DE10129639A1 - Solar roof heating system is assisted though large mass and heat exchanger surfaces with regenerative energy source developed through solar roof - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar heating system is assisted through the large mass and heat exchanger surfaces and through the hot back ventilation. Regenerative energy sources are developed through solar roofs (1), heat pumps and solar light roofs. Before fitting the supports for the different roof covers on the roof trusses etc foils which keep out water from above but let condensation breathe through are provided together with pipes and ducts for the heat exchangers.

Description

This invention relates to the optimal use of largely and specifically warm ventilated Roofs and heat exchangers of various types, their installation in almost all Roof systems and under almost all roof coverings is possible and supported by warm rear ventilation are usually an enormous heat store, which means with the help of specially selected, developed and suitable heat pump systems solar roofs and Solar light roofs are developed into solar and regenerative heat energy sources, such as Calculations show, inexpensively possibly in connection with the possible ones in the complex Combinations, variants and designs in the normal case for covering the hot water and the heating requirements are completely sufficient, the design of a harmonious and beautiful Serve roof image and expensive well drilling, etc. can be saved.

The realization is possible in that before the assembly / application of the conditions for the different roof coverings on the roof trusses or roof beams over a good one Thermal insulation is durable, sweat and condensation water permeable to the top, however water-repellent film or tarpaulin may be applied somewhat sagging, by the warm exhaust air from the attic through pipes, ducts, ventilation slots etc. and the warm outside air can be directed to the roofs and heat exchangers and further. These foils or tarpaulins are between and or behind the roof battens of the respective Roof coverings that are particularly impregnated against moisture or due to corrosion Protected metal or plastic angles, profiles, etc. were replaced as follows as requirements named z. B. Brine pipe or hose lines or other heat exchangers, total so named, in the required dimensions and with the required metal distributions, Plastics or the like Materials in the necessary and different sizes and designs appropriate and arranged according to the possibilities and conditions so that they the Do not disturb roof covering and in almost all places, sides and directions as solar Roofs, lightweight solar roofs and solar roof systems can serve to generate energy. It can also be under the pan, beaver tail, trapezoid, etc. simple roof panels made of metal, plastics or the like Materials of various Size and designs according to the possibilities and conditions of flat walls be arranged that density, e.g. B. Brine leading solar lightweight roof panels arise and thus the radiation energy of the sun can be used directly.

However, there is also the option of being on the back of the simple roof tiles or under other roofing also other z. B. brine through plates, collectors, mats, Profiles, channels, pipes, hoses etc. made of stainless steel, copper or the like Metals, plastics etc., All in all named as heat exchangers, in the required dimensions and with the required ones Distributions are well connected to each other in a heat-conducting and energy-transferring manner, attached, etc. and thus seen from the outside the same and beautiful looking solar roof panels, largely as targeted warm ventilated solar light roofs as well as heavy, high Buffered energy-free, unadorned solar roofs and therefore harmonious, aesthetic and elegant solar roof systems can be created.

With the solar lightweight roof panels, which are of different widths and lengths, e.g. B. about 1 m wide, up to about 8 m long and can be about 1 cm or more or less flat, z. B. thereby largely the Possibility of doing this with the other, just superficially looking, simple roof tiles like this to relocate and connect that also gained a lot, especially radiation energy and from the outside, uniform and beautiful solar light roofs can be designed.

The heat pump systems can take into account the most favorable conditions and Requirements as direct evaporating, brine or air-water heat pumps or combined to cover the entire waste water and heating needs, whereby Avoidance of high amounts of condensate due to excessive cooling of the air due to excessive Energy generation via the heat exchangers in the roof areas meets these conditions as well Automatically controlled to the increased demand and coverage options Suction and use of the often still warm, but mostly damp rear ventilation switched and this can be led to the outside after the heat energy has been exhausted.

In comparison to the area required by means of heat pumps to extract heat from the ground, on homes or medium-sized dwellings with roof areas of approx. 150-200 m ² and also on larger buildings, sufficiently ventilated, solar-ventilated roof areas can be found on all sides, especially for necessary heat reserves are created, which can be available especially during the cold winter days for the use of solar energy as well as the warm outside and exhaust air with the help of heat pumps and the other possible combinations as a basis and prerequisite for the complete coverage of the energy requirement and thus the expensive, often because of a lack of space, possibly impossible well drilling and underground pipe laying can be replaced and high costs can be saved.

Tile coverings burden the roofs including the brine with approx. 50 kg per m ² , with a roof area of 200 m ² this is approx. 100 dt, however, they have a high heat storage capacity and therefore a good buffering capacity.

