DE102005016193A1 - Preparing polymer molded part with porous structure, useful as e.g. package, comprises adding fluid active substance into polymer; subjecting the obtained dispersion to ultrasonics, and solidifying the dispersion under cooling/hardening - Google Patents

Abstract

Preparation of a polymer molded part exhibiting porous structure comprises selecting fluid additive from e.g. a group with polymer in liquid, active substances; adding fluid active substance into the polymer under the formation of a dispersion of polymer and fluid active substance; subjecting the dispersion of the polymer in liquid, plastified or dissolved condition and the fluid active substance with ultrasonics; and solidifying the dispersion to the polymer molded part under cooling or hardening the polymer with the contained fluid active substance. Preparation of a polymer molded part exhibiting porous structure, where the polymer is from at least a plastifiable, in particular thermoplastic and/or thermoelastic, elastic or duroplastic polymer or polymer system with at least one fluid additive, comprises selecting at least one fluid additive from a group with polymer in liquid, plastified or dissolved condition of immiscible or poorly miscible active substances, which are from the polymer molded part are retarded set freable; adding fluid active substance into the polymer under the formation of a dispersion of polymer and fluid active substance; subjecting the dispersion of the polymer in liquid, plastified or dissolved condition and the fluid active substance with ultrasonic is produced in such a manner that in the polymer cavitation vesicle and the fluid active substance at least partially dispersed into the polymer cavitation; and solidifying the dispersion to the polymer molded part under cooling or hardening the polymer with the contained fluid active substance. ACTIVITY : Dermatological. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.

Description

The The invention relates to a process for producing a porous structure comprising polymer molding of at least one plasticizable, in particular thermoplastic and / or thermoelastic, elastic or thermosetting polymer or polymer system with at least one fluid Additive. The invention further relates to a particular means made of such a process polymer molding with a porous Structure with at least one additive.

materials based on optionally with reinforcing fibers or fillers offset polymers, polymer blends, Polymer blends or polymer solutions, like aqueous systems with hydrocolloids / biopolymers, e.g. Proteins, polysaccharides etc., are increasingly gaining in technical importance. In many cases the polymers in these - at least in the plasticized state - soluble additives, such as plasticizers, antioxidants, pigments and dyes, stabilizers, etc., added to modify the properties of the polymers used or to the respective intended use.

Both in the production of polymer moldings from by means of thermoplastic processing methods, such as extrusion, extrusion, injection molding, etc., processable polymers and thermosetting or elastic casting resins, the use of ultrasound is known to the additives as homogeneously as possible in the plasticized or liquid polymer or to mix in to this curable resin systems or to influence the flow properties of the plasticized polymer in an advantageous manner. For example, describes the DE 100 24 762 A1 a method for pressure-promoting lubricious compositions, in particular plasticized polymers, wherein ultrasound energy is coupled into the lubricious composition and / or lubricant added thereto in order to reduce the pressure drop across the conveying path and to prevent near-surface defects in the molded body produced. WO 2004/024 415 A1 discloses a further method for improving the flow properties of plasticized polymers by ultrasonically applying the plasticized polymer in a plasticizing unit, such as an injection molding apparatus or an extruder. Furthermore, the use of ultrasound is known for uniformly distributing fine particles dispersed in a plasticized polymer and for preventing or dissolving agglomerations of the fine particles (WO 03/055 939 A1).

Of the Invention is based on the object, a polymer molding and a method for producing such a polymer molding with for polymer moldings propose novel additives, which the polymer moldings opens up new application areas.

• – Auswählen wenigstens eines fluiden Zusatzstoffes aus der Gruppe der mit dem Polymer im flüssigen, plastifizierten oder gelösten Zustand nicht oder nur schlecht mischbaren Wirkstoffe, welche aus dem Polymer-Formteil retardiert freisetzbar sind,
• – Zusetzen des fluiden Wirkstoffes in das Polymer unter Bildung einer Dispersion aus Polymer und fluidem Wirkstoff;
• – Beaufschlagen der Dispersion aus dem Polymer im flüssigen, plastifizierten oder gelösten Zustand und dem fluidem Wirkstoff mit Ultraschall derart, daß in dem Polymer Kavitationsbläschen erzeugt werden und der fluide Wirkstoff zumindest teilweise in diese eindispergiert wird; und
• – Erstarren der Dispersion zu dem Polymer-Formteil unter Abkühlen oder Aushärten des Polymers mit dem in diesem enthaltenen fluiden Wirkstoff.

In procedural terms, this object is achieved according to the invention with a method of the type mentioned, which is characterized by the following steps:

• Selecting at least one fluid additive from the group of active substances which are not or only poorly miscible with the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved state and which are releasable from the polymer molding,
• Adding the fluid agent to the polymer to form a dispersion of polymer and fluid agent;
• - Applying the dispersion of the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved state and the fluid agent with ultrasound such that in the polymer cavitation bubbles are produced and the fluid agent is at least partially dispersed into this; and
• Solidification of the dispersion to the polymer molding with cooling or curing of the polymer with the fluid agent contained therein.

to solution the above object, the invention further provides for a particular produced by such a process polymer molding with a polymer matrix of at least one plasticizable, in particular thermoplastic and / or thermoelastic, elastic or thermosetting polymer having a porous structure and having at least an additive that in the pores of the polymer molding at least one fluid agent is present, which releases releasable from the polymer molding is.

The invention is based on the surprising finding that not or only poorly miscible with the respectively used polymer (system), polymer blend or polymer mixture or polymer solution in the liquid or plasticized state, fluid active ingredients by the use of ultrasound not only in substantially homogeneously and in relatively large amounts into the plasticized polymer einispergieren, but they also accumulate in the cavities or pores formed as a result of cavitation, so that they over a longer period of time from the finished polymer molding, for example by diffusion , Permeation or migration, released in a sustained release. As a result of the ultrasound induced cavitation porous cavity structure nuren in the nano and / or micro range, for example, from about 1 nm to about 1000 microns, in which the fluid agent, which in principle should have a lower viscosity than that of the respective polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved state , penetrates and fills them and from which the active ingredient can then escape over a longer period of time retarded. In this way, it is possible to produce polymer moldings of virtually any structure with active ingredients explained below in more detail for various fields of application. The fact that the active ingredients do not dissolve or only slightly in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved polymer, they are in the finished polymer molding in the form of a releasable from the polymer molding releasable disperse phase, while the polymer matrix of the molding the continuous phase forms.

