DE102005049022B4 - rotary magnet - Google Patents

Abstract

Rotary magnet with an armature (4) and a yoke (6), wherein armature (4) and yoke (6) are rotatable relative to each other about a common longitudinal axis (X),
between the armature (4) and the yoke (6) at least a first working air gap (26) and at least a second working air gap (28) are formed, which are arranged offset from one another such that when relative rotation between armature (4) and yoke (6) reduces an overlap area of the one working air gap (26, 28) and at the same time increases an overlap area of the other working air gap (28, 26),
at least one energizable coil (12, 14) and a permanent magnet (16) are arranged in such a way that, when the coil (12, 14) is energized, they are rectified at one of the working air gaps (26, 28) and at the other working air gap (28, 26) ) generate oppositely directed magnetic fields and the at least one coil (12, 14) and the at least one permanent magnet (16) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (X) between the first and second working air gaps (26, 28) are arranged.

Description

The Invention relates to a rotary magnet.

Out In the prior art rotary magnets are known in which by electromagnetic forces rotatory adjusting movements can be realized. This can be for one be done by a magnetically generated by ball deflection Linear motion is converted into a rotary motion. Further are Actuators with movable coil based on Lorenz force, rotary magnets with a movable permanent magnetic armature and the like known. The known rotary magnets often have a complex structure on and are expensive to manufacture. Furthermore, they often do not the wished Efficiency and are difficult to adapt for specific applications.

DE 44 09 889 C2 discloses a rotary magnet having one or more coils and a rotatable armature. The coil is arranged in a stator which has circular-segment-shaped poles. Correspondingly, also circular segment-shaped poles are formed on the armature, so that are formed with the poles of the armature pole pairs, between which there is a working air gap. In this case, the pole pairs are designed so that, depending on the rotation of one of the pole pairs in increasing coverage and at the same time another of the pole pairs gets smaller in coverage. Furthermore, here at least one coil is arranged cooperating with a hard magnet in the armature such that, depending on the current flowing direction of the coil on one of the pole pairs, the magnetic field is amplified and reduced at the other. At the DE 44 09 889 C2 known rotary magnet, the coil is arranged radially outboard and the poles of the armature are arranged radially further inside in the interior of the annular coil. The poles of the armature in turn are further radially inwardly disposed on an armature shaft. This arrangement has the disadvantage that necessarily either the working air gaps are relatively close to the shaft or the total diameter of the rotary magnet is very large. The closer the working air gap is to the shaft, the smaller the torque which can be applied by the magnet to the shaft.

in the With regard to the cited prior art, it is the task of Invention, a rotary magnet with a compact design and higher efficiency provide. This task is accomplished by a rotary magnet solved the features specified in claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

Of the inventive rotary magnet has an armature and a yoke which are relative to each other around a common longitudinal axis are rotatable. This rotary magnet can be designed so that the yoke is provided as a stationary component, while the armature rotates and the desired positioning movement performs. Alternatively, it is also possible to form the anchor fixed and the yoke the desired rotational Perform adjusting movement allow. A combination of both versions is possible.

Essential for the inventive design the rotary magnet is that between the armature and yoke at least one first working air gap and at least a second working air gap are formed. These working air gaps are designed that they are offset from one another. The working air column or the active surfaces of yoke and anchor are in their angular position with respect to the common longitudinal axis arranged by armature and yoke at different angular positions. This causes relative rotation between anchor and Yoke an overlap of the active surfaces reduced at one working air gap, while at the same time the overlap area at the other Working air gap increased. For example are a first working air gap and a second working air gap arranged so that in an end position of the rotary magnet at a working air gap a maximum overlap created area will, that is the working air gap defining sections or active surfaces of the Yoke and the anchor are preferably completely opposite each other, so that they overlap as much as possible. In extreme cases, the second working air gap is located in this position in a state in which the working air gap defining active surfaces of yoke and anchor each other at all not opposite, this means do not overlap each other. When the armature and yoke rotate relative to each other from this position is achieved that in the working air gap, in the beginning of a maximum overlap area given was, the overlap area decreased, while In the other working air gap, the overlap area increases, until here a maximum overlap is achieved, that is the working surfaces forming this working gap at yoke and anchor ideally complete are opposite. This means, in a first end position of the rotary magnet has the first Working air gap a maximum overlap, this means the working surfaces defining the working air gap are opposite each other, and in a second end position, the second working air gap has its maximum overlap, that is called Here are the working air gap defining effective areas each other across from.

