DE102005006340B4 - Free-piston energy producers - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for the synchronous and asynchronous control of the pistons of a free-piston counter-piston power generator
with the following features:
• Two pistons (1) operating in a cylinder (3) in two-stroke mode;
• The kinetic energy of the pistons is transformed by linear generator windings (11) into electrical energy;
• The two pistons are cushioned by air buffers (7), which are connected to each other for synchronization via a connecting line (13);
• in the connecting line, a control unit (14, 15) is arranged;
• The movement of the pistons is controlled asymmetrically, on the one hand, the linear windings are switched to "motor operation", and on the other hand
• the control unit in the connection line controls the pressure in the buffer.

Description

STATE OF THE ART

Opposed piston engines were already very successful in the 1930s as aircraft engines used (Junkers Jumo engines). They were and are still today the most powerful Diesel engines, both in consumption and in the displacement capacity (z. B. Junkers engine, year of construction 1943: 88 kW per liter of displacement; Car engine, Year of construction 2003: 60 kW / l displacement).

today is being researched on this principle again in many countries, since the counter piston principle that only two-stroke is the modern four-stroke engines far surpasses efficiency and simplicity. (eg Golle-Motoren AG at the University of Dresden, and many research institutes in the US, such as B. C. Galileo Research Inc., the University of West Virginia, E. Mechanical Technology inc. u. s. w.).

Also, some patents have been filed in this field, such as the publication US Pat. No. 3,443,111 ,

she contains but no information about the solution the main problem of free-piston engines, namely the synchronization of the two pistons.

DISADVANTAGES OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNOLOGY

There these new developments almost without exception the linear movement The piston transforms into rotating movements, goes one more essential Lost the advantage of free piston technology, since then the wear of the piston, Cylinders and bearings similar is great as with the two- and four-stroke engine.

The mentioned in the patents Power generation with permanent magnets has so far been in some experimental designs realized the functionality demonstrated.

All others so far realized free-piston engines show only minor advantages over existing ones Internal combustion engines on, making a great entry into this technology because of economical reasons not yet done.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

a.) Vehicle drives

The energy generated in the form of electricity and compressed air can also be generated in ground-based systems, such as in vehicle drives, in which compressed air motors are mounted directly on the wheels.

One double underbody could serve as a compressed air reservoir, so that the engine only works, when the pressure drops below a certain value (eg <5 bar). Thereby This results in fuel savings, especially in stowage phases and in the city.

Besides, could with Space and weight savings can be expected, since conventional drive parts, such as transmission, differential, propshaft, etc. can be omitted. The Drive motors on the wheels would be largely maintenance-free, as the fins are made of self-lubricating carbon, or the treads made of ceramic.

in the stationary Operation could the energy generated for All electrical and pneumatic machines used so far be used.

a.) Decentralized small power plants

at In this use, the new engine mainly generates electricity, which is also at excess in the public Network can be fed. The resulting waste heat is through heat exchangers used for heating and hot water production.

b.) Portable small generator as replacement for batteries

There the new engine made in any size could be he also supplies power to various portable electrical consumers, like laptops, mobile phones, Take over cameras etc.

specially in the military Area exists for it an urgent need, given the equipment of a modern soldier consists of a variety of electronic devices (radios, laptops, GPS navigation, Night vision and infrared device, Laser rangefinder, target illuminator, friend-proximity detector, etc.), which one through the battery given relatively short duration of use of a few hours to have.

The same applies to the electric propulsion of mini-drones for reconnaissance missions at close range, currently have a flight duration in the minute range.

For the interior operation would the Engine with propane gas. (eg refill cartridges for gas lighters) be operated, since only water vapor and CO2 is produced as exhaust.

c.) Development of a new helicopter with reaction drive and Koanda lift control

For this helicopter, the generated compressed air for the blade tip drive is a hub used. This eliminates the heavy and vulnerable rotor gear and the torque balance through the tail rotor.

The Compressed air also serves to reduce noise by cyclic blowing in Koanda slots in the rotor blades; also prevented the hot one Compressed air in the rotor blades their icing.

Of Furthermore, the linear generators supply the power for the on-board power supply.

e.) Generation of compressed air and electricity for passenger aircraft as replacement for the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU).