With "at least one Polymer or polymer system "im The meaning of the invention are, moreover, in each case pure or copolymers, polymer blends, polymer blends or polymer solutions and - in particular in the case of use of thermosetting thermosetting and / or elastic polymers - too corresponding precursors or precursors of possible polymers in the form of Mono-, di- and / or oligomers including liquid or viscous resins addressed. Of course can that Polymer (system) of the polymer matrix of the molding - in addition to the inventively provided fluid agent - ever according to application further, also dissolved in the polymer matrix additives and / or particulate or fibrous Filling or reinforcing materials be added as it is known per se, e.g. conventional inorganic additives, such as calcium carbonates, dolomites, gypsum, silicates and silicas, glasses, Glass fibers (e.g., borosilicate fibers), carbon fibers, calcium sulfate hemihydrate fibers, Natural fibers, kaolin, mica, talc, aluminum hydroxides (clays), Clay minerals etc.

The used fluid agents can in the finished molding in liquid, viscous or gel-like or gaseous form and in the former cases easily volatile, so that you spontaneously over a longer one Evaporate or evaporate over time, or even be volatile, so that you only from a predetermined temperature and / or from a predetermined Controlled under pressure controlled from the polymer molding are releasable. Similarly it goes without saying possible, the active ingredients used in a liquid, viscous or gelatinous or gaseous carrier fluid solved, gel-like emulsified or suspended so that they are mixed with the carrier fluid from the polymer molding releasably released. It is this It should be noted that "with the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved state non-miscible or poorly miscible fluid agents "also such material systems addressed, in which the actual active ingredient in such, with the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition is not or poorly miscible carrier fluid is introduced and there in at least partially dissolved, emulsified or suspended state.

By "ultrasound" within the meaning of the invention, sound waves having a frequency above the human audible range, ie above about 16 kHz, are meant up to the range of hypersonic sound, ie above about 10 ⁹ Hz.

In Advantageous embodiment may be provided that the fluid Active substance in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Conditioned polymer or in at least one such component of the Polymer system is added. For example, in the case of Use of hardening, thermosetting or elastic polymer systems of the active ingredient in the - still liquid, So not yet cured - already Completely mixed polymer components are added, or the active ingredient is only one such polymer component or both or more such polymer components added separately, whereupon the Polymer components are brought together and the ultrasonic treatment is carried out. Likewise, the ultrasound treatment can only with a polymer component, to which the fluid agent has been added, performed and subsequently the remaining polymer component (s) admixed and the polymer system hardened become. On the other hand, it is for example in the case of use of course also plasticizable, thermoplastic or elastic polymers conceivable that the fluid active substance to the still solid, e.g. powdery or granular, Added polymer (system) and then the polymer (system) of the thus obtained dispersion is converted to the plastic state and the ultrasound treatment is performed. The addition of the fluid Active ingredient may in the latter case, e.g. in a separate Mixing device, such as a tumble mixer, or in the inlet zone done by an extruder.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention it is provided that the dispersion of the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved state and the fluid agent at a pressure of at most about 20 bar, in particular of at most about 15 bar, is subjected to ultrasound, since at pressures above the mentioned ranges, the effects of cavitation due to ultrasound, ie the formation of cavitation bubbles, decrease rapidly. Particularly preferred pressure ranges are usually even lower, in particular at most about 10 bar, preferably at not more than about 5 bar and most preferably at most about 2 bar, wherein in many cases pressures of at most about 1 bar, for example from about 10 mbar to about 1 bar, have proven to be advantageous. Of course, depending on the application, it is also possible to adjust higher pressures, for example, in the case of a deliberately low amount of fluid active ingredient of the polymer molding or in the case of a coupling of a correspondingly higher ultrasonic energy, even at higher pressures for sufficient generation of cavitation bubbles in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved polymer matrix provides.

While that inventive method in principle also can be carried out batchwise, e.g. by Coupling of ultrasound in a suitable mold, in a Press, mixing device, an autoclave or the like, in which (s) the polymer premixed with the fluid agent in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition (or even only the polymer, which then in the mold itself with the fluid active substance is applied) has been introduced is, provides a preferred embodiment, that the Polymer in a plasticizing unit, in particular in the form of a Extruder, the fluid agent added and the dispersion the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition and the fluid agent in the area he outlet nozzle of the extruder is applied with ultrasound. In the case of use plastifizierbarer Polymer (system) e can these are simultaneously plasticized in the plasticizing unit. In this case, the addition of the fluid agent in a remote from the extruder die Area happen so that one certain predispersion of the active ingredient in the plasticized polymer while the promotion, e.g. by means of one or more extruder screws, in the direction the nozzle ensured is. In any case, the coupling of ultrasound then takes place preferably in the region of the nozzle, e.g. in an upstream of the nozzle arranged flow cell, which with one or more, ultrasound emitting sonotrodes Is provided. It may be particularly advantageous if the dispersion from the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition and the fluid agent when exposed to ultrasound is conveyed through an area of the extruder with extended cross-section, so that in Range of coupling of ultrasound both the pressure in the Polymer matrix as well as the pressure occurring there as a result of the promotion or normal stresses as possible be kept low. This allows the number of cavitation bubbles as well the energy released upon collapse of the same is increased. Further it is e.g. conceivable, such a plasticizing unit or a such an extruder an injection molding unit nachordnen, in which the polymer solidifies, so cooled (im Case of thermoplastics / thermal loads) or hardened (im Case of thermosets / elastomers).

