DE10125415A1 - Apparatus for the measurement of respiratory gases converts exhaled air into the correct composition of breathing air using a non-dispersive infra red spectroscope - Google Patents
Apparatus for the measurement of respiratory gases converts exhaled air into the correct composition of breathing air using a non-dispersive infra red spectroscopeInfo
- Publication number
- DE10125415A1 DE10125415A1 DE10125415A DE10125415A DE10125415A1 DE 10125415 A1 DE10125415 A1 DE 10125415A1 DE 10125415 A DE10125415 A DE 10125415A DE 10125415 A DE10125415 A DE 10125415A DE 10125415 A1 DE10125415 A1 DE 10125415A1
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- carbon dioxide
- breathing air
- cooling
- deposition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001745 non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910019445 Mg(ClO4) Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 210000000867 larynx Anatomy 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
- G01N33/0016—Sample conditioning by regulating a physical variable, e.g. pressure or temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/004—CO or CO2
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
- G01N21/61—Non-dispersive gas analysers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Patienten auf Intensivstationen werden zum Zwecke der Entlastung ihres Blutkreislaufs häufig mit einem Gas beatmet, dessen Sauerstoffgehalt gegenüber dem der atmosphärischen Luft beträchtlich angereichert ist. Ein orotrachealer Tubus führt dem Patienten reinen Sauerstoff oder ein Sauerstoff-Stickstoff-Gemisch mit einem Sauerstoff-Gehalt von etwa 80 Vol.% oder mehr Sauerstoff zu. Andererseits besteht ein großes Interesse daran, den Stoffwechsel-Zustand gerade solcher Patienten laufend zu kontrollieren, um umgehend eingreifen zu können, wenn dieser Zustand kritische Parameter erreicht. Hierfür bieten sich 13C-Atemtests an, bei denen den Probanden 13C- markierte chemische Verbindungen verabreicht werden. In bestimmten Zeitabständen nach deren Aufnahme wird gemessen, wie schnell diese Stoffe im Organismus des Patienten abgebaut und als 13C-markiertes Kohlendioxid mit der Atemluft ausgeschieden werden. Diese Geschwindigkeit kann zur Beurteilung des klinischen Zustands des Patienten, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Leistungsfähigkeit seiner Leber, seiner Bauchspeicheldrüse oder seines Magen-Darm Trakts, herangezogen werden. Solche 13C-Atemtests haben seit der Mitte der 80-er Jahre des vorigen Jahrhunderts Einzug gehalten in die medizinische Forschung und in die klinische Diagnostik. Die Messung des 13CO2/12CO2-Verhältnisses in der Atemluft geschieht entweder massenspektrometrisch oder mittels der nichtdispersiven Infrarotspektrometrie (NDIR- Spektrometrie), wobei die letztere, im Vergleich zur Massenspektrometrie viel einfachere und weniger kostspielige Variante gerade bei der Untersuchung der Atemluft intubierter Patienten auf eine Schwierigkeit stößt: Die bei Messungen im Bereich des Atmosphärendrucks schon merkliche Druckverbreiterung der Hyperfeinstruktur der Absorptionsspektren führt zu einer zunehmenden Überlappung der Absorptionsbanden des 13CO2 und des 12CO2 mit steigendem Sauerstoffgehalt. Es steigt die Querempfindlichkeit und es sinkt die Messgenauigkeit also mit zunehmendem Sauerstoffgehalt. Die Folge davon ist, dass die Messung des 13CO2/12CO2-Verhältnisses in der Atemluft intubierter Probanden mittels NDIR-Spektrometrie gestört wird durch den gegenüber der Zusammensetzung der Luft erhöhten Sauerstoffgehalt der Atemluft. Bisher umgeht man diese Störung, indem man die Atemluft der intubierten Probanden mit Stickstoff verdünnt, bis der Sauerstoffgehalt auf den der normalen Atemluft gesunken ist. Freilich nimmt man dabei in Kauf, dass die Messsignale für 13CO2 und 12CO2 und damit die Messgenauigkeit um den Faktor 4 bis 5 verringert werden.Patients in intensive care units are often ventilated with a gas whose oxygen content is significantly enriched compared to that of the atmospheric air in order to relieve their blood circulation. An orotracheal tube supplies the patient with pure oxygen or an oxygen-nitrogen mixture with an oxygen content of approximately 80% by volume or more oxygen. On the other hand, there is great interest in continuously monitoring the metabolic state of such patients in order to be able to intervene immediately if this state reaches critical parameters. 