DE102004018493A1 - Zero emission vehicle and power aggregate, comprising solid oxide fuel cell and gas separation unit - Google Patents
Zero emission vehicle and power aggregate, comprising solid oxide fuel cell and gas separation unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102004018493A1 DE102004018493A1 DE102004018493A DE102004018493A DE102004018493A1 DE 102004018493 A1 DE102004018493 A1 DE 102004018493A1 DE 102004018493 A DE102004018493 A DE 102004018493A DE 102004018493 A DE102004018493 A DE 102004018493A DE 102004018493 A1 DE102004018493 A1 DE 102004018493A1
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- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- gases
- gas
- reformer
- fuel
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Zum Schutz der Umwelt oder in geschlossenen Räumen ist es wünschenswert, Kraftfahrzeuge und andere Anlagen emissionsfrei zu betreiben. Dies ist heute bereits möglich, wenn man reinen Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff als Brenngas bzw. Oxidationsmittel in Brennstoffzellen verwendet; deren Herstellung ist aber selbst sehr energieaufwändig, und die elektrischen Wirkungsgrade von Brennstoffzellen entsprechen heute noch bei weitem nicht den theoretisch möglichen Werten. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, mit den üblichen in Fahrzeugen und stationären Aggregaten verwendeten Brennstoffen wie Erdgas, Benzin, Diesel oder festen Brennstoffen mit hohem Wirkungsgrad Strom für einen Antrieb ohne Emissionen zu erzeugen. Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß die Brennstoffe in einer Wasserdampfvergasung/Reformierung mit der Abwärme einer SOFC-Solid Oxide Fuel Cell im Wesentlichen in CO und H2 umgewandelt werden. Die SOFC wandelt CO und H2 mit einem Wirkungsgrad von ca. 50% in Strom und Abwärme um. Da aber für die Wasserdampfvergasung/Reformierung ca. 40% der Energie des Ausgangsbrennstoffs an Wärme zugeführt werden müssen und dann entsprechend im CO und H2 ca. 140% Heizwert des ursprünglichen Brennstoffes enthalten sind, produziert die SOFC ca. 70% Strom und 70% Abwärme (jeweils bezogen auf den ursprünglichen Brennstoff), von der 40% zur Wasserdampfvergasung/Reformierung verwendet und nur 30% teilweise weiterverwendet bzw. nach außen abgegeben werden (vereinfacht dargestellt).To protect the environment or indoors, it is desirable to operate motor vehicles and other facilities without emissions. This is already possible today when pure hydrogen and oxygen are used as fuel gas or oxidant in fuel cells; However, their production is itself very energy-intensive, and the electrical efficiencies of fuel cells today are still far from the theoretically possible values. The invention has for its object to generate with the usual used in vehicles and stationary units fuels such as natural gas, gasoline, diesel or solid fuels with high efficiency electricity for a drive without emissions. According to the invention, this is achieved by converting the fuels in a steam gasification / reforming with the waste heat of an SOFC solid oxide fuel cell essentially into CO and H 2 . The SOFC converts CO and H 2 into electricity and waste heat with an efficiency of approx. 50%. However, since about 40% of the energy of the starting fuel has to be supplied to heat for the steam gasification / reforming, and accordingly approximately 140% calorific value of the original fuel is contained in the CO and H 2 , the SOFC produces about 70% of electricity and 70%. Waste heat (in each case based on the original fuel) of which 40% is used for steam gasification / reforming and only 30% partially reused or discharged to the outside (shown in simplified form).
