DE10140192C1 - Building parameter regulation device has setting element within each regulated room or area for manual selection of tolerance range for regulated parameter - Google Patents

Abstract

The regulation device compares the measured value of a physical parameter for each individual room or area within a building with the required parameter value, with the width of the tolerance band for the measured value adjusted via a manually operated setting element (46) located within the individual room or area and operated by the occupant of the latter.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a control device for individual control of a physical state variable of a single room of a building or a partial area a building according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such state variables are e.g. B. temperature, relative or absolute humidity or Brightness. The present invention comes, for example, in office and administrative buildings with individual room controllers and zone controllers for room temperature with local Influencing the setpoint for use.

In buildings, various systems such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning and Lighting systems used, which are controlled by control devices with control loops become. Such systems and the associated control devices are under the The term building automation is summarized.

The general principle of regulation is that the state variable (controlled variable x) is continuously recorded by a measuring device and by comparing the respective instantaneous values (actual values) of the state variable with the specified target value x _{S of} a specific reference variable w to this target value (in the sense of an adjustment ) and then kept at this setpoint. This takes place in a so-called control loop.

A block diagram of a control circuit is shown in FIG. 1 for better understanding. A control loop generally consists of a control system 10 , an actuating device 12 and a control device 14 . The controlled system 10 consists of the parts of the system to be influenced according to the task. The output variable of the controlled system 10 is the controlled variable x measured by the measuring device. The actuating device 12 (or the actuator) serves to directly influence the controlled system 10 in accordance with the manipulated variable y acting on its input. The control device 14 is the entirety of the system elements for influencing the controlled system 10 via the control device 12 . These include a controller 16 as a control part of the control system, the measuring device 18 with a transducer, the setpoint generator and a comparator 20 which determines the control deviation e = w -x. The input variables of the control device 14 are the reference variable w and the control variable x. The output variable of the control device is the manipulated variable y. Disturbance variables continue to act on the controlled system.

This should be illustrated using the example of room temperature control:
A specific desired room temperature is specified. This is the lead size. The actual room temperature is measured using a room temperature sensor. This is the standard. The measured room temperature is compared with the desired room temperature and the temperature deviation is determined. This is the rule deviation. If the control deviation is positive, ie if the measured room temperature is lower than the desired room temperature, the controller increases the heat flow to the radiator via the control device. This causes the actual room temperature to rise. If the control deviation is negative, ie if the measured room temperature is higher than the desired room temperature, the controller reduces the heat flow to the radiator via the control device. This causes the actual room temperature to drop. Disturbances are all other variables that influence the room temperature, e.g. B. the outside temperature. The control technology solves one or both of the following tasks:

• - the regulation of disruptive external influences (disturbance variables z);
• - the subsequent regulation of the controlled variable when the command variable changes over time.

With building automation, there is always the option of changing the state size to be regulated centrally or locally. With a central control, the status variable is for everyone Rooms in a building are regulated in the same way. With single room or zone control the setpoint is influenced locally. For example, central heating systems are in usually with automatic devices to reduce and switch off Heat supply depending on the outside temperature and time. For singles Room temperature control devices are used automatically, z. B. Radiator thermostatic valves as proportional controllers, electrically controlled valves with PI Controllers and single-room control systems with remote-controlled room temperature settings.

In many applications in building automation, there is a frequent regulation with one increased energy consumption. One is therefore striving to increase the number of Keep control processes small. For this purpose, the central scheme the actual value of the state variable is not on a discrete setpoint, but within one Setpoint range kept. A tolerance band is thus defined around the setpoint, whereby the control deviation is set to zero if the actual value is within this Tolerance band lies. So it is a regulation in which only the sub or Exceeding limit values will affect the control device. For example, in the case of central room temperature control, the tolerance band is opened a value of approx. 3-5 K is set.

Underlying state of the art

There are a large number of different regulating devices for regulating one State variable of a single room or a partial area of a building, e.g. B. Rule devices for regulating the temperature, relative or absolute humidity or the brightness.  

These control devices allow a certain amount of individual influence People on the control of the state variables of an individual room or a sub-area of a building. In this sense, the setpoint can be used in many control devices Set individually using a setpoint device. Furthermore, there are also Known control devices in which different setpoints for different Times of day can be preset.

With central controls of a heating system, it is known that the control device execute that the specialist can make an adjustment of the tolerance band.

