DE10101295A1 - Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, especially natural gas, comprises purifying the hydrocarbon-rich stream, cooling and partially condensing the purified stream, and removing higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, especially natural gas, comprises purifying the hydrocarbon-rich stream, cooling and partially condensing the purified stream, and removing higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide

Info

Publication number
DE10101295A1
DE10101295A1 DE10101295A DE10101295A DE10101295A1 DE 10101295 A1 DE10101295 A1 DE 10101295A1 DE 10101295 A DE10101295 A DE 10101295A DE 10101295 A DE10101295 A DE 10101295A DE 10101295 A1 DE10101295 A1 DE 10101295A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
hydrocarbon
rich stream
liquefying
stream
carbon dioxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE10101295A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Max Braeutigam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to DE10101295A priority Critical patent/DE10101295A1/en
Publication of DE10101295A1 publication Critical patent/DE10101295A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/061—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0635—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/065—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 4 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/067—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/40—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using hybrid system, i.e. combining cryogenic and non-cryogenic separation techniques
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F25J2205/70—Heating the adsorption vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/80—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using membrane, i.e. including a permeation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/66—Separating acid gases, e.g. CO2, SO2, H2S or RSH
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/10—Integration in a gas transmission system at a pressure reduction, e.g. "let down" station
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Abstract

Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, especially natural gas, comprises purifying the hydrocarbon-rich stream (1) using water vapor and carbon dioxide; cooling and partially condensing the purified stream (3); removing higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide from the cooled stream; heating the remaining hydrocarbon-rich stream (7) and post-purifying the stream by adsorbing water vapor and carbon dioxide; cooling the post-purified stream, partially condensing and liberating from the higher hydrocarbons; and further cooling the resulting hydrocarbon-rich stream (12) and liquefying. Preferred Features: The resulting hydrocarbon-rich stream is stored in a storage container (S) and the boil-off gas stream (14) is removed from the storage container and fed to a gas motor generator.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes, insbesondere von Erdgas,The invention relates to a process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich Electricity, especially natural gas,

Verfahren zur Verflüssigung von Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Strömen, insbesondere von Erdgas, gibt es zum einen als sehr große Einheiten, als sog. Baseload-Anlagen - wie sie beispielsweise aus der DE-A 28 52 078 bekannt sind -, und zum anderen als mittelgroße Einheiten für den sog. Peak-shaving Betrieb. Klein- und Kleinstanlagen - d. h. bis zu einer Verflüssigungskapazität von ca. 10 m3 pro Tag - sind bisher nur in geringer Stückzahl gebaut worden, da der spezifische Preis für das Produkt sehr hoch ist. In jüngster Zeit mehren sich jedoch die Anzeichen für einen Bedarf an kleinen Anlagen, insbesondere LNG(Liquid Natural Gas)-Anlagen, die z. B. in der Einführungsphase von LNG als Kraftstoff benötigt werden.Processes for the liquefaction of hydrocarbon-rich streams, in particular natural gas, exist on the one hand as very large units, as so-called baseload systems - as are known, for example, from DE-A 28 52 078 - and on the other hand as medium-sized units for the so-called peak-shaving operation. Small and very small plants - that is, up to a liquefaction capacity of approx. 10 m 3 per day - have so far only been built in small numbers, since the specific price for the product is very high. In recent times, however, there are increasing signs of a need for small plants, in particular LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) plants. B. are needed as fuel in the introductory phase of LNG.

