DE102004041506A1 - Multiple stage gearing system for an automatic gearbox for vehicles comprises a driveshaft and a driven shaft arranged in a housing, planetary sets, rotating shafts and switching elements - Google Patents

Abstract

Multiple stage gearing system comprises a driveshaft (1) and a driven shaft (2) arranged in a housing (G), planetary sets (P1, P2, P3, P4), six rotating shafts and switching elements (03, 14, 46, 47, 45). Preferred Features: The first, second and fourth planetary sets are formed as minus planetary wheel sets and the third planetary set is formed as a plus planetary wheel set. The planetary sets are arranged in the sequence P1, P2, P4, P3 behind each other in the axial direction and in the power flow direction. The driveshaft is separated from the drive motor of the vehicle by a coupling element.

Description

The The present invention relates to a planetary multi-speed transmission, in particular an automatic transmission for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1

Automatic transmission, especially for Motor vehicles, according to the prior art comprise planetary gear sets by means of friction or switching elements, such as clutches and Brakes are switched and usually with a slip action and optionally with a lockup clutch provided starting element, such as a hydrodynamic torque converter or a fluid coupling are connected.

Such a transmission goes out of the EP 0 434 525 A1 out. It essentially comprises a drive shaft and an output shaft, which are arranged parallel to one another, arranged concentrically to the output shaft, formed as a two-track four-shaft planetary gear and connectable to the drive shaft main gear, connected to the drive shaft and connectable to the main gearset and five Switching elements in the form of three clutches and two brakes whose optional blocking determines in pairs the different gear ratios between the drive shaft and the output shaft. Here, the transmission has two power paths, so that six forward gears are achieved by the selective pairwise intervention of the five switching elements.

in this connection At the first power path, two clutches are transmitted of the torque from the transfer gearset to two elements of the main gearset needed. These are in the direction of power flow substantially behind the transfer gear arranged in the direction of the main gear. In the second performance path is another coupling provided, this with another Element of the main gearset detachable combines. Here, the couplings are arranged such that the Inner disk carrier forms the output.

Furthermore, from the document US 6,139,463 a compact planetary multi-speed transmission, in particular for a motor vehicle, which has two coupled planetary gear sets and a Vorschaltradsatz and three clutches and two brakes. In this known multistage transmission, two clutches C-1 and C-3 are provided for transmitting the torque from the transfer gearset to the two coupled planetary gear sets in a first power path. Here, the outer disk carrier or the cylinder or piston and pressure equalization side of the clutch C-3 is connected to a first brake B-1. In addition, the inner disk carrier of the third clutch C-3 is connected to the cylinder or piston and pressure equalization side of the first clutch C-1, wherein the inner disk carrier of the first clutch C-1 is arranged on the output side and is connected to a sun gear of the third planetary gear set.

Furthermore, from the DE 199 49 507 A1 the Applicant a multi-speed transmission, in which two non-shiftable Vorschaltradsätze are provided on the drive shaft, the output side generate two speeds, which in addition to the speed of the drive shaft selectively acting on the output shaft, switchable, multi-member main planetary gear set by selectively closing the switching elements used switchable are that for switching from one gear to the next higher or lower gear from the two currently operated switching elements only one switching element must be switched on or off.

From the DE 199 12 480 A1 is an automatically switchable motor vehicle transmission with three single-planetary gear sets and three brakes and two clutches for switching six forward gears and one reverse gear and with a drive and an output shaft known. The automatically switchable motor vehicle transmission is designed such that the drive shaft is connected directly to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set and that the drive shaft via the first clutch to the sun gear of the first planetary gear set and / or via the second clutch to the web of the first planetary gear set is connectable. Additionally or alternatively, the sun gear of the first planetary gear set via the first brake with the housing of the transmission and / or the web of the first planetary gear set via the second brake to the housing and / or the sun gear of the third planetary gear set via the third brake with the housing connectable.

Furthermore, from the DE 102 13 820 A1 a multi-speed automatic transmission is known, comprising a first input path T1 of a first Übersetzungsverhättnisses; an input path T2 having a larger gear ratio than this input path T1; a four-element planetary gear set, the four elements being a first element, a second element, a third element and a fourth element in the order of the elements in a speed diagram; a clutch C-2 which transmits rotation of the input path T2 to the first element S3; a clutch C-1 which transmits the rotation from the input path T2 to the fourth element S2; a clutch C-4, the one Transmits rotation from the input path T1 to the first element; a clutch C-3 which transmits the rotation from the input path T1 to the second element C3; a brake B-1 which establishes the engagement of the fourth element; a brake B-2 which makes the engagement of the second member; and an output member coupled to the third element R3.