Furthermore, the rotary magnet according to the invention has at least one energizable coil and a permanent magnet. The energizable coil and the permanent magnet are arranged so that the generated magnetic fields are superimposed on each other. The arrangement is chosen so that at Current supply to the coil at one of the first and second working air gap is generated with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet rectified magnetic field and at the other working air gap, a magnetic field of the permanent magnet oppositely directed magnetic field is generated. This means that the coil and the permanent magnet are arranged so that their magnetic fields always add to one working air gap, while at the other working air gap the magnetic fields from the permanent magnet and the coil are subtractive, that is, the magnetic field generated by the coil cancels the magnetic field of the permanent magnet at this working air gap or at least reduced. Thus, by energizing the coil at the one working air gap, an increase in the attractive force is achieved, while at the other working air gap the attraction is partially canceled or reduced.

at Applying current to the coil in the opposite direction causes a reversal from reinforcement and Reduction of attractions. This makes possible, by switching the energization direction of the coil a relative To effect rotation between the armature and the yoke. This happens by at the working air gap where the minimum overlap area is present is, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet is amplified and at the working air gap, where the maximum overlap area exists is, the magnetic field of the permanent Magne th is reduced. This causes the armature and yoke to rotate relative to each other, that at the working air gap, at which the magnetic field of the permanent magnet reinforced is created, the maximum overlap area will, while At the other working air gap, the overlap area is reduced to the minimum. If the current is switched again, finds a corresponding Turn back held in the starting position.

The at least one coil and the at least one permanent magnet in the direction of the longitudinal axis arranged between the first and second working air gaps. Especially preferred is an arrangement in which a between two coils or Spool parts lying permanent magnet ring is provided, wherein the coils and the permanent magnet so between the working air gaps are arranged so that a symmetrical arrangement is provided. Ideally, the permanent magnet ring is located in the middle between first and second working air gap, and the two coils or coil parts are each equidistant from their adjacent coil. So is a respect to the Center plane created by the permanent magnet ring symmetrical structure, apart from the angularly offset Arrangement of the working air column or this working air column forming active surfaces at yoke and anchor.

The Magnetic fields in the working air gaps are preferably in radial Direction regarding the longitudinal axis or parallel to the longitudinal axis or directed at an angle between these extremes. The result occurring axial or radial forces are by a corresponding Storage between anchor and yoke, for example, a rolling bearing, added.

Preferably are the at least one first working air gap and at least a second working air gap axially in the direction of the longitudinal axis to each other added. Particularly preferred is the at least one first working air gap at one axial end and the at least one second working air gap at arranged opposite axial end of the rotary magnet.

Of the at least one permanent magnet is preferably between the armature and the yoke arranged. Preferably, the yoke surrounds the anchor ring-shaped, this means is formed substantially cylindrical. Yoke and anchor are dimensioned so that in the radial direction between the armature and yoke a distance remains in which the permanent magnet is arranged can be.

Of the Permanent magnet is more preferably in the radial direction with respect to longitudinal axis magnetized, that is it generates a magnetic field acting radially on the armature and the yoke.

Further Preferably, the permanent magnet is annular and surrounds the anchor circumferentially. Here can be a one-piece annular Permanent magnet be provided, which preferably in the radial Direction is magnetized. Furthermore, the annular permanent magnet can also be formed of individual permanent magnet segments, which are so be composed that a magnetized in the radial direction Ring arises. Furthermore, it is not absolutely necessary to have one Completely Formed closed ring, but also several permanent magnet segments on the Scope of the anchor distributed, but each in the circumferential direction to each other be spaced apart.

Of the Permanent magnet or the permanent magnet segments are preferably either rotatably connected to the yoke or the armature with respect to the longitudinal axis. This means, the permanent magnet is firmly attached to the yoke, for example, such that, when the anchor rotates relative to the yoke, not with this rotates. Alternatively, the permanent magnet can also be attached to or in the anchor.

The at least one coil preferably surrounds the armature circumferentially with respect to the longitudinal axis. That is, particularly preferably, the longitudinal axis extends centrally through the coil. In this case, the coil between the armature and yoke, that can be arranged in a circumferential space between the armature and yoke.