DE 198 06 711 A1 is a regulating device of a heating system for regulating the temperature known. The controller has inputs for setting signals for setting the Controller. The task is to be flexible in the sense of the control device design that they can easily adapt to the transmission behavior of various Attachments can be adjusted. For this purpose, the control behavior of the controller adjustable by interchangeable control cards, the control cards the setting data included for setting the controller.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention has for its object a control device of the aforementioned To create a way in which the individual influence of individual people on the Control of one or more state variables of a single room or a part functional area of a building.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that

• a) there are means for changing a bandwidth of the tolerance band, and
• b) these means have a manually operable adjusting member, which
  • 1. (b ₁ ) is provided in said individual room or said partial area of the building, and
  • 2. (b ₂ ) can be operated by the room user.

As mentioned above, the tolerance band is a range of values around the setpoint, which extends between a lower limit and an upper limit and the target worth includes. The spread of the tolerance band, d. H. the range of Tolerance band is defined as the difference between the upper and lower limits. This spread is also referred to as the width or width of the tolerance band.

In known control devices for controlling a state variable of an individual room or a part of a building, the tolerance band is set centrally and can not be changed by the room user. Setting the spread of the Tolerance band is therefore not accessible to the room user.

As also mentioned above, a larger spread of the tolerance band leads to a control-related energy saving. By the present invention the room user is now given the opportunity to spread the Tolerance band of the control device of his room to influence and to independently implement his idea of the economical use of energy put.

The controller of the control device consists of electronic means known per se. The setting element of the means for changing the Spreading the tolerance band acts on this electronic in a known manner Medium. When the setting member is actuated, certain parameters become known of electronic circuits changed. The setting member can, for example, from be formed a rotary or slide switch.

The control device preferably has a housing with fastening means which the housing can be attached to a wall. In this case at least  Parts of the control device arranged. The housing becomes easily accessible in the room Installed.

The adjusting member can then z. B. arranged behind a cover his. However, this is preferably in the form of a slide switch, for example formed adjusting member arranged so that it can be operated from outside the housing.

The control device can be designed so that a constant change in the spread of the tolerance band is possible. In a special embodiment of the invention Control device is provided, however, the spread of the tolerance band only on set two or more predetermined settings. For this purpose, the Be adjustable in at least two different, predetermined positions, which then corresponds to the at least two different, predetermined settings of the Spread the tolerance band.

Depending on the wash, the tolerance band can be asymmetrical or symmetrical around the setpoint be provided. In the case of a symmetrical arrangement, the setpoint is in the Middle of the tolerance band.

The control device can also have display means, which information deliver over the set spread of the tolerance band. Such display means can for example contain light emitting diodes.

As already mentioned above, the regulating device for regulating the temperature, the (relative or absolute) humidity or brightness. But it can also be designed to regulate several state variables, for example the temperature temperature and the relative humidity of a room. The regulation regarding the second State variable can take place according to the regulation of the first state variable. The control device can have two separate control devices for the two Contain state variables that work completely independently of each other and also can be structured differently.  

In a special embodiment, however, the control device for the first State variable and the control device for the second state variable certain in common same components included. For example, the means for changing the Spread of the tolerance bands assigned to the two state variables from the the same components. For example, changing the Spread the two tolerance bands by a common setting member.

Embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Embodiments of the invention are below with reference to the hearing drawings explained in more detail.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram and shows the basic structure of a control circuit.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram and illustrates an embodiment of a control device with variable spreading of the tolerance band.

FIG. 3 shows the front of a housing of the control device from FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 uses an example to illustrate the control behavior of the control device from FIG. 2.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a designed for two variables of state control device having a variable spreading the tolerance band.

Preferred embodiments of the invention

In FIG. 2, a first embodiment of a control device with variable spreading of the tolerance band is shown and illustrates the principle function of such a control device. This control device is used to control the temperature of a single room. The spread of the tolerance band can be set to four different settings I, II, III and IV.

22 with a controller is referred to, which acts on a (not shown) adjusting device, which influences the heat flow into the room in a known manner (see. Fig. 1). The control structure of the controller 22 is designed for P or PI behavior. The number of sequences for heating and cooling are preferably either two or four.