As part of the DE 101 15 983 A1 the applicant is described a multi-speed transmission, with a drive shaft which is connected to a ballast, with a drive shaft which is connected to a rear-set, and with a maximum of seven switching elements, by the selective switching of at least seven forward gears are switched without a group circuit. The ballast is formed from a planetary gearset or a maximum of two non-switchable, coupled with the first planetary gearset planetary gear sets, the rear-set is designed as a two-track four-shaft transmission with two switchable rear-mounted Planetenradsätzen and four free waves. The first free shaft of this two-gear four-shaft transmission is connected to the first switching element, the second free shaft with the second and third switching element, the third free shaft with the fourth and fifth switching element and the fourth free shaft is connected to the output shaft. For a multi-speed transmission with a total of six switching elements, the invention proposes to additionally connect the third free shaft or the first free shaft of the secondary set with a sixth switching element. For a multi-speed transmission with a total of seven switching elements, the invention proposes to additionally connect the third free shaft with a sixth switching element (D ') and the first free shaft additionally with a seventh switching element.

Furthermore, under the DE 101 15 987 the applicant described a multi-speed transmission with eight gears. In addition to the drive shaft and the output shaft, this transmission consists of a shiftable transfer gearset and a shiftable rear-mounted gearset. The Vorschaltradsatz consists of a first planetary gear, which in addition to the input speed of the drive shaft offers a second speed, which can be selectively switched to a Nachschaltradsatz. The secondary gearset consists of two coupled planetary gear sets. Using two power paths and six switching elements, eight forward gears can be switched without a group circuit. An 8-speed multi-speed transmission is also from the DE 29 36 969 known; It includes eight shift elements and four wheelsets.

Automatically switchable vehicle transmissions in planetary construction are in general already described many times in the prior art and subject to a permanent development and improvement. So should this Transmission a sufficient number of forward gears and a reverse gear and one for Motor vehicles very well suitable translation with a high Overall spread as well as favorable increments exhibit. Furthermore, these should have a high starting ratio in the forward direction enable and a direct gear included and for use in both passenger cars be suitable as well as commercial vehicles. Furthermore should this gear a low construction cost, especially one require low number of switching elements and at sequential Switching mode avoid double switching, so that in circuits changed in defined gear groups only one switching element in each case becomes.

Of the present invention is based on the object, a multi-step transmission to propose the type mentioned, in which optimizes the construction cost and also the efficiency in the main gears in terms the drag and gearing losses is improved. In addition, should in the multi-stage transmission according to the invention small moments act on the switching elements and planetary gear sets and the speeds of the shafts, switching elements and planetary gear sets as possible be kept low. Furthermore, the number of gears as well increases the gear spread be, so that advantageously seven or eight forward gears and at least one reverse are feasible. Furthermore should the transmission of the invention for any Design suitable for a vehicle, especially for a front-transverse arrangement.

These The object is achieved by the Characteristics of claim 1 solved. Further advantages and advantageous Embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Therefore is a multi-stage transmission according to the invention proposed in planetary design, which has a drive shaft and an output shaft which are arranged in a housing. Furthermore are at least four planetary gear sets, hereinafter referred to as first, second, third and fourth planetary gear set denotes at least seven rotatable shafts - hereinafter referred to as drive shaft, output shaft, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh wave - and at least five switching elements, comprising brakes and clutches, whose selective engagement different gear ratios between the drive shaft and the output shaft causes, so that preferably seven or eight forward gears and at least one reverse gear are feasible.

in this connection is the drive shaft constantly with the ring gear of the first planetary gear set and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set and connected via a clutch with the fourth Shaft detachable connectable, which constantly is connected to the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set, wherein the fourth wave over another clutch with the constantly connected to the bridge of the third planetary gear set sixth wave, via a another clutch with the constantly seventh connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set Wave and over another clutch with the fifth Shaft detachable is connectable. The fifth Wave is according to the invention constantly with the bridge of the second planetary gear set and the bridge of the first planetary gear set connected, wherein the third wave is constantly connected to the ring gear of the fourth Planet set connected and over a brake to the housing can be coupled, the sun gear of the first planetary gear set rotationally with the housing is connected and wherein the output shaft is constantly connected to the ring gear of the second Planet set, the bridge of the fourth planetary gear set and the ring gear the third planetary gear set is connected.

