DE10114183A1 - Retarder, especially as a brake or additional brake device for vehicles or the like, especially rail vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

A retarder (16) is described as a braking or additional braking device for vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, with a stator (3) consisting of at least two axially spaced stator halves (3a, 3b), each having magnetic field coils, and a rotor that is arranged between the at least two stator halves (3a, 3b), the rotor being coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to an axle (5) or a shaft of the vehicle and the stator being coupled to the vehicle or a chassis (19) of the vehicle. The rotor is formed by at least one two-part rotor disc (1), consisting of two adjacent rotor halves (1a, 1b), which are connected to each other in a radially inner ring area facing the axis (5) or shaft and in a radially outer ring section (7a , 7b) are arranged at a slight axial distance from one another (FIG. 4).

Description

The invention relates to a retarder as a brake or Additional braking device for vehicles or the like, especially rail vehicles, with a stator consisting of at least two axially spaced stator halves, each Have magnetic field coils, and a rotor between the at least two stator halves is arranged, the rotor rotatably with an axle or a shaft of the vehicle and the stator with the vehicle or a chassis or the like is coupled.

In the following, an "retarder" is supposed to be an electrical one Eddy current brakes are understood, which are the service brakes, of, for example, rail vehicles, commercial vehicles or the like in certain Support or replace situations. The braking effect a retarder is created by building a magnetic one Field, the rotation of a rotor due to induction counteracts eddy currents in the rotor. The rotor is thereby rotationally fixed, for example with the propeller shaft of the vehicle connected. The magnetic field can, for example, by four magnetic coils or magnetic coil pairs are generated, depending on individually required braking power switched on in succession can be. Such a retarder is, for example, in detail. described in DE 39 08 234 A1, which means express reference in full to the subject of the Disclosure of the present application is included.

From JP 61266064 there is already a rotor with the inputs known features known. After that, it is planned Use eddy current brakes on a rail vehicle, wherein the rotor is rotatably connected to the wheel axle and  the stator consists of coils arranged on both sides of the rotor consists. The disadvantage of the known device is low braking effect, which u. a. is due to the fact that the coils are only distributed over approximately a semicircle of the rotor are arranged.

Based on this, the invention is based on the object Eddy current brake of the type mentioned to indicate which through a high braking effect, compact design and high Excellent mileage. In addition, the invention Eddy current brake particularly suitable for rail vehicles his.

This object is achieved according to the invention with the retarder features mentioned in the introduction i. w. solved in that the Rotor by at least a two-part rotor disk consisting of two adjacent rotor halves, which in a radially inner one facing the axis or shaft Ring area, in particular by means of screwing or the same connecting means are connected to each other and in a radially outer ring section, which is essentially the Magnetic field coils of the stator is adjacent, with light axial distance from each other.

Because of these measures, a retarder with a high Braking effect, compact design and high mileage for Provided especially for rail vehicles suitable is. Due to the special structure of the rotor as two-part rotor disc, the outer ring sections are arranged with a clear axial distance from each other ensures that the rotor due to the heat thermal arising during the activation of the retarder Can withstand stress. Through this measure the axial spacing of the outer ring sections of the two Rotor halves is the possibility that a Relative movement of these rotor halves to one another is possible,  due to different thermal expansion occurs especially with large braking powers. About that In addition, the rotor in the area between the rotor halves additional clearance is located within the clear distance Experienced. The invention ensures that the Rotor halves of the rotor have a certain flexibility in the axial Have direction so that gravity or the like that can occur due to the thermal stress, Is taken into account.

After a first advantageous development of the invention is on an outer side of the substantially annular Stator or the respective outer stator half each have a further outer, preferably one-piece rotor disk arranged, which is also non-rotatable with the axis or shaft connected is. In this respect, they are on the side directional magnetic fields of the stator or adjacent stator halves also to generate a Braking torque exploited, because in these outer areas of the Stator or the stator halves further Rotor disks, which are preferably formed in one piece, are positioned. Overall, the braking torque of the retarder according to the invention further increased without significantly to enlarge the design.

