DE10114257A1 - Sub-surface heat energy energy storage and management system - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat energy storage system employs solar energy to heat water which is introduced into a sub-surface system of heat exchanger pipes in soil. The pipes are sub-divided into a number of central core and peripheral zones. The zones are maintained at different temperatures for long periods. Also claimed is a process to manage the energy storage system and a storage regulator assembly.

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating geothermal storage, the Storage volume is permanently replenishable and in its geothermal storage masses vertically oriented, prefabricated shell and tube heat exchangers, which in certain Spaced from each other, open up the available storage space as well a store that is adapted to the existing locations, in is built different levels and a device for regulating the Geothermal reservoir.

It is known to equip geothermal energy storage devices with tube bundle heat exchangers which, introduced into the ground in the vertical direction, consist of a spiral-shaped tube which is provided with supply and return lines. The shell-and-tube heat exchangers are embedded in the geothermal storage masses of the storage tank at the specified intervals and take the geothermal heat that is used for external consumers via heat pumps. DE 198 56 633 A1 shows such an arrangement, however, only using the example of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, without disclosing its spatial arrangement within the geothermal energy store. The US PS 5 , 477 , 914 presents the arrangement of a group of tube bundle heat exchangers, which are embedded in the vertical direction in the geothermal storage masses, the supply and return lines being connected to distributors. The supply and return lines are laid out in such a way that the nearest tube bundle heat exchanger is connected to the common line that is connected to the corresponding pumping stations.

DE 80 08 592 U1 discloses a device for extracting geothermal energy with a Heat pump that forms a closed circuit and its pipe loops are categorized in the geothermal storage masses in the vertical direction. The pipe loops, designed as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, are to be carried out Strings of supply and return lines connected horizontally near the Surface of the geothermal storage are performed. A similar arrangement shows the  EP 582 118 A1. Here are the individual shell and tube heat exchangers under the Foundation plate of a building inserted vertically into the geothermal storage masses and each with its own feed and return line connected to a distributor. To stabilize the temperature, the tube heat exchangers are cylindrical Enclosed concrete jacket. The supply and return lines are in the foundation plate incorporated and lie superficially on the geothermal storage. One of these The construction principle of the following design of a geothermal storage shows EP 189 733. Here the feed and return lines are continuous strands to which the probes are connected, as also disclosed in EP 47 223, in which an arrangement is presented, according to which the geothermal probes in the store with a device linked to the regulation of the return of the carrier media after withdrawal represents their heat in the probes. The facility doesn't show up as extra heat as Storage heat can be returned to the earth.

The invention has for its object a method for operating Geothermal storage, the storage volume of which can be permanently replenished and in its Geothermal storage masses of vertically directed, prefabricated shell and tube heat exchangers takes up, which are arranged at certain distances from each other, the existing Open up storage space as well as a storage space that matches the existing locations adapted, built in different levels and a device to regulate the geothermal storage with which it is possible Intermediate storage of thermal energy potential with the available thermal energy Form insulating surfaces to save the stored thermal energy potential in economic to obtain available sizes, to make them available and if there is a surplus over longer Save time effectively.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by a method for operating Geothermal storage solved, the storage body equipped with heat exchangers, in a core and peripheral zones are divided, the zones with different Provide thermal energy potentials, touching one or more times in the memory, are arranged and their heat exchangers connected to supply lines, temporally and graduated in scope, brought to loading and unloading.  