Bei herkömmlichen Verflüssigungsanlagen für Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Ströme, wie z. B. Erdgas, wird das Erdgas zunächst verdichtet und die Kompressionswärme in einem Nachkühler abgeführt. Sodann erfolgt ggf. die Abtrennung von Kohlendioxid mittels einer entsprechenden Wäsche, wobei Kohlendioxid-Restgehalte von ca. 50 ppm erreicht werden. Dieser Wäsche schließt sich im Regelfall eine adsorptive Trocknung des Erdgases an. Daran anschließend wird das von Kohlendioxid und Wasser gereinigte Erdgas einer Tieftemperatur-Anlage mit Wärmetauschern, Abscheidern, Entspannungsventilen und Entspannungsmaschinen zugeführt. Im Zuge der erforderlichen Abkühlung des Erdgases werden die höheren (C2+-)Kohlenwasserstoffe abgetrennt und die restlichen Kohlenwasserstoffe - dies sind im Wesentlichen die C1-Kohlenwasserstoffe - verflüssigtIn conventional liquefaction plants for hydrocarbon-rich streams, such as. B. natural gas, the natural gas is first compressed and the heat of compression is removed in an aftercooler. Then, if appropriate, the removal of carbon dioxide is carried out by means of an appropriate washing, carbon dioxide residual contents of approximately 50 ppm being achieved. This scrubbing is usually followed by an adsorptive drying of the natural gas. The natural gas, cleaned of carbon dioxide and water, is then fed to a low-temperature system with heat exchangers, separators, expansion valves and expansion machines. In the course of the necessary cooling of the natural gas, the higher (C 2+ ) hydrocarbons are separated off and the remaining hydrocarbons - essentially the C 1 hydrocarbons - are liquefied

Nachteilig bei dieser Verfahrensweise ist jedoch, dass der Adsorptionsprozess mit den noch in dem zu verflüssigenden Erdgas enthaltenen höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen belastet wird. Es sind daher entsprechend dimensionierte Adsorber(behälter) vorzusehen, die zudem einen erheblichen Aufwand in Bezug auf Regeneriergasmenge und Regenerierenergie erfordern. A disadvantage of this procedure, however, is that the adsorption process with the higher hydrocarbons still contained in the natural gas to be liquefied is charged. Appropriately sized adsorbers (containers) are therefore to provide, which also involves a considerable effort in terms of the amount of regeneration gas and require regeneration energy.  

Die für die Abkühlung und Verflüssigung des Erdgases erforderliche Kälteleistung wird dabei entweder mit einem offenen oder geschlossenen Kältekreislauf und/oder durch eine Entspannung in einem Joule-Thompson-Ventil erbracht.The cooling capacity required for cooling and liquefying the natural gas is either with an open or closed refrigeration cycle and / or through relaxation in a Joule-Thompson valve.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes, insbesondere von Erdgas anzugeben, das die Realisierung eines sog. Stand-alone-Prozesses ermöglicht. Derartige Prozesse sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zu einem über eine im Wesentlichen autarke Energieversorgung verfügen und zum anderen nur minimale Reststoffmengen produzieren.The object of the present invention is to provide a method for liquefying a Hydrocarbon-rich electricity, especially natural gas, to indicate the Realization of a so-called stand-alone process. Such processes are characterized in that it becomes an essentially self-sufficient Have energy supply and on the other hand only minimal residues to produce.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren vorgeschlagen, bei dem
To solve this problem, a generic method is proposed in which

  • a) der Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom permeativ von bei der Verflüssigung störenden Komponenten, insbesondere von Wasserdampf und Kohlendioxid, weitgehend gereinigt wird,a) the hydrocarbon-rich stream permeatively from the liquefaction disruptive components, especially water vapor and carbon dioxide, is largely cleaned,
  • b) der gereinigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom abgekühlt und partiell kondensiert wird, wobei dieser Strom lediglich bis zu einer Temperatur abgekühlt wird, bei der kein Kohlendioxid ausfriert,b) the purified hydrocarbon-rich stream cooled and partially is condensed, this current only up to a temperature is cooled down with no carbon dioxide freezing out,
  • c) gegebenenfalls vorhandene höhere Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlendioxid aus dem abgekühlten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Strom abgetrennt werden,c) any higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide present be separated from the cooled hydrocarbon-rich stream,
  • d) der Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom angewärmt und adsorptiv von Wasserdampf und Kohlendioxid nachgereinigt wird,d) the hydrocarbon-rich stream is warmed and adsorptive of Water vapor and carbon dioxide is cleaned,
  • e) der nachgereinigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom wiederum abgekühlt, partiell kondensiert und von gegebenenfalls vorhandenen höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen befreit wird unde) the purified hydrocarbon-rich stream is cooled again, partially condensed and of any higher ones present Hydrocarbons is released and
  • f) der resultierende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom zumindest teilweise weiter abgekühlt und verflüssigt wird.f) the resulting hydrocarbon-rich stream continues at least partially cooled and liquefied.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen desselben, die Gegenstände von Unteransprüchen sind, werden im Folgenden anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. The process according to the invention for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich Current and other refinements of the same, the objects of Subclaims are described below with reference to that shown in the figure Embodiment explained in more detail.  