According to another aspect, the stator or the two stator halves, another stator section, which is in shape and structure is comparable to the stator halves, axially spaced apart, so that in one by one Stator half and the further stator section formed gap a second split and non-rotatable with the axle or shaft connected rotor disc can be arranged. After this Embodiment are therefore middle, two-part rotor disks provided inside a three-part stator are arranged. There is also the option of two further, outer rotor disks on the outside of the two  To provide the outer stator section of the three-part stator. Overall, this can reduce the braking torque of the retarder can be increased significantly, the size only slightly increased.

For the mechanical stabilization of the two rotor halves of the at least two-part rotor disk in the radial outer, mutually facing ring sections, it offers according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a Gear geometry, in particular a corresponding and partially interlocking gearing and To provide counter-toothing on the two rotor halves, the preferably have a circular ring structure. Based on these Measure will mechanical stability of the two-part Rotors increased significantly, in addition, the surface between the two rotor halves due to the intended Gear structure is enlarged.

Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous that the Rotor, especially the rotor disks or the Rotor halves and / or the stator, especially the Stator halves or the further stator section are formed by components divided in the radial direction, after the installation by means of lanyards are connected. Because of this measure, the retarder for example, mounted on the axle of a rail vehicle without removing the wheelsets for this would.

The stator is an advantage, especially those Stator halves or the stator section, about adjustable brackets with the vehicle or the like or for example its chassis connected.

It is also recommended that the stator be on or adjustable clamping elements connected to a wheel suspension  or is fixed to it. This measure proves especially in connection with the use of the retarder in rail vehicles as advantageous in that the For example, axes in freight trains are a few decimeters in the axial direction relative to the chassis or can move the wagon. Because of this measure therefore no arrangement with which the stator can follow such relative shifts. Rather, it is Stator due to the connection to the wheel suspension subjected to the same displacements as the rotor. In a railway wagon in particular, it makes sense that the retarder has its own power supply to supply the Magnetic field coils and possibly the electronics control of the Retarders are assigned, which are preferred by a Generator, possibly formed with a downstream accumulator, since these wagons usually do not have their own power supply have. The generator can, for example, use the Axis or shaft are driven.

Especially when the retarder in a locomotive is used When it comes to use, it makes sense that between the axis or shaft and the retarder an intermediate gear is arranged. In such locomotives there is a generator for the power supply available anyway, so that this is not must be provided separately.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention is the retarder in a housing, preferably consisting of Aluminum or the like, encapsulated, the rotor disks of a liquid bath, especially one Coolant are applied. Because of this measure can the thermal load occurring during braking Retarders are minimized because of the coolant special cooling of the rotor disks is made possible.  

According to another advantageous embodiment, the Invention the coolant by means of a pump to Example of an electric pump in a closed circuit converted between the housing and a heat exchanger, via which the heat energy is safely and quickly removed from the retarder can be.

After a constructive embodiment of the invention proves it is advantageous that the rotor disks by means of Clamping elements are attached to the axle or shaft, whereby inner and outer ring elements are provided, which are preferred via corresponding inclined surfaces or conical surfaces, in particular by means of screws or the like can be wedged in the axial direction. By tightening For example, these screws are used in conjunction with the conical outer lateral surfaces of the inner and outer Ring element on the outer ring element in a pressing force Direction of the axis or shaft exercised. The rotor disks are on the respective outer ring elements by means of screws or the like attached.

It has also proven advantageous that between the outer ring element and the ring-shaped Stator a needle bearing or the like bearing is attached.

Further goals, advantages and possible applications of the present invention result from the following Description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. All of them are described and / or illustrated presented features for themselves or in any more meaningful Combining the subject of the present invention, too regardless of their summary in the claims or their dependency.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a view of a possible embodiment of an eddy current brake according to the invention in assembly to an axle of a rail vehicle,

Fig. 2 is a side view of the eddy current brake according to Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the eddy current brake,

Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section through the eddy current brake according to Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of an eddy current brake according to the invention in assembly to an axle of a rail vehicle,

Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section through a eddy current brake according to the invention with integrated cooling,

Fig. 7 is a plan view of another embodiment of an eddy current brake according to the invention,

Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of an eddy current brake arranged on the chassis of a locomotive according to the invention and

Fig. 9 is a central rotor disk in section with tooth geometry.

The retarder according to FIG. 1 has a number of magnetic coils which are mounted concentrically about a shaft or, for example, an axis 5 of a rail vehicle on annular coil bodies or stators 3 . At a short distance in front of the poles of the coils there is an outer rotor disk 2 on the outer two sides of the stator 3 , which rotor rotor is connected to the axis 6 in a rotationally fixed manner. The stator housing is divided into two, so that a central rotor disk 1 is arranged between the two stator halves 3 a, 3 b, which is also rotatably connected to the axis 5 .

