DE102005021390A1 - Rotor for wind-energy installations runs the energy of wind power over flat, adjustable blades with a large surface on arms for transferring this power to a braced mast - Google Patents

Abstract

Set up so as to rotate around a center column (1), a braced mast with arms (4) transfers energy/power to a generator that converts this energy into electric current. Reinforced as a tube with a concrete core, the center column keeps a rotor in position. The braced mast turns around the center column and its arms support blades (7) adjusted to the wind.

Description

at usual Rotor systems via rotor blades (in Propellerform), a lot of energy is lost, which loses itself by the pressure against the leaves until these laterally Dodge and work first. The same applies to many other variants of wind energy production, such as from a wind carousel that over adjustable sash profiles is driven, whereby only the oblique output as power to disposal stands. As a result, today modern propeller systems achieve a total efficiency of only about 35% of the swept Area.

to Yaw the whole load of the nacelle has to be moved with its rotor blades and the generator be, this load is larger equipment between 100 and 300 t. That requires a very strong turntable and high force in the adjustment to the wind direction, the equal applies to the blade adjustment, in the enormous forces through the long lever arm of the rotor blades on the turntables and have to be adjusted.

Of the Invention has for its object to create a rotor system which is simple in construction and thus economical, eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages and the overall efficiency the rotor system significantly increased.

• a) die Rotoranlage erhält eine feststehende Mittelsäule die mit ihrem unteren Stumpf bei bodennahem Betrieb in ein Fundament, oder bei einem Turm in die Turmspitze eingebunden ist. Dazu eignet sich besonders der Turm der unter dem Aktenzeichen 10 2005 014 025.4 beim Deutschen Patent- und Markenamt angemeldet ist.
• b) an diese Säule werden zwei Drehkränze angebaut, der erste am oberen Ende der Mittelsäule der zweite ungefähr auf halber Höhe, wobei der untere Drehkranz an seinem drehbaren Oberteil mit einem außenliegenden Zahnkranz ausgestattet ist, der über ein Ritzel den Generator antreibt;
• c) die beiden drehbaren Teile der Drehkränze werden entweder durch ein Rohr, oder durch einen quadratischen Gittermast dessen Innendurchmesser größer ist als der Außendurchmesser der Mittelsäule verbunden, und somit der Gittermast drehbar um die Mittelsäule angeordnet ist;
• d) dieses Rohr oder vorzugsweise der Gittermast erhält am oberen und unteren Ende je vier Arme die im 90° Raster angeschraubt werden. Die Länge der Arme entspricht mindestens der Breite eines Blattes.

This object is achieved by the following features:

• a) the rotor system receives a fixed center column which is integrated with its lower stump at ground level operation in a foundation, or in a tower in the spire. Particularly suitable for this purpose is the tower which is registered under the file number 10 2005 014 025.4 at the German Patent and Trademark Office.
• b) two turntables are mounted on this pillar, the first at the upper end of the center pillar, the second at about half height, the lower turntable being equipped on its rotatable upper part with an external toothed ring which drives the generator via a pinion;
• c) the two rotatable parts of the turntables are connected either by a pipe, or by a square lattice mast whose inner diameter is greater than the outer diameter of the center column, and thus the lattice mast is rotatably disposed about the center pillar;
• d) this tube or preferably the lattice mast receives at the top and bottom of each four arms which are screwed in 90 ° grid. The length of the arms is at least the width of a leaf.

Execution of the leaves:

For a plant become four leaves needed. The leaves can in their shape form a square or a square that is vertical in the middle has a shaft, the top and bottom as stub axle over the Protruding leaves, with these leaves are by bearings at the outer ends the arms are rotatably mounted.