Of the Disadvantage of the previously used APUs is the high fuel consumption (3 to 4 times opposite Piston engines), the big one noise generation at the airport in the queues and the extensive security arrangements in the plane against fire and bursting of the turbine blades.

During the Flight is the cabin compressed air and the current from the cruise engine produced, whereby the efficiency of this TW decreases and the fuel consumption increases (see report in the appendix).

These disadvantages described above could be avoided by a free piston engine throughout the flight would run to generate the compressed air and electricity.

SOLUTION OF THE TASK

The The above tasks are achieved by the free-running piston engine solved by generating electricity and compressed air.

The Air volume, pressure and electrical energy can be through the Choosing the size of the buffer piston, the suction volume, the selection of the valves and the dimensioning the linear generators are determined.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

• • Of the Motor consists of only two moving parts; less Wear, great reliability and long life.
• • Very good efficiency due to high pre-compression and rotating DC flushing of the cylinders, as well as the application of the
• • HCCI procedure (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, (see details under "Functional Description").
• • By the use of a fuel water emulsion (up to 75% water with the same power output!) is a big savings in fuel costs expected.
• • Height Smooth running through 100% mass balance.
• • low Power to weight and small dimensions.
• • None Lubrication necessary by ceramic cylinder and carbon piston, and friction reduction by air cushion between the piston and cylinder.
• • Business with different fuels (gaseous and liquid) possible,
• • at Use in helicopters great Weight savings by eliminating the tail rotor and the gearbox.
• • noise reduction and lift increase by cyclically blowing out the rotor blades through the Koanda slots.

DESCRIPTION

A.) Variant with emulsion mode (s. 1 )

at This mode is a mixture instead of the direct injection from fuel and water vapor (emulsion) in the ratio 1: 3 to 1: 4 at the beginning of compression in the cylinder blown (principle the oil-vapor engine, s. Report i. App .: Dr.-Ing. S. Förster: "Oil vapor injection in the oil-steam diesel engine" v. 20. 09. 99).

Of the Steam is at cold engine with the help of a microwave generator generated, with warm engine with the energy from the hot exhaust gas.

ever After fuel is used, the mixture by the rising Compression temperature gradually self-ignited, or by catalytic Burning through the platinum coated ceramic foam on the piston, or by spark ignition using the piezo ignition elements at the internal dead center.

By the use of superheated steam becomes the ignition temperature of the mixture drastically lowered. In already performed experiments were ignition temperatures measured from 250 to 300 degrees; this is about 300 degrees less as when injecting z. B. liquid diesel fuel.

By this optimal, soot-free Low temperature combustion could be the emission of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are lowered significantly.

details see design drawing, description and functional diagrams in the appendix

If insoluble problems should occur in the mode of operation described above, the engine can be like a conventional one Diesel engine through

B.) direct injection of the fuel into the combustion chamber (as with conventional Injection engines) are operated.

FUNCTION PROCESS (s. 1 )

By the accelerated after ignition by the explosion energy to the outside buffer piston ( 2 ) fresh air through the inlet flutter valves ( 8th ) and at the same time a part of the kinetic energy of the piston into current in the linear generators ( 11 ) transformed.

The two pistons now reach the outer dead center; they thereby give the inlet and outlet bores ( 4 u. 5 ) in the cylinder ( 3 ), the two combustion chamber pistons are depressurized and the cylinder is pressurized with the compressed air cached by the compression stroke ( 26 ) is rinsed with approx. 6 to 10 bar.

at the same time is UHT steam (about 250 to 300 degrees, 10 bar) blown through the inlet holes in the cylinder.

By the oblique receives standing inlet holes the incoming Fresh air-steam mixture a rotation, which is very beneficial the DC purge of the cylinder.

After this closed the inlet and outlet bores of the two pistons were started, the injection of fuel vapor and mixing begins with the fresh air / steam mixture.

By the rising compression heat now reached the individual flashpoints of the fuel components and a gradual, relatively slow combustion starts, like she for the HCCI procedure is required.

Of the Combustion pressure at the inner dead center now reaches its maximum (about 80 to 100 bar); the two pistons become external dead center again accelerates and releases the inlet and outlet holes.