By the embodiment of the invention Multi-speed transmissions are particularly suitable for passenger cars suitable translations and a significant increase the overall spread of the multi-speed transmission, creating an improvement driving comfort and a significant reduction in consumption causes become.

Furthermore is the multi-stage transmission according to the invention by a small number of switching elements, preferably one Brake and four clutches, the construction cost significantly reduced. Advantageously, it is with the ertindungsgemäßen multistage transmission possible, a start with a hydrodynamic converter, an external Starting clutch or with other suitable external starting elements perform. It is also conceivable to start a process with an integrated in the transmission To allow starting element. Preferably, a switching element, which is in the first forward gear and in reverse actuated becomes.

Furthermore results in the inventive multi-step transmission good efficiency in the main drives due to low drag and gearing losses.

Of further are low moments in the switching elements and in the planetary gear sets of the multi-speed transmission, whereby the wear in the Multi-step transmission is advantageously reduced. Further is due to the low moments a correspondingly small dimensions allows whereby the needed Space and the corresponding costs are reduced. Furthermore are also low speeds in the waves, the switching elements and the planetary gear sets in front.

Besides that is the transmission according to the invention designed such that adaptability to different powertrain configurations both in power flow direction as well as in space is possible; it is e.g. possible, that drive and output are provided on the same side of the housing are.

The Invention will be exemplified below with reference to the drawings explained in more detail. In these represent:

1 a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a multi-speed transmission according to the invention;

2 an exemplary circuit diagram for the multi-speed transmission according to the invention according to 1 in the case of the seven-speed version; and

3 an exemplary circuit diagram for the multi-speed transmission according to the invention according to 1 in the case of the eight-speed version.

In 1 is an inventive multi-stage transmission with a drive shaft 1 and an output shaft 2 shown, which are arranged in a housing G. There are four planetary gear sets P1, P2, P3, P4 provided, which are arranged one after the other in the order P1, P2, P4, P3 in the axial direction (and also in the power flow direction). Here, the planetary gear sets P1, P2, P4, preferably designed as negative planetary gear sets; the third planetary gear set P3 is designed as a plus planetary gear set. As is well known, a minus planetary gearset has planetary gears that mesh with sun gear and ring gear of this planetary gearset. In contrast, a plus planetary gear in Doppelpla netenbauweise running with meshing, inner and outer planetary gears, the inner planetary gears additionally mesh with the sun gear and the outer planetary gears in addition to the ring gear of this planetary gearset.

How out 1 can be seen, only five switching elements, namely a brake 03 and four clutches 14 . 45 . 46 and 47 intended. Preferably, the clutches are designed as multi-plate clutches.

With these switching elements a selective switching of seven or eight forward gears and one reverse gear can be realized. The multi-speed transmission according to the invention has a total of seven rotatable waves, namely the waves 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 and 7 ,

According to the invention in the multi-stage transmission according to 1 provided that the drive through the shaft 1 takes place, which is constantly connected to the ring gear of the first planetary gear set P1 and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set P3 and the clutch 14 with the wave 4 is releasably connectable, which is constantly connected to the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set P4. According to the invention, the shaft 4 over the clutch 46 with the shaft constantly connected to the bridge of the third planetary set P3 6 , about the clutch 47 with the shaft continuously connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gearset P2 7 and over the clutch 45 with the wave 5 detachably connectable, the shaft 5 is constantly connected to the web of the second planetary gear set P2 and the web of the first planetary gear set P1. Furthermore, the wave 3 constantly connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set P4 and the brake 03 can be coupled to the housing G. The sun gear of the first planetary gearset P1 is over a shaft 0 rotationally connected to the housing G. The output is via the shaft 2 , which is constantly connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear set P2, the land of the fourth planetary gear set P4 and the ring gear of the third planetary gear set P3.

Here are the couplings 45 . 47 and 14 Viewed radially, substantially superimposed and axially disposed between the second planetary gear set P2 and the fourth planetary gear set P4. The coupling 46 is axially disposed between the fourth planetary gear set P4 and the third planetary gear set P3.

The spatial Arrangement of the switching elements within the transmission can be arbitrary be limited only by the dimensions and the external shape of the gear housing G.

In 2 is an exemplary circuit diagram of the multi-speed transmission according to the invention according to 1 shown in the seven-speed version. For each gear two switching elements are closed. Exemplary values for the respective gear ratios i of the individual gear ratios and the incremental steps φ to be determined from them can also be taken from the shift pattern. Furthermore, it can be seen from the circuit diagram that in the case of sequential switching mode, double circuits or group circuits are avoided, since two adjacent gear stages share a switching element. The seventh gear is preferably designed as a direct gear.