The output of a room temperature sensor 24 and the output of a setpoint generator 26 are connected to a first comparator 28 . The room temperature sensor 24 measures at a suitable point the temperature of the room and provides a corresponding measurement value as a temperature value _T. The desired room temperature is set at the reference value generator 26 so that the reference value generator 26, a temperature setpoint T _set provides. The first comparator 28 compares the actual value T _{is intended} with the set value T, and provides at an output the control deviation e = T _set - _T.

The output of the first comparator 28 is connected to a switch 30 . The switch 30 has four switch positions I, II, III and IV. In the first switch position I, the first comparator 28 is connected directly to the controller 22 . In the second switching position II, the first comparator 28 is connected to a second comparator 32 , which in turn is connected to the controller 22 . In the third switching position III, the first comparator 28 is connected to a third comparator 34 , which in turn is connected to the controller 22 . In the fourth switch position IV, the first comparator 28 is connected to a fourth comparator 36 , which in turn is connected to the controller 22 .

Each of the three comparators 32 , 34 and 36 is characterized by an upper limit value OG _{Δ, II} , OG _{Δ, III} or OG _{Δ, IV} and a lower limit value UG _{Δ, II} , UG _{Δ, III} or UG _{Δ , IV} , which are given here as deviations from the predetermined target value T _soll .

In the illustrated embodiment, the comparators 32 , 34 and 36 are designed so that these limit values are fixed values. Furthermore, the absolute amounts of the upper and lower limit values associated with a comparator 32 , 34 and 36 are the same. As a result, the tolerance band acts symmetrically around the setpoint, so that the setpoint is in the middle of the tolerance band.

The comparators 32 , 34 and 36 act in such a way that the value of the control deviation e is only applied to the controller 22 if the control deviation e either exceeds the respectively set upper limit value or falls below the respectively set lower limit value. If this is not the case, a signal is applied to the controller 22 which corresponds to the control deviation e = 0 K.

The values of the upper and lower limit values OG _{Δ, II} , OG _{Δ, III} , OG _{Δ, IV} , UG _{Δ, II} , and UG _{Δ, IV} provided in the exemplary embodiment shown are listed in Table 1:

Table 1

The setpoint generator 26 and the switch 30 are also connected to display means in the form of an optical display unit 38 , which provides information about the set spread of the tolerance band. The optical display unit 38 has various states. The states are represented here by two differently colored light-emitting diodes, namely a red and a green light-emitting diode LED _R or LED _G.

The optical display unit 38 has three different states here. The first state G is indicated by the lighting of the green LED LED _G and the non-lighting of the red LED _R , the second state R by the lighting of the red LED _R and the non-lighting of the green LED _G indicates and the third state 0 is indicated by the failure of both LEDs _G and LED _{R not to} light up.

Here, these different states of the display unit 38 serve to display the economy of the respective settings. The cases in which the energy consumption is low are characterized by the green LED LED _{G being} lit, the cases in which the energy consumption is high by the red LED _{R being} illuminated and the cases in which the energy consumption is normal by not -Lights of the two LEDs LED _G and LED _R marked.

In the illustrated embodiment, these states depend both on the adjustment of the different values of the spread of the tolerance band as _should also the setting of the target value T depending on a predetermined reference value T _ref from. Related with four different states of I, II, III and IV. The spreading of the tole ranzbandes (see. Table 1) and three different states of the setting of the setpoint T _set (T _set <T _ref, T _set = T _ref, T _soll <T _ref ) there are twelve different cases, which are characterized by the three states of the display unit 38 . A possible assignment is shown in Table 2 as an example.

Table 2

The reproduced in Table 2 assignment refers to a plant in which are provided heating and cooling sequences both and any deviation of the position A of the setpoint T _set by the _ref Refrenzsollwert T is considered uneconomical. Such a different setting of the target value T set can, however _, be compensated for by appropriate selection of the setting of the spread of the tolerance band, so that the glowing of the red LED _{R can} be avoided.

The switch 30 may also be connected to a timer circuit 40 through which the duration of the respective settings I, II, III and IV of the switch 30 is detected, so that the duration of a specific setting of the spread of the tolerance band can be determined.