On the other hand, lightweight metal roofs, including the brine, can only weigh approx. 12 dt but as solar light roofs use the direct radiation energy of the sun better and faster and pass on and should therefore be exposed to it as far as possible.

In both roofing there is a connection due to their mass and the large roof areas with the good heat exchange resulting from the targeted, warm rear ventilation and thus their high and fast energy storage capacity, which is great for heat exchange In most cases, meaning are the great way to use these potencies for full Use hot water supply and also for heating purposes.

This high thermal energy, which can be stored in both covers, can be achieved by the targeted warm Ventilation and laying z. B. from specially selected and suitable, with the calculated diameter and distance, the required length and possibly the necessities and conditions corresponding heat exchangers under the roof coverings, possibly over Distributors in several lines horizontally from bottom to top or via other heat exchangers also skimmed vertically and in connection with the possibilities shown as Solar roof and serve as a balanced, solar and regenerative heat energy source.

Through the targeted good and warm rear ventilation, which is mainly under and between the the roof trusses or beams attached roof battens or cushions must be guaranteed and is also sufficient to ensure the implementation of lines and possibly also heat exchangers direct and supported use of ambient air temperature possible.

Thanks to this warm rear ventilation, the solar roofs become more besides the sunlight usable heat energy source and what is particularly important, both a good one Energy exchange guaranteed, but also in connection with the extraction of this Ventilation to further exhaust the still high thermal energy of this warm and humid air and the prevention of condensation.

In favorable cases, when the thermal energy of the extracted air is exhausted, the is sufficient Targeted warm rear ventilation via the heat pump without using the roof installed brine heat exchanger especially in the summer months to cover the Process water and heating requirements, possibly in connection with the recovery of the Waste water heat energy completely.

To introduce and continue the z. B. mostly energy-transporting, depending on the concentration compatible brine up to approx. -20 ° C. B. according to the need in one or after distribution in several pipe or hose lines or heat exchangers before Covering starting from the bottom horizontally between the roof battens or cushions until Roof ridge and collected from there again to the heat pump.

In order to run the brine pipe or hose strands horizontally, lay them above to be able to insert between the next battens or cushions are necessary Make columns to create after laying the pipe or hose strands through them through z. B. can be closed with galvanized angle or U-plate.

With vertical installation, the distribution pipe or hose is connected to the bottom Heat exchangers and from there to the collection pipe or hose located on the outside Invisible connecting hoses attached, which may also be difficult to find Repairs due to defective heat exchangers etc. are simply bridged or mutually can be replaced and the hoses can be quickly connected and disconnected.

To keep warm those rising on the building walls, gables, conservatories etc. Outside air and also that of any rear-ventilated walls, the temperatures of which are particularly cold, when it is needed is higher than that of the more distant outside air as well as the warning exhaust air of the In order to be able to use buildings, there is an inexpensive way to get this warm air into the to integrate targeted, warm rear ventilation of the solar roof systems.

This can be done by providing for the targeted warm rear ventilation of the solar roof systems Animal hatches protected, collecting ventilation slots under the roof overhangs and also on suitable places in the attic with the aim of making them as low loss as possible to be introduced, possibly to the solar roof panels and heat exchangers with guidance devices introduce and under the most sure-footed trained and also before rainfall and animal hatch protected ventilation slots before the simple or with Attachment options for roof ridges provided with roof ladders may also emerge again.

Another option is this warm and humid air, which is still a good one The energy source is controlled suction and targeted energy recovery Heat pumps and heat exchangers in connection with the prevention of Condensation, which is possible in the event of overload, should be added.

When separated from the exhaust air, it is also possible to use the outside air for room ventilation. The advantage is that the air dehumidified by the cooling largely Dehumidification can also serve individual rooms that are at risk of moisture damage.

Through these specifically warm ventilated solar roof systems, light solar roofs, solar roofs and thus the solar roof panels and heat exchangers made of metal, plastics or other Materials and roof coverings, which may favor energy absorption, harmonious coloring or coating, which as far as possible the efficiency of the solar Roof systems are or can be increased, there is the possibility, as far as possible solar energy as well as the warm outside and exhaust air as well as the targeted warm rear ventilation regenerative in connection with the other possible combinations, variants and Versions for complete water heating and for heating purposes.

The realization is both about the new building and the reconstruction of old roof systems possible, the energy gained z. B. at temperatures above + 50 ° C directly into the memory can be initiated for the provision of hot water or for heating purposes. At temperatures e.g. B. between +30 - + 50 ° C, the energy could be correspondingly large Buffer storage or for heating purposes, also be given to underfloor heating. If the temperatures are below + 30 ° C, z. B. the brine directly to a heat pump Provided and the energy can be absorbed down to approx. -8 ° C, maximum up to -15 ° C.

