DE1012974B - Device for determining the size of individual frequency components of an electrical vibration mixture in communication systems - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

With the ever increasing importance of the simultaneous use of undamped electrical Vibrations of various frequencies obtained in the transmission of messages it is important, if possible, each frequency, singled out for itself, with regard to its intensity to be able to measure at any point along the message path.

The invention relates to a device for determining the size of individual frequency components of an electrical vibration mixture in communication systems with selective selection by one or more tunable coupling circuits between communication system and measuring circuit and is characterized in that a tube oscillator with inertia in two as a measuring circuit or several different oscillation states is used, which when exposed to a minimum size of the to measuring vibrations from one operating state to the other and doing so for one Threshold value triggers a display or a relay, and that the coupling under the respective display of the The desired measured value can be changed in such a way that the necessary minimum magnitude of the vibrations to be measured can be brought into action on the measuring circuit.

The usual intensity measurement methods in the field of high-frequency technology have been used since for a long time many of the well-known wave meter resonance circuits in the most varied of special designs, especially using relatively simple current or voltage measuring instruments.

In order to refine the detection of smaller changes in capacitance and frequency, one also has special resonance circuits have already been developed in which the oscillation process is transformed into a so-called Demolition area is relocated. In the vicinity of such a tear-off point, the tube oscillator tends for overturning from one operating state to the other, so that small changes in frequency here correspond to large changes in the oscillation amplitude.

With regard to the simultaneous use of a large number of different vibration frequencies, as is customary with modern carrier frequency systems, most of them are required but additional known measuring arrangements for determining the intensity of the individual frequencies very expensive filter circuit means, so that only selected oscillation frequencies on the Intensity measuring arrangement become effective.

In contrast, the subject matter of the invention is inherently highly selective

Device for determining the size of individual frequency components

an electrical vibration mixture

in messaging systems

Applicant:

Dr. Wilhelm Molthan, Hanover, Wedekindstr. 12th

Dr. Wilhelm Molthan, Hanover, has been named as the inventor

effective measuring device, which allows the selection of a single frequency among several frequencies when measuring the intensity enables, d. H. So, depending on the setting, when a mixture occurs at the same time different neighboring frequencies only the desired usable frequency due to its resonance effect can have an effect on the measuring device without there being any additional requires expensive sieve media for the intensity determinations.

Apart from their valuable selective properties, measuring arrangements according to the invention stand out but this also means that even short-term effects can be measured with their help can be tracked. Because with the measuring circuits according to the invention, even short-term pulses are sufficient the vibrations to be measured of a certain minimum size to make the tube oscillator the oscillation state with high anode current strength to tip over into another operating state permit.

The measuring arrangements are therefore ideally suited to both short-term regular as well as to track irregular impulses by measuring. Likewise, they give a valuable resource in hand to Stationary processes can even be recorded in terms of intensity if they only affect the measuring devices for a short time able to act. According to the measuring method according to the invention can thus be easily determine the intensity of pulse generators located on moving objects and have to pass certain checkpoints in

709 590/255

3 4 ■ ■■ «

whose proximity, for example, these impulse ^{carriers are to be checked for their order as compensation or bridge scarf J} operability, ie, the lines are easy to achieve, an exact numerical ¹ measuring devices will be of great value for the connection between the intensity of the follow-up. The monitoring of signal systems, for example directional vibrations and the associated vibrations on rail vehicles, in ships on boards in the resonance circuit, where the 4: written channels or for aircraft, the overturning process in the transmission circuit is bound to the established course routes are. puts. Used in the anode circuit of the generator tube ^; ; ^:

In itself, such a tipping phenomenon can already be switched on in place of one of the common direct current measurements through a sufficiently close coupling of the coils of the instrument (for example milliammeters) a transmission circuit with a resonance circuit solely through a relay arrangement her anode current jump, which is forced during the overturning process in Her, as soon as a lively transmission circuit arrangement occurs in the resonance circuit, for direct actuation } resonance oscillations can be generated Secondary circles a · * ΐ direct influence between the 15 and possibly any desired;

To be able to make transmission circuit and the coupled resonance oscillation regulations. R -!

for a relay actuation by means of the measuring.;.