In Fig. 3, the front side of a housing 42 is shown. The housing 42 contains parts of the control device in a known manner and can be fastened to a wall by fastening means (for example screws). On the front of the housing 42 there is a rotary knob 44 of a rotary switch, a slide knob 46 of a slide switch, a green light-emitting diode 48 and a red light-emitting diode 50 . The rotary switch is connected to the setpoint generator 26 of FIG. 2 and is used to set the setpoint T _Soll . The slide switch is connected to the switch 30 of FIG. 2 and is used to set the spread of the tolerance band. The two light-emitting diodes 48 and 50 correspond to the two light-emitting diodes LED _R and LED _{G of} the optical display unit 38 from FIG. 2.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, the slide button 46 is adjustable in four predetermined positions, which are marked here next to the slide button 46 on the housing 42 with " 0 ", " 1 ", " 2 ", and " 3 ". These positions of the slide button 46 correspond to the four positions I, II, III and IV of the switch 30 from FIG. 2. On the housing 42 there are, in addition to the rotary knob 44, further markings " 0 ", " 1 ", " 2 ", and " 3 "with assigned bars. These further markings only serve to give the user an idea of how wide the tolerance band is actually in the various settings of the slide button 46 .

The operation of the control device described for controlling the temperature of an individual room will now be explained using an example:
By means of the rotary knob 44 and the push button 46 , the desired room temperature and the desired spread of the tolerance band are set. Depending on the setting, none or one of the LEDs 48 and 50 will light up according to Table 2.

It is now assumed that the reference value T _ref to 20 ° C preset, the knob 44 on T _des = T _ref and the slide button 46 are initially set at level "0". In Table 2 it can be seen that none of the LEDs 48 and 50 then light up. This corresponds to the conventional control behavior of commercially available control devices for controlling the temperature of an individual room. The aim of the regulation, it is here the target value T _should be reached quickly and without deviation. Since the desired target value T target _{is set} precisely and load changes are immediately corrected, the energy consumption is correspondingly high. The control behavior of the controller 22 at this position is shown in FIG. 4 between the time values t ₀ and t ₁ . It is seen that the controller setpoint T _set very accurately comply.

It is now further assumed that at time t ₁ (see FIG. 4) the slide button 46 is set from level " 0 " to level " 2 " (corresponding to switch position III of the switch 30 ), the rotary button 44 not being adjusted. In Table 2 it can be seen that the green LED 48 is now lit. The energy consumption is relatively low. The rule behavior of the controller 22 at this setting is shown in Fig. 4 from the time t ₁ Darge. In this example it is assumed that the outside temperature is lower than 20 ° C., so that the room temperature drops to T _{UG, Δ, III} = T _soll - UG _{Δ, III} (see FIG. 4), in this example to 18 ° C (= 20 ° C - 2 ° C) drops.

The timing circuit 40 detects the duration of the respective settings and uses this to determine specific values by means of which the retention time in the various stages can be determined. These values can also be applied to the display device 38 and / or used for statistical purposes.

In further exemplary embodiments, the comparators 32 , 34 and 36 can be designed such that the limit values are not fixed values, but rather adjustable values. Furthermore, the comparators 32 , 34 and 36 can be designed such that the absolute amounts of the respective upper and lower limit values are not the same. This means that the tolerance band acts asymmetrically around the setpoint.

The functions of the exemplary embodiments described above can of course also be realized by using microprocessors. Similar to what will be described later in connection with FIG. 5, both the functions of the comparators 28 , 32 , 34 and 36 and the function of the switch 30 can be taken over by microprocessors. The step widths of the tolerance band can be stored as parameters and the respective settings can be made menu-driven.

In a further exemplary embodiment (not shown) of a control device with variable spreading of the tolerance band, the control device serves to control the absolute or relative humidity of an individual room. This control device is designed in accordance with the illustrated control device for controlling the temperature and is therefore not described in more detail here. Components that relate to the temperature (e.g. room temperature sensor 24 ) are replaced by corresponding components for moisture.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the control device is designed as a multiple control device (ie control device for controlling a plurality of state variables), in this case as a double control device for controlling the temperature and the relative humidity of a room. The two state variables can be regulated in accordance with the regulation of the temperature described in connection with FIGS. 2-4.

In this multiple control device, a common housing corresponding to the housing 42 can be used, a rotary switch for setting the setpoint and a slide switch for setting the spread of the respective tolerance band being provided for each state variable.

In FIG. 5, an embodiment of a dual control device is shown schematically variable spreading of the tolerance bands.

A temperature controller is designated 52 and a humidity controller 54 . The two controllers 52 and 54 act on actuating devices (not shown) which influence the inflow of heat or water vapor into the room in a known manner.