Also the at least one coil is preferably non-rotatable with respect to longitudinal axis connected to the anchor or the yoke, so that either the anchor or the yoke is relatively rotatable to the spool and the other, respectively Element of anchor and yoke remains stationary to the coil. Especially Preferably, both the permanent magnet and the coil are on the yoke, that is in particular on the inner circumference of the yoke, which is the outer circumference the anchor faces, attached. Alternatively it is also possible to coil and permanent magnet on the outer circumference to anchor the anchor.

Especially preferably two coils or a split coil are provided, wherein the two coils or coil parts in the direction of the longitudinal axis from each other are spaced and the at least one permanent magnet between the two coils or coil parts is arranged. This way will created a symmetrical structure. The two coils or coil parts are preferably interconnected electrically so that generate rectified electromagnetic fields. That is preferably the coils or coil parts are wound in the same direction and are energized in the same direction.

According to one another preferred embodiment the first and / or second working air gaps extend with respect to Longitudinal axis as sectors a conical surface, where the cone angle is in the range of 0 ° to 90 °. When the cone angle is in the range of 0 °, The working air gaps extend along a cylindrical surface about the longitudinal axis. At the other extreme, when the angle is 90 °, the working air gaps extend in a plane which extends normal to the longitudinal axis, that is in one discoid Level. The history of the working air column can be any angle between the two extremes.

Of the each first and second working air gap preferably extend at an angle smaller than 180 ° the longitudinal axis. In this way, angles of rotation smaller than 180 ° are realized, since the rotation between anchor and pole piece always between the two Extreme maximum overlap area at the working air gap and minimal, that is ideally no overlap area at the working air gap he follows.

The Working air gaps are preferably between one of the anchors radially outward projecting pole piece and the facing yoke section or a facing active surface of the Yoke formed. The projecting pole pieces can be formed as stamped parts become. So can they are formed as part of a flat disc, which on the axial end of the armature is attached. Alternatively, the cantilever pole pieces also be formed in that in the peripheral region, in which no pole piece should be present, a recess is formed in the armature. The remaining material then forms in this diameter plane the pole piece. The formation of the pole piece in a separate stamped part, which is placed on the actual anchor has the advantage of favoring a modular design, because one and the same anchor used with differently shaped discs can be, for example, different numbers or angular positions the pole pieces and thus the active surfaces the first or second working air column can be realized.

Further the working air gaps are preferably between one of the yoke radially inwardly projecting core and the facing portion or a facing active surface formed of the armature, for example, a facing pole piece of the armature. The cores preferably form ring segments, which on the inner circumference a cylindrical yoke are arranged. This is the working air gap between a surface the core, which faces a corresponding effective surface of the armature, educated. These surfaces can, as described above, circumferentially or in a diameter plane normal to the longitudinal axis or in any Angle position between them as sectors of a conical surface. Alternatively, an embodiment in the form of sectors of a spherical surface or other suitable curved shape Find use. Preferably, the working air gaps are respectively formed between a core and an associated pole piece. Being in the Case that creates a maximum overlap area in the working air gap will, pole piece and core each other towards the field lines in the working air gap, this means here radially opposite. In the event that created a minimal overlapping area is pole piece and associated Core twisted against each other so that they do not face each other, but at different angular positions with respect to longitudinal axis are arranged.

With an arrangement in which a first working air gap and a second working air gap are provided, which or their active surfaces in each case 180 ° offset in terms of the longitudinal axis are arranged, a rotary magnet can be created, which an adjustment movement through 180 °, that is one Twist between yoke and armature of 180 ° performs.

A such arrangement can be created, for example, by that at anchor two pole pieces are present, which offset by 180 ° with respect to longitudinal axis are arranged. The associated Cores on the yoke are in the same angular position relative to each other arranged in the diameter plane of one of the pole pieces. This way will created an arrangement in which always one of the pole pieces a facing the cores and at the same time the other pole piece from the other core maximum, that is spaced by an angle of 180 ° is. Alternatively, it is also possible, both pole pieces at the same angular position and the two associated cores offset by 180 ° to arrange. It is essential that the effective area pairs, which form the first working air gap, and the active surface pairs, which form the second working air gap, are arranged that at an actuating movement of the armature relative to the yoke, the overlapping surfaces Change both working air gaps in opposite directions.