13 C breath tests are recommended for this, in which the test subjects are given 13 C-labeled chemical compounds. At certain intervals after their intake, it is measured how quickly these substances are broken down in the patient's organism and excreted as 13 C-labeled carbon dioxide in the breathing air. This speed can be used to assess the clinical condition of the patient, in particular with regard to the performance of his liver, pancreas or gastrointestinal tract. Such 13 C breath tests have been used in medical research and clinical diagnostics since the mid-1980s. The measurement of the 13 CO 2/12 CO 2 ratio in the breath is done either by mass spectrometry or intubated As the investigation of the breathing air by means of the non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR spectrometry), the latter, in comparison to the mass spectrometry simpler much and less expensive variant Patients encountered a difficulty: The noticeable pressure broadening of the hyperfine structure of the absorption spectra during measurements in the area of atmospheric pressure leads to an increasing overlap of the absorption bands of 13 CO 2 and 12 CO 2 with increasing oxygen content. The cross sensitivity increases and the measuring accuracy decreases with increasing oxygen content. The result is that the measurement of the 13 CO 2 / 12CO is disturbed 2 ratio in the breath intubated subjects using NDIR spectrometry by the composition of the air over the increased oxygen content of the breathing air. So far, this problem has been avoided by diluting the breathing air of the intubated test subjects with nitrogen until the oxygen content has dropped to that of the normal breathing air. Of course, one accepts that the measurement signals for 13 CO 2 and 12 CO 2 and thus the measurement accuracy are reduced by a factor of 4 to 5.
Es ist das Ziel der Erfindung, diesen Mangel zu beheben. Das Wesen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, das vom Probanden ausgeatmete Kohlendioxid durch Kühlung, durch Sorption oder durch eine Kombination von Kühlung und Sorption aus der ausgeatmeten Luft abzuscheiden und anschließend zu verdampfen, zu desublimieren bzw. zu desorbieren und einem Gas beizumischen, dessen Zusammensetzung etwa derjenigen normaler Atemluft entspricht. Im Interesse einer hohen Messgenauigkeit sollte dieses Gas vor dem Zudosieren des vom Probanden ausgeatmeten Kohlendioxids kein Kohlendioxid enthalten und im Hinblick auf die Hauptbestandteile der Zusammensetzung der atmosphärischen Luft entsprechen. Nach dem Zudosieren des vom Probanden ausgeatmeten Kohlendioxids sollte das Gas einen der Atemluft entsprechenden Kohlendioxidgehalt (also etwa 2 bis 5 Vol-%) aufweisen, damit in üblicher Weise geeichte NDIR-Geräte für die Ausführung von 13C-Atemtests verwendet werden können.The aim of the invention is to remedy this deficiency. The essence of the method according to the invention is to separate the carbon dioxide exhaled by the test person from the exhaled air by cooling, by sorption or by a combination of cooling and sorption and then to vaporize, desublimate or desorb and to add a gas, the composition of which is approximately corresponds to that of normal breathing air. In the interest of high measuring accuracy, this gas should not contain any carbon dioxide before metering in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the test subject and should correspond to the composition of the atmospheric air with regard to the main components. After metering in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the test person, the gas should have a carbon dioxide content corresponding to the breathing air (i.e. about 2 to 5% by volume) so that NDIR devices calibrated in the usual way can be used to carry out 13 C breath tests.