About the outlet holes now reaches the working gas ( 23 ) with a pressure of about 6 to 10 bar and a temperature of about 300 degrees C (depending on the dimensions of the engine) to the consumers.

The two gas buffers ( 7 ) now accelerate the piston at a pressure of about 60 to 80 bar back to the inner dead center; the intake fresh air is compressed by the opening valves ( 9 ) into the cylinder rinsing chamber ( 26 ) and stored there until the next cycle.

One Part of this compressed air could now from here for other uses are tapped (eg in aircraft for the Cabin pressure-generating).

The two pistons now reach the inner dead center (i-TP) and hit the piezo ignition elements ( 12 ), whereby the fuel can be ignited via the spark gap piston left - piston right, if spark ignition should be required (eg when operating with hochoktanigem fuels, such as propane gas, methanol, etc.).

The two pistons ( 1 ) are now accelerated by the explosion pressure to the outside and the working piston ( 2 ) suck now via the intake valves ( 8th ) Fresh air and a new cycle begins.

At the same time a small portion of the combustion gases passes under high pressure via the line (a) and via a check valve in the compressed air storage tank ( 19 ) (= Starting tank) and refills it (at 60 to 80 bar).

The Both pistons are freely movable in the cylinder. The wall friction will through a spiral Groove in the piston (similar a screw thread) reduced, since thereby a gas cushion forms between piston and cylinder and no direct contact occur. The same applies the gas buffer pistons.

SYNCHRONIZATION OF THE PISTONS

• 1.) durch Phasenvergleich der Spannung der beiden Lineargeneratoren, in dem man sie parallel zu einer Last schaltet (s. 4) Beispiel: Wenn nun ein Kolben schneller sein sollte als der andere, muss er mehr el. Energie abgeben und wird dadurch gebremst, bis er wieder in Phase mit dem zweiten Kolben ist. Durch Umschalten der Lineargeneratoren auf „Motorbetrieb" können auch die Kolben asynchron gesteuert werden, um einen optimalen Wirkungsgrad zu erreichen.
• 2.) Rein mechanisch durch Vergleich des Druckes in den beiden Gaspufferkammern und gegebenenfalls Druckausgleich durch einen Steuerkolben (s. 1) Funktionsweise: Durch den höheren Druck des einen Gaspuffers wird der Steuerkolben (15) verschoben, eine Abblasöffnung freigegeben und dadurch den Druck reduziert, bis wieder der Gleichdruck (= gleiche Stellung der Kolben im Zylinder) herstellt ist.
• 2a.) Zusätzliche Kontrolle des Steuerkolbens durch eine Linearmotor-Wicklung (14). Dadurch wird auch eine eventuell auftretende Schwingung im Gasdruck-Regelkreis verhindert (s. 1) Gesteuert wird der Linearmotor von der Phasenlage der beiden Lineargenerator-Spannungen, die zu einem Vergleicher (EXOR-Gatter, siehe Skizze) gehen und der bei Auftreten von Phasendifferenzen den Linearmotor ansteuert, der dann den Steuerkolben entsprechend verschiebt und dadurch den zu hohen Druckanteil abbläst.
• 3.) Hydraulische Steuerung durch Piezo-Elemente: Statt der Luftfedern werden hydraulische Federn verwendet, deren Druck (und damit die Position der Kolben) durch Piezo-Stellglieder kontrolliert wird. Als Flüssigkeit wird z. B. der Treibstoff verwendet; die beiden Piezos dienen dabei zugleich als Einspritz-Druckerzeuger. Vorteil: kein Schwingungsverhalten, wesentlich kürzere Reaktionszeiten, kleineres Bauvolumen, kein Energieverlust durch Kompressionswärme und die Möglichkeit, die beiden Kolben asynchron zu steuern.

