DE102005037370B3 - Arrangement of fluid-filled chambers separated by a membrane, especially in an electrolyzer or fuel cell, comprises a barrier channel that surrounds the membrane and contains a fluid that exerts a counterpressure - Google Patents
Arrangement of fluid-filled chambers separated by a membrane, especially in an electrolyzer or fuel cell, comprises a barrier channel that surrounds the membrane and contains a fluid that exerts a counterpressure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102005037370B3 DE102005037370B3 DE102005037370A DE102005037370A DE102005037370B3 DE 102005037370 B3 DE102005037370 B3 DE 102005037370B3 DE 102005037370 A DE102005037370 A DE 102005037370A DE 102005037370 A DE102005037370 A DE 102005037370A DE 102005037370 B3 DE102005037370 B3 DE 102005037370B3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- end faces
- arrangement according
- fluid
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/05—Pressure cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
- H01M8/0278—O-rings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0286—Processes for forming seals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anordnung mit zumindest zwei in einem äußeren Umfangsbereich von zueinander offenen Stirnflächen dicht aneinanderliegenden, mit jeweils einem Fluid definierten Prozessdrucks gefüllten Kammern.The The invention relates to an arrangement with at least two in an outer peripheral area of mutually open faces close together, each with a fluid defined process pressure filled Chambers.
Eine derartige Anordnung mit einer die offenen Stirnflächen abdeckenden gasdichten, jedoch protonendurchlässigen Membran sowie einem Fluid in Form eines Wasserstoff-Deionat-Gemisches in der einen der zwei Kammern bzw. in Form eines Sauerstoff-Deionat-Gemisches in der anderen der zwei Kammern findet man als wesentliche Bestandteile einer Zelleneinheit eines Elektrolyseurs.A Such arrangement with a covering the open end faces gas-tight, but proton-permeable membrane and a Fluid in the form of a hydrogen-deionate mixture in one of the two chambers or in the form of an oxygen-deionate mixture in the other of the two chambers are found as essential components of a cell unit an electrolyzer.
Zur Abdichtung der "Wasserstoff-Seite" der einen Kammer gegenüber der "Sauerstoff-Seite" der anderen Kammer ist es bekannt, die Membran außenrandseitig unter Zwischenlage von elastischen Dichtmitteln, insbesondere sogenannten O-Ringen, zwischen die aneinanderliegenden Stirnflächen im Presssitz gegenseitig abdichtend zu halten (PCT/DE 00/04593).to Sealing the "hydrogen side" of a chamber across from the "oxygen side" of the other chamber it is known, the membrane outside edge with the interposition of elastic sealing means, in particular so-called O-rings, between the adjacent end faces in a press fit mutually sealing (PCT / DE 00/04593).
Die betriebsmäßig höheren pulsierenden mechanischen Druckbeanspruchungen ausgesetzte Membran kann durch eine auf ihrer Fläche angeordnete, insbesondere eingeformte bzw. eingegossene, Gewebeschicht vorteilhaft verstärkt werden; diese Gewebeschicht-Verstärkung bringt jedoch eine gewisse Flächenrauhigkeit mit sich, aufgrund derer zur Gewährleistung einer hinreichenden Abdichtung der Druck auf die Dichtflächen der im Presssitz zwischen den Stirnflächen gehaltenen Außenränder der Membran entsprechend zu erhöhen wäre; da die Membran jedoch nur begrenztem mechanischen Druck ausgesetzt werden darf, sind der Verwendung von bekannten gummielastischen Dichtmitteln, insbesondere in Form von Flachdichtungen oder O-Ringen, Grenzen gesetzt.The operationally higher pulsating mechanical Pressure-loaded membrane can be replaced by a on her area arranged, in particular molded or cast, tissue layer advantageously reinforced become; However, this fabric layer reinforcement brings a certain surface roughness with itself, on the basis of which to guarantee Adequate sealing of the pressure on the sealing surfaces of the held in an interference fit between the end faces outer edges of Increase diaphragm accordingly would; there however, the membrane is exposed to only limited mechanical pressure may be the use of known rubber elastic Sealants, especially in the form of flat gaskets or O-rings, limits set.