The invention is advantageously designed when the edge zones with a low Thermal energy potential can be loaded and unloaded, by enclosing the Interfaces of the core zone through the edge zone the thermal energy stored in it by stepping over into the surrounding earth masses, via thermal insulation is held back. The invention is further developed in that the Geothermal storage is equipped with prefabricated shell and tube heat exchangers, which are in an area close to the surface placed vertically next to each other, each one with horizontal supply lines connected, maintainable and controllable operated and through the wide-ranging laying of the connection and Supply lines over the shell and tube heat exchangers are horizontal extending storage and insulation layer with insulating effect in the plane is formed, wherein it is advantageous in the sense of the invention that the horizontal Isolation level is formed under an overlay, the invention forming, the covering can be formed from a poured layer of earth. Continuing the method according to the invention, the geothermal storage cascading, starting from the inside out of the core zone, thermally until formation a greater thermal energy potential in the core zone, compared to the peripheral zone loaded. The loading takes place through a horizontal introduction of the heat over the Connection and supply lines in the insulation and insulation level in a vertical Storage in the area of the tube bundle heat exchanger in the vertical core and edge zone. The process regime according to the invention provides for the thermal energy from the Core zone in the peripheral zone for a different loading of the zones of the To conduct geothermal storage, which is also loaded and unloaded at the same time, the Unloading temperature is kept at the same level as the loading temperature in the core zone can be. The method is modified according to the invention if permanent loaded storage and similarly increasing capacitive load during unloading an increase in the available thermal energy potential of the whole Geothermal storage is reached. For this purpose, according to the invention, the memory is operated via a Loading additional heat is supplied in the core zone, which is heated. At the same time it becomes the core zone the additional heat, with the temperature now reduced, via the distributor Exchangers fed to the peripheral zone and cooled after passing through them.  

The method is advantageously continued if the thermal energy of the discharge Core zone and a consumer is fed, then cooled, the peripheral zone fed in, warmed up and returned to the core zone, here another Warming experiences, after which it is supplied to the external consumer. It is one advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention that in the procedural regime the process of loading and unloading the store is carried out simultaneously and the Steps of storing and removing the thermal energy take place simultaneously can and an adverse cooling of the memory is avoided. In the process regime of the solution according to the invention is the operation of the geothermal storage Additional heat supplied to an associated heat source by means of a brine pump, with that mixes the thermal energy from the core zone of the storage system Consumers are directed and brought to the fringes.

The invention is advantageously continued by a geothermal storage consisting of Geothermal storage masses with spatially distributed tube bundle heat exchangers that pass through Supply lines connected to each other, a loading and unloading of the memory with Allow thermal energy, which is inventively designed in that the tube bundle heat exchanger in a store having at least two zones in a middle one Storage depth directed vertically, placed horizontally, with an earth cover provided, arranged, below which are horizontal supply lines, the zones being the same in a horizontal plane, being different have mutually influencing heat potential and the respective outer zone with the inner zone has a lower heat potential, on at least two sides comprehensive, is arranged. The memory is designed according to the invention in that each tube bundle heat exchanger via separate supply lines of its upstream and downstream With which the memory block, in single strands under the Covering the earth, flat, acting as a horizontal storage, over the memory block is executed.

Continuing the invention are the zones of the memory block as the core and edge zone divided up. The edge zone forms a vertically extending insulating and Thermal protection and the core zone is arranged on at least two sides. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tube bundle heat exchanger in from 2.00 to 10.00 m deep, vertically aligned, arranged with their upper ends  Down to a depth of 1.50 m below the surface with supply lines connected. The tube bundles are in an embodiment of the solution according to the invention heat exchangers of the respective zones with their supply lines in a separate one Collector or distributor interconnected. A pragmatic education of Invention is seen in that the memory block has a cuboid shape internal core zone enclosed by an edge zone, wherein it has a Another embodiment is when the memory block is an L-shaped, ie has angular, training and the core zone on the side of the open Legs of the peripheral zone is enclosed. It is a pragmatic continuation of that the overlap provided over the memory block as a foundation plate or Footprint is formed.

The invention is a device for operating the geothermal storage provided that a storage body with vertically positioned tube bundle identifies heat exchangers, which, each individually, connected to the supply and return lines, merged in distributors and different zones of the storage body is assigned, which have differentiated thermal energy capacities, whereby in the Device a heat excess source is provided, which has a heat potential external consumers of the store. The invention is designed so that the Excess heat source with control devices for alternate feeding a heat potential in an external consumer as well as the storage in Is connected. The invention is designed so that the Tube bundle heat exchangers are prefabricated geothermal heat exchangers (EWTS) Connection of the geothermal heat exchangers to the distributor in a function with the joint connection to the heat pump is brought. In one form of training Invention is the source of excess heat from solar systems and equipment for Provision of waste heat is formed.

