DE102004049127B4 - Apparatus and method for determining the conductivity of a cooling medium of a fuel cell system - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for determining the conductivity of a cooling medium of a fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102004049127B4 DE102004049127B4 DE102004049127A DE102004049127A DE102004049127B4 DE 102004049127 B4 DE102004049127 B4 DE 102004049127B4 DE 102004049127 A DE102004049127 A DE 102004049127A DE 102004049127 A DE102004049127 A DE 102004049127A DE 102004049127 B4 DE102004049127 B4 DE 102004049127B4
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- fuel cell
- cooling medium
- conductivity
- resistance measuring
- poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04949—Electric variables other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04949—Electric variables other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04953—Electric variables other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Leitfähigkeit eines Kühlmediums eines Brennstoffzellensystems, umfassend eine vom Kühlmedium durchströmte Brennstoffzelle (1) mit elektrischen Polen (2, 3) und einen Wechselrichter (4) zur Umwandlung des von der Brennstoffzelle (1) erzeugten Gleichstroms in Wechselstrom, wobei mindestens mit dem Kühlmedium in Verbindung stehende Teile der Brennstoffzelle (1) zum Potentialausgleich mit einem elektrischen Masseanschluss (5) verbunden sind, wobei zur Bestimmung der Leitfähigkeit des Kühlmediums zwischen dem Masseanschluss (5) und einem der beiden Pole (2, 3) der Brennstoffzelle (1) ein Widerstandsmesselement (6) vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Widerstandsmesselement (6) als integraler Bestandteil des mit den Polen (2, 3) der Brennstoffzelle (1) elektrisch verbundenen Wechselrichters (4) ausgebildet ist.Device for determining the conductivity of a cooling medium of a fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell (1) through which the cooling medium flows and having electrical poles (2, 3) and an inverter (4) for converting the direct current generated by the fuel cell (1) into alternating current, at least with Parts of the fuel cell (1) that are connected to the cooling medium are connected to an electrical ground connection (5) for equipotential bonding, whereby to determine the conductivity of the cooling medium between the ground connection (5) and one of the two poles (2, 3) of the fuel cell (1 ) a resistance measuring element (6) is provided, characterized in that the resistance measuring element (6) is designed as an integral part of the inverter (4) electrically connected to the poles (2, 3) of the fuel cell (1).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Leitfähigkeit eines Kühlmediums eines Brennstoffzellensystems gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for determining the conductivity of a cooling medium of a fuel cell system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Ein derartiges Brennstoffzellensystem ist aus der
Der Wirkungsgrad einer Brennstoffzelle bzw. eines Brennstoffzellenstacks hängt unter anderem von der Leitfähigkeit des Kühlmediums ab. Ist die von der vorhandenen Ionenanzahl abhängige Leitfähigkeit des Kühlmedium groß, kommt es schlimmstenfalls zu einem Kurzschluss im Stack, denn das Funktionsprinzip der Brennstoffzelle bedingt eine elektrische Trennung der unterschiedlich gepolten Polplatten des Stacks. Diese elektrische Trennung ist bei hoher Leitfähigkeit des Kühlmediums, das ja zwischen den Polplatten strömt, nicht mehr gewährleistet.The efficiency of a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack depends inter alia on the conductivity of the cooling medium. If the conductivity of the cooling medium, which depends on the existing number of ions, is high, a short circuit in the stack occurs at worst, because the operating principle of the fuel cell requires electrical separation of the differently polarized pole plates of the stack. This electrical separation is no longer guaranteed with high conductivity of the cooling medium, which indeed flows between the pole plates.
Beim Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems ist also auf die Leitfähigkeit des Kühlmediums zu achten, da diese entweder zumindest den Wirkungsgrad verschlechtert, oder, wie erläutert, sogar zum Totalausfall des Stacks führt.When operating a fuel cell system, it is therefore important to pay attention to the conductivity of the cooling medium, since this either at least impairs the efficiency, or, as explained, even leads to total failure of the stack.
Aus diesem Grund ist bei der Lösung nach der
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Kühlmediums auf eine möglichst einfache Weise bestimmen zu können, um einen verschlechterten Betrieb oder gar einen Ausfall des Brennstoffzellensystems zu vermeiden.The object of the invention is to be able to determine the electrical conductivity of the cooling medium in the simplest possible way in order to avoid deteriorated operation or even failure of the fuel cell system.