The two pistons can be synchronized by three methods described here (of several other possibilities):

• 1.) by phase comparison of the voltage of the two linear generators, in which they are connected in parallel to a load (s. 4 ) Example: If one piston should be faster than the other, it has to release more energy and is slowed down until it is in phase with the second piston. By switching the linear generators to "motor operation", the pistons can also be controlled asynchronously in order to achieve optimum efficiency.
• 2.) Purely mechanically by comparing the pressure in the two gas buffer chambers and optionally pressure equalization by a control piston (s. 1 ) Mode of operation: Due to the higher pressure of one gas buffer, the control piston ( 15 ), releases a blow-off opening and thereby reduces the pressure until the constant pressure (= same position of the piston in the cylinder) is restored.
• 2a.) Additional control of the control piston by a linear motor winding ( 14 ). Thereby is also a possibly occurring vibration in the gas pressure control loop prevented (s. 1 ) The linear motor is controlled by the phase angle of the two linear generator voltages, which go to a comparator (EXOR gate, see sketch) and which controls the linear motor when phase differences occur, which then shifts the control piston accordingly and thereby blows off the excess pressure ,
• 3.) Hydraulic control by piezo elements: Instead of air springs, hydraulic springs are used whose pressure (and thus the position of the pistons) is controlled by piezo actuators. As a liquid z. B. the fuel used; The two piezos serve at the same time as an injection pressure generator. Advantage: no vibration behavior, much shorter reaction times, smaller construction volume, no energy loss due to compression heat and the possibility to control the two pistons asynchronously.

STARTUP

Of the Start can be done either by compressed air or electric.

1.) Compressed air start and start of operation

• (see design drawing "START-STOP" procedure), 2 . 3

• a.) Start mit einem DREHVENTIL, 2
• b.) Start mit einem DRUCKVENTIL (Linearventil), 3

Two variants are proposed for starting the engine with compressed air:

• a.) Start with a TURNING VALVE, 2
• b.) start with a PRESSURE VALVE (linear valve), 3

To a.): TURNING VALVE, 2

1.) Engine "OFF" (STOP):

Adoption: the engine is running and should be stopped.

The Rotary valve is now over put a grid position in the OFF position.

The Compressed air from the air springs (line b, c) escapes via the Output "OFF" to the outside The pistons move through the still existing combustion pressure in the cylinder to the outer dead-spot.

The Fuel and water supply is closed and the injection system receives several injection pulses to make the lines liquid-free (frost protection).

Start "PREPARE":

Adoption: the engine has been standing for a long time, the cylinder is depressurised.

The rotary valve is turned to the "PREPARE" position. 19 ) passes via port 2 to port 4 and from there into the cylinder.

If the pistons were together, they are now being squeezed apart.

at cold engine now starts the evaporation of the fuel with the help the microwave.

If the vaporous Condition of the fuel has been reached (reported by pressure and temperature sensors), begins the starting phase.

"BEGIN":

The Rotary valve is released and further turned to pos. "START".

The Compressed air from output 1 reaches connection 3 u. 5 and from there over the Lines "b", "c" in the air buffers.

The Pistons are pressed together and the compression process begins.

As soon as the pistons have closed the inlet and outlet bores, (= Signal reversal in the linear generators), an injection pulse goes to the injection system, the fuel is through the hole in the sprayed left piston into the cylinder and mixes with the Air.

By the rising compression temperature becomes the ignition points the fuel components reached and the combustion process begins as described under B.).

Around To ensure the starting process even in extreme cold, can ever by outside temperature the electronic fuel injection still additional fuel to different Injected times become.

"BUSINESS":

Of the The engine is now working and the rotary valve is now moved to the "OPERATION" position.

One small part of the combustion gases passes under high pressure (> 60 bar) over the Connect "a" and "a1" to the starting air tank and fill him again.

The Microwave heating is turned off as soon as the heat exchangers taken on the exhaust pipe, the evaporation of water and fuel to have.

The further operation is controlled by a microprocessor, which is the Injection, water vapor and air volume regulated.

The Measurement data is transferred via corresponding sensors are supplied in the supply and discharge lines of the engine.

To b.) Start with PRESSURE VALVE (LINEAR VALVE), 3

The operations run analogously as the rotary valve. See also description on corresponding sheet.

Both operations can both manually and electrically (by a servomotor, or an El. Magnet).

HCCI process (partially homogeneous mixture process)

In The initial phase of the compression stroke is a small amount of Fuel vapor is blown into the cylinder and mixes with the rotating fresh air-steam mixture in the cylinder.