Of Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the polymer in the still liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition, in particular after (or downstream) of the admission with Ultrasound, at least partially degassed, if necessary present in the polymer and due to the ultrasonic treatment no longer solved Gases resulting in cavities and cracking in the finished molded part can lead to remove. The degassing can be done by in the wall and / or in a Conveyor, like an extruder screw, the plasticizing provided valves, openings, porous Stakes, like Sintered metal inserts, or the like happened. Alternatively or additionally, depending on the application also before (or upstream) of the ultrasonic treatment degassing carried out become. As further below explains However, depending on the application, it can also be particularly favorable, by non-degassing or even gaseous feed Media the formation of cavitation bubbles to produce a finely dispersed Phase support or for a targeted bubble formation for the production of polymer foams to care. In any case, if degassing is carried out, take care be borne, that the fluid drug does not significantly escape, which is e.g. by adjustment corresponding pressures can happen. For gaseous and / or volatile active substances It may also be advisable to abstain from degassing altogether.

In furthermore preferred embodiment can be provided that the Polymer or at least one component of the polymer system - in addition to the fluid agent - at least an additive is added, preferably one in the polymer in the plasticized, liquid or dissolved Condition at least partially soluble Added additive and the latter in the polymer at least partially is resolved to to influence the properties of the polymer matrix in an advantageous manner.

In In this context, it may be appropriate to use a during the Exposure to ultrasound conditions gaseous or in the gaseous Condition convertible additive add so that at the coupling of ultrasound is favored the formation of cavitation bubbles or the energy released during the collapse of the cavitation bubbles can be controlled, wherein the generated Kavitationsbläschen turn at least partially filled by the fluid agent can.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be advantageous to control the surface tension of the polymer at least during the exposure to Ul to modify the ultrasound-modifying, particularly reducing additive, such as surface-active substances, for example surfactants or the like, in order to maintain the disperse phase of the fluid substances as finely dispersed as possible in the continuous phase of the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved state and to ensure that the Counteract cavitation bubbles.

Furthermore, further additives may be added, for example those which are capable of modifying, in particular reducing, the vapor pressure of the polymer present in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved state at least in the conditions prevailing during the application of ultrasound, which is particularly advantageous may be used if to thermosets or elastomers crosslinking, low-boiling mono-, di-, or oligomers or biopolymers present in, for example, aqueous solutions. Accordingly, the use of such additives capable of modifying the vapor pressure of the fluid agent may be desirable, particularly when the vapor pressure of the fluid agents is to be reduced or increased, for example, to vary the sustained release period thereof, and / or
Moreover, it may alternatively or additionally be advantageous that an additive, for example lubricant or the like, which modifies the viscosity of the polymer, at least in the conditions prevailing during the application of ultrasound, is added, for example in order to promote the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved state in the direction of an extruder nozzle required to keep pressure as low as possible during the coupling of ultrasound.

The frequency or the amplitude of the ultrasound used depends as well as the temperature, for example up to about 400 ° C, and the pressure in the ultrasonic coupling primarily after the respective material system of polymer (or polymer blend, polymer mixture, polymer solution, etc.) and fluid agent (or fluid agents). The same applies to the power of the ultrasound, wherein it is expedient in many cases that ultrasound with an output of 0.1 to 1000 W / cm ² , in particular from 1 to 500 W / cm ² , is used.

Around due to cavitation during the coupling of ultrasound generated porous micro or nanostructure with the fluid agent contained therein in the finished polymer molding maintain or "freeze" and a confluence of the cavitation bubbles preferably To prevent, especially if the use at least a meltable or plasticizable, thermoplastic or thermoelastic Polymers is intended to be provided in a preferred embodiment that the plasticized polymer with the fluid agent after exposure to ultrasound, e.g. immediately after removal from the plasticizing unit, with a Medium with one opposite Air higher Heat capacity under Formation of the polymer molding chilled becomes. It should be noted at this point that e.g. in the Case of using an extruder or an extruder generated and cooled Strand also granulated and the granules are processed can, where with "polymer molding" in the context of the invention also such granules as semi-finished or endless strands, e.g. in the form of profiles or even thin fibers, such as filament yarns and other polymeric fibers.

to fast cooling of the still in the plastic state located - thermoplastic / thermoelastic - polymer molding For example, it may be provided that the plasticized polymer with the fluid agent after application from the plasticizing unit cooled in a water bath becomes.

Becomes but at least one hardening or crosslinkable, thermosetting or elastic polymer used, so may be provided for the same purpose that the still liquid or viscous polymer with the fluid agent - preferably immediately - after the Curing with ultrasound is cured. For initiation or acceleration of curing of the polymer, this can be irradiated in particular, each after the polymer expediently electromagnetic Radiation, in particular in the infrared range (IR), in the ultraviolet range (UV) and / or in the microwave range (MW), optionally also e.g. in the X-ray region (γ-radiation), or particle radiation, in particular electron radiation (β-radiation), optionally also e.g. Ion radiation, such as α-radiation, are used can.

The Invention offers a variety of applications with retarded releasable, fluid agents added polymer moldings.

Thus, the fluid active ingredient can be selected, for example, from the group of medical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic active ingredients, wherein in particular the inventive incorporation of such substances in fibers is possible, which then in textiles from or with such polymer threads, such as woven, knitted, knitted, scrim, Nonwovens or the like, in the form of garments or bandages or dressings, pads, compresses, patches, tapes, masks, etc. can be incorporated. Here are, for example, anti-allergic and / or anti-asthmatic antihistamines, in particular H1 antihistamines, or other drugs agents, such as antibiotics, bacteriostatic, fungistatic and / or virostatic agents, disinfectants or antiseptics and diagnostics on natural and / or synthetic basis as active ingredients into consideration. For example, it is possible to impart disinfectant and / or moisturizing properties to wound dressings (so that freshly formed tissue is not damaged by, for example, not adhering the wound dressing to the open wound and / or avoiding bedsores or bacterial or fungal diseases). Another important application of such medicinal, pharmaceutical and therapeutic agents is, for example, in the field of for the treatment of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, active and / or antipruritic and / or anti-inflammatory agents. Further, for example, sweat-reducing agents may be of interest, which can be dispersed not only in textiles, but also in porous polymer moldings in the form of deposits, eg insoles for shoes. Examples of antiperspirant actives provide for example, clotrimazole (trade name Canesten ^®) in liquid or gel form, natural and synthetic tanning agents (eg Tannolact ^®), botulinum toxin A, and aluminum salts (such as aluminum chloride, AlCl ₃₎ in aqueous solution. As a disinfecting agent and Antiseptics for use in open wounds, such as burn injuries, come as fluid agents such as chlorhexidine, PVP-iodine, silver (Ag) or silver compounds in dissolved or suspended form and the like into consideration. As humectants and / or agents for preventing adhesion / friction between the overlay and skin (eg eczema, which are often due to excess sebum production), for example, fluid silicones, silicone oils and other oils or waxes, cortisone and its derivatives, such as hydrocortisones (for example, hydrocortisone acetate, Fenistil ^®), Bamipinlactat (Soventol ^®), Dimetindenmaleat (Systral ^®), urea solutions etc. are provided. In particular, bacteriostatic, fungistatic and / or virostatic agents (also, for example, for dressings, plasters, garments, bedding, etc.) include, inter alia, clotrimazole, salicylic acid, dithranol and anthralin, Furmarsäureester, (eg also for the treatment of psoriasis), ethracridine, hexamidine , Miconazole, polyvidone-iodine, selenium (IV) sulfide, uric acid / urea, Tolfnaftat (the latter also eg also for the treatment of psoriasis) into consideration. Further, for example, also analgesic fluid agents, such as local anesthetics, polidocanol, zinc oxide or white clay, and local antiseptics, such as ethacridine, and any other active ingredients (eg with additional cooling effect, such as talc, silica, magnesium-aluminum silicate, etc.) are conceivable.