Die SOFC-Membran ist nur für Sauerstoffionen durchlässig, so daß auf der Kathodenseite O2-arme Luft an die Atmosphäre abgegeben werden kann und nur das Anodenabgas die Abgase, d.h. CO2 und H2O enthält und in geringen Mengen weitere Schadstoffe wie NOx und SOx etc., soweit sie im ursprünglichen Brennstoff enthalten waren und unverbrauchtes Brenngas. Nach einer Kondensation des nicht für die Wasserdampfvergasung benötigten Wasserdampfes, kann das CO2 und andere Gase getrennt oder zusammen mit dem kondensierten Wasser in einen Behälter gedrückt werden, der beim Tankvorgang im Gegenzug entleert wird. Ein getrennter Wasserbehälter kann natürlich auch beim Tanken entleert werden. Die Abtrennung des für die Vergasung benötigten Wasserdampfes und der unverbrannten Brenngase kann mit bekannten Gastrennverfahren (Absorption, Adsorption, Membran, Abkühlung) ganz oder teilweise in der Anlage selbst erfolgen oder auch in Großanlagen, die das an der Tankstelle zurückgegebene Gas bzw. Gas-Wasser-Gemisch aufarbeiten. Bei Verwendung z.B. von Methan als Brennstoff entsteht durch die Verbrennung des Methans das gleiche Volumen an CO2, so daß ein Tank mit 2 Kammern mit verschieblicher Wand (Kolben) verwendet werden kann, wobei bei der Nutzung des Methans der Kolben die Methankammer verkleinert und die CO2-Kammer um das gleiche Volumen vergrößert und beim Tanken dieser Vorgang umgekehrt abläuft.The SOFC membrane is permeable only to oxygen ions, so that on the cathode side O 2 -marble air can be released to the atmosphere and only the anode exhaust gases, ie CO 2 and H 2 O contains and in small quantities more pollutants such as NO x and SO x etc., as far as they were contained in the original fuel and unused fuel gas. After condensation of the water vapor not required for steam gasification, the CO 2 and other gases can be separated or forced together with the condensed water into a container, which in turn is emptied during refueling. A separate water tank can of course be emptied when refueling. The separation of the water vapor required for the gasification and the unburned fuel gases can take place with known gas separation processes (absorption, adsorption, membrane, cooling) wholly or partly in the plant itself or in large plants, the gas returned at the gas station or gas water Work up the mixture. When using, for example, methane as fuel produced by the combustion of methane, the same volume of CO 2 , so that a tank with 2 chambers with sliding wall (piston) can be used, with the use of methane, the piston reduces the methane chamber and the CO 2 chamber increased by the same volume and when refueling this process is reversed.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004018493A DE102004018493A1 (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2004-04-14 | Zero emission vehicle and power aggregate, comprising solid oxide fuel cell and gas separation unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004018493A DE102004018493A1 (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2004-04-14 | Zero emission vehicle and power aggregate, comprising solid oxide fuel cell and gas separation unit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102004018493A1 true DE102004018493A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
Family
ID=35219794
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004018493A Withdrawn DE102004018493A1 (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2004-04-14 | Zero emission vehicle and power aggregate, comprising solid oxide fuel cell and gas separation unit |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE102004018493A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013009244A1 (en) | 2013-06-01 | 2014-12-04 | Ulrike Krewer | Zero emission drive with fuel cell and CO2 capture |
WO2018210761A1 (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-11-22 | Cfd Consultants Gmbh | System comprising a redox flow battery |
DE102020122080A1 (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2022-02-24 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell stack for a solid oxide fuel cell device |
-
2004
- 2004-04-14 DE DE102004018493A patent/DE102004018493A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013009244A1 (en) | 2013-06-01 | 2014-12-04 | Ulrike Krewer | Zero emission drive with fuel cell and CO2 capture |
WO2018210761A1 (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-11-22 | Cfd Consultants Gmbh | System comprising a redox flow battery |
DE102020122080A1 (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2022-02-24 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell stack for a solid oxide fuel cell device |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
OR8 | Request for search as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
8105 | Search report available | ||
8120 | Willingness to grant licences paragraph 23 | ||
8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: LEITHNER, REINHARD, PROF. DR. TECHN., 38124 BR, DE |
|
R081 | Change of applicant/patentee |
Owner name: LEITHNER, REINHARD, PROF. DR. TECHN., DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET BRAUNSCHWEIG, 38106 BRAUNSCHWEIG, DE Effective date: 20110406 |
|
R005 | Application deemed withdrawn due to failure to request examination |
Effective date: 20110415 |