According to one alternative embodiment may be two first and two second working air gaps are provided, wherein the first two working air gaps to the two second working air gaps the same angle the longitudinal axis are arranged offset. Thereby, that in each case two first and two second working air gaps are created, a higher torque reached. This means, Here, two working air gaps always have an increasing overlap area, while at the same time during rotation, the two other working air gaps have a decreasing overlap area. By this arrangement is simultaneously a smaller angle of rotation achieved because the second working air column both at an angle should be arranged offset to the first working air gaps.

Especially Preferably, the first two working air gaps are offset by 180 ° to each other and the two second working air column also offset by 180 ° arranged to each other, wherein the first and second working air column offset by 90 ° to each other are arranged. This can be achieved, for example, by that the active surfaces for the first working air gap at the yoke, that is preferably the defining this Cores are arranged at diametrically opposite positions, wherein the active surfaces for the first and second working air gap each at the same angular position, preferably only offset in the direction of the longitudinal axis are arranged. At the anchor, however, the pole pieces are preferably arranged so that for the first working air column two pole pieces are provided, which are arranged diametrically opposite to the anchor and for the second Working air column also provided two pole pieces, which also diametrically opposed to each other, but offset by 90 ° to the pole pieces for the first working air gap are arranged. That's how he becomes that suffices, for example, first the active surfaces the first working air gap at anchor and yoke, which preferably of pole pieces and nuclei are formed, facing each other and simultaneously the active surfaces the second working air gap at anchor and yoke spaced from each other or rotated by 90 ° are stored. By appropriate energization, it comes to a Twisting, so that the active surfaces, the hot pole piece and core the second working air column face each other and create a maximum overlap area and according to the active surfaces the first working air gaps are distant from each other and one create minimum or nonexistent overlap area.

The Working air gaps are preferably designed to be particularly small to achieve high efficiency. That is, point the working air column preferably in the radial direction or in the direction of the field lines, which they cross, one possible small width. Here is a radial gap at a in the circumferential direction, that is as Distance between a cylindrical surface extending working air gap particularly well to a defined Dimension adjustable.

Further has the rotary magnet according to the invention the advantage that it favors a modular structure, which means it can Standard components very light rotary magnets for different applications be assembled. So can through changed Arrangement of the cores and pole pieces different angles of rotation and torques are generated. For this only have to few components changed or exchanged. Coils, permanent magnets, frontal Cover discs, bearings, etc. can be provided as equal parts. It is also possible To build rotary magnets, which consists of several axially juxtaposed Rotary magnet exist, resulting in greater rotational or actuating moments can be achieved.

following the invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings described. In these shows

1 a sectional view of a rotary magnet according to the invention,

2 a perspective view of the coil of the rotary magnet according to 1 .

3 a perspective view of the yoke of the rotary magnet according to 1 .

4 a perspective view of the armature of the rotary magnet according to 1 .

5 the yoke of a rotary magnet with a smaller angle and

6 a perspective view of the yoke according to 5 matching anchor.

Based on the schematic sectional view in 1 the basic structure of the rotary magnet according to the invention will be explained. The rotary magnet consists of a preferably non-magnetic shaft 2 extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis X centrally through the anchor 4 extends. The anchor 4 is circumferential and concentric with the longitudinal axis X of a cylindrical yoke 6 surround. The axial sides of the anchor 4 facing, are the open end faces of the yoke 6 , through cover discs 8th locked. In the cover discs 8th can not be shown bearings for the shaft 2 be arranged, for example in the form of rolling bearings. In the example shown here, the shaft extends 2 at an axial end through the cover plate 8th and forms a free shaft end, which forms the output shaft for connection with components to be driven. Alternatively, it is also possible to further extend the shaft at the opposite end, so that an output at both end faces of the rotary magnet is possible.