By the resulting in the subsequent compression further heat now become the different ignition points reaches the fuel components and it starts an intensive and staggered, slow combustion at relatively low temperatures.

In this hot Fresh air / combustion gas mixture is now the remaining fuel vapor injected and the pressure in the cylinder reaches its maximum.

Of the entire combustion process is monitored by a microprocessor, which monitors the combustion process with the various sensors.

When Flame holder, or serves as a primer while the coated with platinum ceramic foam in the combustion bowl The piston.

By this process could achieved a very clean combustion with barely detectable pollutant emissions become.

By the high precompaction and the use of UHP Water vapor is also very big Efficiencies expected, such as studies by B. van BLARINGEN from Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, Calif. USA, in the year 2001 resulted. Doc. No. NREL / CP-570-30535, title: "Free piston / linear generators in the OTTO process ".

2.) Electric start

at this version of the engine, the air pistons are designed as a squirrel cage rotor Aluminum formed.

By Generating an electrical traveling field in the linear motor generator windings big in the aluminum pistons streams induced, the two pistons accelerated to the i-TP and it takes place the first ignition.

requirement For this Start is the presence of a starter battery or of charged supercapacitors.

LINEAR GENERATOR, 5 . 6

When Linear generator is proposed as the 1st variant of a construction, as mentioned in the aforementioned Report was tested by the Sandia National Laboratories.

at this solution were extremely strong permanent magnets (made of rare earth material) as ring magnets poured into the two pistons (see also design drawing "linear generator" i. A.).

It efficiencies of over 95% were achieved measured.

In the 2nd variant could The compressed air pistons are made of aluminum and as a runner of a Asynchronous motor act by by the applied traveling field in very high short-circuit currents be induced.

The Running speed of the traveling field relative to the speed of the piston determines whether the piston as a motor (starting process) or Generator works.

in the Generator operation is the kinetic energy that the piston passes through has received the explosion cycle, into electrical energy in the windings converted the linear generator and braked the piston according to the Lenz's rule.

The residual energy is absorbed in the gas buffer; the appropriate dimensioning of the piston surfaces and the volume ensures that there is still sufficient residual energy is to do the compression work in the cylinder and the exhaust work from the suction chamber ( 6 ) in the purge air buffer ( 26 ) to ensure.

If the experiments should show that the drawn air cooling of the Cylinder is insufficient, a water cooling is proposed as they is shown in the sketch in the appendix.

COLD START

• 1.) Der Startknopf (Drehventil) wird in die Stellung „START VORBEREITEN", (3) gebracht (siehe Zeichnung). Die Druckluft vom Starttank gelangt in den Zylinder und die beiden Kolben fahren auseinander bis zum äußeren Totpunkt. Frischluft strömt über die nun offenen Einlassbohrungen in den Zylinder. Zugleich wird Treibstoff angesaugt.
• 2.) Der Mikrowellen-Generator wird eingeschaltet und erhitzt den Treibstoff bis zum verdampfen. Die Druck- und Temperatursensoren melden „Treibstoffdampf" zum Mikroprozessor.
• 3.) Durch diese Signale wird der Startknopf freigegeben und auf Stellung „START" gedreht.
• 4.) Die freigegebene Druckluft vom Starttank presst die beiden Kolben mit ca. 60 bar zusammen, die Ein- und Auslassbohrungen werden verschlossen.
• 5.) Die Position der beiden Kolben wird durch den Verlauf der Sinusspannung an den beiden Lineargeneratoren ermittelt (Umkehrpunkt der Kolben = Nulldurchgang der Sinusspannung). Die elektronische Einspritzanlage (46) erhält nun den ersten (von mehreren nachfolgenden) Einspritzimpuls.
• 6.) Treibstoffdampf strömt über die Einblasdüse (in der Mitte des linken Kolbens) in den Zylinder und mischt sich mit der Frischluft. Die Treibstoffmenge wird dabei vom Mikroprozessor auf optimales Startgemisch geregelt.
• 7.) Durch die nun zunehmende Verdichtungstemperatur werden die verschieden hohen Zündtemperaturen der Treibstoffbestandteile erreicht und die Verbrennung eingeleitet. Falls der verwendete Treibstoff keine Selbstzündeigenschaften haben sollte (z. B. Methanol, Erdgas, Propangas etc.) erfolgt beim Aufschlagen der Kolben auf die Piezo-Zündelemente eine Fremdzündung. Eine katalytische Verbrennung kann auch durch die Beschichtung des Keramikschaums auf den Kolben erfolgen.
• 8.) Der Gasdruck im Zylinder ist bei Erreichen des inneren Totpunktes (ca. 100 bis 120 bar, je nach Dimensionierung der Konstruktion) nun wesentlich höher als der Gasdruck in den Luftpuffern und die beiden Kolben fahren wieder bis zum äußeren Totpunkt auseinander.
• 9.) Die heißen Abgase (= Arbeitsgas) gelangen über die nun freigelegten Auslassbohrungen zur Arbeitsgas-Druckleitung (23), wo sich auch die Wärmetauscher für das Wasser und den Treibstoff befinden, und von da zu den Verbrauchern.
• 10.) Der Druck in den Luftpuffern presst die Kolben wieder zusammen und ein neuer Zyklus beginnt. Der Mikrowellen-Generator ist so lange eingeschaltet, bis die Druck- und Temperaturfühler „Dampf" zum Prozessor melden.

