DE10128343A1 - Large-scale, simultaneous methane production from liquid and solid biomass in combination fermenter without homogenizer, uses partition wall to seal off fermenting material - Google Patents

Large-scale, simultaneous methane production from liquid and solid biomass in combination fermenter without homogenizer, uses partition wall to seal off fermenting material

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Publication number
DE10128343A1
DE10128343A1 DE10128343A DE10128343A DE10128343A1 DE 10128343 A1 DE10128343 A1 DE 10128343A1 DE 10128343 A DE10128343 A DE 10128343A DE 10128343 A DE10128343 A DE 10128343A DE 10128343 A1 DE10128343 A1 DE 10128343A1
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fermenter
liquid
layer
separating
floating
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Manfred Hoffmann
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/02—Percolation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M39/00—Means for cleaning the apparatus or avoiding unwanted deposits of microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/02—Separating microorganisms from the culture medium; Concentration of biomass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

Method for large-scale, simultaneous methane production from liquid and solid biomass in a combination fermenter without homogenizer uses a partition wall to seal off the fermenting material.

Description

Der Stand der Technik bei der Flüssigfermentation vorzugsweise von Gülle ist durch die Einhaltung der Pumpfähigkeitsgrenze von ca. 13% TS für das Substrat und eine laufende Homogenisierungsbedürftigkeit mit einem mechanisch gesteuerten Substrattransport im Fermenter gekennzeichnet. Durch diese technischen Vorgaben werden die Transportwürdigkeit des Faulgutes bei der Entsorgung, der Prozeßenergiebedarf und die Investitionskosten stark negativ beeinflußt. Vorbekannt ist aber auch durch DE 299 02 143 U die besondere Konstruktion eines Gleitschichtfermenters, in welchem durch eine geringe Schräglage der Massenvorschub des Substrates durch Hangabtrift gefördert wird. Durch eine Kombination des Verfahrens eines Gleitschichtfermenters mit dem eines Flüssigfermenters können in einem Kombifermenter obige Nachteile in der herkömmlichen Flüssigfermentation vermieden werden. Dieser Kombifermenter besteht aus einem gasdichten Einschleusungsteil für Flüsssigkeiten und Feststoffen besteht, einem Fermenterteil und einem gasdichten Ausschleusungsteil, in welchem lediglich einige bauliche Adaptionen vorgenommen:
The state of the art in liquid fermentation, preferably of liquid manure, is characterized by compliance with the pumpability limit of approx. 13% DM for the substrate and a constant need for homogenization with a mechanically controlled substrate transport in the fermenter. These technical specifications have a very negative influence on the transportability of the digested material during disposal, the process energy requirement and the investment costs. However, it is also known from DE 299 02 143 U the special construction of a sliding layer fermenter in which the mass advance of the substrate is promoted by slope drift due to a slight inclined position. By combining the method of a sliding layer fermenter with that of a liquid fermenter, the above disadvantages in conventional liquid fermentation can be avoided in a combiner fermenter. This combi-fermenter consists of a gas-tight infeed section for liquids and solids, a fermenter section and a gas-tight outfeed section, in which only a few structural adaptations are made:

  • - Den Abschluss des Fermenterteils bildet eine Stauwand im Sinne eines Stauwehrs.- The end of the fermenter section is formed by a dam wall in the sense of a weir.
  • - Der Ausschleusungsteil wird als spezifische Trenngosse (Separiergosse) mit getrennter Austragevorrichtung für die flüssigen und festen Substratanteile ausgebildet.- The discharge part is a specific separating gutter (separating gutter) with a separate one Discharge device designed for the liquid and solid substrate components.

Durch eine entsprechende verfahrenstechnische Manipulation der entstehenden Schichtenbildungen (Sink-, Flüssigkeits- und Schwimmschicht) lassen sich die gewünschten Effekte erzielen, wie aus nachfolgender Verfahrensbeschreibung hervorgeht.By a corresponding process engineering manipulation of the resulting Layer formation (sink, liquid and floating layer) can be the desired Achieve effects, as can be seen from the following process description.

Im siphonartig ausgebildeten Einschleusungsteil werden gemeinsam oder getrennt, kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich die methanisierbaren flüssigen (z. B. Gülle) und festen Ausgangsstoffe (z. B. Gras) in den Fermenter eingeführt. Durch eine Überstauung mit rezirkuliertem Substrat aus der Flüssigkeitsschicht wird sichergestellt, dass der Feststoffanteil optimal mit Methanbakterien durchtränkt und das Material auch restlos eingespült wird.In the siphon-shaped introduction part, together or separately, continuously or discontinuously the methanizable liquids (e.g. liquid manure) and solid Raw materials (e.g. grass) are introduced into the fermenter. Through an overflow with Recirculated substrate from the liquid layer ensures that the solids content optimally saturated with methane bacteria and the material is also completely washed in.