The anchor 4 and the yoke 6 are arranged so that between the outer circumference of the anchor 4 and the inner circumference of the yoke 6 an annular space 10 is formed. In this is a pair of coils consisting of annular coils 12 and 14 arranged, which surround the longitudinal axis X centric and on the inner wall of the yoke 6 are fixed. The spools 12 and 14 are spaced apart in the direction of the longitudinal axis X, so that between them an annular clearance is formed, in which an annular permanent magnet 16 is arranged. The spools 12 and 14 are formed such that they are wound in the same direction and electrically interconnected so that they always energized in the same direction who the, that is, the coils 12 and 14 form a split coil, in the middle of which the annular permanent magnet 16 is arranged. The spools 12 and 14 as well as the permanent magnet 16 are arranged symmetrically, so that the center plane of the permanent magnet 16 is located substantially in the center of the rotary magnet in the direction of the longitudinal axis X.

Axial side of the coils 12 and 14 that is the cover discs 8th facing, are at anchor 4 two arched pole pieces 18 and 20 formed, which are offset by 180 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis X to each other. That is, the pole pieces 18 and 20 are directed in the opposite direction in the radial direction. The pole pieces 18 and 20 are also at axially opposite ends of the armature 4 formed and collar of its peripheral surface radially outward. The pole pieces 18 and 20 are facing the inner circumference of the yoke 6 arched cores 22 and 24 arranged. The cores do not form complete rings, but essentially semicircular arc segments, as based on 3 will be described. The core 22 lies in a plane, that is at the same axial position in the direction of the longitudinal axis X as the pole piece 18 , Accordingly, the core lies 24 in the same diameter plane or at the same axial position in the direction of the longitudinal axis X as the pole piece 20 , Between the pole piece 18 and the core 22 becomes a first working air gap 26 and between the pole piece 20 and the core 24 a second working air gap 28 educated. The working air gaps extend as sectors of a cylinder jacket surface. Alternatively, it is also possible that the working air column 26 and 28 defining areas of the cores 22 . 24 and pole pieces 18 . 20 obliquely or as sectors of a conical surface, that is oblique to the longitudinal axis X form. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide an arrangement in which the cores 22 . 24 the associated pole pieces 18 . 20 overlap in the axial direction, so that a working air gap is created, which extends in a diameter plane normal to the longitudinal axis X.

2 shows a perspective detail view of the coil assembly, wherein the two coils 12 and 14 , held spaced from each other, together with the permanent magnet 16 in a carrier element 30 are pre-assembled. The carrier element 30 can be formed for example as a plastic component. The permanent magnet 16 is annular and magnetized substantially in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis X. For this purpose, the permanent magnet 16 be composed of individual ring segments. In the 2 shown arrangement of coils 12 and 14 as well as permanent magnet 16 can form a prefabricated unit, which with differently shaped anchors 4 and yokes 6 can be used so that very easily different rotary magnets can be manufactured with a minimized number of different items.

3 shows a perspective view of the yoke 6 according to 1 , It can be seen that the yoke 6 is designed as a cylindrical or tubular element, on the inner circumference of the two arcuate cores 22 and 24 are formed. The yoke 6 and the cores 22 and 24 are preferably designed as iron parts, optionally as laminated cores made of stacked sheets. The cores 22 and 24 For example, they can be positive or positive with the yoke 6 connected or integrally formed with this. In 3 it can be seen that the cores 22 and 24 are each substantially semicircular and formed in the same angular position with respect to the longitudinal axis X on the inner circumference of the yoke 6 extend. Here are the cores 22 and 24 spaced apart in the direction of the longitudinal axis X at opposite axial ends of the yoke 6 arranged. The cores collar in the radial direction from the inner wall of the yoke 6 out, leaving the inside surfaces 32 and 34 the cores closer to the anchor 4 are located as the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 6 , The inner surfaces 32 and 34 form the active surfaces in the working air gaps 26 and 28 ,

4 shows a perspective view of the anchor 4 on the wave 2 of the rotary magnet according to 1 , The anchor shown here 4 is made of two identical anchor parts 35 formed, which are opposed to each other in the axial direction juxtaposed, so that the pole pieces 18 and 20 on opposite axial sides of the armature 4 are arranged. The pole pieces 18 and 20 are in the example shown here in one piece with the anchor parts 35 or the anchor 4 educated. The pole pieces 18 and 20 collar in the radial outward direction over the outer peripheral surface of the armature 4 before, so that the peripheral surfaces 36 and 38 in the inserted state closer to the yoke 6 are located as the remaining outer peripheral surface of the anchor 4 ,

The pole pieces 18 and 20 extend at an angle of approximately 180 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis X about the armature 4 , where the pole pieces 18 and 20 offset by 180 ° to each other, that is, are arranged diametrically opposite direction. Here are the pole pieces 18 and 20 in the axial direction X as far apart from each other as the cores 22 and 24 in the yoke 6 so that the pole piece 18 together with the core 22 the first working air gap 26 and the pole piece 20 together with the core 24 the second working air gap 28 can form. The peripheral surfaces 36 and 38 form effective surfaces, which with the inner surfaces 32 and 34 the cores 22 and 24 interact.