Around from this horizontally rotatable reel with its four attached Scroll To get work performance the leaves constantly be put to the wind. This is done according to the invention by the following Solution;

sThe leaves be over bevel gears and waves that pass through the upper arms are so exposed to the wind, that viewed from the wind direction when clockwise of the rotor the left sheet always at 90 ° angle to the wind and thus 100% of the incoming wind forces in rotary motion implements. The front leaf is turned 45 ° to the right and gives way to the left, the opposite rear blade is opposite to 45 ° front and evades to the right.

The right against the wind running sheet is parallel to the wind and makes very little resistance.

The Adjustment to the wind takes place either over a wind vane, which over the Scroll on a vertical shaft and a bevel wheel firmly wedged to it is attached to align the leaves, or it is done via a Actuator of the over a gear that puts the shaft with the bevel gear in the wind and holds in the respective position.

at The first variant is a reduction in the forces that occur during storms and over the power of the generator is not possible, so the wind vane is only for smaller plants suitable. In contrast, the operation with a servomotor be controlled so that when the generator power of the Rotor is slightly taken out of the wind and so with diminished power can continue.

at the whole adjustment only the bevel gear is turned on the leaves align in the new direction. To completely override the rotor is enough Turn off the bevel gear one-quarter turn from the wind direction to deliver.

The adjustment requires very little effort and there is no need for large las be moved.

A second advantageous solution of the system is not to operate the mounted on the center column generator sprocket, pinion and a gearbox, but to arrange a ring generator on the feet and struts of a tower horizontally, the generator stator is firmly connected to the tower and is designed so that it simultaneously replaced with the generator rotor, the lower turntable and the system touches down with her arms on the rotor part of the generator. As a result, the system is very stable and greatly reduces the buckling moment of the center column. This has the advantage that very large leaves can be used, which also leads to high performance. Further details will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings, in part in simplified form and with reference to the drawings. The 1 to 11 demonstrate:

1 the center column with lattice mast and four attached arms, for the sake of clarity, only two opposing pairs of arms were shown with the associated leaves;

2 to 1 Detail ABC with system of blade adjustment;

3 the lower parts of the rotor with a ring generator which is constructed in a horizontal position on the top floor of the tower, which is registered under the file number 10 2005 014 025.4, the ring generator also serves as a turntable;

4 the cross section of the turntable in a greatly simplified form;

5 the cross section of the center column with built-in reinforced concrete core;

6 the view of a sheet from above with horizontal bracing and intermediate supports;

7 the section II-II horizontally through a leaf;

8th The rotor system seen from above with wind direction and bevel gear direction in full working position:

9 the rotor system as at 8th 45 ° off-set bevel gear and thus with reduced power;

10 the rotor system as at 8th and 9 at rest with bevel gear 90 ° out of the wind;

11 the section II vertically through a leaf with relaxation of the wave and the individual leaf fields.

1

Central column

2A

lower slewing ring

2 B

upper slewing ring

3

lattice boom

4

rotor arms

5A

lower Bracing the arms (steel cables)

5B

upper Bracing the arms (steel cables)

6

trestle on the lattice mast with bearings for the

adjusting

7

total leaf

8th

reed shaft

9A

double U-profile

9B

U-profile

9C

U-profile with wedge approach

10

Supports for rope suspensions horizontal and vertical

11A

vertical Wellenabspannung

11B

horizontal Blattabspannung

12

Leaf surface (sandwich elements with smoother on both sides

Surface)

13

wave for wind direction adjustment

14

Kegelkopfrad

15

Bevel gears (14 + 15 = 1: 1)

16

Bevel gears to the upper outer arms

17

Bevel gears above at the leaf waves (16 + 17 = 1: 2)

18

waves for blade adjustment

19

camp

20

Wind direction servomotor

21

pinion

22

gear

23

Wind direction vane

24

ring generator

25

Support for lattice boom

26

Generator stator

27

Generator rotor

28

roll

WR

wind direction

KR

Kegelradrichtung

DR

direction of rotation

29

steel tube

30

helices

31

Vertikalarmierung

32

concrete core

33

stub axle the leaf wave

Description of the rotor system with generator mounted on the center column ( 1 / 2 / 3 and 5 )

The center column ( 1 ) consists of a commercially available steel tube ( 29 ) welded together to the required length, or joined together with welded flanges. For close-to-ground operation and small installations, it is sufficient to embed the steel pipe in a foundation and at a height of about 5 m upward, below the lower turntable ( 2A ) with obliquely downwards running steel cables and keep in vertical position. This variant is not shown in the drawing, because it comes only for smaller systems to bear.

