DE102004041824B4 - Ship with a data network - Google Patents

Abstract

ship (1) with a data network (4) for transmission from the drive functions of the ship (1) serving control data and for transmission of communication and / or service data, wherein the data network (4) at least two spatially has separate autarkic subnetworks (S1 to S15), the above a main ring bus (6) communicate with each other thereby in that the subnetworks (S1 to S15) each have a Parameterizable network switch (SW1 to SW15) with the main ring bus (6), one of the network switches (SW1 to SW15) is parameterized as ring bus manager (SW9) and in a safety zone (SZ1, SZ2) with an over a safety level from other fire zones (FZ1 to FZ7) of the ship outgoing security requirement is arranged.

Description

The The invention relates to a ship with a data network for transmission from the drive functions of the ship serving control data and for transmission of communication and / or service data according to the preamble of claim 1.

At Board of a ship are a variety of automation systems over the whole ship distributed. Very few of them are connected or use the latest fiber optic technology. The shipbuilding Although developed enormously, but there are especially in the reliability with automation systems no complete solutions. The current state on board is such that at least three, on some Ships but up to eight incompatible automation systems are present next to each other. That means every automation system needs one separate cabling and a separate bus connection to the control room or the bridge, i.e. There is a high cost and workload for the individual cabling. Another disadvantage is that every automation system with works its own components and therefore does not constantly monitor can be. Since there are very few to no gateways between give to the systems the automation systems of several higher-level control systems controlled and / or monitored become.

From the international release WO 2004/26685 A2 A marine (navy) type of ship equipment system is known for electric marine (navy) craft of varying size and propulsion power. The ship has a system bus as well as three underlying sub-rings for transmission of control data serving the propulsion functions of the ship as well as for transmission of communication and / or service data via an intranet. The sub-rings in the hull areas are separate, but communicate with each other via the system bus.

Of the Invention is based on the object, the aforementioned problems to eliminate and / or mitigate.

These Task is solved by a generic ship with the characterizing features of claim 1.

The Invention solves the problem described above, by the subnetworks in each case via a parameterizable network switch with the main ring bus in conjunction stand, whereby one of the network switches is configured as a ring bus manager and in a so-called safety zone with an over the Security level of the rest Fire safety requirements of the ship is. The parameterization of a network switch as a ring bus manager open the possibility, the main ring bus in case of accident, for example, when severing the main ring bus at any Make sure to keep operating as a logical ring. The ring bus manager will be in undisturbed Operation as the only network switch open on the main ring bus. The ring bus manager has a watchdog functionality, i. as soon as the ring bus manager puts the main ring in a second position as open recognizes, closes he returns to the main ring. This monitoring ensures that even in case of damage the main ring bus does not split into two segments. Consequently even if the main ring bus is severed, all subnetworks remain connected to the main ring bus and through a server, for example a parent Process control computer, controllable and / or controllable. The single ones Automation areas, i. all these systems become one single, i. an integrated system for all tasks.

By the invention also facilitates the work for the ship's crew. An integrated data network and / or automation system integrated For example, all safety and control systems. It contains e.g. continue to provide security management, decision support, preventive Maintenance, for the control of service or comfort functions and for intelligent data storage and processing. The crew has permanent Access to critical operating information and get hints and tips, if necessary. This improves the safety of the whole Ship. The information here is in the area of the whole ship available. Notebooks or small handhelds can be connected via wireless lan (WAN) or via TCP / IP ports become.

One Data network in the context of the invention is a lot connected Subnetworks for different tasks, whereby the subnetworks or the Automation subsystems behave independently to each other and decentralized are arranged. falls So a subnetworks or an automation Subsystems is off the functionality of the overall network and / or the overall automation system not limited or changed.

self-sufficient in the context of the invention means that the subnetworks and thus the automation subsystems independent of a higher level their functionality independently can maintain especially in case of need or emergency, e.g. in case of fire and failure the higher one Level.

One Subnetwork is a network section physically separate from the rest Network is isolated (e.g., through a gateway or switch). One Switch is an electronic device for connecting subnetworks and formation of network segments.

Preferably each of the subnetworks has an independent power or backup power supply, to be able to provide for yourself when needed. For example, each one is the components of the subsystem, e.g. a programmable logic controller or a switch equipped with its own emergency power supply, e.g. with an uninterruptible battery-powered power supply.