When the coils are energized, magnetic fields with alternating field directions arise on the poles located on the same end faces of the coil packs. During the braking process, eddy currents are then induced in the rotor disks 1 , 2 rotating in these inhomogeneous magnetic fields, which exert a braking torque on the rotor disks 1 , 2 that is transmitted to the axis 5 .

The stator halves 3 a, 3 b of the stator are fastened by means of a holder 4 , for example on the chassis of a rail or motor vehicle.

From Fig. 4 it can be seen that the middle rotor 1 is formed in two parts with a rotor half 1 a and a second rotor half 1 b. The two rotor halves 1 a, 1 b are connected to one another in the radially inner region by means of screw connections 6 . At their radially outer ends, in the area of the ring sections 7 a, 7 b opposite the pole plates of the coils, the two rotor halves 1 a, 1 b are movable in the axial direction, which can be achieved, for example, by a special toothing geometry 20 of the parts of the rotor halves 1 a, 1 b can be achieved. Of course, the middle rotor disk 1 as well as the outer rotor disk 2 have cooling channels for sucking in cooling air.

The axial mobility of the rotor halves 1 a, 1 of the central rotor disc 1 b is reached, that in operation of the retarder and thereby adjusting the high temperatures between the pole plates of the stator 3 and the adjacent annular surface of the respective rotor disks 1, 2 or rotor half 1 a, b can set the same geometric relationships, so that the total braking effect is the same from each rotor 1 , 2 or each rotor half 1 a, 1 b.

The variant according to FIG. 5 differs from the version according to FIGS. 1 to 4 in that the rotor disks 1 a, 1 b, 2 are attached to the axle 5 of the rail vehicle via clamping rings. The individual rotors 1 a, 1 b, 2 and the stators 3 are assigned ring elements which consist of an outer ring element 9 and an inner ring element 10 . The outer jacket of the inner ring element 10 is conical. The outer ring element 9 consists of half shells which are fixed by means of a toothing and a holding element running in the axial direction. By tightening of a respective screw 8 of the inner ring member 10 is exerted on the outer ring member 9 is a contact force on the axle 5 in conjunction with the conical outer surface. The rotors 2 are fastened to the respective outer ring elements 9 by means of screw 6 .

In addition, there is a bearing, preferably a needle bearing 11 , between the outer ring element 9 and the stators 3 .

The stators 3 are not held on the chassis, since the axles 5 in freight trains can shift by more than about 42 mm in the axial direction. Rather, clamping elements are provided, which can be fixed to the wheel suspension and also re-tensioned.

As with railroad cars, both with freight and as a rule there is no separate power supply for passenger cars, it is recommended according to the invention, an additional electric generator to supply the coils of the retarder  and the electronics for controlling the retarder to provide associated accumulator.

The variant according to FIG. 6 differs from the variant according to FIG. 5 in that the retarder is encapsulated by means of a housing 21 and the rotor disks 1 a, 1 b, 2 run in a liquid bath 12 for cooling. A cooling liquid 13 is not used to brake the rotors, as in hydrodynamic retarders, but only to cool the rotor disks 1 a, 1 b, 2 . Aluminum or the like can be used as the material for the encapsulation in order to additionally allow good heat radiation. The cooling liquid 13 is brought to circulation by means of an electric pump 14 and fed to a heat exchanger 15 . As can be seen, corresponding seals must be provided on the outer housing for the rotation of the rotors 1 a, 1 b, 2 in the liquid bath 12 .

The suspension and also the energy supply take place again, as in the variant according to FIG. 5.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, two of such pairs as a rotor 1 a, 1 b arranged trained middle rotor disks 1 in the interior of the retarder, which can be increased again, the braking force of the rotor and hence its performance in similar geometric dimensions.

