DE102005024623B4 - Method for producing a ceramic glow plug for a glow plug - Google Patents
Method for producing a ceramic glow plug for a glow plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102005024623B4 DE102005024623B4 DE200510024623 DE102005024623A DE102005024623B4 DE 102005024623 B4 DE102005024623 B4 DE 102005024623B4 DE 200510024623 DE200510024623 DE 200510024623 DE 102005024623 A DE102005024623 A DE 102005024623A DE 102005024623 B4 DE102005024623 B4 DE 102005024623B4
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sintering
- glow plug
- debinding
- carried out
- pressure
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
- C04B2235/3843—Titanium carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3852—Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3891—Silicides, e.g. molybdenum disilicide, iron silicide
Abstract
Verfahren zum Herstellen eines keramischen Glühstiftes für eine Glühkerze, der aus einem inneren Kern und wenigstens einer diesen umgebenden Außenschicht aufgebaut ist, bei dem nach der Formgebung des Glühstiftes dieser entbindert und gesintert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entbinderung und Sinterung in einem Arbeitsprozess in einem Kombinationsofen durchgeführt werden, wobei der Temperaturbereich für die Sinterung zwischen 1750°C und 1900°C liegt.method for producing a ceramic glow plug for a glow plug, which consists of an inner Core and at least one of these surrounding outer layer is constructed at after the shaping of the glow plug this is debinded and sintered, characterized in that the debinding and sintering in a working process in one Combination oven performed with the temperature range for the sintering between 1750 ° C and 1900 ° C.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines keramischen Glühstiftes für eine Glühkerze, der aus einem inneren Kern und wenigstens einer diesen umgebenden Außenschicht aufgebaut ist, nach dem Gattungsbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The The invention relates to a method for producing a ceramic glow plug for one glow plug that of an inner core and at least one surrounding it outer layer is constructed according to the preamble of claim 1.
Keramische
Glühstifte
für Glühkerzen
mit diesem Aufbau sind un ter anderem aus der
Zur Herstellung derartiger keramischer Glühstifte werden bisher komplexe Formgebungs- und Konsolidierungsprozesse verwandt, bei denen unter anderem ein Schlickerguss, ein Spritzguss, eine Extrusion, eine wässrige Entbinderung, eine thermische Entbinderung und eine Sinterung erfolgen. Diese Teilprozesse sind schlecht automatisierbar, was insbesondere für den Schlickerguss gilt.to Production of such ceramic glow pencils are so far complex Forming and consolidation processes related, among others a slip casting, an injection molding, an extrusion, an aqueous debindering, a thermal debinding and sintering take place. These subprocesses are difficult to automate, which in particular for slip casting applies.
Aus
der
Bei den bisher angewandten bekannten Herstellungsverfahren ist darüber hinaus die Bauteilgestaltung unflexibel, was beispielsweise für das Heißpressen gilt, und beseht eine eingeschränkte Handhabungsmöglichkeit der Bauteile auf Grund der geringen Braunfestigkeit.at the previously used known manufacturing process is beyond the component design inflexible, which, for example, for hot pressing applies, and is limited handling capability the components due to the low brown strength.
Durch die bei der Herstellung verwandte aufwändige Ofentechnik ist die Fertigung nach den bisher bekannten Herstellungsverfahren darüber hinaus kostenintensiv. Das wird zum einen durch die hohen Einzelkosten von Entbinderungs- und Sinteröfen verursacht und ist zum anderen eine Folge der Fertigung der einzelnen Bauteile der Glühstifte in ge trennten Entbinderungs- und Sinterprozessen. Das führt zu langen Gesamtprozesszeiten und somit hohen Stückkosten.By The elaborate furnace technology used in production is the production beyond the previously known production method beyond costly. On the one hand, this is due to the high direct costs of debindering and sintering furnaces caused and on the other hand a consequence of the production of the individual Components of glow plugs in separate debindering and sintering processes. That leads to long Total process times and thus high unit costs.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht daher darin, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, das einfacher und kostengünstiger ist.The The object underlying the invention is therefore a Specify method of the type mentioned, the easier and cost-effective is.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch das Verfahren gelöst, das in Patentanspruch 1 angegeben ist.These Task is carried out according to the invention solved the procedure, that is specified in claim 1.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sind somit einfachere und kostengünstigere Formgebungs- und Konsolidierungsverfahren verkettet.at the method according to the invention are thus simpler and less expensive shaping and consolidation procedures concatenated.
Besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 2 bis 14.Especially preferred embodiments and further developments of the method according to the invention are Subject of the claims 2 to 14.