Wenn die Abscheidung des Kohlendioxids aus der Atemluft durch Kühlung bewirkt werden soll, dann können Peltierelemente, Kältemittel oder kleine Kältemaschinen eingesetzt werden, wie das in den Ansprüchen 2, 3, 4, 5 und 6 zum Ausdruck gebracht wird. Als Kältemittel ist flüssige Luft bzw. flüssiger Stickstoff besonders geeignet. Wie in den Ansprüchen 7 und 8 erwähnt, kann die Abscheidung des Kohlendioxids aus der Atemluft intubierter Patienten auch durch Absorption mittels einer Flüssigkeit bewirkt werden. Wenn hierfür Natronlauge oder die wässrige Lösung einer anderen starken Base verwendet wird, so erfolgt die Wiederfreisetzung des Kohlendioxids durch Zusatz einer äquivalenten Menge bzw. eines Überschusses einer starken Säure wie Salzsäure oder Schwefelsäure. When the separation of carbon dioxide from the air we breathe is caused by cooling then Peltier elements, refrigerants or small chillers are used, as expressed in claims 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 becomes. Liquid air or liquid nitrogen is particularly suitable as a refrigerant. As mentioned in claims 7 and 8, the deposition of carbon dioxide can occur the breathing air of intubated patients also by absorption with a liquid be effected. If for this sodium hydroxide solution or the aqueous solution of another strong base is used, the carbon dioxide is released again by Add an equivalent amount or excess of a strong acid such as Hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
Wie im Anspruch 9 herausgestellt wird, ist es besonders vorteilhaft, die zur Absorption des Kohlendioxids verwendete Flüssigkeit im Gegenstrom zur Atemluft des Probanden zu führen, weil dann eine weitergehende Abtrennung des Kohlendioxids gelingt und so eine Verfälschung des zu messenden 13CO2/12CO2-Verhältnisses vermieden wird. Der hierfür erforderliche Stoff- und Isotopenaustausch zwischen flüssiger und fester Phase kann durch Einbauten bzw. Füllkörper in der Gegenstromanordnung intensiviert werden.As will be pointed out in the claim 9, it is particularly advantageous to conduct the liquid used for absorption of the carbon dioxide in countercurrent to the breath of the subject, because then achieves a more extensive separation of the carbon dioxide and so a distortion of the measured 13 CO 2/12 CO 2 Ratio is avoided. The material and isotope exchange between the liquid and solid phases required for this can be intensified by internals or packing elements in the counterflow arrangement.
Vorteile bietet auch die Anwendung von Adsorbentien bei der Abscheidung des Kohlendioxids aus der Atemluft intubierter Probanden, wie das in den Ansprüchen 10, 11 und 12 zum Ausdruck gebracht wird. In den Ansprüchen 11 und 12 werden die besonderen Vorteile einer Kombination von Adsorption und Kühlung bei der Abscheidung des Kohlendioxids hervorgehoben.The use of adsorbents in the separation of the also offers advantages Carbon dioxide from the breath of intubated subjects, such as that in claims 10, 11 and 12 is expressed. In claims 11 and 12, the particular advantages of a combination of adsorption and cooling in the Separation of carbon dioxide highlighted.
In vielen Krankenhäusern und größeren Arztpraxen wird Sauerstoff nicht aus Druckflaschen bereitgestellt, sondern entweder größeren, mit flüssigem Sauerstoff beschickten Tanks entnommen oder an Ort und Stelle in einer Luftverflüssigungsanlage mit anschließender Tieftemperaturdestillation erzeugt. Es liegt nahe, in diesen Fällen die von solchen Aggregaten bereitgestellte Kälte für die Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zu nutzen, wie das im Anspruch 13 zum Ausdruck kommt.In many hospitals and larger medical practices, oxygen does not go out Pressure cylinders are provided, but either larger, with liquid oxygen removed from loaded tanks or on site in an air liquefaction plant with subsequent low-temperature distillation. It stands to reason in these cases the cold provided by such units for the realization of the Use method according to the invention, as expressed in claim 13 comes.