Assumption: the engine stops and is cold.

• 1.) The start button (rotary valve) is set to the position "START PREPARATION", ( 3 ) (see drawing). The compressed air from the starting tank enters the cylinder and the two pistons move apart to the outer dead center. Fresh air flows over the now open inlet holes in the cylinder. At the same time, fuel is sucked in.
• 2.) The microwave generator is turned on and heats the fuel until it evaporates. The pressure and temperature sensors report "fuel vapor" to the microprocessor.
• 3.) By these signals, the start button is released and turned to position "START".
• 4.) The released compressed air from the start tank presses the two pistons together with approx. 60 bar, the inlet and outlet bores are closed.
• 5.) The position of the two pistons is determined by the curve of the sinusoidal voltage at the two linear generators (reversal point of the piston = zero crossing of the sinusoidal voltage). The electronic injection system ( 46 ) now receives the first (of several subsequent) injection pulse.
• 6.) Fuel vapor flows through the injection nozzle (in the middle of the left piston) into the cylinder and mixes with the fresh air. The amount of fuel is controlled by the microprocessor to optimum starting mixture.
• 7.) Due to the now increasing compression temperature, the different high ignition temperatures of the fuel components are reached and initiated the combustion. If the fuel used should not have auto-ignition properties (eg, methanol, natural gas, propane gas, etc.), sparking occurs when the pistons strike the piezo ignition elements. Catalytic combustion can also be achieved by coating the ceramic foam on the piston.
• 8.) The gas pressure in the cylinder is on reaching the inner dead center (about 100 to 120 bar, depending on the dimensions of the construction) now much higher than the gas pressure in the air buffers and the two pistons move back to the outer dead center.
• 9.) The hot exhaust gases (= working gas) pass over the now exposed outlet bores to the working gas pressure line ( 23 ), where the heat exchangers for the water and the fuel are located, and from there to the consumers.
• 10.) The pressure in the air buffers compresses the pistons again and a new cycle begins. The microwave generator is turned on until the pressure and temperature sensors report "steam" to the processor.

MOTOR "STOP"

• 1.) The rotary valve (start button) is brought into the "OFF" position,
• 2.) The fuel and water supply is closed
• 3.) The compressed air from the air springs escapes into the open air.
• 4.) The pistons go to the outer dead center.
• 5.) The inlet and outlet holes are released and the Residual steam (fuel and water) escapes through the outlet holes. Thereby Both are free of liquids (important in winter operation)
• 6.) The fuel injection system receives several injection pulses, around the pressure lines liquid-free to do (antifreeze).

DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION

The FREIKOLBEN ENERGY PRODUCER works with 2 counter-rotating working pistons ( 1 ) right and ( 1 ) left, which at the same time as a squirrel-cage ( 2 ), or as moving magnets ( 10 ) and in a linear generator ( 11 ) Generate electricity, or start the free-piston engine as a linear motor.