Normally, about 2/3 of the total energy required, often more for heating purposes, mostly only for about 8 months but especially on a few cold days a lot and approx. 1/3 needed for the provision of process water, which is fairly uniform all year round.

There is a possibility of this 1/3 energy in connection with the energy of the waste water and possibly also when using the energy of the rain water via heat pumps according to the climatic and other possibilities, conditions and performance requirements for coupling with appropriate thermo switchgear completely sufficient even in the cold season to use cheaply, the necessary energy for the hot water supply and Fully secure heating needs and save fossil fuels to a considerable extent.

Such targeted, warm, rear-ventilated solar roof systems of different roofing for more effective Obtaining solar and renewable energies through the classification of different usable ones Heat exchangers that are laid and connected under the usable roof coverings so that an aesthetic, beautiful and harmonious image can be preserved and designed on the outside but in particular as much as possible and necessary to use the solar roof area Solar energy as well as the warm outside and exhaust air as well as the rear ventilation can, is available and also on the use of heat pumps with the use of the Wastewater and possibly also rainwater can be combined, are not yet known.

Roof systems and systems are known in which the use of solar and regenerative Thermal energy separated from each other and by expensive technical effort as well as unsightly and Mostly expensive assemblies, attachments and installations are carried out and are often only possible to a limited extent.

The purpose and aim of the invention is to secure energy production for industrial water and for Heating purposes largely in the specifically warm ventilated solar roof systems harmonious, beautiful and versatile, different heat exchangers with which both the energy of the sun, the warm outside air, the exhaust air as well as the rear ventilation via the Use of specially selected and suitable heat pumps effectively used and with the Recovery of the energy of the wastewater and possibly the rainwater can be combined. It is also about these solar roof systems, combinations, variants and designs that can comply with the lightweight construction and assembly principle, environmentally friendly, fast and with the to produce and make available the least amount of construction work in an economically advantageous manner Plants without being able to remove residues.

The invention has for its object to make the production of hot water and for heating purposes via heat pumps as well as the installation of these solar roof systems uncomplicated and the installers for heating / cooling, heating, plumbing at a favorable price-performance ratio in kits / packages, To provide electrical etc. At the same time, this invention is intended both to. Serve trade and industry, but especially the development of low-energy and passive houses, which, using all options, usually do without conventional oil and gas heating systems and chimneys. Even in the pointed floor, water stored in cheap containers, which warms up there and is to be used in the garden as well-tempered water for watering during the growing season, acts like an overlapping buffer storage for energy in winter. B. 1 m ³ = 1,000 l of water releases approximately 20 kWh when cooled from approx. + 18 ° C to approx. + 1 ° C.

Since with optimal use of the roof surfaces as a solar and regenerative energy source this, possibly in Connection with the other options shown in the normal case for covering the Warm water and heating requirements are sufficient in most cases the often expensive or impossible drilling of wells and the complex laying of pipes to be dispensed with, because sometimes there is no space available for this, and so that used area also cools down and suffers.

When using solar energy instead of extracting geothermal energy and other regenerative With the help of solar panels and heat pumps, the heat collection and the affects Withdrawing energy from the roof tends to be cheaper than extracting geothermal energy and thus often too strong cooling of the soil and the climate in the direct and closer surroundings, which can can lead to growth and construction damage and the formation of frost bubbles.

Through the possible combination of the different roof coverings with the appropriate ones Heat exchangers and their possible bridging and replacement as well as the use of the further complex and sufficient variants and designs result for the optimum coverage of the hot water and heating requirements with the lowest maintenance requirements Possibilities, so that every consumer has its interests and most favorable conditions can search for the most important, aesthetic and inexpensive solutions accordingly.

embodiment

This invention relates to the optimal use of largely and specifically warm ventilated roofs and heat exchangers of various types, the installation of which is possible in almost all roof systems and under almost all roof coverings and which, supported by the warm rear ventilation, are themselves themselves an enormous heat store, which means with the help of specially selected, developed and suitable heat pump systems solar roofs ( 1 ) and solar light roofs ( 2 ), or z. B. Solar roof systems ( 3 ) to solar and regenerative heat energy sources are developed, as calculations show inexpensive, possibly in combination with the possible combinations, variants and designs in the normal case completely to cover the hot water and heating requirements are sufficient, serve to create a harmonious and beautiful roof image and expensive well drilling, etc. can be saved.

