DE102005033484A1 - Battery/electric motor powered, preferably four-wheeled service trolley, with chassis with integrated driver safety seat consisting of tubular frame manufactured as light construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery/electric motor powered, preferably four-wheeled service trolley, with a chassis with an integrated driver safety seat consisting of a tubular frame (1) manufactured as a light construction. The chassis on account of its changing structures and equipment variants is suitable for a variety of applications. The service trolley is electrically equipped throughout, but electrically controlled structures with pneumatics and/or hydraulics are possible.

Description

The The invention relates to a battery / electric motor operated, preferably 4-wheeled service car lightweight, compact design with front-wheel drive and steering, primarily - however not exclusively - for in-house Transport.

electrical operated service, workshop and / or trolley are out the literature - too under the technical term electric carts, tool, golf cart - sufficient known. You have found and will have a wide range of applications in factories, warehouses, hospitals, airfields, railway stations, but also at the city cleaning as sweepers, snow blowers or Mowing machine, etc., as a simple platform carts if necessary. Also with special bodies as Hubkarren, Zugkarren, cleaning carts, etc., in manifold Used and used way.

Of the Electric carts of old design requires only 1-person operation, runs fully rubberized or airy to impact as much as possible to keep away from the battery needed no lane and no overhead line, is relatively heavy built, has a carrying capacity up to 3 t and settles difficult to pass through workshops, narrow, smooth factory yards and the like in sharp bends. to steer. The maneuverability and maneuverability of the electric cart is rather modest.

Of the DC motor is also used in non-rail vehicles, like the electric cart, in its various variations, and the recently returned to the foreground of interest Electric or hybrid road vehicle used. These electric or combination vehicles are at the same time Representatives of a special group of vehicles, not tethered Traction vehicles with energy storage, such as a battery.

The Characteristic of the electric motor drive with accumulators is the most favorable utilization the supplied to the chassis Energy. Accumulators-road vehicles are due to the simplicity of their electric drive in terms their reliability and operational safety surpassed by any other vehicle. The uniform torque of the electric motor has the consequence that the components of the accumulator vehicle operationally essential less stressed than when driven by other engines. The electric drive in conjunction with modern power electronics allows a very simple and economical speed regulation and operation. The Characteristic of the drive motor requires very favorable starting conditions, as a result, the electric vehicle for in-house transportation and local traffic with frequent Start and stop are superior do.

The size Life of the battery / electric motor-powered vehicles is through practice everywhere proven. As with all these vehicles is the drive device extraordinarily easy and reliable. To drive one or two DC series motors are used at a speed of between 200 rpm, the wheel hub motor, and 3,000 rpm, the high-speed engine is located. The power transmission occurs when using a motor via cardan or chain and differential gear or as a regulated direct drive without gearbox. When 2-motor drive is the gear ratio on front or rear wheels selected. The simplest speed control is the 1-motor drive through parallel and Series connection of the magnetic fields of the engine causes or in the a double collector motor is used. In the 2-motor drive In addition to the circuit of the magnetic fields is a parallel and series circuit the magnetic fields of the engine made. In general, a Frequency converter applied for speed change. The driving switch is usually the case with electric vehicles under the hood in front of the driver's seat, But he can also go to the tax column placed under or under the driver's seat and also under the chassis frame be arranged. It is operated by appropriate levers or rotary handles mounted in the driver's area.

Of the The caravan part of the electric cart is simple and so powerfully built, that he hardly subject to wear. The batteries are in containers or troughs housed, the - ever according to the design of the vehicle - in the middle under the frame, standing in front of the driver's seat under the hood or under the driver's cab installed or often on the two long sides of the vehicle, on crossbeams hanging, are arranged easily replaceable. For the purpose of standardizing the the inclusion of the cells serving battery trays and to facilitate the Replacement of the batteries became standard dimensions or standard series introduced.

in the Following is the state of the art of battery powered electromotive Vehicles valued; according to the state The technology of a variety of such vehicles are very different Tasks in use.

