one side may be used, or similar traversable in the (X,) Y and Z directions milling machines. At the portal milling machine 1 from 1 is a steel plate to be processed 30 on a workbench 3 stored. From the steel plate 30 will be a variety of workpieces 31 produced, with the workpieces 31 are identical and require both a cutting and a milling. For example, the workpiece has 31 a high precision machined circular hole having a diameter of 40 mm for bearing purposes, wherein the circular hole is first pre-machined by cutting a circle with a smaller diameter and then brought to precision by means of machining. Around the circular hole 32 closes a profile wreath 33 as the outer contour of the workpiece 31 on, by cutting the steel plate 30 along the cutting line 34 is finished. To such workpieces 31 from a coherent steel plate 30 To manufacture, the portal milling machine according to the invention comprises a combination of a machining unit and a cutting unit. With appropriate weight of the steel plate 30 it is not necessary to use the steel plate on the workbench 3 aufzuspannen, as by the stabilization by means of the weight of the steel plate 30 even a machining of the workpieces 31 is possible.

On the long sides of the worktable 3 is a first guide 5 on the front and rear (not shown) side surface of the worktable 3 arranged. At the side first guides 5 is each a support column 9 a portal 7 movably mounted, for example by means of a linear drive or a worm drive (not shown). The upper ends of the support columns 9 are by means of a crossbeam 11 connected, on the side surface of a second guide 13 is arranged. As with the tripod in 1 indicated, the first lead runs 5 in the X direction and the second guide 13 in the Y direction.

On the second tour 13 is a sled 15 arranged movable in the Y direction, which in turn extending in the Z direction third guide 17 wearing. On the third lead 17 is a spindle 19 movably mounted in Z-direction. The spindle drive of the spindle 19 drives a spindle head 21 on, in which the machining tool is used interchangeably. As in 1 pictured is a drill 23 used while in 2A and 3 a router 29 is used. The exchangeable tools ( 64 , see also 5 ) store in a tool magazine 24 at the rear support pillar 9 is attached outside the work area.

On the housing of the spindle 19 is a fourth guide 25 mounted on the a plasma cutter 27 Is mounted movable in the Z direction. By means of a linear drive not shown is the plasma cutter 27 relative to the spindle in the spindle axis direction (here Z-direction) displaceable, so that the plasma cutter 27 regarding the working range of the spindle 19 can be set and reset. 2A shows the plasma cutter 27 opposite the spindle head 21 in upward zurückgesetztter position, so that the milling cutter used in the spindle head 29 when editing the workpiece not by the plasma cutter 27 is hampered. 2 B on the other hand shows the downwards shifted plasma cutter 27 , so that by means of the spindle / cutting unit a cutting machining by the plasma cutter 27 can be executed. As shown by dashed lines, the cutter is 29 from the spindle head 21 taken, for example, by filing in the tool magazine 24 ,

Regarding the in 1 shown workpieces 31 the machining process can be approximately as follows: First, the plasma cutter 27 at the fourth guide 25 drove down and the circular hole 32 cut out. Since in this case the workpiece height in the Z direction is small, the dimension of the milling cutter 29 in Z-direction is also low and the driveway of the plasma cutter 27 is sufficiently large, no tool change must be made here, then the cut hole 32 with the router 29 to be dimensionally stable. This is the plasma cutter 27 moved back and the spindle head 21 at the third guide 17 move towards the workpiece. After milling, the spindle head will be on the third guide 17 moved up and the plasma cutter 27 at the fourth guide 25 down in Z direction. In this position then the profile ring 33 along the cutting lines 34 Cut out and then proceeded to the processing of the next workpiece. Alternatively, the cutting of the circular holes can be done in one pass, then the plan machining by means of the milling cutter 29 and finally the extraction of all workpieces 31 from the steel plate 30 as a final processing pass.

3 shows a first embodiment of the portal milling machine 1 according to the detail representation of 2A , In the embodiments the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals and only the different elements are described in detail. In the arrangement of 3 is the plasma cutter 27 not on the spindle 19 stored, but in its own, running in the Y direction leadership 13b , The leadership 13b is on the second lead 13 opposite side of the cross member 11 arranged so that the process of the plasma cutter 27 in Y-direction independent of the process of the spindle 19 he follows. A second sled 40 is at the Y-directional guidance 13b stored and on its outside is the fourth guide 25b for linear displacement of the plasma cutter 27 arranged in the Z direction. As illustrated, the plasma cutter may be in the Z direction on the second carriage 40 be driven down (solid line) or moved up (dashed line), the plasma cutter 27 for adjusting the distance between workpiece and plasma cutting tip NC-controlled in any intermediate position can be moved. In the 3 illustrated fourth guide unit 25b allows a larger Z-displacement compared to the guide 25 in this case, since the guidance of the plasma cutter has to be able to pass through the entire machining path that runs in the Z direction for the portal milling machine.