In any case can medical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic agents as well in polymer moldings in the form of tablets, pills, suppositories, dimensionally stable gels or the like of biocompatible and preferably biodegradable polymers are incorporated in human or animal body over one longer period delayed release.

Of the Fluid active ingredient can be used for a use in cosmetics or Wellness area alternatively or additionally from the group of the smell materials and flavors including Cosmetics chosen in turn, the polymer molding in this case substantially fibrous or formed textile-like or formed in the form of films can be. Further are - too for the medical field - e.g. drugs for activating or deactivating skin pigmentation, e.g. Dihydroxyacetone (promotion the skin pigmentation) or hydroquinone (bleaching or depigmentation), conceivable.

Furthermore For example, the active substance in the group of pesticides, such as herbicides, Fungicides and insecticides chosen be so that due the delayed release of the drug has a biocidal effect of the polymer molding over a longer period is given away. Offer polymer moldings with such agents Especially in the form of packaging, such as films and packaging containers, for hygienic questionable goods, like Foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medical or therapeutic apparatus and the like, which are to be kept sterile, or for foil-like or other items for plant protection. As for the food sector and the medical / pharmaceutical As far as the field is concerned, the corresponding for active substances in the form of disinfectants and / or preservatives and / or antioxidants.

Further examples of fluid agents are pheromones, insect repellents, including moth-feeding agents, game-biting inhibitors, and the like, which in turn may be used in fibrous or textile shaped polymer moldings or in any other fashioned polymer moldings, eg, pheromone traps. Likewise, for example, fluid agents in the form of insect repellents against mosquitoes, brakes, wasps, bees, ants, fleas, lice, ticks, mites (eg, scratch mites) and the like in particular in polymer moldings in the form of neck, arm or foot bands for Incorporate people and animals (eg dog collars). As examples of possible insect repellents are at this point N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide, dimethyl phthalate, Butylaminopropionsäureethylester, 2-Ethylhexandiol- (1,3), diethyltoluamide, lindane and natural products in fluid form, in particular essential oils, such as anis, bergamot -, geranium, pine, clove, thyme, peppermint, lemon, cedar oils, camphor, etc., pyrethrum and the like mentioned. Of course, such agents are also suitable for example for polymer moldings in the form of polymer fibers and textiles containing such.

The fluid agents can further selected from the group of flame retardants, wherein the polymer molding in this case, a structural component for installation in buildings, vehicles, Airplanes etc. can be. In this case, the fluid should be active or the respective flame retardant be relatively difficult to flee, so that it controlled only at a certain, predetermined temperature is released.

The fluid agents can further selected from the group of film-forming agents or lubricants (e.g. Water or aqueous solutions, silicone oils and other oils), so that you for the reduction of the adhesion, the sliding or rolling friction of a inventive polymer molding on the surface of a in contact with this object in contact. As already addressed, offer themselves as offset with such fluid agents Polymer molded parts turn for Polymer fibers or for such containing textiles, e.g. in the form of wound dressings, bandages, etc., optionally in combination with other medical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic agents, such as healing or disinfecting Active ingredients - which in the case of a change of the association, the underlying, diseased or injured skin area do not hurt and are easily removable from this and do not scrub or scratching (e.g., in hives, eczema, diabetes, kidney disease, etc.). This means that such Active ingredients either reduce friction or reduce slippage (This results in a reduced mechanical friction on the Skin) and / or prevent the drying of the skin (this results there is a reduced risk for Fungal and bacterial diseases). Furthermore, such fluids are available Active ingredients for Film-like polymer moldings in the form of disposable articles, as appropriate sterile gloves, condoms or the like, on the one hand for a easy gluing with reduced adhesion and care and on the other skin irritation for a longer time physical contact to prevent. Finally, such fluid agents also for constructive components, such as bearing elements, be beneficial.

The Invention gives the opportunity that at least a polymer (system) from the group of synthetic polymers, Polymer blends, polymer blends and / or polymer solutions of such polymers, the natural one Polymers, polymer blends, polymer blends and / or polymer solutions such Polymers or polymer blends, polymer blends and / or synthetic polymer solutions and natural Polymer is selected. As examples possible Polymers are exemplified by technical or synthetic polymers, such as polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polyesters, Polyamides (PA), polyurethanes (PU), polycarbonates, polystyrene (PS), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile etc., as well as natural, optionally modified polymers or biopolymers, such as proteins (e.g. Gelatin), polysaccharides, pectin, starch, cellulose, cellulose esters ethers, lignin, etc. In particular for the production of fibrous For example, polymers are also suitable for polymer moldings. as used in fully synthetic chemical fibers (e.g. according to DIN 60001-3 and 4), as well as bicomponent, multicomponent, elastofibres and in epitrope fibers. Of course, polymers can also be used which - in addition to the respective fluid agent - even in the manner of an active ingredient act, e.g. bioactive or biocidal biopolymers, such as chitosan or its derivatives, in particular cationically modified chitosans, Polymers from hyaronic acids or their derivatives, dextrins, heparins, certain proteins, certain Pectins, polydimethylsiloxanes and its derivatives, in particular their quaternary Ammonium and / or phosphinium compounds, etc.

below the invention with reference to embodiments with reference closer to the drawing explained. Showing:

1 to 4 in each case a schematic sectional view of various embodiments of a flow cell equipped with a device for generating ultrasound of a plasticizing unit.