With the data network according to the invention a communication network for the safe automation of drive control and power generation deployed on ships. By doing that, the data network at least two spatially has separate autarkic subnetworks, which have a Main ring bus related, become the strict Safety regulations for Meets ships sailing at sea.

advantageously, is each of the self-sufficient subnetworks within exactly one of the fire zones arranged without this subnetwork turning into another one Extends fire zones. This means in case of damage, for example by fire, are even at complete burn out of a fire zone the remaining subnetworks are not affected and theirs can Functions independent from the destroyed Maintained subnetworks.

In Another preferred embodiment of the invention is the network switch designed as a switch, for example as an Ethernet switch. Advantage is Hereby the physical separation of the subnetworks from the rest Data network, e.g. through optocouplers.

Conveniently, extends the main ring bus on opposite sides of the ship different decks.

Preferably is a first self-sufficient subnetwork for controlling and / or monitoring the Ship propulsion prepared. The ship propulsion system is subject to the highest safety requirements. Through the autarkic subnetwork lets the ship propulsion even in total failure of the main ring bus or the parent Serve the control level safely.

A further increase safety on ships with at least two Ship propulsion is achieved by the fact that for each of the ship propulsion Separate self-sufficient subnetwork is available.

A preferred embodiment The invention provides that a third self-sufficient subnetwork for monitoring and / or control of the steering gear is prepared. Also will be advantageously best meets special security requirements. One self-sufficient subnetwork for the rudder system guaranteed the maneuverability of the ship in case of damage. For example, the ship's rudder stands connected to the data network, wherein the control data is data for control and / or monitoring the marine propulsion and control means.

With The advantage is a fourth self-sufficient subnetwork for controlling Means prepared for energy production. For example, cruise ships have a large number of energy consumers and the vast majority of operating functions as well as service and comfort functions on e.g. electrical Energy production is dependent, here is a safe and reliable deployment of electrical energy of particular advantage. By a self-sufficient Subnetwork for Energy production ensures the energy supply for the ship. For example, there is a fuel cell system or a diesel generator system communicates with the data network, the control data Data for control and / or monitoring of the ship's energy generating means.

Preferably The subnetworks or some of the subnetworks are designed as ringbuses. These Design of subnetworks, for example as Profibus ring, and brings the preferred introduction of network switches in the subnetwork the advantages already shown in the main ring bus. Depending on infrastructure and the required features of subnetworks the network topology of the subnetworks can also be line, tree or star. Systems, such as AS-Interface, Profibus DP, Profibus for the Ex protection area, EIB (Instabus) and Industrial Ethernet come for the design the subnetworks in question.

In Another embodiment is the subnetworks or some of the subnetworks for the self-sufficient operation with a programmable logic controller and / or equipped with intelligent field devices. Preferably, each of the subnetworks has its own power or emergency power supply to self-supply when needed can. For example, each of the components of the subnetwork is one own emergency power supply equipped, e.g. with an uninterrupted Battery-powered power supply.

It is useful that the subnetworks or some of the subnetworks for autonomous operation have a local operator panel, for example an operator panel. A local operator panel provides on-site operators, for example, with all the monitoring and control options available to the master on the bridge for this subnetwork. Thus, in the event of damage, the complete control and monitoring, for example of the ship propulsion systems, can also (still) be carried out by the chief engineer in the engine room.

It is expedient that the main ring bus several over the ship distributed, preferably in terms of a distance maximization approximately equally distributed, server has.

It is expedient the servers each in a security zone with one over the Security level of the rest Fire safety requirements of the ship and / or to arrange in different fire zones. Such a server system with at least two servers preferably operates in the "hot redundancy", i.e. as soon as one Server, e.g. due to fire, fails, the other server takes over all immediately Tasks. Because the probability that both security zones are affected at the same time, is very low, this arrangement of particular advantage. Also the main ring bus becomes in particular so mislaid that in case of damage as little as possible is destroyed by the main ring bus. For example, the main ring bus is starting from the bridge the starboard side, where there is also a first safety zone, in the first server is located, by the different ones Fire zones led to the stern of the ship. On the way to the rear changes the main ring bus then e.g. the decks for added security. In the rear, in a second security zone, the second server be arranged. From the stern, the main ring bus is taken into account the susceptibility this time led to the bridge on the port side of the ship.