Im Fermenterteil sortieren sich diese Stoffe gewichtsspezifisch in die 3 Schichten. Um eine stärkere mittige Konzentration der Sinkschicht zu erzielen, erhält der Boden neben dem obligatorischen Längsgefälle von 1-2% auch noch ein Quergefälle. Im Fermenterteil befindet sich neben dem Gasabzug auch noch eine Perkolationsvorrichtung, damit die Schwimmschicht periodisch perkoliert werden kann. Den Abschluss des Fermenterteils bildet eine Stauwand, über welche die Schwimmdecke gleitet, wenn sich ein entsprechender Flüssigkeitsstand ausgebildet hat. Durch einen regulierbaren Abzug für die Flüssigkeits- und einen regulierbaren bodennahen Abzug für die Sinkschicht in der Stauwand läßt sich die Verweilzeit der Substratanteile steuern. Die Schwimmdeckenteile gelangen im Ausschleusungsteil auf einen perforierten Gossenboden, der der Separierung dient: die Schwimmdecke wird in eine Hebe- und Fördervorrichtung geleitet (z. B. eine Förderschnecke), während die abgetropfte Flüssigkeit im darunterliegenden Pumpensumpf gesammelt wird. Damit die Feststoffphase möglichst abtropffrei ausgeschleust werden kann, sind perforierte Wandungen bei den Hebe- bzw. Fördereinrichtungen vorgesehen. Die Gasdichtigkeit im Ausschleusungsteil wird beispielsweise durch Gummilippendichtungen am Förderschneckenende erreicht. Um mögliche randständige Verklebungen im Bereich der Schwimmdecke zu vermeiden, werden entsprechende technische Vorkehrungsmassnahmen vorgesehen:
In the fermenter section, these substances are sorted by weight into the 3 layers. In order to achieve a stronger central concentration of the sink layer, the soil is given a transverse slope in addition to the obligatory longitudinal gradient of 1-2%. In addition to the gas outlet, there is also a percolation device in the fermenter section so that the floating layer can be periodically percolated. The end of the fermenter section is formed by a damming wall over which the floating cover slides when a corresponding liquid level has developed. The dwell time of the substrate components can be controlled by an adjustable discharge for the liquid layer and an adjustable discharge close to the ground for the sink layer in the dam wall. The floating blanket parts reach a perforated gutter floor in the discharge section, which is used for separation: the floating blanket is fed into a lifting and conveying device (e.g. a screw conveyor), while the drained liquid is collected in the pump sump below. To ensure that the solid phase can be discharged without dripping, perforated walls are provided in the lifting and conveying devices. The gas tightness in the discharge part is achieved, for example, by rubber lip seals at the screw end. In order to avoid possible marginal gluing in the area of the floating blanket, appropriate technical precautionary measures are provided:

  • - umlaufende perforierte Rohrleitungen, die periodisch mit komprimiertem Biogas beaufschlagt werden- Circular perforated pipelines, periodically with compressed biogas  be charged
  • - randständig umlaufende seilgeführte messer- oder fräsenartige Trennkörper, die periodisch umlaufen- Edge-running rope-guided knife- or milling-like separating bodies that periodically circulate
  • - randständig angeordnete Schläuche, die periodisch mit Flüssigkeit geflutet werden. Das Flüssigkeitsmanagement wird über eine Mehrweg-Ventilgesteuerte Dickstoffpumpe im Pumpensumpf unterhalb Gosse bewerkstelligt:- Hoses arranged at the edges, which are periodically flooded with liquid. Liquid management is via a reusable valve-controlled thick matter pump in the Pump sump accomplished below gutter:
  • - Steuerung der Verweilzeit über den Flüssigkeitsstand- Control of the dwell time via the liquid level
  • - Ausschleusung der Flüssigkeit aus dem Fermenter- Removal of the liquid from the fermenter
  • - periodische Berieselung der Schwimmschicht und gegf. Flutung der wandständigen Schläuche im Fermenterteil- periodic sprinkling of the floating layer and if necessary. Flooding the wall Hoses in the fermenter section
  • - Bereitstellung der Überstauflüssigkeit für die Feststoffeinspülung.- Provision of the excess liquid for the flushing in of solids.