The realization is possible in that before the installation and application of the cushions for the different roof coverings on the roof trusses or roof beams over good thermal insulation ( 4 ), as is usually the case, a longer-lasting, sweat and condensation water is permeable to the top and possibly a little nubbed, but downward water-repellent film or tarpaulin ( 5 ) may be applied a little sagging, water may be drained into the gutters and through the warmest through pipes, channels, ventilation slots ( 6 ) etc. Exhaust air from the attic and the warm outside air through it; if possible, conductive and collecting ventilation slots ( 7 ) on the roof overhangs ( 8 ) to the roofs and heat exchangers and can be passed on.

On these foils or tarpaulins between and or behind the roof battens of the respective roof coverings, which are particularly impregnated against moisture or have been replaced by metal or plastic angles, profiles, etc. protected against corrosion, as follows as supports ( 9 ) z. B. Brine-leading pipe or hose lines or other heat exchangers ( 10 ), altogether so named, in the required dimensions and with the required distributions made of metal, plastics or similar materials in the necessary and different sizes and designs according to the possibilities and conditions attached and arranged that they do not interfere with the roof covering and almost all places, sides and cardinal points as solar roofs. Lightweight solar roofs and solar roof systems can serve to generate energy.

It can also be shaped as a pan, beaver tail, trapezoid, etc. or after simple roof panels made of metal, plastics or the like Materials of various Size and designs according to the possibilities and conditions of flat walls be arranged that density, e.g. B. Brine leading solar lightweight roof panels arise and thus the radiation energy of the sun can be used directly.

However, there is also the option of being on the back of the simple roof tiles or under other roofing also other z. B. brine through plates, collectors, mats, profiles; Ducts, pipes, hoses etc. made of stainless steel, copper or the like Metals, plastics etc., All in all named as heat exchangers, in the required dimensions and with the required ones Distributions are well connected to each other in a heat-conducting and energy-transferring manner, attached, etc. and thus seen from the outside the same and beautiful looking solar roof panels, largely as targeted warm ventilated solar light roofs as well as heavy, high Buffered energy-free, unadorned solar roofs and therefore harmonious, aesthetic and elegant solar roof systems can be created.

With the solar lightweight roof panels, which are of different widths and lengths, e.g. B. about 1 m wide, up to about 8 m long and can be about 1 cm or more or less flat, z. B. thereby largely the Possibility of doing this with the other, just superficially looking, simple roof tiles like this to relocate and connect that also gained a lot, especially radiation energy and from the outside, uniform and beautiful solar light roofs can be designed.

The heat pump systems can take into account the most favorable conditions and Requirements as direct evaporating, brine or air-water heat pumps or combined to cover the entire domestic water and heating needs, whereby Avoidance of high amounts of condensate due to excessive cooling of the air due to excessive Energy generation via the heat exchangers in the roof areas meets these conditions as well Automatically controlled to the increased demand and coverage options Suction and use of the often still warm, but mostly damp rear ventilation switched and this led to the outside after the heat energy was exhausted or possibly also for the Room ventilation and its possible dehumidification can be used.

In comparison to the area required by means of heat pumps to extract heat from the ground, on homes or medium-sized dwellings with roof areas of approx. 150-200 m ² and also on larger buildings, sufficiently ventilated, solar-ventilated roof areas can be found on all sides, especially for necessary heat reserves are created, which can be available especially during the cold winter days for the use of solar energy as well as the warm outside and exhaust air with the help of heat pumps and the other possible combinations as a basis and prerequisite for the complete coverage of the energy requirement and thus the expensive, often because of a lack of space, possibly impossible well drilling and underground pipe laying can be replaced and high costs can be saved.

Tile coverings burden the roofs including the brine with approx. 50 kg per m ² , with a roof area of 200 m ² this is approx. 100 dt, however, they have a high heat storage capacity and therefore a good buffering capacity.

On the other hand, lightweight metal roofs, including the brine, can only weigh approx. 12 dt but as solar light roofs use the direct radiation energy of the sun better and faster and pass on and should therefore be largely exposed to their radiation.

In both roofing there is a connection due to their mass and the large roof areas with the good heat exchange through the targeted, warm rear ventilation and thus their high and fast energy storage capacity, which is great for heat exchange In most cases, meaning are the great way to use these potencies for full Use hot water supply and also for heating purposes.

This high heat energy, which can be stored with both covers, can be achieved by the targeted warm rear ventilation and the laying z. B. from specially selected and suitable, with the calculated diameter and distance, the required length and possibly the needs and conditions corresponding heat exchangers under the roof coverings, possibly via distributors in several strands horizontally ( 11 ) from bottom to top or via others Heat exchanger also skimmed vertically ( 12 ) and, in conjunction with the options shown, serve as a solar roof, lightweight solar roof or as a solar roof system and thus as a balanced, solar and regenerative heat energy source.