Preferably, the rotor system is incorporated into a spire, wherein the center column ( 1 ) not as in 3 is held by a ring generator in the middle of the tower, but by struts which are attached to the tower feet and form the conclusion of the tower. Since the integration of the center column for the invention is of minor importance, this will not be explained in detail.

The center column receives immediately after the upper clamping its first turntable ( 2A ) the second turntable ( 2 B ) is slightly smaller in diameter and fits in the lattice mast ( 3 ) and at the same time forms the upper end of the center column.

Since the center column ( 1 ) made of a steel tube ( 29 ) is exposed to the upper embedding enormous buckling loads, is in the cavity of the tube ( 29 ) a reinforced concrete core, consisting of horizontally extending coils ( 30 ) (a structural steel bent into rings) and vertical straight structural steels ( 31 ) is bound to a basket which is inserted in the tube ( 29 ) and at a distance to the inner wall of the tube ( 29 ) is attached. Is the center column ( 1 ), the cavity is filled with concrete ( 32 ), whereby inside the tube ( 29 ) a reinforced concrete support is created, the central column ( 1 ) gives a very high load capacity.

The two lower parts of the slewing rings ( 2A and 2 B ) are fixed to the center column ( 1 ), the two upper parts are connected to the lattice mast ( 3 ), which is thus rotatable about the center column ( 1 ) is stored.

The square lattice mast ( 3 ) receives at its lower and upper end each four cantilevered lattice arms ( 4 ) screwed, which are at an angle of 90 ° to each other.

The length of the lattice arms ( 4 ) is chosen so that it is at least the width of a sheet ( 7 ) corresponds. To the lattice arms ( 4 ) are kept as light as possible, yet still stable, with steel cables ( 5A and 5B ) against the lattice mast ( 3 ) and its tip ( 6 ). The lower four arms ( 4 ) are centered with approximately 45 ° upwards leading steel cables ( 5A ) on the lattice mast ( 3 ) attached.

The upper four arms ( 4 ) receive their anchoring anchor at the outer end of the arms and are from there with steel cables ( 5B ) on a conical block ( 6 ) on the lattice mast ( 3 ) is placed in a horizontal position.

In the outer ends of the lower arms ( 4 ) is ever a warehouse ( 19 ), in which the leaf waves ( 8th ) with their lower stub axles ( 33 ) rotate. The upper stub axles ( 33 ) of leaf waves ( 8th ) lead through the camps ( 19 ), which are installed in the upper arms and extend beyond the bearings ( 19 ) so far that on each stub shaft ( 33 ) a bevel gear ( 17 ) is wedged and secured so that half the load of the sheet ( 7 ) through the arm ( 4 ) and the warehouse ( 19 ) will be carried. The other half of the blade load is from the lower arm ( 4 ) with his warehouse ( 19 ) accepted.

The generator is in this case below the lower turntable ( 2A ) to the center column ( 1 ) and is driven by a gear and a shaft with a pinion that is firmly keyed to the shaft. The power transmission from the rotor system via the lower turntable ( 2A ), whose movable upper part is equipped on its outside with a ring gear and transmits the power to the pinion. The generator is thus below the rotor system and does not need to be moved with this. The power transmission takes place directly at the center column downwards without guidance over moving parts.

This generator arrangement is in 1 only hinted at and not quantified, since it only comes into consideration for smaller plants.