The solution according to the invention allows the operation of a heatable geothermal storage with considerable advantages. The figuration according to the invention allows the possibility the geothermal heat exchanger with precisely determined, calculable geothermal storage masses with predictable, spatial distribution of technically prefabricated geothermal heat exchangers manufacture. The invention advantageously uses the prefabricated geothermal heat exchangers (EWTS), which are inserted vertically at calculated intervals, across the board  work as well as the planned storage space for maximum heat storage and open up continuous delivery. The method advantageously allows usable Shape and storage body size according to the existing location determine. The proposed introduction of the EWTS in a near-surface area between 2.00 and 10.00 m can be achieved by vertical drilling respectively. Form the surface covering arrangement of the supply lines together with the poured earth cover another thermal Insulation protection.

Due to the advantageous form of the piping of the individual EWTS groups the zones that have been worked out, as edge and core zones, is a cascade Storage and absorption of the thermal energy as a loading and unloading of the storage possible. Thus, the core zone, as the center of the storage, can be increased Bring storage temperature like the surrounding edge zone. The edge zone forms Core zone thermal insulation. So it is a significant advantage that Expert is given information, several peripheral zones concentrically to form a core zone that can withstand high thermal loads. The invention follows advantageously the principle that those guided with forward and return pipes Piping of the individual zones via dedicated distributors or collectors interconnected, alternatively each individually, or loaded and unloaded together can. The horizontal insulation of the storage body takes place in the direction of the cold air-smeared surface. Therefore, the storage body is advantageously in lowered to a depth of 1.50 m and with a horizontal overlap of the entire memory block. Between the surface of the memory block and the horizontal overlap are laid in a network-like manner connecting and Supply lines classified and formed by the transported, tempered Storage medium has a horizontal, thermally insulating effect on the storage block. So that each EWTS has a separate supply and return line to a central one Zone distributor, it can be regulated and flushed by itself. It is at the expert's hand given, the connection line of a zone running between the distributor and the EWTS shape at the same time. Now there is the advantage that a complex volume current adjustment can be omitted. It goes beyond normal professional action, that the supply lines are laid in such wide trenches that the preliminary and  Do not touch the return lines. The specialist will now continue to receive information on hand, storage with high functionality and economy to train who can work adapted to the geological conditions.

The type of use of the heatable geothermal storage according to the invention has the Advantage that the storage use by a previous selectable form of loading can be exercised, d. that is, in addition to the direct entry of Thermal energy from geothermal energy, the geothermal energy store also receives environmental energy across its surface and side surfaces. So it is allowed to use the memory Sunshine and rain increase environmental heat via heat conduction and radiation transmit, because the storage body in a medium depth near the surface Soil is classified. Furthermore, the formation of the memory allows excess Enter and store heat. The mean provided according to the invention Storage depth of 2.50 to 5.00 m and the earth cover of approx. 1.50 m reduce short-term, violent cooling of the storage volume after loading. It will Temperatures of 18 to 20 ° C in the core zone reached. That corresponds to one Overtemperature to normal earth temperature of 7 to 12 K. It is advantageous if the direct thermal loading cascading across the zones from the inside out expires. This creates a higher temperature in the core zone than in the peripheral zones, which at the same time enclose the core zone in an insulating manner and contribute to the higher Temperature, i.e. the higher heat potential, continuously built up in this zone and preserved. The loading takes place from below by a horizontal approach of heat and a vertical build-up through the EWTS. It is now possible to excess heat energy that can not be stored in the core use to forward to the peripheral zones controlled by the distributor and thus one differentiated loading in the zones of the storage with a consistently higher To achieve heat potential.

The advantageous configuration of the geothermal storage with its process regime permits a form of use according to which the storage device releases its thermal energy, is discharged and can simultaneously perform a storage function. So that will be Earth temperature level exploited by using a device-specific heat pump existing temperature level raised by supplying external heat and Thermal energy is taken at the temperature which is the current loading temperature  equivalent. If you no longer load the amount of heat from the Geothermal storage, especially from its individual zones, until it is reached Earth-like temperatures are diverted and removed. By the simultaneous Initiate, i.e. loading the storage with existing solar or as advantageous, other technical excess heat, a disadvantageous freezing point is not reached and the storage system works with a constantly balanced temperature level. The The design of the geothermal storage is particularly geared to seasonal issues Heat, especially in the summer months, due to an increasing capacitive Load and use a larger amount of heat with the same volume of soil move, provide and deliver to external users.