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels soll das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren unter
Benutzung der Fig. 1, 2 und 3 näher erläutert werden. Darin bedeuten:
1, 2 und 3 Absperrorgane
4 Wärmeaustauscher
5 NDIR-Messgerät
6 mit Mg(ClO4)2 gefülltes Rohr zur Trocknung der Atemluft
7 mit Natronkalk gefülltes Rohr zur Entfernung des Kohlendioxids
aus der angesaugten Umgebungsluft
8 mit Mg(ClO4)2 gefülltes Rohr zur Trocknung der angesaugten
Umgebungsluft
On the basis of an exemplary embodiment, the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail using FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. This means: 1 , 2 and 3 shut-off devices
4 heat exchangers
5 NDIR measuring device
6 Tube filled with Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 for drying the breathing air
7 Pipe filled with soda lime to remove the carbon dioxide from the aspirated ambient air
8 Pipe filled with Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 for drying the aspirated ambient air
Die in den Fig. 1, 2 und 3 in verschiedenen Betriebszuständen dargestellte Apparatur besteht aus den Absperrorganen 1, 2 und 3, einem Wärmeaustauscher 4 zur Kühlung auf die Temperatur des flüssigen Stickstoffs bzw. zum Aufheizen auf Raumtemperatur, einem NDIR-Messgerät 5, einem mit Mg(ClO4)2 gefüllten Röhrchen 6 zur Trocknung der Atemluft, einem mit Natronkalk gefüllten Röhrchen 7 zur Entfernung des Kohlendioxids aus der angesaugten Umgebungsluft und einem mit Mg(ClO4)2 gefüllten Röhrchen zur Trocknung der angesaugten Umgebungsluft. Diese Bauteile sind durch Rohrleitungen miteinander verbunden, die in Fig. 1, 2 und 3 durch ausgezogene Linien dargestellt sind. Wenn in einer solchen Rohrleitung Atemluft des Probanden, CO2-freie Umgebungsluft oder ein Gemisch aus CO2-freier Umgebungsluft und durch Desublimation im Wärmeaustauscher 4 entstehendem CO2 strömt, so ist dies in Fig. 1, 2 und 3 durch gestrichelte Pfeile gekennzeichnet, wobei die Pfeile in Strömungsrichtung weisen.The apparatus shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 in various operating states consists of the shut-off devices 1 , 2 and 3 , a heat exchanger 4 for cooling to the temperature of the liquid nitrogen or for heating to room temperature, an NDIR measuring device 5 , one tubes 6 filled with Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 for drying the breathing air, tubes 7 filled with soda lime for removing the carbon dioxide from the aspirated ambient air and tubes filled with Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 for drying the aspirated ambient air. These components are connected to each other by pipelines, which are shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3 by solid lines. If -free ambient air or a mixture of CO 2 -free ambient air and by desublimation in the heat exchanger 4 nascent CO 2 flows in such piping breath of the subject, CO 2, so this is in Fig. 1, indicated by dashed arrows 2 and 3, the arrows point in the direction of flow.
Fig. 1 zeigt den normalen Betriebszustand: Die vom Probanden ausgeatmete Luft wird von dem Absperrorgan 1 in die Umgebung abgeleitet. Der Wärmeaustauscher 4 wird weder gekühlt noch beheizt. Das Messgerät 5 ist oder wird auf die Messung vorbereitet. Fig. 1 shows the normal operating condition: The exhaled air from the subject is derived from the shut-off device 1 in the surroundings. The heat exchanger 4 is neither cooled nor heated. The measuring device 5 is or is being prepared for the measurement.
Fig. 2 zeigt den Betriebszustand, in dem die Atemluft des Probanden über das Absperrorgan 1 und das mit Mg(ClO4)2 gefüllte Röhrchen 6 dem mit flüssigem Stickstoff gekühlten Wärmeaustauscher 4 zugeführt wird und anschließend die Apparatur über das Absperrorgan 3 verläßt. In dieser Phase wird der Atemluft das gesamte Kohlendioxid durch Sublimation entzogen. Fig. 2 shows the operating state in which the test person's breathing air is supplied via the shut-off device 1 and the tube 6 filled with Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 to the heat exchanger 4 cooled with liquid nitrogen and then leaves the apparatus via the shut-off device 3 . In this phase, all of the carbon dioxide is extracted from the breathing air by sublimation.