Diese Aufgabe ist mit einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved with a device of the type mentioned by the features listed in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
Nach der Erfindung ist somit vorgesehen, dass das Widerstandsmesselement als integraler Bestandteil des mit den Polen der Brennstoffzelle elektrisch verbundenen Wechselrichters ausgebildet ist.According to the invention it is thus provided that the resistance measuring element is formed as an integral part of the inverter electrically connected to the poles of the fuel cell.
Wie bereits erwähnt, ist zur Bestimmung der Leitfähigkeit des Kühlmediums zwischen dem Masseanschluss und einem der beiden Pole der Brennstoffzelle ein Widerstandsmesselement vorgesehen. Da zur Messung des Widerstandes ein einfaches Widerstandsmessgerät ausreicht, das darüber hinaus auch nicht selbst mit dem Kühlmedium in Kontakt gebracht werden muss, verringert sich der konstruktive und damit auch der finanzielle Aufwand erheblich. Da der gemessene Widerstandswert im übrigen im reziproken Verhältnis zur elektrischen Leitfähigkeit steht, kann diese unmittelbar aus dem Widerstandswert ermittelt bzw. errechnet werden.As already mentioned, a resistance measuring element is provided for determining the conductivity of the cooling medium between the ground connection and one of the two poles of the fuel cell. Since a simple ohmmeter is sufficient to measure the resistance, which in addition also does not have to be brought into contact with the cooling medium itself, the constructional and thus also the financial outlay is considerably reduced. Moreover, since the measured resistance value is in reciprocal relation to the electrical conductivity, it can be determined or calculated directly from the resistance value.
Die Maßgabe, ein Widerstandsmesselement zu verwenden, umfasst dabei im übrigen sowohl die Möglichkeit, ein ohmsches Widerstandsmessgerät als auch ein sogenanntes Impedanzmessgerät zu verwenden. Ersteres Gerät kommt dann zum Einsatz, wenn die Widerstandsermittlung auf Basis eines aufgeprägten Gleichstromes erfolgt; das zweite Gerät kommt dementsprechend in Betracht, wenn die Widerstandsermittlung auf Basis eines aufgeprägten Wechselstromes erfolgt, was selbstverständlich auch möglich ist.The proviso to use a resistance measuring element includes, moreover, both the possibility of using an ohmic resistance measuring device and a so-called impedance measuring device. The first device is used when the resistance determination is based on an impressed direct current; the second device is accordingly considered when the resistance determination is based on an impressed alternating current, which of course is also possible.
Bezüglich der Stromaufbringung sei noch angemerkt, dass diese insbesondere bei einer Betriebsunterbrechung erforderlich ist, da in diesem Fall keine oder zumindest nur eine geringe Potentialdifferenzen zwischen dem Masseanschluss und den beiden Polen der Brennstoffzelle herrscht. Während des Betriebes des Brennstoffzellensystems kann dagegen beispielsweise zwischen dem Masseanschluss und einem der beiden Pole auch eine geringe Wechselspannung aufgeprägt werden. Die Leitfähigkeit des Kühlmediums läßt sich dann mittels des erwähnten Impedanzmessgerätes bestimmen.With regard to the current application, it should also be noted that this is necessary in particular in the event of an interruption in operation, since in this case there is no or at least only a small potential difference between the ground connection and the two poles of the fuel cell. By contrast, during operation of the fuel cell system, for example, a low alternating voltage can also be impressed between the ground connection and one of the two poles. The conductivity of the cooling medium can then be determined by means of the mentioned impedance meter.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims.
Der Vollständigkeit halber wird auch noch auf die
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Leitfähigkeit eines Kühlmediums eines Brennstoffzellensystems einschließlich ihrer vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen wird nachfolgend anhand der zeichnerischen Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The device according to the invention for determining the conductivity of a cooling medium of a fuel cell system including its advantageous developments is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing of an embodiment.