Description of a sheet ( 1 / 6 / 7 and 11 )

The leaf ( 7 ) has the form of a thin flat plate, which in the middle of a vertical shaft ( 8th ) and their stub axles protrude on both sides of the sheet. The leaf area ( 12 ) is composed of several plates, which consist in the core of hard foam boards and coated on both sides with glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. The thickness and coating is chosen so that these sandwich elements can withstand the wind pressure over a length of approx. 5 m and so individual components can be manufactured that are easy to transport and are approximately 5 x 2.5 m in size. From these elements leaves of all sizes can be built and this happens as follows. At the leaf wave ( 8th ) U profiles (on both sides) 9B welded as in 7 can be seen, below and above is the same profile ( 9B ) at a 90 ° angle, creating a square open on one side. Assuming that the sheet is to be 15 m × 15 m in size, then each square will be replaced by the double U profiles ( 9A ) divided into three fields. 1 and 11 into the U profiles ( 9A ) and ( 9B ) with a length of 7.50 m, each three sandwich elements ( 12 ) and fixed by mounting foam in it, then the two squares through the profiles ( 9C ) are shot.

The profiles ( 9C ) are provided with a wedge approach to provide as little attack surface when running against the wind. To the leaf wave ( 8th ) are at the crossing points with the double U profiles ( 9A ) Support ( 10 ) grown on the once in the vertical direction and once in the horizontal direction steel cables ( 11A and 11B ), whereby the vertically tensioned cables ( 11A ) of the leaf wave ( 8th ) give their necessary carrying capacity. The horizontal tension ( 11B ) 6 and 7 takes place via two further supports ( 10 ) at the double U profiles ( 9A ) are attached and give them the necessary support. These tensions can cause waves ( 8th ) and U profiles ( 9A and 9C ) of the leaves are kept light and still achieve a high load capacity. Another way to build large leaf surfaces is to arrange several sheets on top of each other and this by intermediate arms between the lower and upper arms ( 4 ) on the extended lattice mast ( 3 ) are kept separate from each other. Only the stacked leaf waves are connected ( 8th ) so that a common blade adjustment takes place.

Description of the blade adjustment ( 1 / 2 and 8th )

The blade adjustment according to the invention via the shaft ( 13 ) with a beveled beveled wheel ( 14 ) 2 Detail A, the wave ( 13 ) is by warehouse ( 19 ) once on the center column ( 1 ) and once in the upper frame of the guy trestle ( 6 ) movably mounted. The wave ( 13 ) with the fixed bevel gear ( 14 ) is either from the wind vane ( 23 ) or the servomotor ( 20 ) of a gear (the on 2 as a pinion ( 21 ) and gear ( 22 ) is shown acting on the shaft, placed in the wind direction and held. The servomotor ( 20 ) is fixed to the center column ( 1 ) connected. Through the upper arms ( 4 ) and the lattice mast ( 3 ) runs per arm ( 4 ) a wave ( 18 ) by bearings ( 19 ) is rotatably mounted and on the inner end depending a bevel gear ( 15 ) of the same size as bevel gear ( 14 ) is keyed.

These four bevel gears ( 15 ) reach under the bevel gear ( 14 ) and by turning the lattice mast ( 3 ) with his arms ( 4 ) on the fixed bevel gear ( 14 ) turned to the left. The left turn is over the waves ( 18 ) on the bevel gears ( 16 and 17 ) and over the leaf wave ( 8th ) completed the blade adjustment 2 Detail B. By reducing the bevel gears ( 16 and 17 ) accomplish the leaves ( 7 ) only half a turn to the left while the rotor turns one full turn to the right. In 8th the mode of operation of the rotor system is shown at full power. Seen from the wind direction (WR), the left-hand leaf ( 7 ) with 90 ° full to the wind and gives its strength 100% to the lower and upper arm ( 4 ), while the arms ( 4 ) by 90 ° to the right, must at the leaves ( 7 ) a 45 ° turn to the left, this is done by the reduction of the bevel gears ( 16 and 17 ). The reduction is 1: 2 as mentioned before and causes the following: the back sheet ( 7 ) stands at 45 ° to the wind and pushes his arms to the right, the demanding sheet ( 7 ) stands in the opposite direction also at 45 ° to the wind and pushes the arms to the left, the right hand sheet ( 7 ) runs with 0 ° against the wind and causes only a small resistance. For example, with a propeller system with a rotor diameter of 114 m and a speed of 13 rpm, the blade tips must cut through the air at a speed of 280 km / h. 7 ) in their own slipstream and move slowly, noiselessly and without much centrifugal force around the center column ( 1 ), and convert almost all the power of the wind into energy. The blade position is set once during installation of the system to the position described above and then always remains so. The bevel gears are shown open in the drawings for clarity, but are installed in systems in housing and run in Öllbad.