Weiterhin
ist ein Elektrolyseur mit in einem druckfesten Gehäuse angeordneten,
von einem Pufferraum komplett umgebenden Elektrolysezellenblock
bekannt (
Gemäß Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung soll daher eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art geschaffen werden, die ohne überhöhte mechanische Belastung der Membran mit einfachen Mitteln eine sichere gegenseitige Abdichtung der Kammern, insbesondere im Fall eines Elektrolyseurs bzw. einer Brennstoffzelle, gewährleistet und ein Austreten von Wasserstoffgas einerseits und Sauerstoffgas andererseits und damit die Gefahr einer Vermischung dieser Gase zu einem explosiven Knallgas verhindert.According to task The present invention is therefore an arrangement of the aforementioned Art created without excessive mechanical Strain the membrane with simple means a secure mutual Sealing of the chambers, in particular in the case of an electrolyzer or a fuel cell guaranteed and leakage of hydrogen gas on the one hand and oxygen gas on the other hand, and thus the risk of mixing these gases prevents an explosive detonating gas.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt erfindungsgemäß durch eine Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 1; vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind jeweils Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The solution This object is achieved according to the invention by an arrangement according to claim 1; advantageous embodiments of the invention are each the subject the dependent claims.
Unter Beibehaltung des grundsätzlichen Aufbaus der Anordnung, insbesondere eines Elektrolyseurs bzw. einer Brennstoffzelle, kann durch den Überdruck des zusätzlich vorgesehenen Sperrfluids ein Ausdringen des jeweiligen Fluids aus den Kammern im Randbereich der zwischen den Stirnflächen liegenden Membran, und damit ein Zusammentreffen von Wasserstoffgas und Sauerstoffgas im Fall eines Elektrolyseurs bzw. einer Brennstoffzelle mit einfachen Mitteln und im Fall hoher mechanischer Membran-Belastung mit ungehinderter Verwendung einer Gewebeschicht-Verstärkung mit Sicherheit vermieden werden; in fertigungstechnisch besonders einfacher Weise ist dabei das Sperrfluid von einem die aneinanderliegenden Stirnflächen in dem abzudichtenden Umfangsbereich umgebenden, mit den Kammern in Durchtrittsverbindung stehenden Sperr-Ringkanal aufgenommen.Under Maintaining the fundamental Structure of the arrangement, in particular an electrolyzer or a Fuel cell, can by the overpressure of the additional provided blocking fluid out of the respective fluid the chambers in the edge region of lying between the end faces Membrane, and thus a meeting of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas in the case of an electrolyzer or a fuel cell with simple Means and in case of high mechanical membrane load with unhindered Use of a fabric layer reinforcement avoided with certainty become; in manufacturing technology particularly simple way is doing the barrier fluid from one of the abutting end faces in surrounding the peripheral area to be sealed, with the chambers in Passage connection standing blocking ring channel added.
Zur weiteren bautechnischen Vereinfachung ist der Sperr-Ringkanal in die in dem Umfangsbereich aneinanderliegenden Stirnflächen der Kammern eingeformt; eine Abdichtung des dabei aus zwei Kammer-Ringteilen zusammengesetzten Sperr-Ringkanals nach radial außerhalb erfolgt nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung durch eine zwischen den aneinanderliegenden Stirnflächen angeordnetes, mit hinreichendem Dichtungsdruck pressbares elastisches Außen-Dichtmittel; die Membran ist zwischen den aneinanderliegenden Stirnflächen vorteilhaft radial innerhalb des Ringkanals durch ein elastisches Membran-Halterungsmittel festgeklemmt, das aufgrund der Abdichtung durch den Überdruck des Sperrfluids lediglich mit einem gegenüber einem ansonsten erforderlichen Abdichtungsdruck verringerten Halterungsdruck auf die Membran, bzw. die Membran und deren Gewebeschicht-Auflage, einwirkt.to further structural simplification is the locking ring channel in the abutting in the peripheral area end faces of the Chambers molded; a seal of doing two chamber ring parts composite locking annular channel radially outward takes place according to an embodiment of the invention by an intermediate the adjacent end faces arranged, with sufficient sealing pressure pressable elastic outer sealant; the membrane is advantageous between the adjacent end faces radially within the annular channel by an elastic membrane retaining means clamped, due to the seal by the overpressure the barrier fluid only with respect to one otherwise required Sealing pressure reduced holding pressure on the membrane, or the membrane and its fabric layer pad, acts.