Über Leitung 1 wird der zur verflüssigende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom, beispielsweise Erdgas, der gegebenenfalls zuvor auf einen Druck zwischen 50 und 120 bar verdichtet wurde, in einem ersten Wärmetauscher E0 auf eine Temperatur zwischen 50 und 100°C erwärmt. Erdgas weist neben Methan noch höhere Kohlenwasserstoffe - bis ca. 8% -, Kohlendioxid - bis ca. 2% -, Wasserdampf - entsprechend der Temperatureinstellung - und Stickstoff auf.Via line 1 , the hydrocarbon-rich stream to be liquefied, for example natural gas, which may have been previously compressed to a pressure between 50 and 120 bar, is heated to a temperature between 50 and 100 ° C. in a first heat exchanger E0. In addition to methane, natural gas also contains higher hydrocarbons - up to approx. 8% -, carbon dioxide - up to approx. 2% -, water vapor - depending on the temperature setting - and nitrogen.

Sofern der zu verflüssigende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom aus einer entsprechenden Hochdruck-Pipeline entnommen wird, kann auf eine Verdichtung verzichtet werden. Ist jedoch eine Verdichtung erforderlich, so kann auf die ansonsten erfolgende Nachkühlung verzichtet werden. In diesem Falle erübrigt sich der in der Figur dargestellte Wärmetauscher E0.If the hydrocarbon-rich stream to be liquefied comes from a corresponding high-pressure pipeline can be removed, may lead to compression to be dispensed with. However, if compression is necessary, then otherwise subsequent cooling can be dispensed with. In this case there is no need in the Figure heat exchanger E0 shown.

Der Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom wird nunmehr einer permeativ arbeitenden Trennanlage M zugeführt. Diese Trennanlage M kann einstufig - wie in der Figur dargestellt - oder mehrstufig ausgelegt sein.The hydrocarbon-rich stream is now becoming permeate Separation system M fed. This separation system M can have one stage - as in the figure shown - or be designed in several stages.

Aus der Trennanlage M wird über Leitung 2 ein Stickstoff, Kohlendioxid und Wasserdampf enthaltender Restgasstrom abgezogen und einem in der Figur nicht dargestellten Gasmotor-Generator, der der Bereitstellung der für die Antriebe der Verdichter sowie weiterer Verbraucher benötigten (elektrischen) Energie dient, zugeführt. In der Trennanlage M werden der Kohlendioxid- und Wassergehalt bis auf ca. 10% und der Stickstoffgehalt bis auf ca. 50% reduziert.A residual gas stream containing nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor is drawn off from the separation system M via line 2 and fed to a gas motor generator (not shown in the figure) which serves to provide the (electrical) energy required for driving the compressors and other consumers. In the separation system M, the carbon dioxide and water content are reduced to approximately 10% and the nitrogen content to approximately 50%.