Through the targeted good and warm rear ventilation, which is mainly under and between the the roof trusses or beams attached roof battens or cushions must be guaranteed and is also sufficient to ensure the implementation of lines and possibly also heat exchangers direct and supported use of ambient air temperature possible.

Thanks to this warm rear ventilation, the solar roofs become more besides the sunlight usable heat energy and what is particularly important, both good Energy exchange guaranteed, but also in connection with the extraction of this Ventilation to further exhaust the still high thermal energy of this warm and humid air and the prevention of condensation.

In favorable cases, when the thermal energy of the extracted air is exhausted, the is sufficient Targeted warm rear ventilation via the heat pump without using the roof installed brine heat exchanger, especially in the summer months to cover the Hot water and heating requirements. possibly in connection with the recovery of the Waste water heat energy completely.

To introduce and continue the z. B. mostly energy-transporting, depending on the concentration compatible brine up to approx. -20 ° C. B. according to the need in one or after distribution in several pipe or hose lines or heat exchangers before Covering starting from the bottom horizontally between the roof battens or cushions until Roof ridge and collected from there again to the heat pump.

In order to run the brine pipe or hose strands horizontally, lay them above between the next battens or cushions. are at the necessary Make columns to create after laying the pipe or hose strands through them through z. B. can be closed with galvanized angle or U-plate.

With vertical installation, the distribution pipe or hose is connected to the bottom Heat exchangers and from there to the collection pipe or hose located on the outside Invisible connecting hoses attached, which may also be difficult to find Repairs due to defective heat exchangers etc. are simply bridged or mutually can be replaced and the hoses can be quickly connected and disconnected.

To both those on the building walls, gables. Conservatories, etc., rising warm outside air ( 13 ) and also from any rear-ventilated walls, whose temperatures, especially when it is cold, are higher than those of the more distant outside air and the warm exhaust air ( 14 ) from the building , there is an inexpensive way to integrate this warm air into the targeted, warm rear ventilation ( 15 ) of the solar roof systems.

This can be done via the solar roof panels, which are provided for the targeted warm rear ventilation of the solar roof systems, are protected against animal hatching, conductive and collecting ventilation slots under the roof overhangs and also at suitable places in the attic with the aim of introducing them with as little loss as possible and possibly bring heat exchangers specifically over baffles and other baffles ( 16 ) and let them escape again under the ventilation slits, which are designed to be as sure-footed as possible and also protected from precipitation and animal hatch, in front of the simple roof ridge ( 17 ), which is also provided with fastening options for roof ladders.

Another possibility is to control this warm and humid air, which is still a good source of energy, by means of controlled extraction ( 18 ) and targeted recovery of the heat energy via heat pumps and heat exchangers in connection with the prevention of condensation, which is possible in the event of overload to use it further.

When separated from the exhaust air, it is possible to use the outside air for room ventilation. The advantage is that the air dehumidified by the cooling largely Dehumidification can also serve especially in individual rooms at risk of moisture damage.

Through these specifically warm ventilated solar roof systems, light solar roofs, solar roofs and thus the solar roof panels and heat exchangers made of metal, plastics or other Materials and roof coverings, which may favor energy absorption, harmonious coloring or coating, which as far as possible the efficiency of the solar Roof systems are or can be increased, there is the possibility, as far as possible solar energy as well as the warm outside and exhaust air as well as the targeted warm rear ventilation regenerative in connection with the other possible combinations, variants and Versions for complete water heating and for heating purposes.

The realization is both about the new building and the reconstruction of old roof systems possible, the energy gained z. B. at temperatures above + 50 ° C directly into the memory can be initiated for the provision of hot water or for heating purposes. At temperatures e.g. B. between + 30- + 50 ° C, the energy could be correspondingly large Buffer storage or for heating purposes, also be given to underfloor heating. If the temperatures are below + 30 ° C, z. B. the brine directly to a heat pump Provided and the energy can be absorbed down to approx. -8 ° C, maximum up to -15 ° C.

Normally, about 2/3 of the total energy required, often more for heating purposes, mostly only for about 8 months but especially on a few cold days a lot and approx. 1/3 needed for the provision of process water, which is fairly uniform all year round. Although not always necessary, there is a possibility of using this 1/3 of energy in conjunction with the Energy of the wastewater and possibly also when using the energy of the rainwater Heat pumps according to the climatic and other possibilities, conditions and Performance requirements for coupling with corresponding thermal switchgear also in the to use the necessary energy for the cold season completely sufficiently and cheaply Provision of hot water and heating needs completely and in substantial Saving dimensions of fossil fuels.