While the term tool car without exception 'rolling, muscle-powered tool boxes' are addressed primarily for repair shops, is in the published patent application DE 30 39 948 a steerable workshop trolley with work / lift table and parking brake for the chassis presented. Above the chassis is a Lifting table arranged, which is height adjustable by means of a hydraulically actuated lifting device. The chassis consists of the vertical axis swivel castors that follow the movements of the car, used as work, assembly, transport or workshop cars; extendable supports also ensure a secure footing.

adversely is that the Workshop trolley over no own drive has.

In the published patent application DE 28 41 902 An autonomous terrain repair vehicle for the maintenance and repair of motor vehicles is disclosed. A generator ensures the power supply of the machines on board. The workshop trolley is not intended for the internal work area.

In the disclosure DE 25 34 154 becomes another truck and in the lay-out DE 14 55 728 a road vehicle, in particular an equipped motor vehicle, presented as a workshop car.

In the protection right publications a large number of loading and transport vehicles have been registered for a wide variety of applications; in the following, only the self-propelled are considered in detail. In the patent DE 27 24 171 a trolley for a transport system is described, in which at least one motor-driven trolley is guided along a path and which includes a device which emits along the way the movement state of the trolley controlling signals.

Of the presented trolley is part of an automated production and storage system; a manual mode is for the car not set up.

In the disclosure DE 25 31 170 and in the patent DE 25 31 098 Likewise, remote-controlled, motor-driven transport vehicles are provided as parts of a system for internal transport.

The German disclosure DE 25 12 311 shows the development of an arbitrarily movable, steerable trolley with a drawbar and from this via a steering drive to each other in opposite directions pivotable front and rear wheels, preferably used for the transport of sliver cans in spinning mills. The trolley has no self-propelled.

The German Auslegeschrift DE 25 09 166 discloses a non-powered rail-mounted vehicle articulated trolley for transporting automobiles, agricultural and industrial vehicles, caravans, etc.

The The invention does not relate to in-house transport.

In the disclosure DE 22 62 414 a drive system for dolly between two or more specified positions is presented, wherein the drive via a pressure fluid motor and the pressure in the parking positions of the trolley is electrically constructed.

The heavy-duty, rail-bound application is in a steel plant intended.

The layout DE 22 35 495 represents a self-propelled transport device with a driver steerable by the driver car for moving non-driven, provided with a drawbar dolly, the connection between the drive car and trolley is rigid. Because of the frequent excess length of the load, often vertically standing, closely lined up wood / chipboard, had to be dispensed with a drive with electric carts. The device is intended for in-house, heavy use, but also for non-residential factory premises, in the furniture industry.

at the 3-wheeled Electric drive carts, the handlebar acts directly on the control unit on the drive and steering wheel.

The layout DE 21 64 072 makes a holder for the battery tray in the chassis of battery-powered vehicles or provided for changing the battery dolly known so that the battery tray is mounted by means of rollers mounted, on / auszieh- and rastbarer guide rails or can be moved.

The Invention deals with an important sub-aspect of electrically driven Vehicles.

According to the leaflet DE 12 77 546 an electro-hydraulically controlled self-propelled trolley for the automatic entry and exit of motor vehicles is presented in or out of the parking spaces of mechanized garages. The trolley is moved by a cable drive built into the elevator cage of a conveyor with telescopically retractable and extendable cable carrier or has a built-in drive, which drives one or more supporting wheels acting as friction wheels.

Of the Dolly is not used independently as part of a system.

The European patent EP 742 692 of discloses a four-wheeled, mobile trolley with a base plate and stanchions, as used in the building cleaning technology application.

Of the Dolly has none own drive.

According to the prior art, depending on the application, a variety of electric carts are known. The patent DE 27 43 373 has a two-seat battery-powered electric cart with loading platform and located behind the driver's seat hydraulic crane and mounted on the chassis hydraulic supports. According to its predetermined function, it is a heavy duty electric carts.