The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. In the associated drawing show:

Fig. 1: A plan view of the geothermal storage in schematic form with basic circuitry for operating the geothermal storage;

Fig. 2: The laying plan of the supply lines with a square design of the geothermal storage with the core zone completely enclosed;

Fig. 3: The formation of an angular geothermal storage with an enclosed building;

Fig. 4: The course of a zone of the store with a trench provided for receiving the supply lines.

Fig. 1 shows an overview of the configuration of the heated geothermal reservoir 1, which here has a square shape, whose core region is surrounded by a marginal zone 4 3. In the core and the peripheral zone 3 ; 4 geothermal heat exchangers (EWTS) 2 are arranged at appropriate intervals and depths. The probes 2 are via supply lines 5 ; 6 with distributors 7 ; 7 'connected, the supply lines 5 ; 6 each consist of a supply and return line. The core zone 3 with its supply lines 5 is connected to a distributor 7 and the supply line 6 of the peripheral zone 4 with the distributor 7 '. The distributor 7 ; 7 'are each connected to return distributors 7 "; 7 "". Lines 8 ; 8 ' run from distributors 7 ; 7 '; 7 "; 7 '''up to connections at point A of lines 8 ; 8 ', the connection via the lines 11 ; 11 'to a solar system distributor 10 which is functionally connected to a collector 9 and which supplies the thermal energy potential of the collector 9 to a water heater which is connected via the lines 14 ; 14 'its heat energy behind a heat pump 16, the lines 23 ; 23 'supplies, which are connected to a heating system 19 . The heat pump 16 works in both directions and, when the heating system 19 is out of operation, conducts the heat via lines 18 ; 18 'to a buffer store 17 , from which the heat pump 16 removes the heat and via the lines 8 ; 8 ', initiated by a brine pump 15 , to the distributors 7 ; 7 'leads back and at point A the heat from the collector 9 , the motor valve 12, the heat potential from the solar system distributor 10 via the lines 8 ; 8 'the distributors 7 ; 7 'or the return manifolds 7 "; 7 ''' of the system, and depending on the regime, either to the peripheral zone 4 or to the core zone 3. Directional arrows 25 ; 25 ';26; 27 indicate the transport direction of the energy-carrying medium in the geothermal storage tank 1 ,

Fig. 2 shows an example of the laying of the supply lines 5 ; 6 on the EWTS 2 of the peripheral and core zone 4 ; 3rd The supply lines 5 of the core zone 3 are connected to the distributor 7 'and the supply lines 6 of the peripheral zone 4 are connected to the distributor 7 . The selected schematic representation of the laying of the supply lines 5 ; 6 shows that it can be carried out according to the invention by the supply lines 5 ; 6 a flat insulating layer over the zones 3 ; 4 to achieve with the EWTS 2 . This principle also follows the figuration of the geothermal storage 1 shaped according to FIG. 3 with an angular configuration, the open legs of which enclose two sides of a building 28 . In this case, 1 EWTS 2 are arranged in the edge zone 4 of the geothermal storage, following the contour of zone 4 . The core zone 3 is inserted between the edge zone 4 and the facing building surfaces of the building 28 and provides the connection to the building 28 with distributors 7 ; 7 'ago. The arranged building 28 represents an additional heat potential for the thermal energy source and forms an insulating layer that is heat-insulating to the core zone by radiating its heat. It is within the discretion of the person skilled in the art to equip the roof of the building 28 or adjoining regions with solar collectors 9 and, in addition to the radiated heat from the building 28, to provide thermal potentials for storage in geothermal energy storage. Reading along, he recognizes that it is also possible to select the angular shape of a geothermal storage unit 1 , the supply line 7 ; 7 'to be laid so that a horizontal insulation layer is formed.

Fig. 4 shows the sections AA, BB, CC in Fig. 3, the cross section of the arrangement of the EWTS 2 and in the trench 29 arranged above it and on the bottom of the EWTS 2 the arranged supply lines 5 ; 6 . Here, pragmatically following the AA section, five EWTS 2 are connected to five supply lines 6 , which due to their division into supply and return lines take up ten pipes. Section BB reveals seven EWTS 2 with seven supply lines 6 each having a forward and a return. The section CC shows the EWTS arrangement with nineteen probes in the core zone 3 , here nineteen supply lines 5 with thirty-eight pipes are assigned to each EWTS 2 , each of which contains a feed and return separately. As shown in FIG. 4, the flow and return are each arranged in a separate supply line 5 or 6 .