Lung oscillations in the resonance circuit in their arrangement according to the invention, it is very advantageous;

effect on the coil system of the transmitter circuit to ensure that a relay is activated even if only j remains small in order to prevent the tipping phenomena in the transmission of short pulses on the specified path.

trigger circuit, this transition can be solved by. Since unstable operating conditions in |

the one steady state of the used one electron tube because of the extraordinarily

Transmission circuit in the other nevertheless causes the inertia of the electron charge to wrestle very siästpell ·: ■

, when according to the invention are passed through this resonant circuit very rascher- one ^can:

at the same time, in addition, changes in the SchwinguM ^ S '..,;.

with the same frequency, which trigger the overturning phenomena from the circles and

Vibration amplitudes of a message system for any long-lasting influence. |

originate. mechanical relays or control devices. J

The decisive coupling between resonance- As a result, relays are simple designs,

and generator coils is for the present measuring 30 such. B. telegraph relay, in the present case

purposes can easily be weakened arbitrarily by being quite usable.

the distance between the two coils is increased, so with the usual tube transmitters 5IRP "

that, as the distance increases, it is known that constant phenomena are achieved by the fact that i! ig.n

Assuming frequencies of the transmitter circuit, the grid of the transmitter tube always has the wrong grid bias voltage: ■

stronger additional impulses through the vibration. For such a tube transmitter, with ■

gen of the messaging system needs in order to tilt a certain value of the characteristic loading,

To force action. shoot sizes, d. H. for example with a certain

Accordingly, for example, the distance between the value of the heating current strength, a certain strength ΐ

see generator and resonance coils, in which the exciting operating voltage for anode or ¹ i

Tilting phenomenon sets in, a measure of the intensity 40 grating of the tube, two different inertia ¹ :

the vibrations of the communication system. states for vibrations of the system. Are to- j;

The measuring method according to the invention for inten- nally the vibrations below a certain value

sity determination of message frequencies under decayed by the size of the wrong grid I;

Utilization of Umkippschwingungen can preload is due, the grid prevents _etc.

Of course, without changing the distance between the preloads for the remaining small ones

Also train vibration coils, including the stronger emission of the "

For example, the coupling between generator and electrons from the filament and thus disrupts the €

Resonance circuit by a change in the dielectric exciting effect of the electron transmitter on the

Vibrations in the space between the relevant coupling coils. If, on the other hand, by special auxiliary ^:

both circles can be weakened. 50 medium, like temporary elimination of negative J:

Likewise, for the purpose of developing the grid prestress measurement method, the vibrations can first be reduced to ^{! I}

the resonance circuit, which fanned the overturning process in larger amounts, can, despite again- ^{! i}

The generator circuit is to be triggered by installing an incorrect grid prestress that has been produced, provided that the ^; ;

specially trained attenuators in its negative voltage on the grid of moderate size '' ■■■

The ability to vibrate is deliberately reduced, the effect of the electron tube as a transmitter:!

-den, so that despite a relatively close coupling, a disconnection is not paralyzed, since with sufficiently large;,

The overturning process was initially not resolved. Vibration amplitudes during at least one

Only when the oscillation »-:;

If coupling vibrations stimulated yet another tension for the filament, the constant ^ im; *

• Increase in the resonance circuit oscillations, 60 false senses acting pre-tensioning of the grid

caused by the useful frequency of a message - predominate and thus a stimulating the vibrations -;

Transmission medium, will cause vibrational ink electron emission. The hereby *

sity achieved in the resonance circuit, the overturning of the adjusting steady state of Kippschwingüü ^ s- »

Initiates the generator circuit. The coupling of the artificial circuit is through a larger anode direct current ΐ

The borrowed damped resonance circuit is marked with the Schwin 65 and maintains constant ■ © e - .; ||

In this case, the communications system can advantageously drive variables of the transmission arrangement this larger -IjI

can be chosen so that the message value remains unchanged as a permanent state. A Un *: |

frequencies act on the attenuators. switch to the operating state with a low anode »■ 3

If the attenuators of the resonance circuit are current only when the oscillation amplitude a j ||

designed to be controllable, so it is when the coupling 70 resonance circuits are formed, e.g. B. corresponding to " ^J "' ^!:

Measures in the invention, in addition, a sufficient can gain great repercussions on the oscillating coils of the transmitting oscillating circuit.

FIG. 1 shows the circuit diagram for a tilting oscillation device which is suitable for measuring the intensity of oscillations according to the invention. The oscillation arrangement consists of the oscillating circuit with the two coils, T ₁ and S. _v, the variable capacitor C and the large blocking capacitor K, as well as the electron tube with the anode, the grid G and the heating cathode H. The voltage source Uu heats the cathode wire, the voltage source U ^ supplies the anode current and the battery U ₀ gives the negative grid bias voltage, which is chosen so that the oscillation state is ambiguous. In series with the milliammeter J _A to determine the anode direct current, a relay R is switched on in the anode circuit, which responds to the drop in the anode direct current when the oscillation state in the circuit changes and thus causes the desired switching processes in secondary circuits to be permanently triggered in the usual way. The resonance circuit , which triggers the overturning of the oscillations in the generator circuit S ₁ -S ₂ -CK, consists of the tunable oscillation circuit 3, 4 and is to be brought into connection via the coupling element 5 with a communication system 6, the oscillation intensity of which is to be determined.