According to the applications utility model 'Electric trolley balking', DE 16 36 031 , Utility model 'steering device for electric carts with driver's seat', DE 16 21 164 , and utility model 'Fahrrglerbetigung an Elektrokarren', DE 16 19 659 , different operating concepts for the drive and the steering are presented.

All Registrations refer to the operation of electric carts with driver's seat.

Patent DE 90 31 71 introduces an electric cart for forward and reverse, in which the driver's seat assembly can be taken according to the direction of travel and thus allows a longer lasting reverse drive. The driver's seat must be changed according to the direction of travel.

Accordingly, the patents DE 72 03 96 and DE 72 02 44 each an electric cart with a low cargo area and a driver's seat for forward drive and a driver's cab for driving backwards.

In the patent exposé DE 46 08 90 the electric motor serving the drive, in particular of electric carts, is arranged under the vehicle frame instead of on the wheel axles. Advantage of this measure is the better cooling of the drive, since a dust-proof encapsulation is eliminated.

The measure might in-house use of the vehicle is not the meaning to have.

In the European patent application EP 14 176 / Swiss patent CH 62 97 09 a passenger vehicle is shown as an electric car, the rear suspension with drive unit and battery power for the purpose of battery maintenance or change is completely separated from the body with the front suspension. For the intended separation heavy auxiliary equipment is necessary.

The Swiss patent application CH 20 41 01 relates to an electric car with individually driven wheels, which are mounted on crank arms, which are formed by the motor housings and these continuing parts. The driving forces are introduced at wheel height from the ground via crank drives from the engine. The disadvantage that the frame is high above the drive is avoided; It is achieved a particularly low frame position.

adversely However, affects the drive via an angle gear.

After the German disclosure DE 30 49 531 For example, for an electric car driven by an induction motor, the chassis has at least one vibration damping element disposed between the armature of the induction motor and the wheels of the chassis. The self-excitation vibration in the drive shaft system of the chassis between the armature of the induction motor and the wheels of the chassis is prevented or at least reduced when there is a slip or when the brake is applied.

According to the prior art, depending on the application, a variety of golf carts are known, the patent applications usually have an additional drive unit, which can also be retrofitted to the content. So lies in the protective rights DE 43 03 535 a disclosure and in DE 299 00 305 a utility model, previous application DE 93 01 660 , about an electric pushing device for manually moving golf carts and the like, which can be attached via a quick coupling. A rotary potentiometer in the transport handle steplessly controls the speed of the electric drive. A flywheel with speed-dependent flywheels on the shaft of the engine should help to improve the efficiency.

The Vehicle does not have a driver's cabin or seat and is manually driven by an electric motor.

Another power driven drive unit for golf cart is under the German utility model DE 203 05 331 Registered. The accumulator-operated electric motor, here also an accessory to the hand-operated transport device, is mechanically connected by means of a translation with a wheel of the golf cart and electrically connected to an accumulator mounted on the axle.

electrical Switching elements are not visible.

The publication DE 198 15 813 International application WO 1998 045 154 provides a trolley for small loads - especially a golf cart - in which the lateral axes are formed with the suspension as telescopic axes, which are telescopically adjustable in length with changing the track to reduce the space required when not in use.

The Device becomes driven by electric motor, but is also managed by hand.

utility Models DE 93 06990 discloses a golf cart lightweight design with 12 V battery / motor drive, with the property to operate the golf cart either manually or by motor. The drive acts on the main axis.

One Driver's seat is in the 3-wheeled Carts not provided.

According to the utility model DE 91 13 433 a battery / electric motor-driven golf cart lightweight design is presented, which avoids the disadvantages of previous designs - essentially complex, expensive technology, high weight and thus not dismantled. There are two 55 Ah batteries, which act on a, over the rear axle arranged drive of 500 W ... 1.200 W via a chain or a toothed belt - integrated gear - act on the rigid rear axle, the rear drive wheels are tightly arranged - Waiver to a differential - but equipped with a mechanically or hydraulically operated disc brake between the wheels. The battery / drive control works with / without energy recovery. The front wheels are suspended individually; the steering takes place via a transverse linkage. The handlebar is foldable; in the handlebar is the speed controller. Loads are - in the direction of travel - transported in front of the handlebars. The seat is height adjustable and removable; The vehicle frame is made of tubular poles, welded or brazed. The speed is 15 km / h, the radius of action per battery charge and person 20 km ... 35 km. Variation of speed to 25 km / h and one instead of two rear wheels is possible.