Such targeted when rear-ventilated solar roof systems of different roofing for more effective Obtaining solar and renewable energies through the classification of different usable ones Heat exchangers that are laid and connected under the usable roof coverings so that an aesthetic, beautiful and harmonious image can be preserved and designed on the outside but in particular as much as possible and necessary to use the solar roof area Solar energy as well as the warm outside and exhaust air as well as the rear ventilation can, is available and also on the use of heat pumps with the use of the Wastewater and possibly also rainwater can be combined, are not yet known.

Roof systems and systems are known in which the use of solar and regenerative Thermal energy separated from each other and by expensive technical effort as well as unsightly and Mostly expensive assemblies, attachments and installations are carried out and are often only possible to a limited extent.

The purpose and aim of the invention is to secure energy production for industrial water and for Heating purposes largely in the specifically warm ventilated solar roof systems harmonious, beautiful and versatile, different heat exchangers with which both the energy of the sun, the warm outside air, the exhaust air as well as the rear ventilation via the Use of specially selected and suitable heat pumps effectively used and with the Recovery of the energy of the wastewater and possibly the rainwater can be combined.

It is also about these solar roof systems, combinations, variants and designs that can comply with the lightweight construction and assembly principle, environmentally friendly, fast and with the to produce and make available the least amount of construction work in an economically advantageous manner Plants without being able to remove residues.

The invention has for its object the production of hot water and for Heating purposes via heat pumps as well as the installation of these solar roof systems design and the at a favorable price-performance ratio in kits or packages To provide installers for heating / cooling, heating, plumbing, electrical, etc. At the same time, this invention is intended for both trade and industry, but in particular also the development of low-energy and passive houses that serve all Possibilities usually get by without conventional oil and gas heating and chimneys.

Even water stored in cheap containers in the pointed bottom, which warms up there and is to be used as water in the garden during the growing season as well as water, acts like an overlapping buffer storage for energy in winter. B. 1 m ³ = 1,000 l of water releases approximately 20 kWh when cooled from approx. + 18 ° C to approx. + 1 ° C.

Since with optimal use of the roof surfaces as a solar and regenerative energy source this, possibly in Connection with the other options shown in the normal case for covering the Warm water and heating requirements are sufficient in most cases the often expensive or impossible drilling of wells and the complex laying of pipes to be dispensed with, because sometimes there is no space available for this, and so that used area also cools down and suffers.

When using solar energy instead of extracting geothermal energy and other regenerative With the help of solar panels and heat pumps, the heat collection and the affects Withdrawing energy from the roof tends to be cheaper than extracting geothermal energy and thus often too strong cooling of the soil and the climate in the direct and closer surroundings, which can can lead to growth and construction damage and the formation of frost bubbles.

Through the possible combination of the different roof coverings with the appropriate ones Heat exchangers and their possible bridging and replacement as well as the use of the further complex and sufficient variants and designs result for the optimum coverage of the hot water and heating requirements with the lowest maintenance requirements Possibilities, so that every consumer has its interests and most favorable conditions can search for the most important, aesthetic and inexpensive solutions accordingly.

Claims (1)