Der gereinigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom verlässt die Trennanlage M über Leitung 3, wird zunächst im Nachkühler E1 abgekühlt und anschließend im Wärmetauscher E2 gegen anzuwärmende Verfahrensströme abgekühlt und partiell kondensiert. Hierbei wird der Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom jedoch nur soweit abgekühlt - beispielsweise bis auf ca. -30°C -, dass kein Kohlendioxid in dem Wärmetauscher E2 ausfriert. Die Temperatur am kalten Ende des Wärmetauschers E2 wird somit durch den Kohlendioxidrestgehalt in dem die Trennanlage M verlassenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Strom bestimmt. Bei der Abkühlung des Kohlenwasserstoff­ reichen Stromes in dem Wärmetauscher E2 wird ein Großteil der noch in dem Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Strom enthaltenen höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen verflüssigt. The cleaned hydrocarbon-rich stream leaves the separation system M via line 3 , is first cooled in the aftercooler E1 and then cooled in the heat exchanger E2 against process streams to be heated and partially condensed. In this case, however, the hydrocarbon-rich stream is only cooled to such an extent - for example down to approximately -30 ° C. - that no carbon dioxide freezes out in the heat exchanger E2. The temperature at the cold end of the heat exchanger E2 is thus determined by the residual carbon dioxide content in the hydrocarbon-rich stream leaving the separation plant M. When the hydrocarbon-rich stream is cooled in the heat exchanger E2, a large part of the higher hydrocarbons still contained in the hydrocarbon-rich stream is liquefied.

Der abgekühlte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom wird über Leitung 4 einem ersten Abscheider D1 zugeführt. Aus dem Sumpf des Abscheiders D1 werden über Leitung 5 der Großteil der in dem zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Strom enthaltenen höheren Kohlenwasserstoffe sowie des restlichen Kohlendioxides abgezogen. Diese Flüssigfraktion wird im Ventil a entspannt, anschließend im Wärmetauscher E2 gegen abzukühlende Verfahrensströme angewärmt und sodann über Leitung 6 der bereits erwähnten Restgasfraktion in der Leitung 2 zugemischt.The cooled hydrocarbon-rich stream is fed via line 4 to a first separator D1. The majority of the higher hydrocarbons contained in the hydrocarbon-rich stream to be liquefied and the remaining carbon dioxide are drawn off from the bottom of the separator D1 via line 5 . This liquid fraction is expanded in valve a, then heated in heat exchanger E2 against process streams to be cooled, and then admixed via line 6 to the residual gas fraction already mentioned in line 2 .

Am Kopf des Abscheiders D1 wird über Leitung 7 der vorgereinigte Kohlenwasserstoff- reiche Strom abgezogen, dem Wärmetauscher E2 zugeführt und in diesem gegen abzukühlende Verfahrensströme wieder angewärmt, und anschließend über Leitung 8 der adsorptiven Nachreinigungsstufe A und A' zugeführt.At the top of the separator D1, the pre-cleaned hydrocarbon-rich stream is drawn off via line 7 , fed to the heat exchanger E2 and heated again in the latter against process streams to be cooled, and then fed via line 8 to the adsorptive post-cleaning stages A and A '.

Diese Nachreinigungsstufe - in der Figur sind der Übersichtlichkeit halber lediglich zwei Adsorberbehälter A und A' dargestellt, prinzipiell können jedoch auch mehrere Adsorber parallel angeordnet werden, - kann beispielsweise als sog. Pressure-Swing- Adsorption- und/oder Temperature-Swing-Adsorption-Prozess ausgelegt werden. Derartige Prozesse dienen der Abtrennung des noch in dem zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Strom enthaltenen Wasserdampfes sowie Kohlendioxides. Die Adsorber A und A' sind mit einem Adsorptionsmittel gefüllt, das die Entfernung von Kohlendioxid und Wasserdampf aus dem gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Strom ermöglicht. Für die Nachreinigung des Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes werden in der Regel wenigstens zwei Adsorber A und A' parallel betrieben. Während sich wenigstens einer der Adsorber in der Adsorptionsphase befindet, wird der zweite Adsorber regeneriert.This post-cleaning stage - in the figure are only for the sake of clarity two adsorber tanks A and A 'shown, but in principle several can Adsorbers can be arranged in parallel - can be used, for example, as a so-called pressure swing Adsorption and / or temperature swing adsorption process can be designed. Such processes serve to separate what is still to be liquefied Hydrocarbon-rich stream containing water vapor and carbon dioxide. The adsorbers A and A 'are filled with an adsorbent, the removal of Carbon dioxide and water vapor from the gaseous hydrocarbon-rich Electricity enables. For the post-cleaning of the hydrocarbon-rich electricity As a rule, at least two adsorbers A and A 'are operated in parallel. While if at least one of the adsorbers is in the adsorption phase, the second Regenerated adsorber.