The Agility of the vehicle is affected by the rear-wheel drive.

The European application EP 602,300 presents a motorized golf cart, consisting of a roller part with rear-wheel drive and training wheels and an attachable, even for yourself mobile golf container part. The steering acts on the steerable front wheel. Steering wheel and golf container part are hinged for the purpose of more advantageous transport.

Of the Motorized golf cart is standing like a scooter or on the golf container part drove leaning.

The 'Human Transporter' is a 2-wheeled, battery / electric motor driven transport equipment for one Person, small speeds and short distances. The device balances itself off, starts, stops and changes direction when the user his body weight relocated. With its two motors, the device reaches a speed up to 20 km / h; used are brushless permanent magnet motors, Servo-motors. A newly developed sensor design allows precise monitoring the drive electronics of the engine, without the usual transducer and coders.

The Device is suitable for size Production facilities and warehouses as well as for Applications in travel and tourism, in the field of public safety as well for transport tasks in postal and shipping departments of companies, but only for 1-person transport. Disadvantage of the device is the non-existent transport space; there is no possibility of freight transport.

Becomes in the above 2-wheeled One-person transport device waived a wheel, you get the battery-powered, electric motor-driven unicycle (Hofer, K .: 28 V three-phase drive for electric vehicles, Bielefeld). Also worthy of note here is the sensor-controlled, speed-controlled Rim drive, consisting of an asynchronous machine, a mechanical Gearbox and a 3-phase inverter low DC link voltage for battery operation.

The Electric unicycle is exclusive for 1-person transport intended.

A Alternative of this passenger vehicle puts the 3-wheels, battery-powered electromotive transport device for notably one person, small speeds and short distances - also called 'Trottinet' - dar. The third small wheel, similar to a Rear scooter ensures sufficient stability of the means of transport and reduces the effort for the balance sensors significantly. In addition, the application is also of the device for the People easier to learn; the problem of man and machine in balance to bring, deleted.

disadvantage this device is also the non-existent transport space; there is no possibility of freight transport.

All featured publications are suitable Limited or not at all for the specific use as a service car.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a device according to the preamble of claim 1, a battery / electric motor operated, preferably 4-wheeled service cars lightweight, compact design with front-wheel drive and steering, primarily - however not exclusively - for in-house Transport, to create.

These Task is inventively characterized solved, that this Chassis with integrated driver safety seat made of a lightweight construction manufactured tubular frame consists.

The mobile, battery / electric motor driven chassis is grounded changing bodies and equipment variants very different Applications, also suitable for different craft trades, such as use in hotels, hospitals, nursing homes, as kitchen transporters with heating cupboard, as extinguishing, Rinsing or Cleaning vehicle, as a hotel vehicle for the transport of laundry and service functions, as a drug transporter in the hospital, as a service car in transport like railroad or airplane, as logistic transporters in warehouses or Workshop trolleys in factories, but also as high-pressure cleaners, industrial vacuum cleaners, Sweeper, mowing machine or snow clearers or as a service car for in-house and out-of-home luggage transport all kinds.

Of the Service car is invariably electrically equipped; for the respective use are However, electrically controlled bodies with pneumatic and / or hydraulic possible.

The achieved with the invention, in particular consist in the Reduction of waiting / dead times in the logistics sector in manifold, varied applications.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the mobile, Battery / electric motor-driven chassis in short design suitable as a tractor for trailers is.