The pistons accelerated outwards by the expansion energy are transported through the air buffers ( 7 ) collected; at the same time they suck over the lamellar valves ( 8th ) Fresh air on.

The two pistons now reach the outer dead center, and the combustion chamber pistons enter the inlet and outlet bores ( 4 and 5 ) free. The working gas now passes under high pressure and temperature (up to 10 bar and about 300 degrees C) to the consumers. The cylinder is filled with the air buffered by the previous cycle (in the purge air reservoir ( 26 ) is rinsed with approx. 5 to 8 bar.

Since the two combustion chamber pistons are now almost depressurized, they are the pressure in the two gas buffers ( 7 ) accelerates inwards again; at the same time open the valves ( 9 ) and the compressed fresh air is in the room ( 26 ) are cached. The fuel is after closing the inlet and outlet holes of the electronic injection investment ( 46 ) under high pressure (about 60 bar) through the bore in the piston into the cylinder ( 3 ), mixed with the fresh air / water vapor mixture and ignited after reaching the ignition temperature (auto-ignition).

A required depending on the type of fuel used spark ignition takes place at the internal dead center by the impact of the piston ( 2 ) on the piezo ignition elements ( 12 ).

Description of the "START-STOP" process of the free-piston engine. 2 )

Example: TURNING VALVE

1.) PREPARE START

rotary valve is turned to "PREPARE".

compressed air from the starting tank passes over Connection 2 to Anschl. 4 And from there into the cylinder.

The both pistons move apart (if they were together)

2.) START

rotary valve is turned to pos. "START".

compressed air v. Outlet 1 reaches the port. 3 u. 5 and from there via Die Lines b, c in the air buffers.

The Pistons move together and the first ignition takes place.

3.) "OPERATION":

The The rotary valve is turned to the "OPERATION" position and engages in a spring.

One small part of the combustion gases passes under high pressure (approx. 60 bar) the connection "a1" (line with the Inlet valve) into the starting tank and refills it.

Engine "OFF" (STOP):

rotary valve will over put a grid position in the STOP position.

The Compressed air from the air springs (Line b, c) escapes via the output "OFF" to the outside.

The Pistons are in the outer dead center.

1

Freikolben rechts/links

2

Pufferkolben rechts/links

3

Keramikzylinder

4

Einlassbohrungen für Frischluft

5

Auslassbohrungen für Verbrennungsgase

6

Ansaugraum für Frischluft

7

Gaspuffer

8

Einlass-Flatterventile für Frischluft (je 12 auf jeder Seite)

9

Spülkammer-Flatterventile (je 12 auf jeder Seite)

10

Kreisring-Magnete

11

Linear-Motor/Generatorwicklungen

12

Piezo-Zündelemente (je 2 auf jeder Seite)

13

Gaspuffer-Druckausgleichsrohr, zugleich Startrohr

14

Linearmotorwicklungen für Steuerkolben

15

Steuerkolben für Druckausgleich

16

Kolbenstange und Treibstoff-Druckleitung

17

Kolbenstange und Einspritzleitung für Wasser/Methanol

18

Überdruckventil > 60 bar.

19

Druckluft-Starttank

20

Startmodul

21

Startknopf

22

Elektromagnet für el. Start

23

Arbeitsgas-Auslass

24

Treibstoff-Druckleitung

25

Treibstoff-Einspritzdüsen

26

Spülluft-Zwischenspeicher

27

Kühlwasser

28

Sensorspulen

29

Arbeitsgas-Druckleitung (max. 10 bar, 300 grad C).

PART LIST FREE PISTON ENGINE

1

Free piston right / left

2

Buffer piston right / left

3

ceramic cylinder

4

Inlet holes for fresh air

5

Outlet holes for combustion gases

6

Intake space for fresh air

7

gas buffer

8th

Inlet flutter valves for fresh air (12 on each side)

9

Flushing chamber flutter valves (12 on each side)

10

Circular ring magnets

11

Linear motor / generator windings

12

Piezo ignition elements (2 each on each side)

13

Gas buffer pressure equalizing pipe, at the same time starting pipe

14

Linear motor windings for control pistons

15

Control piston for pressure compensation

16

Piston rod and fuel pressure line

17

Piston rod and injection line for water / methanol

18

Pressure relief valve> 60 bar.