Die Erfindung sowie vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden, ohne Beschränkung auf diese, im Folgenden anhand von in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert; darin zeigen:The Invention and advantageous embodiments of the invention, without restriction these, hereinafter with reference to schematically shown in the drawing embodiments explained in more detail; in this demonstrate:
In den Figuren wird die Erfindung in Anwendung auf eine Elektrolyseur-Anlage erläutert, in der Wasser durch Elektrolyse in seine Grundkomponenten Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff zerlegt wird; der umgekehrte Prozess läuft in einer Brennstoffzelle ab. Der grundsätzliche mechanische Aufbau ist, z.B. aus der WO 01/48845, bekannt, wobei insbesondere die gegenseitige Abdichtung zwischen den Zellen und der Membran durch eine mit entsprechendem Dichtungsdruck an die Membran angepresste elastische Dichtung erfolgt.In the figures, the invention is applied to an electrolyzer plant explains in the water by electrolysis in its basic components hydrogen and oxygen is decomposed; the reverse process runs in one Fuel cell off. The fundamental mechanical construction is, e.g. from WO 01/48845, known, wherein in particular the mutual sealing between the cells and the Membrane through one with appropriate sealing pressure to the membrane Pressed elastic seal takes place.
Eine
anodenseitige (+ Pol) Polplatte
In
den voreinanderliegenden Stirnflächen sind
Kammern bildende, stirnseitig offene Prozess-Ringkanäle
Die
Polplatten
Die
gegenüber
der bekannten Lösung
vorteilhafte Abdichtung zur Vermeidung eines explosiven Sauerstoff-Wasserstoff-Gemisches
wird im Folgenden im Wesentlichen unter Bezugnahme auf die Ausschnittsvergrößerung gemäß
Der
anodenseitige Prozess-Ringkanal
Die
offenen Seiten der anodenseitigen Prozess-Ringkanäle
Radial
außerhalb
der Membrane
Die
druckbelastungsempfindliche Membran
Die
eigentliche Abdichtung wird durch den Überdruck des Sperr-Fluids in
dem Sperr-Ringkanal
Möglicherweise
aufgrund des Überdrucks von
dem Sperr-Ringkanal
Nach
radial außen
kann eine Leckage des Sperr-Ringkanals
Die
Erfindung lässt
sich im Wesentlichen wie folgt zusammenfassen:
In einem äußeren Umfangsbereich
von zumindest zwei mit ansonsten zueinander offenen Stirnflächen
In an outer peripheral region of at least two with otherwise mutually open end faces
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005037370A DE102005037370B3 (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2005-08-08 | Arrangement of fluid-filled chambers separated by a membrane, especially in an electrolyzer or fuel cell, comprises a barrier channel that surrounds the membrane and contains a fluid that exerts a counterpressure |
FR0606873A FR2889543A1 (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2006-07-27 | DEVICE HAVING AT LEAST TWO NARROWLY CLOSED CHAMBERS EMPLOYED, RESPECTIVELY, WITH A FLUID. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005037370A DE102005037370B3 (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2005-08-08 | Arrangement of fluid-filled chambers separated by a membrane, especially in an electrolyzer or fuel cell, comprises a barrier channel that surrounds the membrane and contains a fluid that exerts a counterpressure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102005037370B3 true DE102005037370B3 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
Family
ID=37650593
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005037370A Expired - Fee Related DE102005037370B3 (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2005-08-08 | Arrangement of fluid-filled chambers separated by a membrane, especially in an electrolyzer or fuel cell, comprises a barrier channel that surrounds the membrane and contains a fluid that exerts a counterpressure |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102005037370B3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2889543A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007003913B3 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-05-29 | Mechanik Center Erlangen Gmbh | Cell unit for e.g. electrolysis cells comprises two chambers filled with fluid under pressure and separated by walls enclosing membrane, junction between chambers being sealed by ring channel filled with fluid under higher pressure |