Da erfindungsgemäß nunmehr bereits vor der adsorptiven Nachreinigungsstufe eine Abtrennung eines Großteiles der höheren Kohlenwasserstoffe stattfindet, kann diese adsorptive Nachreinigungsstufe - verglichen mit dem vorbeschriebenen Stand der Technik - kleiner dimensioniert werden, woraus eine deutliche Verringerung der Investitionskosten resultiert. Darüber hinaus verringern sich auch Regeneriergasmenge sowie der erforderliche Regenerierenergieaufwand. Since, according to the invention, there is already a prior to the adsorptive post-cleaning stage Separation of a large part of the higher hydrocarbons can take place adsorptive post-cleaning stage - compared to the previously described level Technology - be dimensioned smaller, resulting in a significant reduction in Investment costs result. In addition, the amount of regeneration gas is also reduced as well as the required regeneration energy expenditure.  

Der auf diese Weise nachgereinigte, zu verflüssigende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom wird anschließend über Leitung 9 wiederum dem Wärmetauscher E2 sowie dem diesen nachgeschalteten Wärmetauscher E3 zugeführt, in diesen gegen anzuwärmende Verfahrensströme bis auf eine Temperatur von ca. -70°C abgekühlt und partiell kondensiert und anschließend über Leitung 10 einem zweiten Abscheider D2 zugeführt.The hydrocarbon-rich stream to be liquefied in this way is then again fed via line 9 to the heat exchanger E2 and to the heat exchanger E3 connected downstream thereof, in which it is cooled down to process temperatures to be heated to a temperature of approximately -70.degree. C. and partially condensed and then fed via line 10 to a second separator D2.

Aus dem Sumpf des Abscheiders D2 wird über Leitung 11, in der ebenfalls ein Entspannungsventil b vorgesehen ist, eine an höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen reiche Flüssigfraktion abgezogen, im Wärmetauscher E3 gegen abzukühlende Verfahrensströme angewärmt und der bereits beschriebenen Flüssigfraktion in der Leitung 6 und damit - nach Durchströmung des Wärmetauschers E2 - auch der Restgasfraktion in der Leitung 2 beigemischt.From the bottom of the separator D2, a liquid fraction rich in higher hydrocarbons is drawn off via line 11 , in which an expansion valve b is also provided, heated in the heat exchanger E3 against process streams to be cooled and the liquid fraction already described in line 6 and thus - after flowing through the Heat exchanger E2 - also added to the residual gas fraction in line 2 .

Am Kopf des Abscheiders D2 wird die zu verflüssigende C1-reiche Gasfraktion abgezogen und in zwei Teilströme aufgeteilt. Der erste Teilstrom wird über Leitung 12 dem Wärmetauscher E4 zugeführt und in diesem gegen anzuwärmende Verfahrensströme verflüssigt und gegebenenfalls unterkühlt, bevor das verflüssigte Produkt dem Speicherbehälter S zugeführt wird.The C 1 -rich gas fraction to be liquefied is drawn off at the top of the separator D2 and divided into two partial streams. The first partial flow is fed to the heat exchanger E4 via line 12 and liquefied in the latter against process streams to be heated and possibly supercooled before the liquefied product is fed to the storage container S.

Erfolgt über einen längeren Zeitraum keine Entnahme von verflüssigtem Produkt aus dem Speicherbehälter S, kommt es - abhängig von der Speicherbehälterkonstruktion, der Befüllmenge, etc. - zu einer Bildung von Boil-off-Gas, das bei Übersteigen eines bestimmten Druckes im Speicherbehälter S aus diesem abgeführt werden muss.If the liquefied product is not removed for a longer period of time the storage tank S, depending on the storage tank design, the filling quantity, etc. - to form boil-off gas, which is exceeded when one certain pressure in the storage container S must be removed from this.