Fig. 3 zeigt den Betriebszustand, in welchem dem Wärmeaustauscher 4 über das Absperrorgan 2, das mit Natronkalk gefüllte Röhrchen 7 und das mit Mg(ClO4)2 beschickte Röhrchen 8 Umgebungsluft zugeführt wird. In dieser Phase wird der Wärmeaustauscher 4 auf Umgebungstemperatur erwärmt, so dass sich das vorher aus der Atemluft des Probanden ausgefrorene Kohlendioxid dem Luftstrom beimischt und über das Absperrorgan 3 in das NDIR-Gerät gelangt, in welchem das 13CO2/12CO2- Verhältnis gemessen wird. In diesem Betriebszustand werden Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der angesaugten Umgebungsluft und dem Wärmeaustauscher 4 zugeführter Wärmestrom so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass in der Küvette bzw. in den Küvetten des NDIR-Geräts eine der normalen Atemluft ähnliche Gaszusammensetzung resultiert, wie sie auch beim Kalibrieren des Geräts herrscht. Fig. 3 shows the operation state in which the heat exchanger 4 via the shut-off device 2, which is filled with soda lime tube 7 and charged with Mg (ClO 4) 2 8 tubes ambient air is fed. In this phase, the heat exchanger 4 is heated to ambient temperature, then that previously from the breathing air of the subject being frozen carbon dioxide to the air flow is admixed and passes through the obturator 3 in the NDIR apparatus in which the 13 CO 2/12 CO 2 - ratio is measured. In this operating state, the flow rate of the ambient air drawn in and the heat flow supplied to the heat exchanger 4 are coordinated with one another in such a way that a gas composition similar to that of normal breathing air results in the cuvette or in the cuvettes of the NDIR device, as is also the case when calibrating the device.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10125415A DE10125415A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | Apparatus for the measurement of respiratory gases converts exhaled air into the correct composition of breathing air using a non-dispersive infra red spectroscope |
DE10292249.7T DE10292249B4 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-25 | Method for measuring the 13CO2 / 12CO2 ratio in the respiratory air of intubated subjects |
PCT/DE2002/001907 WO2002095397A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-25 | Method for measuring the 13co2/12co2 ratio in the respiratory air of intubated test persons |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10125415A DE10125415A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | Apparatus for the measurement of respiratory gases converts exhaled air into the correct composition of breathing air using a non-dispersive infra red spectroscope |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE10125415A1 true DE10125415A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
Family
ID=7686037
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE10125415A Withdrawn DE10125415A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | Apparatus for the measurement of respiratory gases converts exhaled air into the correct composition of breathing air using a non-dispersive infra red spectroscope |
DE10292249.7T Expired - Lifetime DE10292249B4 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-25 | Method for measuring the 13CO2 / 12CO2 ratio in the respiratory air of intubated subjects |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE10292249.7T Expired - Lifetime DE10292249B4 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-25 | Method for measuring the 13CO2 / 12CO2 ratio in the respiratory air of intubated subjects |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (2) | DE10125415A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002095397A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004037623A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-03-16 | Spectro Analytical Instruments Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus and method for the spectroscopic determination of carbon |
ITMI20081259A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-11 | Snam Progetti | ON-LINE SAMPLING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF AIR-VOLATILE COMPOUND EMISSIONS |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009009583A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-26 | Abb Ag | Method and device for carrying out analyzes of respiratory gas samples |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD137323A1 (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1979-08-29 | Klaus Wetzel | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE C-13 CONTENT OF THE BREATHING AIR |
US4298347A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1981-11-03 | Kor Incorporated | 13 CO2 Breath test |
DE3643804A1 (en) * | 1986-12-20 | 1988-06-30 | Draegerwerk Ag | METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR DETERMINING AT LEAST ONE COMPONENT OF A TEST GAS |
CH679886A5 (en) * | 1989-09-04 | 1992-04-30 | Topic Ag | |
JP3838671B2 (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 2006-10-25 | アークレイ株式会社 | Breath collection device |
EP1596182A3 (en) * | 1995-10-09 | 2008-02-20 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Limited | Method for spectrometrically measuring isotopic gas and apparatus thereof |
US5747809A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1998-05-05 | Sri International | NDIR apparatus and method for measuring isotopic ratios in gaseous samples |
DE19755471A1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-06-17 | Ufz Leipzighalle Gmbh | Device for examining respiratory diseases and diagnostic means |
-
2001
- 2001-05-25 DE DE10125415A patent/DE10125415A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-05-25 WO PCT/DE2002/001907 patent/WO2002095397A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-25 DE DE10292249.7T patent/DE10292249B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004037623A1 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-03-16 | Spectro Analytical Instruments Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus and method for the spectroscopic determination of carbon |
US7227636B2 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2007-06-05 | Spectro Analytical Instruments Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus and method for the spectroscopic determination of carbon |
ITMI20081259A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-11 | Snam Progetti | ON-LINE SAMPLING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF AIR-VOLATILE COMPOUND EMISSIONS |
WO2010004404A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Saipem S.P.A | On line sampling device and method to analyse volatile compounds emissions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10292249D2 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
DE10292249B4 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
WO2002095397A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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8143 | Withdrawn due to claiming internal priority |