A further form of expression the inventive novelty is given by the fact that the service car for the internal transport is spatially / weightily liftable and by sufficient ground clearance traffic / roadworthy and equipped according to technical rules and is allowed (works traffic according to road traffic regulations [StVO]).

preferred embodiments of the subject invention are shown in the drawings and will be closer in the following described. Show it

1 the overall front view of the service car in perspective

2 the overall rear view of the service car in perspective

3 the service trolley with cabinet construction as an application, from the front

4 the service trolley with cabinet construction as application, from behind

5 the detail driving and safety bar in driving position

6 the detail driving and safety bar in braking position / waiting position.

Same and equivalent components of the embodiments are in the Figures each provided with the same reference numerals.

The Description of the device according to the invention will continue on the basis of the explanations the pictures.

How out 1 As can be seen, the service trolley consists of a lightweight tubular frame 1 to the front wheels 2 and the rear wheels 3 are mounted. In addition, the tubular frame carries the battery box 4 with charging socket 4a including the battery tray and the electric control for driving and braking operation, forward and reverse, steering and lighting and other electrical equipment, such as charging device (not shown in detail). Between the tubular frame and the battery box is a standing platform 5 , which can also be ergonomic, resilient and / or height-adjustable, suspended. Fixed to the tubular frame is a standing seat 6 with back support 7 , each also adjustable and taking up the smallest space requirements.

On the tubular frame is in an adjusted height of the driving and safety bar 9 hinged, electrically contacted stored, which is also the operating and control element 10 'Deadman' circuit of the vehicle such as driving and braking, forward and reverse, steering, lighting, visual and audible alarms, switchable hazard warning lights, battery status indicator, etc. (not shown in detail).

The standing seat 6 , the backrest 7 and the driving and safety bar 9 form a mechanical unit, which - depending on the driver - size appropriate for the body with the help of the arrester 8th height can be adjusted.

In the upper part of the tubular frame is the lighting / signaling 11 assembled; As required on the road, parking / driving lights, turn signal flashing lights, tail lights, brake lights, etc. are also fitted here (not shown in detail). An illuminated display panel with / without flashing function 12 can be used for identification, eg display of stations or destinations.

Left- and right-side outside mirror are also mounted on the tubular frame and can with the height adjustment Standing seat / backrest / driving and safety bars combined (not shown in detail).

A parking brake is also with the driving and safety bar 9 combined and can act for example by a run in the tubular frame mechanical cable on the drive or steering wheels. Also can be a separate parking brake attach to the tube frame.

2 shows the overall rear view of the service car in perspective view; the reference numerals correspond to those of 1 , For service purposes, the batteries / the battery tray - here exemplified - to the rear of the battery box 4 be removed. The lighting / signaling 11 symbolizes the rear displays here.

In 3 exemplifies the service car with a cabinet construction 13 shown as an application from the front.

4 shows the service trolley with cabinet construction 13 in perspective from behind; battery box 4 and cabinet construction are exemplary open from the back and accessible.

5 shows the driving and safety bar 9 with the operating / control element 10 in driving position. An electrical contact system reports 'strap closed' and releases the operation of the service car; the mechanical parking brake is released. The release can also be done with a footswitch in conjunction with the standing platform 5 be combined.

6 shows the folded-up driving and safety bar 9 in braking position / waiting position; also this position 'bracket open' is electrically queried and evaluated; the parking brake is tightened mechanically.

drive and steering are designed as follows; a smallest possible Turning circle with optimal maneuverability is aimed for. The Vehicle must be in front do not have a continuous axis. In combination with the front suspension are per wheel drives, such as the speed-controlled rim, hub or Disc motor as an asynchronous three-phase drive, provided, the added be through a mechanical gear per wheel and a 3-phase inverter at low intermediate circuit voltage in the range 40V ... 60 V for battery operation. The brake, in addition to the mechanical parking brake, is as a motor brake - regenerative Brake - executed. In addition, can the energy recovery find application in downhill or braking operation.

The Steering is done by left and right side different speed specifications. Because of the separate, left and right-hand controlled drives can be dispensed with a compensating differential gear.