Description of the rotor adjustment according to 9 and 10

In order not to put the generator in excessive speeds at high wind speeds or storm, it is necessary to operate the rotor with reduced power. This is done via the same adjusting motor ( 20 ) which adjusts the blades and is programmed to be controlled to reach the maximum load via the wind direction meter. When the maximum load is reached, the controller is switched from the wind direction gauge to the controller via the tachometer and then operated depending on the speed, until the maximum load is exceeded again and the switch takes place in reverse order.

The power reduction is achieved in that the servomotor the bevel gear ( 14 ) from his Basic position to the wind turns to the right, in 9 is the bevel gear ( 14 ) is shifted by 45 ° to the right and the position of the leaves is so to the wind, that the right opposite leaf ( 7 ) builds up a back pressure and thus reduces the force of the rotor. The adjustment can take place until the rotor comes to a standstill and this happens already after an adjustment of the bevel gear ( 14 ) by 90 ° like the 10 shows, while the wind forces probably hit the leaves, but lead to no more rotational movement.

The adjustment is controlled so that the power of the rotor adapts to the power demand of the generator and at high wind speeds, the rotor continues to run, because a resting position in a storm leads to the highest loads that must endure leaves, rotor and tower. The power reduction of the rotor is only possible with the servomotor ( 20 ) possible, not with a wind vane.

Description of a second embodiment ( 3 and 4 )

In this embodiment, a ring generator ( 24 ) is used so that it simultaneously assumes the function of the lower turntable. This means that the generator stator ( 26 ) is built horizontally on the last floor of the tower feet and struts and a circular path is milled into the stator and rotor part, in the balls ( 28 ) and the generator rotor ( 27 ) wear. The same can also be built with roller bearings. On the generator rotor ( 27 ) put your arms ( 4 ), which are reinforced at these bearing points and with obliquely upwardly extending supports ( 25 ) the lattice mast ( 3 ) wear. All other components are the same as those of the first embodiment. The version with a ring generator ( 24 ) is very advantageous for large plants, since the center column ( 1 ) is greatly relieved and an exact run of the generator rotor is guaranteed. For the horizontal construction of the ring generator ( 24 ) is the tower of under the file number 10 2005 014 025.4 registered is particularly good, because the foot position of the last floor to the size of the ring generator ( 24 ) can be adjusted.

Advantages of the described rotor system

With the solutions described Wind turbines can be created in high wind utilization and thus high performance are very light in their design, very develop little centrifugal force, have few moving parts and As a result, low maintenance and little prone to repair, the largest loads rest on the tower and do not need to be moved, very quiet run since there is no wind stop on the tower, no gondola need over the high loads have to be moved, simple blade and rotor adjustment via just one servomotor, simple Leaf construction, no leverage the leaves on turntables act because every leaf over the reed shaft and arms held twice, cost-effective too create and thereby work economically and with others fuels can withstand.

By the horizontal rotation and the blade assembly in a same Make height air currents at different heights barely noticeable and by the short adjustment can be the Set the system very quickly to the wind conditions.