The importance of the device should again with the three essential functions of the geothermal storage are shown connected.

Phase I - loading the storage field

The collector 9 is heated. After he has heated up the water heater, he switches to the EWTS 2 , which are first heated with heated medium in the core zone 3 via the distributor 7 . The medium is cooled to a certain degree, which then flows to the distributor 7 'via the return distributors 7 "and supplies the EWTS 2 of the edge zone 4. The probes 2 of the edge zone 4 have absorbed the heat and pass the now cooled medium via the solar system distributor 10 again to the collector 9. By means of the EWTS 2 of the peripheral zone 4 , the core zone 3 can be brought to a higher temperature by its insulating and insulating effect compared to the surrounding cooler earth masses.

Phase II - Unloading the storage field

Unloading takes place via the heat pump 16 . The brine pump 15 sucks the warm medium out of the core zone 3 and cools it down. The medium is then conveyed via the distributor 7 'into the edge zone 4 and absorbs heat therefrom. From here it flows via the distributor 7 into the core zone 3 and receives a renewed supply of heat in order to be fed back to the heat pump 16 and the external consumer 19 via the brine pump 15 .

Phase III - Simultaneous loading and unloading of the probes

At the same time operation of the heat pump 16 and the solar collector 9 of the collector 9 presses the heated liquid through the point A in the line 8 '. Here the brine pump 15 sucks the medium from the core zone 3 . Both liquid flows are now fed to the point A by the pressure differences of a charge pump 30 , from where they are sucked in by the brine pump 15 . Due to the considerable pump volume of the brine pump 1 S, additional liquid is drawn from the probe field. The temperature and the heat cycle of the heat pump 16 are increased by mixing the two volume flows.

List of the reference symbols used

1

geothermal memory

2

Geothermal heat exchanger (EWTS)

3

core zone

4

border zone

5

supply line

6

supply line

7

;

7

'Distributor

7

";

7

'''Return distributor

8th

;

8th

' Management

9

collector

10

Solar System Distribution

11

;

11

' Management

12

;

12

' Valve

13

Boiler

14

;

14

' Management

15

sole pump

16

heat pump

17

buffer memory

18

;

18

' Management

19

heating system

20

;

21

pump

22

Valve

23

;

23

' Management

25

;

25

'Arrows

26

;

27

directional arrows

28

building

29

dig

30

charging pump
A involvement

Claims (28)