The first gear is obtained by closing the brake 03 and the clutch 45 , the second gear by closing the brake 03 and the clutch 14 , the third gear by closing the brake 03 and the clutch 47 and the fourth gear by closing the clutches 14 and 47 , Furthermore, there is the fifth gear by closing the clutches 45 and 47 , the sixth gear by closing the clutches 45 and 46 and the seventh gear by closing the clutches 14 and 46 , As can be seen from the wiring diagram, the reverse gear is obtained by closing the brake 03 and the clutch 46 ,

The transmission according to the invention can also be operated as an eight-speed transmission. An exemplary shift pattern for the eight-speed version is the subject of 3 , Here, the first five gears correspond to the first five gears according to the wiring diagram 2 and the corridors 7 and 8th the hallways 6 and 7 according to the wiring diagram 2 , wherein the sixth gear by closing the clutches 46 and 47 results. Here, the eighth gear is designed as a direct gear.

According to the invention, a starting of the motor vehicle with a switching element integrated in the transmission is possible. Here, a switching element is particularly suitable, which is needed in first gear and in reverse, so here preferably the brake 03 ,

According to the invention can even with the same transmission scheme, depending on the stationary gear ratio the individual planetary gear sets, different gear steps result, so that an application or vehicle-specific variation allows becomes.

It is also possible additional at each suitable point of the multi-speed transmission To provide freewheels, for example, between a shaft and the housing, or possibly two shafts connect to.

On the drive side or on the output side can according to the invention an axle differential and / or a distribution differential can be arranged.

In the context of an advantageous development, the drive shaft 1 be separated by a coupling element of a drive motor as needed, with a hydrodynamic converter, a hydraulic clutch, a dry starting clutch, a wet starting clutch, a magnetic powder clutch or a centrifugal clutch can be used as a coupling element. It is also possible to arrange such a starting element in the power flow direction behind the transmission, in which case the drive shaft 1 constantly connected to the crankshaft of the engine.

The The inventive multi-step transmission also allows the Arrangement of a torsional vibration damper between engine and transmission.

In the context of a further, not shown embodiment of the invention can on each shaft, preferably on the drive shaft 1 or the output shaft 2 , a wear-free brake, such as a hydraulic or electric retarder or the like, be arranged, which is particularly important for use in commercial vehicles of particular importance. Furthermore, to drive additional units on each shaft, preferably on the drive shaft 1 or the output shaft 2 be provided a power take-off.

The used switching elements can be designed as a load-shifting clutches or brakes. Especially can frictional Clutches or brakes, such as Multi-disc clutches, band brakes and / or cone clutches. Furthermore, as Switching elements also form-fitting Brakes and / or clutches, e.g. Synchronizations or jaw couplings used become.

One Another advantage of the presented here multistage transmission consists in that on each wave as a generator and / or as an additional Drive machine is an electric machine attachable.

Of course, too any constructive training, especially any spatial Arrangement of planetary gear sets and the switching elements themselves and each other and as far as technically useful, within the scope of the present claims, without to influence the function of the transmission, as stated in the claims, even if these trainings are not explicitly in the figures or are shown in the description.

0

wave

1

wave

2

wave

3

wave

4

wave

5

wave

6

wave

7

wave

03

brake

14

first clutch

45

fourth clutch

46

second clutch

47

third clutch

P1

first planetary set

P2

second planetary set

P3

third planetary set

P4

fourth planetary set

i

translation

φ

increment

G

casing

Claims (24)