Die Fermenterform ist frei wählbar. Soll die Anlage statt kontinuierlich - wie beschrieben - diskontinuierlich (batch-Verfahren) betrieben werden, entfällt lediglich die Stauwand und mehrere Einzel-Fermenter werden im technologisch Verbund verschaltet.The fermenter shape is freely selectable. Should the system be used instead of continuously - as described - are operated discontinuously (batch process), only the baffle and several individual fermenters are interconnected in the technological network.

Claims (11)

1. Vorrichtung zur mengenmäßig uneingeschränkten gleichzeitigen Methanisierung flüssiger und fester Biomassen in einem homogenisierungsfrei betriebenen Kombifermenter mit Stauwand und phasenseparierter Entsorgung des Faulgut dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Ferment durch eine wehrartige Stauwand abgeschlossen wird.1. Device for the quantitative unrestricted simultaneous methanization of liquid and solid biomass in a homogenization-free operated combiner with baffle and phase-separated disposal of the digested material, characterized in that the ferment is completed by a weir-like baffle. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schwimmschicht über die Stauwand in eine Separiergosse im Ausschleusungsteil gleitet.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating layer over the The dam wall slides into a separating gutter in the discharge section. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 u. 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Separiergosse eine Trennung der anhaftenden Flüssigkeit an der Sink- und Schwimmschicht durch eine Perforierung in der Separiergosse erfolgt.3. The method according to claim 1 u. 2, characterized in that in the separating gutter Separation of the adhering liquid on the sink and floating layer by a Perforation takes place in the separating gutter. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die Separiergosse Hebe- und Förderwerkzeuge zur abtropfarmen Austragung des Feststoffanteils im Faulgut integriert sind.4. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized in that in the separating gutter lifting and conveyor tools for low-drip discharge of the solid matter in the digested material are. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unterhalb der Separiergosse eine Dickstoffpumpe mit Mehrwegsteuerung die pumpfähigen Faulgüter fördert.5. The method according to claim 1-4, characterized in that below the separating gutter a thick matter pump with reusable control that promotes pumpable digests. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Randschichtenbildungen und am Fermenter anhaftende Verkrustungen der Schwimmdecke durch Trennvorrichtungen verhindert werden.6. The method according to claim 1-5, characterized in that boundary layer formations and Encrusting of the floating roof adhering to the fermenter through separating devices be prevented. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch eine Ausbildung des Fermenterbodens als Schiefe Ebene sich die Sinkschicht am Ende der Schiefen Ebene sammelt.7. The method according to claim 1-6, characterized in that by training the As the inclined plane, the sink layer collects at the end of the inclined plane. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sinkschicht durch Pumpen aus dem Fermenter ausgetragen wird.8. The method according to claim 1-7, characterized in that the sink layer through Pumps is discharged from the fermenter. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schwimmschicht und das Substrat im Einschleusungsteil des Fermenters mit Flüssigkeit aus der Flüssigkeitsschicht perkuliert werden.9. The method according to claim 1-8, characterized in that the floating layer and the Substrate in the infeed part of the fermenter with liquid from the liquid layer be perculated. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verweildauer der Schwimmschicht im Fermenter durch den steuerbaren Pegelstand der Flüssigkeitsschicht manipuliert wird.10. The method according to claim 1-9, characterized in that the residence time of the Floating layer in the fermenter due to the controllable level of the liquid layer is manipulated. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch aktivieren bzw. inaktivieren der Stauwand ein fallweiser Wechsel zwischen kontinuierlichen und batch- Verfahren des Fermenters möglich ist.11. The method according to claim 1-10, characterized in that by activating or deactivate the dam wall a case-by-case change between continuous and batch Process of the fermenter is possible.
DE10128343A 2001-06-12 2001-06-12 Large-scale, simultaneous methane production from liquid and solid biomass in combination fermenter without homogenizer, uses partition wall to seal off fermenting material Withdrawn DE10128343A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007049479A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-04-23 Andreas Freudenberg Producing biogas e.g. methane by anaerobically decomposing solid biomasses e.g. dung in biogas plant, comprises introducing the biomass into process liquid of fermenter on the filler side, and transferring fermenting residue to filter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007049479A1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2009-04-23 Andreas Freudenberg Producing biogas e.g. methane by anaerobically decomposing solid biomasses e.g. dung in biogas plant, comprises introducing the biomass into process liquid of fermenter on the filler side, and transferring fermenting residue to filter
DE102007049479B4 (en) * 2007-10-16 2010-11-18 Andreas Freudenberg Method and device for biogas production

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