4 shows a further embodiment of the arrangement in the portal milling machine 1 , wherein also the modification in the 2A corresponding detail view is shown. As in 2A the cutting unit rests here, here in the form of a water jet head 46 , on the spindle 19 , Instead of the fourth guide 25 is however a quill 42 mounted on the housing of the spindle, the lifting rod 44 can be retracted and retracted in the Z direction. The maximum extended position is in 4 represented by solid lines and the retracted position of the water jet head 46 in dashed lines. Opposite to the second guide 13 here is also like in 3 a running in the Y direction leadership 13b provided at the on a carriage a gripper unit 50 Is arranged movable in the Y direction. A lifting cylinder 52 The gripper unit moves a piston rod 54 in the Z direction, wherein the extension or retraction path of the piston rod 54 is adjustable. At the bottom of the piston rod 54 is a rapier head 56 arranged on the gripper tongs 58 are stored with adjustable gripping width in the manner of a chip chuck. The tongs 58 allow gripping a workpiece to be transported 62 both by gripping the workpiece on an outer circumference and by engaging on an inner circumference or an inner contour of the workpiece. The gripper unit 50 allows, for example, grasping one out of the steel plate 30 cut workpiece 31 and its transport to a conveyor belt 66 as it is in 5 is shown.

5 shows a third embodiment of the portal milling machine, in which the plasma cutter 27 rigidly on the housing of the spindle 19 is mounted, but is aligned perpendicular to the spindle axis. The spindle 19 rests on a turntable in this embodiment 60 rotatable on the carriage 15 is stored. The turntable 60 can be rotated NC-controlled in any position between -90 ° and + 90 °, with the in 5 left position represents the zero-degree position, in which the spindle axis is parallel to the Z-direction. In the 5 On the right, the position of the spindle is rotated by -90 ° to the Z direction, so that the main axis of the plasma cutter 27 aligned parallel to the Z direction. The Z-adjustment of the plasma cutter 27 is here completely by a displacement of the turntable 60 in Z-direction along the carriage 15 arranged third leadership 17 executed.

The left illustration of the gripper unit 50 in 5 shows their position shortly after lifting the workpiece 62 from the working surface of the work table 3 , The right position of the gripper unit 50 shows their position when placing the workpiece 62 on the conveyor belt 66 from where it is transported by means of the conveyor belt.

6 shows a block diagram of a control unit 70 for the portal milling machine 1 , which can be used with appropriate adaptation for all embodiments of the portal milling machine. A central computer 72 the control unit 70 is via a bus with single modules 78 to 82 as well as with an input / output unit 90 connected. The module 78 controls a drive 7Z for moving the spindle 19 in the Z direction along the third guide. The module 76 controls a drive 7Y for moving the carriage 15 in the Y direction along the second guide 13 at. The module 74 controls a drive to move the portal 7 in the X direction along the first guide 5 at. The module 80 controls a drive 7A for the procedure of the plasma cutter 27 or the water jet head 46 in the Z direction along the fourth guide 25 . 25b or by actuating the quill 42 at. The module 82 controls the drive of the spindle 19 at. Further modules are provided, for example for carrying out the Y and Z movement of the gripping unit 50 as well as for the operation of the tongs 58 , Instead of the Z-displacement can by means of the module 80 also the rotary drive of the turntable 60 be controlled.

The input / output unit 90 is with a control unit 86 of the plasma cutter 27 or the water jet head 46 connected to the current or the water jet pressure and / or the Z-distance between plasma cutter 27 and water jet head 46 is adjustable. A corresponding controlled variable is provided by the control unit 86 via the input / output unit 90 to the module 78 ausgege to adjust the Z-distance of the plasma cutter or the water jet head. Is the plasma cutter 27 arranged on a running in the Z direction linear unit, it can optionally or in combination of the travel control of the distance via a method in the Z direction along the fourth guide 25 in combination with the third leadership 17 take place (see 2A ). Further modules for controlling the individual components of the portal milling machine 1 can be provided as needed, for example, a drive control for the tool magazine 24 ,

The control unit 86 in turn controls a power supply 88 to the current in the given strength to the plasma cutter 27 supplies. Optionally, by means of a sensor 89 an additional signal for control to the control unit 86 entered or via the input / output unit 90 the control unit 70 be supplied.