1. This invention relates to the optimal use of largely and specifically warm ventilated roofs and heat exchangers of various types, the installation of which is possible in almost all roof systems and under almost all roof coverings, and which, supported by the warm rear ventilation, are themselves themselves an enormous heat accumulator, thereby with the help of specially selected, developed and suitable heat pump systems, solar roofs and lightweight solar roofs, or e.g. B. Solar roof systems are being developed into solar and regenerative heat energy sources which, as calculations show, may be cost-effective in combination with the possible combinations in the complex. Variants and designs are normally sufficient to cover the hot water and heating requirements, serve to create a harmonious and beautiful roof design and save expensive well drilling, etc., characterized by the following features: 1. This invention relates to the optimal use of largely and specifically warm ventilated roofs and heat exchangers of various types, the installation of which is possible in almost all roof systems and under almost all roof coverings and which are supported by the warm rear ventilation, in most cases, an enormous heat store, which means that With the help of specially selected, developed and suitable heat pump systems, solar roofs ( 1 ) and solar light roofs ( 2 ), or e.g. B. Solar roof systems are being developed into solar and regenerative heat energy sources which, as calculations show, may be cost-effective in combination with the combinations, variants and designs possible in the complex, which are normally sufficient to cover the hot water and heating requirements. serve to create a harmonious and beautiful roof image and expensive well drilling, etc. can be saved. 2. The realization is possible in that before the installation and application of the cushions for the different roof coverings on the roof trusses or roof beams over a good thermal insulation ( 4 ), as is usually the case, a longer-lasting, sweat and condensation water permeable to the top and possibly a little nubbed, but downward water-repellent film or tarpaulin ( 5 ) may be applied a little sagging, water may be drained into the gutters and through the most convenient places through pipes, channels, ventilation slots ( 6 ) etc. the warm exhaust air from the top floor and the warm outside air can be conducted via these, if possible conductive and collecting ventilation slots ( 7 ) on the roof overhangs ( 8 ) to the roofs and heat exchangers and on. 3. On these foils or tarpaulins between and or behind the roof battens of the respective roof coverings, which are particularly impregnated against moisture or have been replaced by metal or plastic angles, profiles, etc. protected against corrosion, are named as requirements ( 9 ) as follows z. B. Brine pipe or hose lines or other heat exchangers ( 10 ), overall named so, in the required dimensions and with the required distributions made of metal, plastics or the like materials in the necessary and different sizes and designs according to the possibilities and conditions attached accordingly and arranged that they do not disturb the roof covering and can serve as solar roofs, lightweight solar roofs and solar roof systems for energy generation in almost all places, sides and cardinal points. 4. It can also be arranged under the respective pan, beaver tail, trapeze, etc., or to be designed simple roof panels made of metal, plastics or the like materials of various sizes and designs, flat walls so that dense, e.g. B. Brine leading solar lightweight roof panels are created and so the radiation energy of the sun can be used directly. 5. However, there is also. Possibility, on the back of the simple roof tiles or under other roof coverings also other, e.g. B. Brine-passing plates collectors, mats, profiles, channels, pipes, hoses, etc. made of stainless steel, copper or other metals, plastics, etc., all named as heat exchangers, in the required dimensions and with the required distributions well connected to each other in a heat-conducting and energy-transferring manner , underlaid, attached etc. and thus viewed from the outside look the same and beautiful looking solar roof panels, largely as targeted warm ventilated solar light roofs as well as heavy, high buffered energy, not badged solar roofs and thus harmonious, aesthetic and elegant solar roof systems be created. 6. With the solar lightweight roof panels, which are different in width and length, z. B. about 1 m wide, up to about 8 m long and about 1 cm or more or less flat, z. B. thereby largely the possibility to lay and connect these with the other, superficially looking, simple roof tiles so that much, especially radiation energy can be obtained and from the outside uniform and beautiful solar light roofs can be designed. 7. The heat pump systems can, taking into account the most favorable conditions and requirements, serve both as direct evaporation, brine or air-water heat pumps or combined to cover the entire hot water and heating requirements, thereby avoiding the accumulation of condensate due to excessive cooling the air is automatically controlled by increased energy generation via the heat exchangers in the roof areas in accordance with these conditions as well as the need and coverage options for the increased extraction and use of the often still warm, but mostly moist, rear ventilation and, after the heat energy has been exhausted, is led to the outside or possibly can also be used for room ventilation and its possible dehumidification. 8. In comparison to the area required by means of heat pumps for the extraction of heat from the ground, on homes or medium-sized dwellings with roof areas of approx. 150-200 m and also on larger buildings, sufficiently ventilated solar roof areas can be targeted on almost all sides, especially in particular for the necessary heat reserves, which can be available especially during the cold winter days for the use of solar energy as well as the warm outside and exhaust air with the help of heat pumps and the other possible combinations as a basis and prerequisite for full coverage of the energy requirement and thus the expensive ones , often because of the lack of space, possibly impossible well drilling and burying pipes, which can result in high costs. 9. Brick coverings load the roofs including the brine with approx. 50 kg per m ² , with a roof area of 200 m ² this is approx. 100 dt, however they have a high heat storage capacity and therefore also a good buffering capacity. 10. On the other hand, metal light roofs, including the brine, have a weight of only approx. 12 dt, but as solar light roofs they can use and transmit the direct radiation energy of the Senne better and faster and should therefore be largely exposed to their radiation. 