The output of a room temperature sensor 56 , the output of a temperature setpoint sensor 58 , the output of a moisture sensor 60 and the output of a moisture setpoint generator 62 are connected to a programmable microprocessor 64 , by which the controllers 52 and 54 are controlled. The sensors 56 and 60 measure the temperature at suitable points, or the moisture of the space and provide ent speaking measured values as actual temperature T _and humidity actual value F _is. The desired room temperature and the desired humidity be set to the desired value generators 58 and 62, so that the respective desired value transmitter 58 and 62 a tempera ture setpoint T _set and a humidity setpoint value F _{is to} deliver.

By the microprocessor 64, the respective actual values are T _is or _F with the respective desired values T _soll, and F _should be compared and the corresponding control deviations e _T = T _set - T _is or e _F = F _desired - F _is formed.

The microprocessor is programmed so that four states can be specified with regard to the spreading of the tolerance bands. These four states correspond to the four switch positions I, II, III and IV of the switch 30 of Fig. 2. Each state includes a certain spread of the temperature tolerance band and a certain spread of the moisture tolerance band. The four states are set by a slide switch with a slide button corresponding to the slide button 46 of FIG. 3.

In this exemplary embodiment, the means for changing the spread of the common components assigned to the two state variables. The control device only has a slide switch for setting the spread of both tolerance bands. The tolerance band becomes a two-dimensional one, so to speak Tolerance zone, which describes an area that changes due to the setting of the spread is changed. The spreads associated with the respective states can Tolerance bands can be entered and changed using the menu.

Claims (16)

1. control device for individual control of a physical state quantity and a single room of a building or a portion of a building, in which a nominal value (T _soll) is dictated by the space user in the state variable, the actual value (T _ist) measured in the state variable with the set point (T _soll) is compared, and the state variable to the target value (T _soll) is adjustable, wherein a tolerance band around the setpoint (T _set is set), characterized in that

• a) means ( 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 46 ) for changing a bandwidth of the tolerance band are present, and
• b) these means have a manually operable setting member ( 46 ), which
  • 1. (b ₁ ) is provided in said individual room or said partial area of the building, and
  • 2. (b ₂ ) can be operated by the room user.

2. Control device according to claim 1, characterized by a housing ( 42 ) which receives at least parts of the control device and has fastening means through which the housing ( 42 ) can be fastened to a wall. 3. Control device according to claim 2, characterized in that the adjusting member ( 46 ) can be operated from outside the housing ( 42 ). 4. Control device according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the bandwidth of the tolerance band to at least two different ones, predetermined, individual settings (I, II, III, IV) can be set. 5. Control device according to claim 4, characterized in that the adjusting member ( 46 ) in at least two different positions ( 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 ) is adjustable, which the at least two different, predetermined settings (I, II, III, IV ) correspond to the bandwidth of the tolerance band. 6. Control device according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the adjusting member has a slide switch ( 46 ). 7. Control device according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the target value is (T _soll) is located in the center of the tolerance band. 8. Control device according to one of claims 1-7, characterized by display means ( 38 , 48 , 50 ) which provide information about the set bandwidth of the tolerance band. 9. Control device according to claim 8, characterized in that the display medium different states for the setting of the different, predetermined Have settings for the bandwidth of the tolerance band. 10. Control device according to one of claims 4-9, characterized by means ( 40 ) for detecting the time duration of a specific setting of the bandwidth of the tolerance band. 11. Control device according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the state variable to be controlled, the temperature or the (relative or absolute) Moisture or brightness.   12. Control device according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the control device for controlling a further state variable of an individual room or a sub-area of a building and in which a setpoint the further state variable is specified, the actual value of the further state size measured and compared with the corresponding setpoint and the further state variable is kept by regulation at a value which within a certain tolerance band around the corresponding setpoint is held. 13. Control device according to claim 12, characterized in that the regulating further state variable the temperature or the (relative or absolute) Moisture or brightness. 14. Control device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by means ( 30 , 46 ) for changing the bandwidth of the tolerance band assigned to the further state variable. 15. Control device according to claim 14, characterized in that further means are provided according to one or more of claims 1-10, which in each case the same effect with regard to the further state variable as with respect to the first Have state size. 16. Control device according to claim 15, characterized in that the Ver change in the bandwidth of the two tolerance bands by a common A actuator ( 46 ).