19

Compressed air start tank

20

start module

21

start button

22

Electromagnet for el. Start

23

Working gas outlet

24

Fuel pressure line

25

Fuel injectors

26

Purge cache

27

cooling water

28

sensor coils

29

Working gas pressure line (max 10 bar, 300 degrees C).

30

Keramik-Schaum

34

Treibstoff-Rückschlagventil

40

Mikrowellen-Antenne

41

Wasser-Wärmetauscher

42

Treibstoff-Wärmetauscher

43

HF-Abschirmung

44

Wasserdampf-Mengenregler

45

Wasserdampf-Düse

46

Treibstoff-Einspritzanlage

47

Treibstoffleitung

48

Wasserdampf-Leitung

Parts list for the detailed drawing "FUEL INJECTION"

30

Ceramic foam

34

Fuel check valve

40

Microwave antenna

41

Water heat exchanger

42

Fuel heat exchanger

43

RF shielding

44

Steam flow regulator

45

Steam nozzle

46

Fuel injection system

47

fuel line

48

Steam line

Claims (14)

Method for the synchronous and asynchronous control of the pistons of a free-piston counter-piston power generator with the following features: • two pistons ( 1 ) in two-stroke mode in a cylinder ( 3 ) work against each other; • the kinetic energy of the pistons is controlled by linear generator windings ( 11 ) transformed into electrical energy; • the two pistons are replaced by air buffers ( 7 ) for synchronization via a connecting line ( 13 ) are interconnected; • in the connecting line is a control unit ( 14 . 15 ) arranged; • the movement of the pistons is controlled asymmetrically, whereby on the one hand the linear windings are switched to "motor operation", and on the other hand • the control unit in the connecting line controls the pressure in the buffer. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a method is used to produce a cylinder ( 3 ) to produce heat-resistant ceramic, which can be easily produced and also has a good thermal conductivity through special admixtures. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a method is used to separate the two pistons ( 1 re, 1 li) made of ceramic or carbon and milling helical grooves in the circumference; This creates an air cushion between the cylinder and the piston, which significantly reduces the wall friction. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a method is used to obtain a platinum-coated ceramic foam ( 30 ), which is located in the wells of the pistons to achieve catalytic combustion and thus optimize the combustion process. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that a method is used to for the operation of the engine one Emulsion of fuel / water vapor to use a.) the high combustion temperatures the water vapor in its components To decompose oxygen and hydrogen and thus a considerable increase in energy to allow the combustion process. b.) the engine with cheap, made from renewable resources Pyrolysis oil to operate, which already contains a high proportion of water and oxygen. Of the high PH value (up to 2) is due to the use of ceramic Components unproblematic. c.) the soot and pollutant formation by Optimization of the combustion process (HCCI method) to prevent. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that one is used to assist in vaporizing the fuel cold engine and microwave generator to use with about 2.5 GHz. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a method is used to provide a check valve ( 32 ) to use ceramic (ball and housing), which is therefore very resistant to heat and has very short switching times due to the absence of springs. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that a method is used to get through the piezo injection short and high injection pressures to reach at different times. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a method is used to a control piston for pressure equalization ( 15 ) in the two gas buffers ( 7 ) to ensure the synchronization of the two pistons. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a method is used to a linear motor for the control piston ( 14 ) to prevent self-oscillation and to ensure a fast response of the control. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a method is used to linear generators ( 11 ) to use a. Generate electricity and b. To force an additional synchronization of the two pistons by the two windings are connected in parallel to a consumer. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a method is used to Piezo ignition elements ( 12 ) to allow any necessary spark ignition; At the same time, they limit the minimum distance between the two pistons. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that a method is used to allow a spark over the both piston bottoms jumps and so ignites the mixture at the right time; at Use of ceramic pistons are attached to 2 electrodes in the piston. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a method is used to allow injection of the fuel via an electronic control device to be able to inject fuel at the different times of the compression process. The control takes place via the evaluation of the phase position of the voltage of the two linear generators ren, (corresponds to the current position of the two pistons).