1

portal milling machine

3

worktable

5

first guide

7

portal

9

support column

11

crossbeam

13

second guide

15

carriage

17

third guide

19

spindle

21

spindle head

23

drill

24

tool magazine

25 25b

fourth guide

27

plasma cutter

29

milling cutter

30

steel plate

31

workpiece

32

circular hole

33

pelmet

34

intersection

40

second carriage

42

Pinole

44

lifting rod

46

Water-jet head

50

gripper unit

52

lifting cylinder

54

piston rod

56

gripper head

58

tongs

60

turntable

62

workpiece

64

Tool

66

conveyor belt

70

control unit

72

mainframe

78 ... 82

Single module

7A ... 7Z, 7S

drive unit

86

control unit

88

power supply

90

Input / output unit

Claims (17)

Machining device, in particular cutting, milling and / or drilling machine ( 1 ), with a spindle unit ( 19 ) and a travel arrangement ( 5 . 13 . 17 ) for moving the spindle unit ( 19 ) at least in two directions (X, Y, Z) over a workpiece to be machined ( 30 . 32 ), wherein the workpiece to be machined on a workpiece holder or a workpiece table ( 3 ) is storable and the Verfahranordnung ( 5 . 13 . 17 ) comprises: a first guide device ( 11 . 13 ) on which the spindle unit ( 19 ) is movably mounted in a first direction (Y), and a second guide device ( 15 . 17 ) on which the spindle unit ( 19 ) is movably mounted in a second direction (Z), characterized by a separating device ( 27 . 46 ) for cutting the workpiece to be machined ( 30 . 32 ), wherein the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) is movably mounted or storable in the first and second direction (Y, Z). Machining device according to claim 1, wherein the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) is a cutting device, in particular a water jet, laser or plasma cutting device. Machining device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a third guide device ( 5 . 9 ) on which the spindle unit ( 19 ), the workpiece holder or the workpiece table ( 3 ) is movable in a third direction (X). Machining device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) is movably mounted or storable in the first direction (Y). Machining apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) at the first guide device ( 11 . 13 ) is movably mounted. Processing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) is movably mounted or storable in the second direction (Z). Machining apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) at the second guide device ( 15 . 17 ) is movably mounted. Processing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) on the spindle unit ( 19 ) is movably mounted in the second direction (Z) or in the spindle axis direction and / or is pivotally mounted on the spindle unit. Processing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) on a linear drive ( 25 ), a lifting device, a quill drive ( 42 ) or a pivoting device ( 60 ) is arranged. Processing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spindle unit ( 19 ) on a second direction (Z) movable carriage ( 15 ) is mounted and the spindle unit about a perpendicular to the second direction (Z) and / or about an axis perpendicular to the spindle axis (A) is pivotable. Machining apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the spindle axis and the longitudinal axis of the separating device ( 27 ) are aligned at an angle to each other, in particular at 90 ° or 180 °. Processing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spindle unit ( 19 ) a tool holder ( 21 ) for receiving a replaceable tool ( 23 . 29 . 64 ), in particular a milling cutter or drill. Machining device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein by means of the tool holder ( 21 ) or by means of a spindle unit ( 19 ) arranged receiving device, the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) or at least one processing head of the separating device is tangible. Machining device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a gripping device ( 50 ) for gripping the workpiece ( 30 . 32 ) and / or for gripping and removal of separated workpiece parts. Machining device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a control device ( 60 ) for controlling the sequence of movements of the spindle unit ( 19 ), wherein by means of the control device additional at least a part of the sequence of movements of the separating device ( 27 . 46 ) is controllable. Machining apparatus according to claim 15, wherein by means of the control device ( 60 ) at least the drive ( 7Z . 7Y ) for moving the spindle unit ( 19 ) in the second direction (Z) and / or the first direction (Y) is controllable. Machining apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the control device ( 60 ) a control module or a control unit ( 80 . 86 ) for controlling a manipulated variable of the separation unit ( 27 . 46 ) assigned.