The anchor parts 35 and the pole pieces 18 and 20 are preferably made of iron, optionally formed as layered laminated cores. Instead of the pole pieces 18 and 20 integral with the anchor 4 form, they can also be formed as stamped parts, which in the desired angular position to the axial end of the armature 4 be set. So it is easier possible, differently shaped and arranged pole pieces 18 and 20 with a standardized anchor 4 connect, whereby a modular structure of the rotary magnet is achieved.

Due to the arrangement of the cores 22 and 24 at the same angular position and the arrangement of the pole pieces 18 and 20 At different angular positions is achieved that always only in one of the working air column 26 and 28 the respective core 22 . 24 with its inner surface 32 . 34 the associated pole piece 18 . 20 with its peripheral surface 36 . 38 opposite. In this way, two end positions are created. In the first end position or end position of the rotary magnet is the peripheral surface 36 of the pole piece 18 the inner surface 32 of the core 22 opposite, that is in the working air gap 26 a maximum overlap area of the active surfaces is created. In this position, the peripheral surface is located 38 not the inner surface 34 of the core 24 opposite, but this is turned away, that is, the pole piece 20 is located with respect to the longitudinal axis X to the core 24 in a diametrically opposite position. So is in the working air gap 28 achieved at the same time a minimal overlap of the active surfaces. The anchor 4 takes this position when the coils 12 and 14 so energized that of them in the anchor 4 generated magnetic field from the permanent magnet 16 superimposed magnetic field so superimposed that the directed in the same radial direction field lines in the working air gap 26 add, that is the electromagnetic field of the coils 12 and 14 reinforced at the working air gap 26 the magnetic field, which is generated by the Pemanentmagneten. At the same time takes place at the working air gap 28 a subtraction of the magnetic fields of permanent magnet 16 and coils 12 and 14 instead, because here the field lines are directed opposite. In this way, the attraction between pole piece 20 and core 24 reduced.

This effect arises from the fact that the magnetic field, which of the same energized coils 12 and 14 is generated, extends through the entire armature from one axial end to the other axial end, wherein the magnetic flux through the yoke 6 is closed. Due to the central arrangement of the permanent magnet 16 this generates starting from the axial center of the armature 4 in opposite directions, ie towards both axial ends directed field lines in the armature 4 , This is how the permanent magnet forms 16 over the anchor 4 and the yoke 6 two magnetic active circuits, which causes the field lines, which are generated by the permanent magnet, at the two axial ends of the armature 4 over the pole pieces 18 and 20 to the cores 22 and 24 are directed in the same radial direction, while at this point from the coils 12 and 14 generated magnetic field lines are directed in opposite radial directions. This means, for example, that of the permanent magnet 16 generated magnetic flux both between pole piece 20 and core 24 as well as between pole piece 18 and core 26 directed radially outwards or in both places radially inward. The one from the coils 12 and 14 However, magnetic flux generated runs between pole piece 18 and core 22 for example, radially outward and then simultaneously between the core 24 and pole piece 20 radially inward directed or in reverse energization of the coil between the core 22 and pole piece 18 directed radially inward and piece between pole 20 and core 24 directed radially outwards. In this way, there is always an increase in the attractive force at one axial end of the armature and a reduction in the attractive force in the working air gaps at the opposite end.

Because the pole pieces 18 and 20 arranged offset by 180 °, this means that where the magnetic fields amplify, always the pole piece 18 respectively. 20 to the associated core 22 respectively. 24 is attracted. With reverse energization then the other pole piece 20 respectively. 18 to the associated other core 24 respectively. 22 attracted, causing a rotation of the armature 4 with the wave 2 comes to 180 °. This reduces the overlap area between the pole piece 18 respectively. 20 and the core 22 respectively. 24 , which were initially facing each other or in the first working air gap formed by these 26 respectively. 28 , At the same time, the overlap area in the second working air gap increases 28 respectively. 26 which of the pole piece 20 respectively. 18 and the associated core 24 respectively. 22 is formed, which were initially facing away from each other.