Of course, it is also possible, as shown schematically in FIG. 8, to arrange the retarder 16 on the chassis 19 of a rail vehicle, in particular a passenger car, an intermediate gear 17 then being provided between the retarder 16 and the axle 5 . On the side opposite the retarder 16 is the generator 18 for the power supply that is already present in such rail vehicles.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

middle rotor disc

1

a rotor half

1

b rotor half

2

outer rotor disc

3

stator

3

a stator half

3

b stator half

3

c stator section

4

bracket

5

axis

6

screw

7

a ring section

7

b ring section

8th

disc

9

ring groove

10

ring groove

11

needle roller bearings

12

liquid bath

13

coolant

14

electric pump

15

heat exchangers

16

retarder

17

intermediate gear

18

generator

19

chassis

20

tooth geometry

21

casing

Claims (13)

1. Retarder ( 16 ) as a brake or additional braking device for vehicles or the like, in particular rail vehicles, with a stator ( 3 ) consisting of at least two axially spaced stator halves ( 3 a, 3 b), each having magnetic field coils, and a rotor that is disposed between the at least two stator halves wherein the rotor rotationally fixed with an axle (5) or a shaft of the vehicle and the stator with the vehicle or a chassis is coupled (19) of the vehicle, characterized in that (3 b 3 a,), that the rotor is formed by at least one two-part rotor disc ( 1 ) consisting of two adjacent rotor halves ( 1 a, 1 b), which in a radially inner ring region facing the axis ( 5 ) or shaft, in particular by means of screw connection ( 6 ) or similar connecting means , connected to one another and in a radially outer ring section ( 7 a, 7 b) which essentially corresponds to the magnetic field coils of the stator ( 3 ) is adjacent, are arranged with a clear axial distance from each other. 2. Retarder according to claim 1, characterized in that an outer side of the substantially annular stator ( 3 ) or the respective outer stator half ( 3 a, 3 b) each has a further outer, preferably one-piece rotor disc ( 2 ) associated with it the axis ( 5 ) or shaft is connected in a rotationally fixed manner. 3. Retarder according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the stator ( 3 ) is a further stator section ( 3 c), which is comparable in shape and structure to the stator halves ( 3 a, 3 b), axially spaced, and in a gap formed by a stator half ( 3 a, 3 b) and the further stator section ( 3 c), a second, two-part rotor disk ( 1 ) which is non-rotatably connected to the axis ( 5 ) or shaft is arranged. 4. Retarder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two rotor halves ( 1 a, 1 b) of the at least one two-part rotor disc ( 1 ) in the region of the radially outer, mutually facing ring sections ( 7 a, 7 b) a tooth geometry ( 20 ), in particular have a corresponding and partially interlocking toothing and counter toothing, which preferably have a circular ring structure. 5. Retarder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor, in particular the rotor disks ( 1 , 2 ) or rotor halves ( 1 a, 1 b) of the rotor and / or the stator ( 3 ), in particular the stator halves ( 3 a , 3 b) or the stator section ( 3 c), are formed by components divided in the radial direction, which are firmly connected to one another by means of connecting means after installation. 6. Retarder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator ( 3 ), in particular the stator halves ( 3 a, 3 b) or the stator section ( 3 c) are connected to the vehicle or a chassis ( 19 ) via adjustable holders , 7. Retarder according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stator ( 3 ) is connected via adjustable or adjustable clamping elements to a wheel suspension of the vehicle. 8. Retarder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an assigned power supply for supplying the magnetic field coils and possibly the electronics control of the retarder ( 16 ), which is preferably formed by a generator ( 18 ) and possibly downstream batteries. 9. Retarder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an intermediate gear ( 17 ) is arranged between the axis ( 5 ) or shaft and the retarder ( 16 ). 10. Retarder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the retarder is encapsulated in a housing ( 21 ), preferably consisting of aluminum or the like, the rotor disks ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 ) from a liquid bath ( 12 ), in particular by a cooling liquid ( 13 ). 11. Retarder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling liquid ( 13 ) is converted by means of a pump, for example an electric pump ( 14 ), in a closed circuit between the housing ( 21 ) and a heat exchanger ( 15 ). 12. Retarder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor disks ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 ) are fastened to the axle or shaft by means of tensioning elements, inner and outer ring elements ( 9 , 10 ) being provided and preferably via Corresponding inclined surfaces or conical surfaces, in particular by means of screws ( 8 ) or similar means, can be wedged together in the axial direction. 13. Retarder according to claim 12, characterized in that a needle bearing ( 11 ) is arranged between the outer ring element ( 9 ) and the annular stator ( 3 ).