1. Method for operating geothermal storage with in core and peripheral zones split storage body, the zones with different thermal energy potentials, touching one or more times, arranged in the memory, with Supply lines connected to each other in terms of time and scope Discharge. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the edge zone with a lower thermal energy potential is loaded and unloaded, with a Enclosing the interfaces of the core zone by the peripheral zone in the core zone stored thermal energy against a transition into the surrounding earth masses is retained by thermal insulation. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the geothermal energy storage is equipped with shell-and-tube heat exchangers in one Storage area near the surface placed vertically next to each other, each with horizontal connecting and supply lines connected, maintenance and can be operated in an adjustable manner, and due to the horizontally running connection and supply lines over the tube bundle heat exchanger a flat horizontally extending insulation and insulation level is formed. 4. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the horizontal insulation and insulation level under one above further coverage is formed. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the coverage of the horizontal insulation and insulation level, poured from a layer of earth, laid on becomes.   6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the geothermal energy storage cascade, starting from the inside out of the core zone, thermal until the formation of a higher thermal energy potential, opposite the edge zone is loaded, the loading by means of horizontal introduction of the heat the binding and supply lines in the insulation and insulation level with one vertical storage in the area of the vertically extending tube bundle heat exchanger of the core and peripheral zones is made. 7. The method according to claim 2 and 6, characterized in that the thermal energy from the core zone to the peripheral zone for different loading of the zones is directed. 8. The method according to claim 1 and 6 to 7, characterized in that the geothermal energy storage is loaded and unloaded at the same time and the thermal potential of the discharge is kept equal to the potential of the load. 9. The method according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that at permanent loaded storage and similarly increasing capacitive load when Discharge reaches an increase in its available thermal energy potential becomes. 10. The method according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that in the memory for a loading of the storage via the tube bundles of the core zone additional heat is entered, this warms up, the additional heat with now decreased Temperature is fed via a distributor to the exchangers in the peripheral zone and itself cools after passing through. 11. The method according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the unloading Thermal energy of the core zone supplied to an external consumer, then cooled and is fed to the peripheral zone and then reheated into the core zone returned, heated further, and is supplied to the external consumer again.   12. The method according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the operations of Loading and unloading of the storage can be carried out at the same time. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that with an operation of the Heat pump Supplementary heat supplied to the line of a brine pump with which the Core zone of the storage available thermal energy mixed, the Consumer is fed and directed to the peripheral zone. 14. Geothermal energy store ( 1 ), consisting of an earth storage mass with spatially distributed tube bundle heat exchangers ( 2 ), which are connected to one another by supply lines ( 7 ; 7 '), allow the storage ( 1 ) to be loaded and unloaded with thermal energy, the tube bundle heat exchanger ( 2 ) in the store ( 1 ), which has at least two zones, are vertically directed, horizontally set up, provided with an earth cover, arranged in an average storage depth, under which the supply lines ( 5 ; 6 ) are laid horizontally and the zones are different from one another have influencing thermal energy potential and the respective outer zone is provided with a lower potential, comprising the inner zone with at least two sides. 15. Geothermal storage device according to claim 14, characterized in that each tube bundle heat exchanger ( 2 ) has separate supply lines ( 5 ; 6 ), comprising supply and return lines, which run across the storage block as individual strands under an earth cover, arranged flat, a horizontal storage device train the memory block. 16. Geothermal storage according to claim 14 and 15, characterized in that the zones of the storage block as core and edge zones ( 3 ; 4 ) are divided and the edge zones ( 4 ), an insulation and heat protection, the core zone ( 3 ) at least enclosing two sides. 17. Geothermal storage device according to claim 14 to 16, characterized in that the tube bundle heat exchanger ( 2 ) is arranged vertically in a depth of 2.00 to 10.00 m near the surface of the earth, with its upper ends to a depth of 1.50 m projecting below the surface of the earth, are connected to the supply lines ( 5 ; 6 ). 18. Geothermal storage according to claim 14 to 17, characterized in that the tube bundle heat exchanger ( 2 ) of the respective zones ( 3 ; 4 ) are interconnected in a distributor ( 7 ; 7 '). 19. Geothermal storage device according to claim 14, characterized in that the storage block has a cuboid shape with an inner core zone ( 3 ) surrounded by at least one edge zone ( 4 ). 20. Geothermal storage according to claim 14, characterized in that the storage block has a polygonal shape with an inner core zone ( 3 ). 21. Geothermal storage device according to claim 14, characterized in that the storage block has an L-shaped design, the core zone ( 3 ) of which is enclosed by the open legs of the edge zone ( 4 ). 22. Geothermal storage according to claim 14, characterized in that the above Storage block provided overlap is formed from bulk materials. 23. Geothermal storage according to claim 14, characterized in that the above Storage block provided coverage as a foundation plate or a Footprint is formed. 24. Device for operating a geothermal storage ( 1 ) with tube bundle heat exchangers ( 2 ) positioned vertically in the storage body, each of which is individually connected to supply and return lines, brought together in distributors ( 7 ; 7 '), zones ( 3 ; 4 ) of the storage body are assigned, which have differentiated thermal energy capacities, a heat excess source, which supplies its heat potential to an external consumer ( 19 ) and the memory ( 1 ), is provided. 25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the excess heat source is connected to control devices for alternately feeding a heat potential into an external consumer ( 19 ) and the memory ( 1 ). 26. The apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the tube bundle heat exchanger ( 2 ) are prefabricated geothermal heat exchangers (EWTS) ( 2 ). 27. The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the lines from the EWTS ( 2 ) to the distributor ( 7 ; 7 ') with a common line to the heat pump ( 16 ) is brought into an operative connection. 28. The apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that as heat transfer shot source a solar system or equivalent facilities for the provision of Find waste heat.