It is expedient the main ring bus has an optical waveguide. A main ring bus On optical fiber technology has in addition to the advantages of electrical isolation and the susceptibility to interference against EMC influences the big advantage of weight saving.

Further Details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent below explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in FIGS. there demonstrate:

1 the construction of a data network with subnetworks on the main ring bus;

2 a subnetwork for the drive control in detail.

1 shows the data network according to the invention 4 with spatially separated autarkic subnetworks S1 to S15 on a ship 1 , The ship 1 is divided into seven fire zones FZ1 to FZ7. In addition to the fire zones FZ1 to FZ7, the ship has 1 two safety zones SZ1, SZ2 ("Safety Center") A first safety zone SZ1 is located in the front part of the ship 1 and a second security zone SZ2 is located in the stern of the ship 1 , The data network 4 consists of fifteen subnetworks S1 to S15, which have over fifteen network switches SW1 to SW15 with the main ring bus 6 keep in touch. The main ring bus 6 is prepared as Industrial Ethernet with fiber optic cable. The main ring bus 6 is approved as a marine duplex fiber optic cable, especially for fixed installation on ships and offshore units in all rooms and on open decks. The network switches SW1 to SW15 are designed as Industrial Ethernet Optical Switch modules. The network switches SW1 to SW15 physically decouple the subnetworks S1 to S15 from the main ring bus 6 and ensure that local traffic remains local by filtering traffic with the Ethernet MAC addresses of the terminals. Only data to subscribers of another subnetwork S1 to S15 are forwarded. This filtering increases network performance.

A first subnetwork S1 in the fire zone FZ6 is for the first ship propulsion 12 prepared. The first ship propulsion 12 consists of its electric motor of the drive shaft and its propeller. A second subnetwork S2 is for the second ship propulsion 14 prepared. The subnetworks S1 and S2 for the drive control and monitoring of the marine propulsion systems 12 and 14 are arranged within exactly one of the fire zones FZ6, without the subnetworks S1, S2 extending into another of the fire zones FZ1 to FZ5 and FZ7. The subnetworks S1, S2 are connected to the main ring bus via the network switches SW1, SW2 6 in connection.

A third subnetwork S3 is for the rudder system 16 prepared and stands over the network switch SW3 with the main ring bus 6 in connection.

A fourth subnetwork S4 is for power generation 18 prepared and stands over the network switch SW4 with the main ring bus 6 in connection. In particular, the subnetworks S1, S2, S3 and S4 are prepared for self-sufficient and local operation. This means that each of these subnetworks is, for example, programmable logic controllers PLC, intelligent field devices IF, automation components in general and local operator panels 20 prepared. A local operator panel 20 , drawn by way of example in the subnetwork S14 in fire zone FZ6, is required for the local operating mode of a subsystem.

A first server 24 is located on the bridge in the safety zone SZ1. Subnetwork S9 and the server 24 are via a network switch with special function, namely a ring bus manager SW9 to the main ring bus 6 coupled. A second server 26 is located in the safety zone SZ2, which in turn is located in the fire zone FZ7. Also the second server 26 is like the subnet S15 via the network switch SW15 with the main ring bus 6 connected. The two servers 24 . 26 form a redundant higher-level control level. It is especially important that the redundant server 24 . 26 in different places on the ship 1 are accommodated and in addition in one over the security level of the remaining fire zones FZ1 to FZ7 of the ship 1 safety requirements, in so-called safety centers, are arranged. The redundant control system operation of the server 24 and 26 allows one of the two servers even if it fails completely 24 . 26 continue the faultless operation of the entire ship. The network switch with special function, the ring bus manager SW9, becomes the ring bus or redundancy manager via switch parameterization. The ring bus manager SW9 monitors the data traffic in the main ring bus 6 and will be open on the main ring bus 6 operated. Should now by a fault, the main ring bus 6 be separated at another point, the ring bus manager SW9 closes the main ring bus 6 again. This configuration of a network switch to the ring bus manager SW9 avoids the fact that the main ring bus 6 decays into two uncontrollable network segments.