11. With both roofing there is due to their mass and the large roof areas in connection with the good heat exchange also through the targeted, warm rear ventilation and thus their high and fast energy storage capacity, which are of great importance for the heat exchange in most cases the good possibility to use these potencies for the full hot water supply and also for heating purposes. 12. This high heat energy that can be stored with both covers can be achieved by the targeted warm rear ventilation and the laying z. B. from specially selected and suitable, with the calculated diameter and distance, the required length and possibly the needs and conditions corresponding heat exchangers under the roof coverings, possibly via distributors in several strands horizontally ( 11 ) from bottom to top or via others Heat exchanger also skimmed vertically ( 12 ) and, in conjunction with the options shown, serve as a solar roof, lightweight solar roof or as a solar roof system and thus as a balanced, solar and regenerative heat energy source. 13. Through the targeted good and warm rear ventilation, which must be guaranteed especially under and also between the roof battens or beams attached to the roof trusses or cushions and also ensures the implementation of lines and possibly also heat exchangers, is the direct and supported use ambient air temperature possible. 14.Thanks to this warm rear ventilation, other usable thermal energy is supplied to the solar roofs in addition to the solar radiation, and this is particularly important, although pin ensures good energy exchange, but also in connection with this, the extraction of this rear ventilation to further exhaust the still high thermal energy of this warm and humid air and the prevention of condensation. 15. In favorable cases, when the heat energy of the extracted air is exhausted, the targeted warm rear ventilation via the heat pump is sufficient without using the brine heat exchanger possibly installed in the roof, especially in the summer months to cover the hot water and heating requirements, possibly in connection with the recovery of the thermal energy of the wastewater. 16. To introduce and continue the z. B. mostly the energy-transporting, depending on the concentration to about -20 ° C tolerable brine, this z. B. according to the need in one or after distribution in several pipe or hose lines or heat exchangers before covering from below starting horizontally between the roof battens or cushions up to the roof ridge and from there again led to the heat pump. 17. In order to run pipe or pipe with horizontal laying of the brine. To be able to insert hose strands above between the next battens or overlays, gaps must be created at the necessary points, which after laying the pipe or hose strands through them z. B. can be closed with galvanized angle or U-plate. 18. In the case of vertical laying, connection hoses which are not visible from the outside are attached from the distribution pipe or hose to the heat exchangers and from there to the collecting pipe or hose located at the top, which may also be caused by defective heat exchangers, even if repairs are hardly expected, etc. simply bypassed or exchanged and the hoses can be quickly connected and disconnected. 19. Both the warm outside air ( 13 ), which rises warmly on the walls of the building, gables, winter gardens, etc., and that of any ventilated walls, the temperature of which, especially when it is cold, is higher than that of the more distant outside air To be able to use warm exhaust air ( 14 ) from the building, there is an inexpensive way to integrate this warm air into the targeted, warm rear ventilation ( 15 ) of the solar roof systems. 20. This can be done via, for the targeted warm rear ventilation of the solar roof systems, protected from animal hatching, conductive and collecting ventilation slots under the roof overhangs and also in suitable places in the attic with the aim of introducing them as low loss as possible to the If necessary, bring solar roof panels and heat exchangers in a targeted manner via baffles and other guide devices ( 16 ) and exit under the ventilation slits, which are designed to be as sure-footed as possible and also protected from precipitation and animal hatch, in front of the simple roof ridge ( 17 ), which is also provided with fastening options for roof ladders allow. 21. Another possibility is to get this warm and humid air, which is still a good source of energy, by means of a controlled suction ( 18 ) and a targeted recovery of the heat energy via heat pumps and heat exchangers in connection with the prevention of the formation of condensation, which is caused by overload it is possible to use it further. 22. When separated from the exhaust air, it is possible to use the outside air for room ventilation. The advantage here is that the air which is largely dehumidified by the cooling can serve to dehumidify, in particular, also individual rooms which are at risk of moisture damage. 23.Thanks to these targeted, warm, rear-ventilated solar roof systems, lightweight solar roofs, solar roofs and thus the solar roof panels and heat exchangers made of metal, plastics or other materials and roof coverings, which may have a harmonious coloring or a favorable effect on energy consumption Coating that is or can be increased to the degree of effectiveness of the solar roof systems, there is the possibility of using as much solar energy as possible, as well as the warm outside and exhaust air, as well as the targeted, warm rear ventilation in conjunction with the other possible combinations and variants and designs for complete hot water preparation and for heating purposes. 24. Realization is possible both through the new building and through the reconstruction of old roof systems. B. at temperatures above + 50 ° C can be initiated directly in the storage for hot water supply or for heating purposes. At temperatures e.g. B. between + 30- + 50 ° C, the energy could be given to appropriately large buffer stores or for heating purposes, also underfloor heating. If the temperatures are below + 30 ° C, z. B. the brine is made available directly to a heat pump and the energy is absorbed down to approx. -8 ° C and up to -15 ° C. 25. Normally, about 2/3 of the total energy required, often more for heating purposes, usually only for about 8 months, but especially on a few cold days, a particularly large amount and about 1/3 for the fairly even supply of hot water all year round , Although not always necessary, there is the possibility to use this 1/3 energy in connection with the energy of the wastewater and possibly also when using the energy of the rainwater via heat pumps according to the climatic and other possibilities, conditions and performance requirements when coupled with appropriate thermal switchgear to use it sufficiently and inexpensively, even in the cold season, to completely secure the necessary energy for the provision of process water and heating and to save fossil fuels to a considerable extent.