In the 1 schematically illustrated flow cell 1 an otherwise unspecified reproduced Plastifizierein unit, for example in the form of a screw or piston extruder is immediately upstream of an extruder die 2 at the end portion 3 of the extruder arranged, for example, flanged to this. The extruder nozzle 2 can be opposite the end section 3 be arranged rotatably of the extruder to the extending in the present embodiment, substantially perpendicular to the conveying direction in the extruder outlet opening of the extruder die 2 to be able to pivot. The nozzle 2 may also have a variable cross-section to the pressure in the flow cell 1 for the reasons mentioned above, it should always be kept below about 20 bar, in particular below about 15 bar. This can be done for example by means of suitable apertures, perforated disks or the like with variable diameter and / or variable length in the flow direction, which in the outlet opening of the nozzle 2 can be used. In the ex The driver can be a conventional, with the flow cell 1 retrofitted extruder act. In a further upstream of the flow cell 1 arranged region of the extruder, this is equipped with a feed device (not shown) for dispersing a fluid agent.

In the flow cell 1 is in the present embodiment, approximately parallel to the conveying direction in the extruder into the cell 1 in extending sonotrode 4 arranged, which serves to generate ultrasonic vibrations. In the flow cell 1 Preferably, sensors (not shown) are also arranged to control various process parameters such as pressure, temperature, electrical and / or thermal conductivity, viscosity and / or molecular weight of the liquid, plasticized or dissolved polymer, as well as power, wavelength, amplitude, sound velocity and / or damping of the sonotrode 4 - Or a Meßsonotrode (not shown) - to be able to detect emitted ultrasound. The sonotrode 4 itself is according to the embodiment 1 formed substantially circular cylindrical, wherein the total cross section of the between the sonotrode 4 and the wall of the flow cell 1 formed annulus is slightly larger than the cross section of the end portion 3 of the extruder, for a contrast reduced pressure in the sonicatable flow cell 1 which in turn is favorable for the formation of cavitation bubbles in a polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved state. In the transition region of the end section 3 and the flow cell 1 can additionally a cross-sectional constriction 5 be provided.

This in 2 reproduced embodiment of a flow cell 1 differs from the according to 1 primarily by the fact that the sonotrode 4 is equipped at its front with a tapered, for example, approximately conical projection, which extends through the dotted line 6 is indicated. In this way, a more continuous transition between the end portion results 3 of the extruder and the flow cell 1 , which for reducing normal and compressive stresses in a through the flow cell 1 fluid, plasticized or dissolved polymer conveyed through it, in order to promote the formation of cavitation bubbles and their intensity during collapse.

The same applies to the in 3 shown embodiment, where there is the flow cell 1 annular open, so that the liquid, plasticized or dissolved polymer over the entire circumference of the sonotrode 4 from the flow cell 1 exit. Such a configuration may make it possible to control the pressure in the flow cell 1 to lower even further.

This in 4 illustrated embodiment of a flow cell 1 differs from the according to 3 in particular in that the frontal extension 6 the sonotrode 4 with an even better to the continuously expanding cross section of the transition between the end portion 3 of the extruder and flow cell 1 adapted outer contour is equipped to the compressive and normal stresses in the funded and by means of the sonotrode 4 To keep as low as possible with liquid, plasticized or dissolved polymer subjected to ultrasound and if necessary also to induce tensile stresses in the plastic material. A corresponding form of sonotrode 4 is of course also with a closed housing, as it is in 1 and 2 is shown schematically, conceivable.

Embodiment 1

By means of an extruder, such as a screw extruder, with an example according to 1 to 4 designed flow cell 1 For example, a polymer molding having a porous structure and having a fluid active substance in the form of a neem tree extract, which inhibits the growth of pests, in particular mites, is produced. For this purpose, for example, a granular thermoplastic polymer is added to the extruder and transferred there to the plastic state. In a region of the extruder in which the polymer has already been plasticized, the neem tree extract, which is very poorly miscible with the polymer, is added and dispersed into the polymer melt. The dispersion is made by rotating the extruder screw through the flow cell 1 conveyed through and there eg at a temperature of about 200 ° C and a pressure of about 1 bar or less by means of the sonotrode 4 subjected to ultrasound. In this case, cavitation bubbles are produced in the plastifi ed polymer, so that finely divided micropores are formed in which enriches the Neem tree extract. In addition, a preferably soluble in the plasticizer additive may be added, which in particular in the flow cell 1 prevailing conditions in gaseous form and in turn contributes to the formation of Kavitationsbläschen. The microporous plasticate with the finely dispersed neem tree extract is then passed through the extruder die 2 discharged and cooled by passing through a water bath substantially fast to the polymer molding. The neem tree extract present in the micropores is released from the porous structure of the polymer molding over a relatively long period of time. The polymer molding can be formed, for example, in the form of a polymeric thread, such as an endless thread, for incorporation into textiles or as a three-dimensional molded part.