In Fig. 2, the vibration coils of a tilting vibration device are shown as flat coils, S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ , 23, between which a plate 25, consisting of metal or a dielectric, is located. Since the plate 25 is movably arranged in the direction of the arrow, the strength of the coupling between the generator coils .S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ and the resonant circuit coil 23 can be largely varied and read from the scale shown. Depending on the position of the plate 25 in the space between the relevant coils, the overturning process in the flip-flop circuit will start at lower or only at higher intensities of the frequency of the communication system just selected for measuring its intensity. In Fig. 2, C and 24 are each a tuning capacitor, G the grid and A the anode of the electron tube.

Instead of changing the dielectric between the coils, you can influence the Coupling strength also from the well-known property of additional coils, close to the direct coupling coils, Use can be made, according to which in a coupling arrangement of two coils Self-inductance is reduced compared to the unaffected state if a third coil is in the Coupling space of both coils is brought into it. This inductance influence by further Coil arrangements can of course also be restricted to certain parts of the coil of the oscillating circuit will. As a result, when the winding density of the main coil is different, one is easy Coarse and fine adjustment possibilities for the intensity determinations are given, whereby the measurement sensitivity is increased.

According to the embodiment of Fig. 3 is in the coupled resonance circuit 33, 34 in series with An attenuator 37 is provided for the coils 33. This attenuator can expediently consist of one adjustable ohmic resistance exist, in the simplest version of an elongated measuring wire with a sliding contact. Are in the manner apparent from the circuit diagram Attenuator 37 via the high-frequency transformer 35 the vibrations of a communication system 36 is supplied, then that position of the sliding contact in which a tipping over in the tilting oscillating circuit is applied is triggered, a measure of the intensity of the message system Vibrations.

The ohmic resistor 37 of Fig. 3 can of course also be replaced by other types of attenuators, for example by a choke coil arrangement 38, as shown in the secondary sketch in Fig. 3. To at the same time a coarse and a To be able to achieve fine tuning with the choke coil 38, the coil over a longer metal core can be moved in the direction of the arrow. The metal core consists of two metals, namely in its left half made of iron (Fe), in its right one made of copper (Cu). The coil winding is located above the iron core the left half, there are large eddy current losses, i. that is, there is a high damping effect. If, on the other hand, the core part made of copper lies within the coil, it is due to the throttle arrangement caused damping for the resonance oscillation circuit less. Depending on the position of the coil in the event of displacement, a greater or lesser change in attenuation for the same change in length of the displacement path made. It is noteworthy for such an arrangement that the Self-induction of the choke changes only slightly when shifting over the two-part core, because due to the magnetic high frequency skin effect only a very thin layer on the core surface is decisive for the magnetic vortex field, and the less, the higher the one to be measured Frequency lies. If the diameter of the core parts is also chosen to be different, then it can succeed in that, despite the change in attenuation, no change in the frequency has a significant influence wins; therefore, this throttle arrangement is particularly well suited for fine tuning purposes.

The review of the individual frequency levels, each for examination with regard to their intensity should, of course, always pay close attention. Apart from the usual Frequency measuring methods with wave meters and the like can also expediently be vibration galvanometers use, which are to be chosen advantageously tunable, be it through electrical influence or through the installation of adjustable mechanical-elastic links such as torsion springs, leaf springs or the like

For the communication systems of the carrier frequency technology, especially those that only use one Working sideband with full suppression of the actual carrier frequency is the application of the invention Measuring method for determining the intensity of particular advantage, because relatively short pulses of the sideband also affect the arrangement without being able to make the carrier frequency respond, provided the strength of these impulses has reached the desired target height for the message transmission at the receiving location.

If necessary, however, in the case of pure sideband transmissions a coordination of the arrangement at the location of the intensity measurements is also weighed in this way be that the reassigned carrier to the Tilting oscillation circuit is coupled. The triggering of the overturning process should be useful in this Fall, perhaps through special control measures, take place precisely when the vibrations

of the modulated sideband have exceeded a certain threshold value.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Device for determining the size of individual frequency components of an electrical Mixture of vibrations in communication systems with selective selection by one or more tunable coupling circuits between communication system and measuring circuit, characterized in that as a measuring circuit a tube oscillator with inertia in two or more different vibration states is used, which is to be measured when a minimum size of the Oscillations from one operating state to the other tilts for one Threshold value a display or a relay solves, and that the coupling can be changed in this way with the respective display of the measured value sought is that the necessary minimum size of the vibrations to be measured on the measuring circuit to act can be brought. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, gekeimzeicV-net by means of changing the mutual inductance between fixed coupling coils. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by variable attenuators in the or the coupling circuits. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 436 827, 479 425, 945; , German patent application S 26006 VIIIa "/ Öts. ⁴ ; Funk-Technik, 7 (1952), pp. 133 and 134. 1 sheet of drawings © 709590/255 7.57