The rear steering or training wheels are as swivel wheels accomplished and adapt to the specifications of the front wheels. Through this combination of each unilaterally controlled, front drives with rear pivot wheels is Driving smallest radii right through to 'on the spot' turning possible. Depending on the embodiment and purpose of the service car may be the 4-wheeled car to a 3-wheeled Be waiving the back side and towards one rear central swivel wheel.

Other drive concepts, the engine type and the axle and wheel assembly concerning are conceivable. A gearshift, as for forward / reverse operation, eliminated due to the use of power electronics. The drive control takes place via the operating and control element 10 of the driving or safety bar 9 , The operating and control element each consists of a left- and right-side rotary and / or slide switch, with lateral movement of a handle acts as a right / left steering. Turning from the home position in one direction or the other causes forward or reverse operation while the other rotary handle provides the speed. Again, other operating concepts can be used.

A sees further advantageous embodiment of the inventive novelty before, as tires shock-absorbing and thus battery-saving pneumatic tires, such as balloon tires set up.

For in-house transport speeds of 20 km / h are provided; The range / range of action depends on the body and the application reference and the Battery / energy management with / without energy recovery during descent and / or braking operation.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention, the rear structure in one, for the one-person carriage according to secured seating ('Janus').

The numerous possibilities and advantages of the embodiment of the invention are reflected in the number the property rights claims contrary.

1

tubular frame

2

front wheel, drive wheel

3

rear supporting and steering wheel

4

battery box

4a

charging socket

5

standing platform

6

standing seat

7

Back support, backrest

8th

lock

9

driving and safety bars

10

operator and control element

11

Lighting / Signaling

12

Display panel illuminated

13

cabinet layout

Claims (13)

The invention relates to a battery / electric motor-driven, preferably 4-wheeled service car lighter, compact design with front-wheel drive and steering, primarily for in-house transport, characterized in that the chassis with integrated driver safety seat consists of a lightweight tubular frame manufactured , Motor-driven service trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile, battery / electric motor driven chassis due to changing Bodies and equipment variants of different applications, also meet different craft trades. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the service car without exception electrically equipped is, however, are electrically controlled structures with pneumatic and / or Hydraulics possible. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mobile, battery / electric motor operated Chassis in short design is suitable as a tractor for trailers. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the service car for in-house Transport is spatially / weightily liftable and due to sufficient ground clearance traffic / roadworthy equipped and approved according to the technical rules. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that between tubular frame and battery box a standing platform, which is also ergonomic, springy and / or height-adjustable, suspended can be, is set up. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on the tubular frame at an adjusted height of the driving and safety bar swiveling, electrically contacted the release switching, is stored, the also the operating and control element, 'deadman circuit', the vehicle and a hanger-controlled Parking brake bears, on the drive or steering wheels acts. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the standing seat, the back support and the driving and safety bar one form a mechanical unit, which together with the exterior mirrors - depending on Driver - body size-appropriate height adjusted with the help of the lock become. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the upper part of the tubular frame the lighting / signaling traffic / roadworthy, according to the technical Equipped with rules and approved, mounted and an illuminated display panel with / without flashing function for marking or displaying stations or goals. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in combination with the front suspension per Wheel drives, such as the speed-regulated rim, hub or disc motor are provided as an asynchronous three-phase drive, which are supplemented by a mechanical gear per wheel and a 3-phase inverter at low DC link voltage in the range 40V ... 60V for battery operation with - beside the parking brake - generator / engine brake and additional Energy recovery when driving down or braking. Motor-driven service trolley according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the steering by left and on the right side, different speed specifications are made waiving a compensating differential gear, the rear steering or support wheels are designed as swivel wheels and adapt to the specifications of the front wheels to 'on the spot' turning, which also applies to the 3-wheeled car, waiving the rear side and towards a rear central swivel wheel. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the drive control via the operating and control element of the driving or safety bar by means of a left and right side rotary and / or slide switch, wherein lateral movement of a handle such as right / left steering acts, turning from the basic position to one or the other Direction forward or reverse operation causes while the other knob determines the speed. Motor-driven service trolley after at least one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the rear construction of a, for the one-person carriage according secure seating exists.