Wenn gemäß der Erfindung eine Kombination aus einer thermischen Entbinderung und einer Sinterung in einem einzigen Ofen durchgeführt wird, ergibt sich eine einfache und kostengünstige Fertigung. Dabei kann die Sinterung unter Sauerstoff mit maximal 10 bar Druck durchgeführt werden.If according to the invention a combination of thermal debinding and sintering performed in a single oven is, results in a simple and cost-effective production. It can the sintering is carried out under oxygen with a maximum of 10 bar pressure.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt eine deutliche Prozesszeitverkürzung, da Abkühl- und Aufheizzeiten wegfallen, ermöglicht eine Kostenersparnis, da beispielsweise die Entbinderung und Sinterung in einer einzigen Ofenanlage bei maximal 10 bar durchgeführt werden können, und verbessert das Handling, da kein Umsetzen der Bauteile nach der Entbinderung zur anschließenden Sinterung notwendig ist.The inventive method allows a significant process time reduction, since cooling and Heat-up times eliminated, allows a cost saving, as for example, the debindering and sintering be carried out in a single furnace at a maximum of 10 bar can, and improves handling, since no reacting of the components after the Debinding to the subsequent Sintering is necessary.
Dadurch, dass gemäß der Erfindung die Entbinderung und die Sinterung miteinander prozessgekoppelt, d.h. verkettet sind, ist das Verfahren serientauglich und kostengünstig.Thereby, that according to the invention the debindering and the sintering process-coupled with each other, i.e. are concatenated, the process is suitable for mass production and cost.
Im Folgenden wird anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnung ein besonders bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher beschrieben. Es zeigein the The following is based on the accompanying drawing a particularly preferred embodiment closer to the invention described. Show it
In
Dieser
Glühstift
besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem inneren leitfähigen Kern
Die
Leitfähigkeit ρa der äußeren Schicht
Die
Formgebung des in
Der oben beschriebene Schichtaufbau stellt lediglich ein Beispiel dar, es können auch andere Schichtanordnungen vorgesehen und extrudiert werden. Beispielsweise kann zusätzlich eine Schutzschicht zur Verbesserung des Korrosionsverhaltens außen aufgebracht sein.Of the layer structure described above is merely an example it can also other layer arrangements are provided and extruded. For example, in addition a protective layer applied to improve the corrosion behavior outside be.
Als Werkstoff für einen derartigen keramischen Glühstift eignen sich insbesondere Nichtoxidkeramiken wie SiC und Si3N4 bzw. Mischkeramiken wie SiAlOne. Zur Sinterbarkeit sind diesen Werkstoffen Zusätze, wie zum Beispiel Al2O3, Y2O3 oder andere Seltenerdoxide zudotiert. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Schichten wird durch die Dotierung mit unterschiedlichen Anteilen an beispielsweise TiN, TiC bzw. Siliciden eingestellt.Non-oxide ceramics such as SiC and Si 3 N 4 or mixed ceramics such as SiAlOne are particularly suitable as the material for such a ceramic glow plug. For sinterability, these materials additives such as Al 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 or other rare earth oxides are doped. The electrical conductivity of the layers is adjusted by the doping with different proportions of, for example, TiN, TiC or silicides.
Nach dem Ablängen des Grundkörpers kann eine weitere Grünbearbeitung, beispielsweise ein Abdrehen, Schleifen oder Bohren erfolgen. Die Kontaktierung des Grundkörpers mit einem Innenpol der Glühkerze kann über ein Loch im Grundkörperende erfolgen, die Kontaktierung mit dem Außenpol erfolgt umfangsseitig am Grundkörperende.To cutting to length of the basic body can another greening, For example, carried out a twisting, grinding or drilling. The Contacting the body with an inner pole of the glow plug can over make a hole in the base end, the contact with the external pole occurs circumferentially at the base end.
Die
für Wärmeerzeugung
verantwortliche elektrische Funktionsschicht, nämlich die glühfähige Kappe
Nach der Formgebung in der oben beschriebenen Weise wird das dadurch erzielte Bauteil entbindert und gesintert.To the shaping in the manner described above is characterized achieved component debinded and sintered.
Die Entbinderung erfolgt dabei entweder zweistufig (Lösungsmittel und thermisch) oder nur einstufig (thermisch oder Lösungsmittel). Zum besseren Handling der Bauteile kann der thermischen Entbinderung eine Vorsinterung nachgelagert werden. Die eigentliche Sinterung erfolgt danach.The Debinding is carried out either in two stages (solvent and thermal) or only in one stage (thermal or solvent). For better handling of the components of the thermal debinding a pre-sintering be downstream. The actual sintering takes place afterwards.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erfolgen die thermische Entbinderung und die Sinterung in einem Arbeitsprozess.at the method according to the invention Thermal debinding and sintering take place in one Work process.
Ein
dafür vorzugsweise
verwandter Kombinationsofen ist in
Der
in
Als
innere Heizung
In
Wie
es in
Vorzugsweise findet die Entbinderung bei einem Partialdruck von 20 bis 800 mbar, vorzugsweise unter Stickstoff oder Argon statt. Auch andere Gase oder Gaszusammensetzungen, wie beispielsweise Formiergas, Wasserstoff, usw. sind denkbar.Preferably finds debinding at a partial pressure of 20 to 800 mbar, preferably under nitrogen or argon. Also other gases or Gas compositions, such as forming gas, hydrogen, etc. are conceivable.