WO2009082406A1 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-02 | Utc Power Corporation | Fuel cell and bipolar plate for limiting leakage |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202005003934U1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2005-06-16 | Kaufmann, Hans, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | Electrolyzer for producing hydrogen and oxygen comprises oxygen and hydrogen separation chambers located within an electrolysis cell block |
-
2005
- 2005-08-08 DE DE102005037370A patent/DE102005037370B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-07-27 FR FR0606873A patent/FR2889543A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202005003934U1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2005-06-16 | Kaufmann, Hans, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | Electrolyzer for producing hydrogen and oxygen comprises oxygen and hydrogen separation chambers located within an electrolysis cell block |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007003913B3 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-05-29 | Mechanik Center Erlangen Gmbh | Cell unit for e.g. electrolysis cells comprises two chambers filled with fluid under pressure and separated by walls enclosing membrane, junction between chambers being sealed by ring channel filled with fluid under higher pressure |
WO2009082406A1 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-02 | Utc Power Corporation | Fuel cell and bipolar plate for limiting leakage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2889543A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69311792T2 (en) | HIGH PRESSURE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AFBAU | |
DE102007048184B3 (en) | Electrochemical system and biopolar plate | |
EP1278259B1 (en) | Fuel cell unit | |
DD211130A5 (en) | ELECTRODE COMPONENT | |
DE19829142A1 (en) | Gas-tight combination of bipolar plate and membrane-electrode assembly of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells | |
DE202020102153U1 (en) | Extended electrolytic cell with ion exchange membrane | |
DE102010024316A1 (en) | Seal for a bipolar plate of a fuel cell | |
EP2065958A1 (en) | Bipolar plates for a fuel cell stack | |
DE102014010813A1 (en) | Frame for an electrolyzer, electrolysis cell module and electrolyzer | |
EP4166691A1 (en) | Frame for pem electrolytic cells and pem electrolytic cell stack for producing high pressure hydrogen by means of differential pressure electrolysis | |
DE29504323U1 (en) | Electrolysis cell for the production of ozone or oxygen | |
EP0071740A1 (en) | Monopolar electrolytic filter-press cell | |
DE19781442C1 (en) | Electrolysis unit for producing hydrogen@ and oxygen@ from water | |
JP7093362B2 (en) | Electrochemical cell for wastewater treatment with improved electrical protection | |
DE102004028141B4 (en) | Membrane Electrode Module (MEA) for a fuel cell and fuel cell stack | |
DE102005037370B3 (en) | Arrangement of fluid-filled chambers separated by a membrane, especially in an electrolyzer or fuel cell, comprises a barrier channel that surrounds the membrane and contains a fluid that exerts a counterpressure | |
DE102007022202B4 (en) | Fuel cell stack with a non-permeable insert with low contact resistance | |
DE2458063C2 (en) | Fuel cell unit | |
DE10135334B4 (en) | Fuel cell unit and fuel cell block assembly | |
DE102007003913B3 (en) | Cell unit for e.g. electrolysis cells comprises two chambers filled with fluid under pressure and separated by walls enclosing membrane, junction between chambers being sealed by ring channel filled with fluid under higher pressure | |
DE102006052727A1 (en) | Spiral wound fuel cell assembly | |
DE102019217053A1 (en) | Separator plate, especially for a fuel cell | |
EP3146586A1 (en) | Fuel cell device | |
DE19953417A1 (en) | Multi-cell, tightly sealed lead accumulator | |
DE102014214781A1 (en) | fuel cell device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8100 | Publication of patent without earlier publication of application | ||
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20130301 |