• (a) Übermäßiges Schwitzen kann die Bildung verschiedener Hauterkrankungen, wie Pilzinfektionen oder Ekzemen, begünstigen, was insbesondere für Diabetiker und bettlägerige Patienten gilt. Ein Zusatz retardiert freisetzbarer fluider Wirkstoffe in Form von Clotrimazol zur Behandlung von Pilzinfektionen sowie – gegebenenfalls zusätzlich – synthetischen Gerbstoffen zur Prophylaxe ist in diesem Fall sinnvoll. Um einer übermäßigen Schweißbildung (z.B. an den Füßen, Achselhöhlen, im Rückenbereich etc.) entgegenzuwirken, können solche Wirkstoffe enthaltende Polymer-Formteile in Form von Fasern oder Textilien aus bzw. mit solchen Fasern, z.B. Gewebe, für Kleidungsstücke, z.B. Socken, für antihidrotische Therapien eingesetzt werden. Alternative oder zusätzliche Wirkstoffe bieten sich an in Form von Duftstoffen zur Überdeckung des als unangenehm empfundenen Schweißgeruches, in Form von desinfizierenden Mitteln, z.B. Hexachlorophen, zur Hemmung der bakteriellen Zersetzung des Schweißes und/oder in Form von Mitteln zur Verminderung der Schweißsekretion, sogenannten Adstringentien, wie neutral reagierenden Aluminiumsalzen und den vorstehend genannten Gerbstoffen.
• (b) Aufgrund mechanischer Belastung unterliegt die Haut von bettlägerigen Patienten einer starken Beanspruchung, was zur Bildung schlecht heilender Wunden (Dekubitus), insbesondere an Auflagebereichen des Körpers, wie am Steißbein, den Ellbogen, Fersen usw., führen kann. Zur Druckentlastung können Polymer-Formteile in Form von Polymerfäden von Polstern, textilen Kunstfellunterlagen und dergleichen dienen, welche mit retardiert freisetzbaren fluiden Wirkstoffen in Form von durchblutungsfördernden Mitteln, z.B. Campher, Menthol, Arnikaextrakt etc., in Form von Vitaminen bzw. Vitaminlösungen oder -suspensionen, z.B. Lebertran, zum Schutz und zur Pflege der Haut oder in Form von Mitteln, welche ein Aufweichen der Haut verhindern und Feuchtigkeit absorbieren, z.B. Zinkoxid, Silikonverbindungen, wie Polydimethylsiloxan etc., versetzt sind.
• (c) Zur Abdeckung und zum mechanischen Schutz von Wunden, insbesondere Brandwunden, können Polymer-Formteile in Form von Polymerfäden von Textilien, z.B. Geweben in Form von Binden, Kompressen, Verbänden und dergleichen, mit retardiert freisetzbaren fluiden Wirkstoffen in Form von Antiseptika, z.B. PVP-Jod, Chlorhexidin etc., oder auch in Form von Lokalanästhetika und Antibiotika versetzt sein.
• (d) Im Falle von vornehmlich durch bestimmte, individuell schlecht verträgliche Nahrungs- oder Pflegemittel, Insektenstiche, übermäßige Kälte oder Wärme oder auch mechanischen Druck ausgelöster Nesselsucht können Polymer-Formteile in Form von Polymerfäden von Textilien, z.B. von Geweben in Form von Binden, Kompressen, Verbänden und dergleichen, mit retardiert freisetzbaren fluiden Wirkstoffen in Form von H1-Antihistaminika (wie solche auf der Basis von Dimetinden, Bamipin, Corticoiden etc.), gegebenenfalls in Verbindung mit Silikonen, Ölen, Wachsen, Talkum, Zinkoxid (zur Verminderung der Reibung an der Haut, zur Verhinderung des Austrocknens der Haut und/oder zur Kühlung) versetzt sein, um mit Nesselsucht befallene Hautpartien abzudecken.
• (e) Im Falle von Ekzemen können je nach Ekzemtyp Polymer-Formteile in Form von Polymerfäden von Textilien, z.B. von Geweben in Form von Binden, Kompressen, Verbänden und dergleichen, mit retardiert freisetzbaren fluiden Wirkstoffen in Form von Corticoiden (insbesondere bei Kontaktekzemen), in Form von Nachtkerzensamenöl, Antiseptika, Vitamin D, Lokalanästhetika und ebenfalls Corticoiden (insbesondere bei Neurodermitis), oder in Form von fungiziden und antimikrobiell wirksamen Mitteln und ebenfalls Corticoiden (insbesondere bei Seborrhoischem Ekzem) versetzt sein, um mit den jeweiligen Ekzemen befallene Hautpartien abzudecken.
• (f) Juckreiz (Antipruriginosa) stellt ein Begleitsymptom einer Vielzahl an Haut- und Allgemeinerkrankungen dar, insbesondere auch bei Diabetikern, Leber- und Dialysepatienten, und kann ferner durch Medikamente oder indi viduell schlecht verträgliche Nahrungs- und Pflegemittel hervorgerufen werden. Zur Abdeckung und zum Schutz betroffener Hautpartien bieten sich unter anderem Polymer-Formteile in Form von Polymerfäden von Textilien, z.B. von Geweben in Form von Binden, Kompressen, Verbänden und dergleichen, mit retardiert freisetzbaren fluiden Wirkstoffen in Form von H1-Antihistaminika (beispielsweise solche auf der Basis von Bamipin), Corticoiden, Lokalanästhetika (z.B. Polidocanol, Lidocain etc.) und dergleichen an.

Below are examples of other active ingredients in connection with their applications listed, which can be incorporated in a corresponding manner in polymer moldings in order to be released from these retarded:

• (a) Excessive sweating may favor the formation of various skin diseases, such as fungal infections or eczema, which is especially true for diabetics and bedridden patients. An addition of retarded releasable fluid agents in the form of clotrimazole for the treatment of fungal infections and - optionally additionally - synthetic tanning agents for prophylaxis is useful in this case. In order to counteract excessive sweating (eg on the feet, armpits, back, etc.), polymer moldings containing such active ingredients in the form of fibers or textiles from or with such fibers, eg tissue, for garments, eg socks, for antiperspirant Therapies are used. Alternative or additional active ingredients lend themselves in the form of fragrances to cover the unpleasant smell of sweat, in the form of disinfectants, eg hexachlorophene, to inhibit the bacterial decomposition of perspiration and / or in the form of agents for reducing sweat secretion, so-called astringents, such as neutral reacting aluminum salts and the aforementioned tanning agents.
• (b) Due to mechanical stress, the skin of bedridden patients is subject to heavy use, which can lead to the formation of poorly healing wounds (pressure ulcers), especially on supporting areas of the body, such as the coccyx, elbows, heels, etc. To relieve pressure, polymer moldings in the form of polymer threads of upholstery, textile faux fur underlays and the like can be used, which with releasable releasable fluid agents in the form of circulation-promoting agents, such as camphor, menthol, arnica extract, etc., in the form of vitamins or vitamin solutions or suspensions For example, cod liver oil, for the protection and care of the skin or in the form of agents which prevent softening of the skin and absorb moisture, such as zinc oxide, silicone compounds such as polydimethylsiloxane, etc., are added.
• (C) For covering and mechanical protection of wounds, in particular burns, polymer moldings in the form of polymer threads of textiles, such as tissues in the form of sanitary napkins, compresses, dressings and the like, with retarded releasable fluid agents in the form of antiseptics, eg PVP-iodine, chlorhexidine etc., or else in the form of local anesthetics and antibiotics.
• (d) In the case of hives mainly caused by certain, individually poorly tolerated food or care products, insect bites, excessive cold or heat or mechanical pressure polymer moldings in the form of polymer threads of textiles, such as tissues in the form of bandages, compresses , Dressings and the like, with sustained releasable fluid agents in the form of H1-antihistamines (such as those based on dimetinden, bamipin, corticoids, etc.), optionally in combination with silicones, oils, waxes, talc, zinc oxide (to reduce friction on the skin, to prevent the skin from drying out and / or to cool it), in order to cover skin areas affected by hives.
• (e) In the case of eczema, depending on the type of eczema polymer moldings in the form of polymer threads of textiles, such as tissues in the form of bandages, compresses, dressings and the like, with retarded releasable fluid agents in the form of corticosteroids (especially in contact dermatitis), in the form of evening primrose oil, antiseptics, vitamin D, local anesthetics and also corticosteroids (especially in atopic dermatitis), or in the form of fungicidal and antimicrobial agents and also corticoids (in particular in seborrheic dermatitis) to be covered with skin affected by the respective eczema.
• (f) itching (antipruriticosa) is a concomitant symptom of a variety of skin and general disorders, especially in diabetics, liver and dialysis patients, and may also be caused by drugs or indi vidually poorly tolerated food and care products. To cover and protect affected areas of the skin are, inter alia, polymer moldings in the form of polymer threads of textiles, for example of tissues in the form of sanitary napkins, compresses, dressings and the like, with release-releasable fluid agents in the form of H1-antihistamines (for example, those the base of bamipin), corticoids, local anesthetics (eg, polidocanol, lidocaine, etc.) and the like.

Embodiment 2

For the production of polymer moldings in the form of tablets, a plastifiable, physiologically compatible and, for example, biodegradable polymer is used. Here, in the plasticized polymer, for example gelatin, protein or the like, a fluid pharmaceutical active ingredient is dispersed, which is releasable from the polymer releasable. The dispersion is carried out according to Example 1 by means of ultrasound, so that cavitation bubbles are produced in the plasticized polymer and the pharmaceutical agent after collapsing the bubbles in the remaining cavities is recorded. The polymer thus added with the fluid substance can optionally be combined with another polymer, a further polymer mixture, solution, suspension, another polymer blend or the like, eg starch, in the plasticized state in order to obtain the mechanical properties of the tablet to be produced to modify. For this purpose, both polymers can be brought together before or after Eindispergierung the fluid agent in an extruder and, for example, also be applied at a pressure of about 1 bar so with ultrasound that Kavitationsbläschen be generated. The dimensionally stable extrudate, which contains the pharmaceutical active ingredient in finely dispersed distribution in the (first) polymer and this in turn, for example, in a dimensionally stable matrix of the second polymer (starch), is processed after cooling to tablets, from which the active ingredient over a longer period of time retarded released. Both polymer (s) may of course contain additives and / or other fluid substances, such as alcohols, glycerol, gases, fats, waxes, oils, eg silicone oils, etc. Accordingly, a production of other pharmaceutical articles, such as pills or suppositories conceivable. Likewise, for example, a corresponding production of polymer systems is conceivable which are able to form gel-like, dimensionally stable structures by network formation and can be used in the food sector. Such polymer moldings for the food industry can be controlled by the ultrasound treatment, a controlled release of the active ingredients, for example in the form of flavors, preservatives, etc., and thus increased efficacy of the active ingredients, for example, in terms of sensors, durability, etc., with a lower dosage Confer drugs.

Embodiment 3

For the production of polymer components containing fluid substances, for example insoles, a first polymer, for example a thermoplastic elastomer, such as a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), is plasticized and, under the action of ultrasound, mixed with a fluid agent in the form of a sweat-reducing agent. Alternatively, a liquid polymer may be employed in the form of an elastomer or thermoset curable resin. As possible antiperspirants are exemplified aqueous solutions of aluminum salts, such as aluminum chloride (AlCl ₃ ), Botulinumtoxin-A, etc. mentioned. If desired, other active ingredients such as urea (to prevent disintegration of the nails), H1 antihistamines and friction reducing additives and those having a cooling effect can be used. The dispersing process of the agent (s) into the plasticized TPU is done by means of ultrasound, so that cavitation bubbles are produced in the first polymer and the agent is taken up in the remaining cavities after collapse of the bubbles. The thus pretreated first polymer (TPU / active ingredient) is now combined with a second polymer with a higher strength, such as a thermoplastic polyolefin, such as PE, PP or the like, by adding the two polymers to an extruder, optionally mixed with suitable additives and, for example be subjected to ultrasound at a pressure of about 1 bar or less so that cavitation bubbles are generated. The dispersion obtained is discharged from the extruder via a die and converted into a suitable form (optionally in combination with the use of an injection molding technique), in which it is rapidly cooled by external cooling and solidified to the shaped part. The finished insole, which contains both the fluid agent and the second polymer (eg PE, PP, etc.) in finely dispersed distribution in the elastic first polymer (TPU), has a markedly increased strength and durability compared to pure TPU and is capable of fluid Released active ingredient retarded.

Embodiment 4

to Preparation of fluid-active polymer moldings, e.g. collars for animals, is a plasticizable polymer, e.g. a polyolefin, polyurethane or the like, or it becomes a curable, still liquid Polymer, e.g. a thermoset, used and under the action of Ultrasound with a fluid active substance in the form of an insect repellent added. As possible Insect repellents are exemplified by essential oils, N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide, Dimethyl phthalate, butylaminopropionic acid ethyl ester, 2-ethylhexanediol (1,3), Diethyltoluamide, lindane, etc. mentioned. The dispersing process of the fluid agent in the plasticized or liquid Polymer occurs by means of ultrasound, so that generates cavitation bubbles in the polymer and the remedy after collapsing the bubbles in the remaining Cavities recorded becomes. The thus offset with the drug polymer is over a Nozzle off discharged into the extruder and converted into a suitable form, in which it is solidified to the molding by either fast chilled or hardened. Furthermore, in particular in the case of the use of a thermoplastic Polymers e.g. also a to be shortened Endless strand with one of the desired Contour of the collar corresponding profile can be generated. The contains finished collar in the porous one System of the cooled polymer absorbed drug, which out of this over a longer one Delayed release period.