Multi-stage transmission in planetary construction, in particular automatic transmission for a motor vehicle, comprising a drive shaft ( 1 ) and an output shaft ( 2 ), which are arranged in a housing (G), four planetary gear sets (P1, P2, P3, P4), at least seven rotatable shafts ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 ) and at least five switching elements ( 03 . 14 . 46 . 47 . 45 ), whose selective engagement different transmission ratios between the drive shaft ( 1 ) and the output shaft ( 2 ), so that seven or eight forward gears and one reverse gear are feasible, wherein the drive shaft ( 1 ) is continuously connected to the ring gear of the first planetary gear set (P1) and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set (P3) and via a first clutch ( 14 ) with the wave ( 4 ) is releasably connectable, which is constantly connected to the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4), wherein the shaft ( 4 ) via a second clutch ( 46 ) with the shaft permanently connected to the web of the third planetary gear set (P3) ( 6 ), via a third clutch ( 47 ) with the shaft permanently connected to the sun gear of the second planetary gear set (P2) ( 7 ) and via a fourth clutch ( 45 ) with the wave ( 5 ) is releasably connectable, wherein the shaft ( 5 ) is constantly connected to the web of the second planetary gear set (P2) and the web of the first planetary gear set (P1), wherein the shaft ( 3 ) permanently connected to the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set (P4) and via a brake ( 03 ) to the housing (G) is coupled, the sun gear of the first planetary gear set (P1) rotationally fixed to the housing (G) is connected, and wherein the output shaft ( 2 ) is continuously connected to the ring gear of the second planetary gear set (P2), the land of the fourth planetary gear set (P4) and the ring gear of the third planetary gear set (P3). Multi-step transmission according to Claim 1, characterized that the first, second and fourth planetary gear set (P1, P2, P4) as Negative planetary gear trains formed are and that the third planetary set (P3) as plus planetary gear set is trained. Multi-step transmission according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the planetary gear sets (P1, P2, P3, P4) in the Order P1, P2, P4, P3 consecutively in the axial direction and are also arranged in the direction of force flow. Multi-step transmission according to claim 3, characterized marked-records that the fourth, third and first clutch ( 45 . 47 . 14 ) viewed radially are substantially one above the other and axially disposed between the second planetary gear set (P2) and the fourth planetary gear set (P4) are arranged. Multi-step transmission according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the second clutch ( 46 ) axially disposed between the fourth planetary gear set (P4) and the third planetary gear set (P3) is arranged. Multi-speed transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that seven forward gears are switchable, wherein the first gear by closing the brake ( 03 ) and the fourth clutch ( 45 ), the second gear by closing the brake ( 03 ) and the first clutch ( 14 ), the third gear by closing the brake ( 03 ) and the third clutch ( 47 ), the fourth gear by closing the first and third clutch ( 14 . 47 ), the fifth gear by closing the fourth and second clutch ( 45 . 47 ), the sixth gear by closing the fourth and second clutch ( 45 . 46 ) and the seventh gear by closing the first and second clutch ( 14 . 46 ). Multi-speed transmission according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that eight forward gears are switchable, wherein the first gear by closing the brake ( 03 ) and the fourth clutch ( 45 ), the second gear by closing the brake ( 03 ) and the first clutch ( 14 ), the third gear by closing the brake ( 03 ) and the third clutch ( 47 ), the fourth gear by closing the first and third clutch ( 14 . 47 ), the fifth gear by closing the fourth and third clutch ( 45 . 47 ), the sixth gear by closing the second and third clutch ( 46 . 47 ), the seventh gear by closing the fourth and second clutch ( 45 . 46 ) and the eighth gear by closing the first and second clutch ( 14 . 46 ). Multi-speed transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reverse gear by closing the brake ( 03 ) and the second clutch ( 46 ). Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that additional at each suitable location freewheels can be used. Multi-speed transmission according to claim 9, characterized in that the freewheels between the bets ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 ) and the housing (G) are provided. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that drive and output on the same side of the housing are provided. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an axle and / or a distributor differential is arranged on the drive side or the output side. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive shaft ( 1 ) Is separable by a coupling element of a drive motor of the motor vehicle. Multi-step transmission according to Claim 13, characterized in that a hydrodynamic converter, a hydraulic coupling, a dry starting clutch, a wet starting clutch, a magnetic powder clutch or a centrifugal clutch is provided. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the direction of power flow behind the transmission, an external starting element, in particular according to claim 13 or 14, can be arranged, wherein the drive shaft ( 1 ) is fixedly connected to a crankshaft of the drive motor. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the starting of the motor vehicle by means of a gear-internal switching element, in particular by means of the brake ( 03 ) of the transmission, wherein the drive shaft ( 1 ) is constantly connected to the crankshaft of the drive motor. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a torsional vibration damper can be arranged between the engine and the transmission is. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that on each shaft a wear-free brake can be arranged. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that to drive additional units on each shaft a power take-off can be arranged. Multi-speed transmission according to claim 19, characterized in that the power take-off on the drive shaft ( 1 ) or the output shaft ( 2 ) can be arranged. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching elements are designed as load-shifting clutches or brakes. Multi-step transmission according to Claim 21, characterized that multi-plate clutches, band brakes and / or cone clutches used are. Multi-step transmission according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that form-locking brakes as switching elements and / or couplings are provided. Multi-step transmission according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that on each shaft as a generator and / or as additional Drive machine is an electric machine attachable.