5 and 6 show a yoke 6 or an anchor 4 according to a variant of the rotary magnet according to 1 , Only the differences are described below. The variant is that at the yoke 6 two first cores each 22 and two second cores 24 are arranged at axially opposite longitudinal ends. Accordingly, at the anchor 4 two first pole pieces each 18 and two second pole pieces 20 arranged at opposite longitudinal ends. The pole pieces 18 and 20 as well as cores 22 and 24 each extend essentially over a quarter circle. Here are the cores 22 arranged so that they are diametrically opposed with respect to the longitudinal axis X, that is offset by 180 ° to each other. Corresponding are also the cores 24 arranged diametrically opposite offset by 180 °. The cores 22 and 24 lie at the same angular positions with respect to the longitudinal axis X, that is, the cores 22 lie in a projection along the longitudinal axis X congruent over the cores 24 ,

6 shows an anchor for use in the yoke 6 according to 5 in which the pole pieces 18 and 20 offset by 90 ° to each other. Here are the first pole pieces 18 at the first axial end of the armature 4 arranged so that they are diametrically opposite from the peripheral surface of the anchor 4 protrude. Corresponding are also the two pole pieces 20 arranged at the opposite longitudinal end, that they project radially outwardly from diametrically opposite sides. That means, also the first pole pieces 18 and the second pole pieces 20 are each offset by 180 ° to each other.

Instead of an offset arrangement of the pole pieces on the armature and a congruent arrangement of the cores on the yoke, it is also possible, the pole pieces at the anchor at both axial ends each congruent in the same Angular position to arrange and instead the cores at the axial ends to arrange in different angular positions.

With the arrangement of two pole pieces 18 respectively. 20 and a corresponding arrangement of two cores each 22 respectively. 24 a rotary magnet is created, which performs an actuating movement of substantially 90 °. At the same time a higher turning or adjusting torque is realized.

Again, the function is such that, for example, first the pole pieces 18 the cores 22 opposite, so that the first working air gaps formed between them a maximum overlap area of the active surfaces, that is, a maximum overlap of the peripheral surfaces 36 the pole pieces 18 and the inner surfaces 32 the cores 22 exhibit. In this position, initially overlap the peripheral surfaces 38 the second pole pieces 20 not with the inner surfaces 34 the second nuclei 24 , Thus, in the second working air columns 28 initially achieved a minimum overlap area. In this state, the magnetic flux, which is from the coils 12 and 14 is generated, so that it the magnetic flux, which from the permanent magnet 16 is generated between the pole pieces 18 and the cores 22 strengthened. At the same time, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 16 at the opposite axial end, that is in the region of the pole pieces 20 and cores 24 reduced.

If the polarity of the coil is reversed, the magnetic flux, which comes from the coils, reverses 12 and 14 is generated, and there is a subtraction of the magnetic fields in the region of the nuclei 22 and pole pieces 18 while adding to it between the pole pieces 20 and nuclei 24 comes. That is, between the pole pieces 20 and nuclei 24 is the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet by the magnetic field, which of the coils 12 and 14 is generated, amplified. This leads to a rotation of the armature 4 about the axis X relative to the yoke 6 , where the pole pieces 20 so to the cores 24 be moved, that the overlap of the peripheral surfaces 38 with the inner surfaces 34 in the second working air gaps 28 increases, while at the same time the overlap of the peripheral surfaces 36 with the inner surfaces 32 in the first working air gaps 26 from takes. At the end of this rotation, the anchor reaches 4 relative to the yoke 6 a second end position, at which the peripheral surfaces 38 the inner surfaces 34 completely overlapping, so that in the second working air gaps 28 a maximum overlap is achieved.

By other extensive distribution of pole pieces 18 . 20 or cores 22 . 24 or other numbers of cores and pole pieces larger or smaller angles of rotation can be achieved than in the examples described. It is only important that there is a group of first working air gaps and a group of second working air gaps, whereby there is always a large overlap of the active surfaces in one group and a minimum overlap of the active surfaces in the other group at the same time, so that by reversing the energization of the Coil a reversal of the overlap thus turning the anchor 4 relative to the yoke 6 is reached.