Es zeigtIt shows
In der einzigen
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass zur Bestimmung der Leitfähigkeit des Kühlmediums zwischen dem Masseanschluss
Wesentlich für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist nun, dass das Widerstandsmesselement
Wie bereits erwähnt, kann dabei das Widerstandsmesselement
Wie ferner eingangs erwähnt, sind Widerstandsmesselemente konstruktiv wesentlich einfacher als Leitfähigkeitssensoren an der Vorrichtung vorzusehen, insbesondere gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung, bei der das Widerstandsmesselement
Bezüglich des Kühlmediums ist vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass hierzu eine elektrisch leitende Flüssigkeit, vorzugsweise deionisiertes Wasser, verwendet wird. Steigt die Anzahl der im Wasser vorhandenen Ionen an, erhöht sich die Leitfähigkeit auf einen vordefinierten Leitfähigkeitsschwellwert. Dies wird z. B. bei einer routinemässigen Betriebsunterbrechung festgestellt. Eine entsprechend ausgebildete Sicherheitsschaltung sorgt dann zur Gewährleistung eines regulären, fehlerfreien und wirkungsgradoptimierten Betriebes dafür, dass der Betrieb der Vorrichtung mindestens solange unterbrochen ist, bis frisch deionisiertes Wasser nachgefüllt und der Widerstandswert wieder einen hinreichend hohen Wert erreicht hat.With regard to the cooling medium, it is advantageously provided that an electrically conductive liquid, preferably deionized water, is used for this purpose. If the number of ions present in the water increases, the conductivity increases to a predefined conductivity threshold value. This is z. B. found during a routine business interruption. An appropriately trained safety circuit then ensures to ensure a regular, error-free and efficiency-optimized operation that the operation of the device is interrupted at least until freshly deionized water refilled and the resistance value has reached a sufficiently high value again.
Wie erwähnt, kann die Leitfähigkeitsmessung schließlich aber auch per Impedanzmessung (bei aufgeprägtem Wechselstrom) während des Betriebs erfolgen.As mentioned above, the conductivity measurement can finally also be done by impedance measurement (with impressed alternating current) during operation.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- Brennstoffzellefuel cell
- 22
- Polpole
- 33
- Polpole
- 44
- Wechselrichterinverter
- 55
- Masseanschlussground connection
- 66
- WiderstandsmesselementResistance measuring element
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004049127A DE102004049127B4 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | Apparatus and method for determining the conductivity of a cooling medium of a fuel cell system |
PCT/DE2005/001809 WO2006039901A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2005-10-07 | Device and method for determining the conductivity of a cooling medium of a fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004049127A DE102004049127B4 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | Apparatus and method for determining the conductivity of a cooling medium of a fuel cell system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102004049127A1 DE102004049127A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
DE102004049127B4 true DE102004049127B4 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
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DE102004049127A Expired - Fee Related DE102004049127B4 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | Apparatus and method for determining the conductivity of a cooling medium of a fuel cell system |
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DE (1) | DE102004049127B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006039901A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2406847B1 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2016-09-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell assembly and method for operating a fuel cell assembly |
DE102015214956A1 (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | Volkswagen Ag | Fuel cell system and vehicle with such |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998009158A1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | The University Of Dayton | Single electrode conductivity technique |
EP1223631A2 (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2002-07-17 | General Motors Corporation | Arrangement and method for determining the electroconductivity of a coolant in a fuel cell stack by differential voltage measurements |
US20020192521A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-19 | Stephen Raiser | Electrical isolation system for a fuel cell stack and method of operating a fuel cell stack |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0992317A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-04-04 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Fuel cell power generating device |
JP3671857B2 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2005-07-13 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Conductivity management device for fuel cell system |
US6838201B2 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2005-01-04 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell stack coolant conductivity monitoring circuit |
JP4481577B2 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2010-06-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
-
2004
- 2004-10-07 DE DE102004049127A patent/DE102004049127B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-10-07 WO PCT/DE2005/001809 patent/WO2006039901A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998009158A1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | The University Of Dayton | Single electrode conductivity technique |
EP1223631A2 (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2002-07-17 | General Motors Corporation | Arrangement and method for determining the electroconductivity of a coolant in a fuel cell stack by differential voltage measurements |
US20020192521A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-19 | Stephen Raiser | Electrical isolation system for a fuel cell stack and method of operating a fuel cell stack |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102004049127A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
WO2006039901A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
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