2 shows the subnetwork S1 and the subnetwork S2 for the respective control of the marine propulsion systems 12 and 14 in detail. The subnetworks S1, S2 are each designed as Profibusring. The Profibus ring PEPS of the first subnetwork S1 is in copper technology for the automation components for drive control and monitoring of the first ship propulsion 12 prepared. The Profibus ring PEPS is connected to the main ring bus via the network switch SW1 6 connected. A local operator panel for BTA drives is connected to the Profibus ring PEPS via a first input / output module IO1.

The autonomous operation of subnetwork S1 is made possible by the use of a programmable logic controller SPSA1. The programmable logic controller SPSA1 controls the functions of the field devices C1, C2, E1 and E2. A first motor controller C1 and a second motor controller C2 provide the desired control of the drive 12 , The engine control units C1, C2 receive their setting commands from the programmable logic controller SPSA1 via the port side bus PEPS. The first exciter controller E1 and the second exciter controller E2 also receive their actuating and setpoint variables via the Profibus ring PEPS on the port side. Dynamic input or output variables, eg those of the drive 12 , IO2, IO3 are received via input / output modules and fed into the Profibus ring PEPS, thus the control data and / or monitoring data return to the programmable logic controller SPSA1 and can be evaluated there and possibly passed on via the network switch SW1 in the management level.

For a power failure in subnet S1, an uninterruptible power supply UPS1 is available. The uninterruptible power supply switches on immediately when a current fluctuation is detected. Like the other field devices, the uninterruptible power supply UPS1 is connected to the Profibus ring PEPS. The uninterruptible power supply USV1 sets a signal for the remaining field components, in particular for the programmable logic controller SPSA1, in the event of a power failure. With this signal, all field components of the emergency operation are signaled and it can be switched to the emergency program with battery operation. Subnetwork S2 for ship propulsion 14 is constructed analogously to the subnetwork S1.

Claims (14)

Ship ( 1 ) with a data network ( 4 ) for the transmission of the propulsion functions of the ship ( 1 ) and for transmission of communication and / or service data, wherein the data network ( 4 ) has at least two spatially separated autonomous subnetworks (S1 to S15) which are connected via a main ring bus ( 6 ) are interconnected, characterized in that the subnetworks (S1 to S15) each have a parameterizable network switch (SW1 to SW15) with the main ring bus ( 6 ), one of the network switches (SW1 to SW15) being parameterized as a ring bus manager (SW9) and arranged in a security zone (SZ1, SZ2) with a security requirement exceeding a security level of other fire zones (FZ1 to FZ7) of the ship. Ship ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the self-sufficient subnetworks (S1 to S15) is arranged within exactly one of the fire zones (FZ1 to FZ7), without that subnetwork (S1 to S15) moving into another of the fire zones (FZ1 to FZ7 ). Ship ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the network switch (SW1 to SW15) as a switch, for example, an Ethernet switch, is formed. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the main ring bus ( 6 ) runs on opposite sides of the ship on different decks. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a first self-sufficient subnetwork (S1) for controlling and / or monitoring the ship propulsion ( 12 . 14 ) is prepared. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least two ship propulsion systems ( 12 . 14 ) for each of the marine engines ( 12 . 14 ) a separate self-sufficient subnetwork (S1 or S2) is present. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a third self-sufficient subnetwork (S3) for monitoring and / or control of the steering gear ( 16 ) is prepared. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a fourth self-sufficient subnetwork (S4) for controlling means for generating energy ( 18 ) is prepared. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the subnetworks (S1 to S15) or some of the subnetworks (S1 to S15) as a ring bus ( 19 ) are executed. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the subnetworks (S1 to S15) or some of the subnetworks (S1 to S15) for self-sufficient operation with a programmable logic controller (PLC) and / or equipped with intelligent field devices (IF) are. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the subnetworks (S1 to S15) or some of the subnetworks (S1 to S15) for self-sufficient operation a local control panel ( 20 ), for example an operator panel. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the main ring bus ( 6 ) several over the ship ( 1 ) distributed, preferably in terms of a distance maximization in approximately evenly distributed server ( 24 . 26 ) having. Ship ( 1 ) according to claim 12, characterized in that the servers ( 24 . 26 ) in each case in a safety zone (SZ1, SZ2) with an above the safety level of the other fire zones (FZ1 to FZ7) of the ship (SZ1, SZ2) 1 ) safety requirement and / or in different fire zones (FZ1 to FZ7) are arranged. Ship ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the main ring bus ( 6 ) has an optical waveguide (LWL).