Accordingly, the production of polymer moldings in the form of polymer fibers or here from fabricated textiles conceivable in the porous polymer matrix, an active ingredient of the aforementioned type is added. Protective clothing, eg for agriculture and forestry or for military purposes, or leisure clothing, camping equipment, such as blankets, tents, etc., may be mentioned as the intended use. In such cases, a further advantage of the invention is that it is possible to provide the fluid active polymer / textile layers exclusively on the outside of garments, pads, etc. - optionally with simultaneous use of the wearer facing barrier layers - so that a There is little skin contact between these active substances compared to a direct application of the same to the skin, and the sustained release of the active ingredients takes place mainly to the environment.

Claims (31)

Process for making a porous structure comprising polymer molding of at least one plasticizable, in particular thermoplastic and / or thermoelastic, elastic or thermosetting polymer or polymer system having at least one fluid additive, characterized by the following steps: - Select at least a fluid additive from the group with the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition not or only poorly miscible agents, which made the polymer molding are releasable releasable, - Add of the fluid agent into the polymer to form a dispersion of polymer and fluid agent; - Applying the dispersion from the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition and the fluid agent with ultrasound such that in the Polymer cavitation bubbles be generated and the fluid active ingredient at least partially dispersed in this becomes; and - Freezing the dispersion to the polymer molding with cooling or curing of the Polymer with the fluid contained in this. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the fluid active substance in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Conditioned polymer or in at least one such component of the Polymer system is added. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the Dispersion of the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition and the fluid agent at a pressure of at most 20 bar, in particular of at most 15 bar, is subjected to ultrasound. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that the Dispersion of the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition and the fluid agent at a pressure of at most 10 bar, in particular of at most 5 bar, preferably at most 2 bar, is subjected to ultrasound. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized that the Polymer in a plasticizing unit, in particular in the form of a Extruder, the fluid agent added and the dispersion the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition and the fluid agent in the region of an outlet nozzle of the extruder is applied with ultrasound. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that that the Dispersion of the polymer in the liquid, plasticized or dissolved Condition and the fluid agent when exposed to ultrasound is conveyed through an area of the extruder with extended cross-section. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized that the Polymer or at least one component of the polymer system at least an additive is added. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the existence in the polymer in the plasticized, liquid or dissolved state at least partially soluble Added additive and the latter in the polymer at least partially solved becomes. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized the existence during the the application of ultrasound conditions gaseous or in the gaseous Condition convertible Additive is added Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized the existence the surface tension of the Polymers at least during the modifying the conditions applying ultrasound, especially reducing, additive is added. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized the existence the vapor pressure of the polymer at least during the application with Ultrasound ruling conditions modifying, in particular ver ringerndes, additive is added. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized the existence the viscosity of the polymer at least during the modifying the conditions applying ultrasound, especially reducing, additive is added. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that ultrasound with an output of 0.1 to 1000 W / cm ² , in particular from 1 to 500 W / cm ² , is used. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized that at least a meltable, thermoplastic or thermoelastic polymer used and the plasticized polymer with the fluid agent After exposure to ultrasound with a medium with a across from Air higher Heat capacity under Forming the polymer molding is cooled. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that that this plasticized polymer with the fluid agent in a water bath chilled becomes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized that at least a hardenable, thermosetting or elastic polymer used and that still liquid Polymer with the fluid agent after the application of ultrasound hardened becomes. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that that this Polymer is cured with the fluid agent by irradiation. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that that electromagnetic Radiation, in particular in the infrared range (IR), in the ultraviolet range (UV) and / or in the microwave range (MW), is used. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that that particle radiation, in particular electron radiation (β-radiation) is used. Method according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized that the Fluid active ingredient from the group medical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic Active ingredients, perspiration-reducing Active ingredients, fragrances and flavors, pesticides, such as herbicides, Fungicides and insecticides, insect repellents, pheromones, disinfectants, Antioxidants, preservatives, flame retardants and film formers chosen is. Method according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized that this at least one polymer from the group of synthetic polymers, Polymer blends, polymer blends and / or polymer solutions such Polymers, natural Polymers, polymer blends, polymer blends and / or polymer solutions such Polymers or polymer blends, polymer blends and / or polymer solutions synthetic and natural Selected polymers becomes. Polymer molding with a polymer matrix of at least a plasticizable, in particular thermoplastic and / or thermoelastic, elastic or thermosetting polymer with a porous one Structure and with at least one additive, in particular produced according to a method according to a the claims 1 to 21, characterized in that in the pores of the polymer molding at least one additive in the form of a fluid agent is present which is releasable from the polymer molding releasable. Polymer molding according to claim 22, characterized in that that it at least one active ingredient according to claim 20 and / or at least one polymer according to claim 21. Polymer molding according to claim 22 or 23, characterized characterized in that it Cavity structures with dimensions in the nano and / or micro range, in particular in the range of about 1 nm to about 1000 microns. Polymer molding according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that it in the form of a package, in particular in the form of a packaging container is. Polymer molding according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that it is formed in the form of a structural component. Polymer molding according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that it a polymer matrix of a physiologically acceptable, especially biologically degradable, polymer and in the form of a tablet, pill, a suppository or a dimensionally stable gel is formed with yield point. Polymer molding according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that it in the form of a neck, arm or foot band is formed. Polymer molding according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that it is designed in the form of an insole. Polymer molding according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that it in the form of a polymeric thread or a textile with at least one Such a polymeric thread, such as a fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, Geleges, Fleece or the like is formed. Polymer molding according to claim 30, characterized in that that it in the form of an overlay, a compress, a bandage, a plaster, a band or a garment is formed.