Zur
Vermeidung der Kondensation von Binderprodukten an kalten Stellen
und in der Isolation im Ofeninnenraum
Nach
der Entbinderung schließt
sich ein Sinterprozess an, wie es in
Die Temperaturmessung im Innenraum kann durch Pyrometer oder Thermoelemente, vorzugsweise auf Molybdänbasis erfolgen. Zum Schutz dieser Thermoelemente gegenüber der Kohlenstoffatmosphäre können die Thermoelemente mit gasdichten Schutzmänteln auf der Basis von Si3N4, BN oder MoSi2 versehen sein. Durch die Thermoelementmessung kann das Problem der Ablagerung von gasförmigen Produkten im Strahlengang, z.B. auf dem Messfenster vermieden werden.The temperature measurement in the interior can be done by pyrometers or thermocouples, preferably based on molybdenum. To protect these thermocouples against the carbon atmosphere, the thermocouples may be provided with gas-tight protective shells based on Si 3 N 4 , BN or MoSi 2 . By thermocouple measurement, the problem of deposition of gaseous products in the beam path, eg on the measuring window can be avoided.
Bei vorzugsweise aus Si3N4/MoSi2 aufgebauten keramischen Glühstiften erfolgt die Sinterung vorzugsweise in einer reduzierenden bis neutralen Atmosphäre. Als Sintergase dienen vorzugsweise Stickstoff und Argon bzw. deren Gasgemische. Die Sinterung kann bei einem Druck von bis zu 100 bar durchgeführt werden, wobei eine Prozessführung unter reinem Stickstoff bis 10 bar Maximaldruck besonders bevorzugt ist. Die Prozessführung wird dabei so gestaltet, dass der N2-Druck mit der Temperatur so variiert wird, dass im Bereich der offenen Porosität eine Mo5Si3-Bildung vermieden wird. Die Sintertemperatur liegt zwischen 1750°C und 1900°C.In ceramic heaters constructed preferably of Si 3 N 4 / MoSi 2 , the sintering is preferably carried out in a reducing to neutral atmosphere. The sintering gases used are preferably nitrogen and argon or their gas mixtures. The sintering can be carried out at a pressure of up to 100 bar, wherein a process control under pure nitrogen to 10 bar maximum pressure is particularly preferred. The process control is designed so that the N 2 pressure is varied with the temperature so that in the range of open porosity Mo 5 Si 3 formation is avoided. The sintering temperature is between 1750 ° C and 1900 ° C.
Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der elektrisch leitfähigen Schichten des Glühstiftes wird dabei neben der Materialzusammensetzung auch durch die Pulveraufbereitung, z.B. die Teilchengröße und die Phasenbildung beim Sinterprozess bestimmt.The electric conductivity the electrically conductive Layers of the glow plug In addition to the composition of the material, it is also processed by powder processing, e.g. the particle size and the phase formation determined during the sintering process.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
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DE200510024623 DE102005024623B4 (en) | 2005-05-30 | 2005-05-30 | Method for producing a ceramic glow plug for a glow plug |
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DE200510024623 DE102005024623B4 (en) | 2005-05-30 | 2005-05-30 | Method for producing a ceramic glow plug for a glow plug |
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DE102005024623A1 DE102005024623A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
DE102005024623B4 true DE102005024623B4 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
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CN102635479B (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2014-06-04 | 常州联德电子有限公司 | Preparation method of automobile silicon nitride ceramic glow plug |
DE102021107865A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Components made from a ceramic material composite and method for its manufacture |
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DE10066005C2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-04-10 | Eisenmann Kg Maschbau | Process for sintering aluminum-based sintered parts |
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EP1533571A2 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-05-25 | Beru AG | Process for producing ceramic glow plugs |
-
2005
- 2005-05-30 DE DE200510024623 patent/DE102005024623B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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DE3621216C2 (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1988-11-17 | Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd. | |
DE4120706A1 (en) * | 1991-06-22 | 1992-12-24 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SEALED SINTER WORKPIECES |
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US6084212A (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2000-07-04 | Le-Mark International Ltd | Multi-layer ceramic heater element and method of making same |
EP1070686B1 (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-11-21 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH | Liquid phase sintered silicon carbide shaped bodies having improved fracture toughness as well as high electrical resistance and method of making them |
DE10066005C2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-04-10 | Eisenmann Kg Maschbau | Process for sintering aluminum-based sintered parts |
DE10053327A1 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Heater, used in pencil-type glow plug for diesel engines, has uniform cross-section over its whole length with its insulating layer enlarged in region of its tip and its conductive layer reduced |
DE10119246A1 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-24 | Winklhofer & Soehne Gmbh | Drive and/or conveying chain comprises chain parts made from a powder metallurgical material produced by metal spraying joined together by a hinge |
DE10155230C1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2002-10-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electric glow plug for use in diesel engine has central conducting core connected to positive terminal, ceramic resistor cap and high resistance ceramic sheath connected to earth |
EP1496325A2 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-12 | Blüm, Heinz-Jürgen | Process for combined debinding and sintering of glass-ceramic, ceramic and metallic shaped articles |
EP1533571A2 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-05-25 | Beru AG | Process for producing ceramic glow plugs |
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