Claims (12)

Rotor structure for wind turbines in horizontal operation and wind adjustable four blades, characterized by the combination of the following features: a) a lattice mast ( 3 ) is by a lower turntable ( 2A ) and a top turntable ( 2 B ) rotatable about the center column ( 1 ) stored; b) on the lattice mast ( 3 ) are below and above four arms ( 4 ) c) at the outer ends of the arms ( 4 ) are bearings ( 19 ), with which the shafts ( 8th ) are rotatably supported; d) on the waves ( 8th ) are U profiles are inserted into the coated foam boards and so the sheet ( 7 ) form; e) the leaves ( 7 ) are over waves ( 13 and 18 ) and bevel gears ( 14 / 15 / 16 and 17 ) put in the wind, or taken out of the wind in a storm. Rotor assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the center column ( 1 ) made of a steel tube ( 29 ), in which for reinforcing in the cavity of the tube a concrete core ( 32 ) with its reinforcement 30 and 31 is installed. Rotor structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the center column ( 1 ) a lower turntable ( 2A ) and an upper turntable ( 2 B ) and at the upper moving parts of the turntables preferably a lattice mast ( 3 ), which surrounds the center column ( 1 ) turns. Rotor structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the lattice mast ( 3 ) Lattice arms ( 4 ) are screwed at an angle of 90 °, four at the bottom and four at the top, and that at the outer ends of the upper arms ( 4 ) two bearings each ( 19 ), in which, on the one hand, the shaft ( 18 ) and second, the leaf wave ( 8th ) and the lower arms ( 4 ) only one warehouse ( 19 ) in which the leaf wave ( 8th ) is held down. Rotor structure according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that on the lattice mast ( 3 ) a conical goat ( 6 ), on the steel cables ( 5B ) are attached to the outer ends of the arms ( 4 ) and keep them in a horizontal position and that the lower four arms ( 4 ) have their anchorage halfway along the arms and with steel cables ( 5A ) at 45 ° on the lattice mast ( 3 ) are fastened in the same position. Rotor assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between each upper and lower arm ( 4 ) a rotatable blade ( 7 ), which consists of a shaft ( 8th ) on both sides U profiles ( 9A / 9B and 9C ), which form quadrilateral fields, into the hard foam panels coated on both sides with glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin ( 12 ) are inserted and the leaves ( 7 ) for better carrying capacity horizontally and vertically with steel cables ( 11A and 11B ) via supports ( 10 ) are braced. Rotor structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for leaf area enlargement the center column ( 3 ) and intermediate arms are installed around several sheets ( 7 ) to be arranged one above the other. Rotor assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjustment of the leaves ( 7 ) by a wind vane ( 23 ), which passes over the shaft ( 13 ) the bevel gear ( 14 ) always holds in the same position to the wind and on which the leaves ( 7 ) via the bevel gears ( 15 ) the wave ( 18 ) and the bevel gears ( 16 and 17 ) in the specified position to the wind. Rotor structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade adjustment via a fixed to the center column ( 1 ) connected servomotor ( 20 ) via the same system as in claim 7 without wind vane takes place and the servomotor ( 20 ) is controlled so that it leaves ( 7 ) adjusted to the maximum load of the generator on the wind direction (WR) and beyond speed-dependent leaves ( 7 ) takes to the force reduction from the wind, or in reverse order with decreasing wind. Rotor structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the center column ( 1 ) below the lower turntable ( 2A ) the generator is mounted and the force of the rotor via a sprocket at the top of the turntable ( 2A ) is transmitted to the generator. Rotor structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ring generator ( 24 ) forms the conclusion of the top floor of the tower and is designed so that it by its generator stator ( 26 ) - and the generator rotor part ( 27 ) with built-in storage ( 28 ) the lower turntable ( 2A ) replaced. Rotor assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower arms ( 4 ) on the generator rotor part ( 27 ) of the ring generator and by diagonal supports ( 25 ) the lattice mast ( 3 ) wear.