2

wave

4

anchor

6

yoke

8th

cover plates

10

free space

12 14

Do the washing up

16

permanent magnet

18 20

pole pieces

22 24

cores

26

first Working air gap

28

second Working air gap

30

support element

32 34

inner surfaces

35

anchor parts

36 38

peripheral surfaces

X

longitudinal axis

Claims (15)

Rotary magnet with an armature ( 4 ) and a yoke ( 6 ), where anchor ( 4 ) and yoke ( 6 ) are rotatable relative to each other about a common longitudinal axis (X), between anchors ( 4 ) and yoke ( 6 ) at least one first working air gap ( 26 ) and at least a second working air gap ( 28 ) are formed, which are arranged offset from one another such that when relative rotation between armature ( 4 ) and yoke ( 6 ) an overlap surface of the one working air gap ( 26 . 28 ) and at the same time an overlap area of the other working air gap ( 28 . 26 ), at least one energizable coil ( 12 . 14 ) as well as a permanent magnet ( 16 ) are arranged such that they when energizing the coil ( 12 . 14 ) at one of the working air column ( 26 . 28 ) rectified magnetic fields and at the other working air gap ( 28 . 26 ) generate oppositely directed magnetic fields and the at least one coil ( 12 . 14 ) and the at least one permanent magnet ( 16 ) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (X) between the first and second working air gaps ( 26 . 28 ) are arranged. A rotary magnet according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first working air gap ( 26 ) and the at least one second working air gap ( 28 ) are axially offset in the direction of the longitudinal axis (X) to each other. A rotary magnet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one permanent magnet ( 16 ) between the anchor ( 4 ) and the yoke ( 6 ) is arranged. A rotary magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the permanent magnet ( 16 ) is magnetized in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis (X). Rotary magnet according to one of the preceding claims, in which the permanent magnet ( 16 ) is annular and the armature ( 4 ) surrounds circumferentially. Rotary magnet according to one of the preceding claims, in which the permanent magnet ( 16 ) with the yoke ( 6 ) or the anchor ( 4 ) rotationally fixed with respect to the longitudinal axis (X) is connected. Rotary magnet according to one of the preceding claims, in which the at least one coil ( 12 . 14 ) the anchor ( 4 ) circumferentially with respect to the longitudinal axis (X) surrounds. Rotary magnet according to one of the preceding claims, in which the at least one coil ( 12 . 14 ) rotationally fixed with respect to the longitudinal axis (X) with the armature ( 4 ) or the yoke ( 6 ) connected is. Rotary magnet according to one of the preceding claims, in which two coils ( 12 . 14 ) are provided, which are spaced apart in the direction of the longitudinal axis (X), and the at least one permanent magnet ( 16 ) between the two coils ( 12 . 14 ) is arranged. Rotary magnet according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first and / or second working air gaps ( 26 . 28 ) with respect to the longitudinal axis (X) as sectors of a Kegelmantelflä surface, wherein the cone angle is in the range of 0 to 90 degrees. A rotary magnet according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second working air gaps ( 26 . 28 ) each at an angle klei ner 180 degrees about the longitudinal axis (X) extend. Rotary magnet according to one of the preceding claims, in which the working air gaps ( 26 . 28 ) between one of the anchors ( 4 ) radially outwardly projecting pole piece ( 18 . 20 ) and the facing yoke portion are formed. Rotary magnet according to one of the preceding claims, in which the working air gaps ( 26 . 28 ) between one of the yoke ( 6 ) radially inwardly projecting core ( 22 . 24 ) and the facing portion of the anchor ( 4 ), preferably a facing pole piece ( 18 . 20 ) of the anchor ( 4 ) are formed. A rotary magnet according to one of the preceding claims, in which two first and two second working air gaps ( 26 . 28 ), the first two working air gaps ( 26 ) to the two second working air gaps ( 28 ) are offset by the same angle with respect to the longitudinal axis (X). A rotary magnet according to claim 14, wherein the first two working air gaps ( 26 ) offset by 180 degrees to each other, the two second working air column ( 28 ) also offset by 180 degrees to one another and the first and second working air gaps ( 26 . 28 ) are arranged offset by 90 degrees to each other.