Zur Verringerung der zwangsläufig auftretenden Boil-off-Gasmenge kann in dem Speicherbehälter S ein Kondensator angeordnet werden - dies ist der Übersichtlichkeit halber in der Figur nicht dargestellt -, in dem ein geeignetes Kühlmedium, vorzugsweise flüssiger Stickstoff, zirkuliert und so das in dem Speicherbehälter S gespeicherte Medium abgekühlt, wodurch die Bildung des Boil-off-Gases verhindert bzw. zumindest die gebildete Menge an Boil-off-Gas verringert wird.To reduce the inevitable amount of boil-off gas can in the Storage container S a capacitor can be arranged - this is for clarity for the sake of not shown in the figure -, in which a suitable cooling medium, preferably liquid nitrogen circulates and so that in the storage container S stored medium cooled, which prevents the formation of the boil-off gas or at least the amount of boil-off gas formed is reduced.

Kommt es dennoch zu einer Bindung von Boil-off-Gas in dem Speicherbehälter S, so wird dieses aus dem Speicherbehälter S über Leitung 14 abgezogen, in den Wärmetauschern E4 und E2 gegen abzukühlende Verfahrensströme angewärmt und anschließend über Leitung 15 ebenfalls dem bereits erwähnten Gasmotor-Generator zugeführt.If there is still a binding of boil-off gas in the storage container S, it is withdrawn from the storage container S via line 14 , heated in the heat exchangers E4 and E2 against process streams to be cooled and then also via line 15 also the gas engine already mentioned. Generator supplied.

Der zweite Teilstrom der am Kopf des Abscheiders D2 abgezogenen C1-reichen Gasfraktion wird über Leitung 13 einer Entspannungsturbine T zugeführt, nach erfolgter Entspannung über Leitung 16 den Wärmetauschern E4, E3 und E2 zugeführt und in diesen gegen abzukühlende Verfahrensströme angewärmt, bevor er wieder mittels eines Kreislaufverdichters verdichtet und nach erfolgter Nachkühlung dem Strom in der Leitung 9 zugemischt wird.The second partial flow of the C 1 -rich gas fraction drawn off at the top of the separator D2 is fed via line 13 to an expansion turbine T, after expansion has been carried out via line 16 to the heat exchangers E4, E3 and E2 and heated therein against process streams to be cooled, before again using a circuit compressor is compressed and after the after-cooling is added to the stream in line 9 .

Wie bereits beschrieben, werden sämtliche innerhalb des Abkühl- und Verflüssigungsprozesses anfallenden Restgasströme, sofern dies zweckmäßig ist, gegen abzukühlende Verfahrensströme angewärmt und einem Gasmotor-Generator zugeführt.As already described, all within the cooling and Liquefaction process resulting residual gas flows, if this is appropriate, warmed against process streams to be cooled and a gas engine generator fed.

Darüber hinaus kann die Hochtemperatur-Abwärme aus dem Abgas des Gasmotor- Generators beispielsweise für die erforderliche Regenerierung beladener Adsorber und die Niedertemperatur-Abwärme aus dem Kühlkreislauf des Gasmotor-Generators zum Vorwärmen der in der permeativ arbeitenden Trennanlage M verwendeten Membran(en) - um deren Wirkung zu verbessern - genutzt werden.In addition, the high-temperature waste heat from the exhaust gas of the gas engine Generator for example for the necessary regeneration of loaded adsorbers and the low-temperature waste heat from the cooling circuit of the gas engine generator Preheat the used in the permeation separation system M used Membrane (s) - to improve their effectiveness - are used.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes (1), insbesondere von Erdgas, bei dem
  • a) der Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom (1) permeativ (M) von bei der Verflüssigung störenden Komponenten, insbesondere von Wasserdampf und Kohlendioxid, weitgehend gereinigt wird,
  • b) der gereinigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom (3) abgekühlt (E2) und partiell kondensiert wird, wobei dieser Strom (3) lediglich bis zu einer Temperatur abgekühlt wird, bei der kein Kohlendioxid ausfriert,
  • c) gegebenenfalls vorhandene höhere Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlendioxid aus dem abgekühlten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Strom (3, 4) abgetrennt (D1) werden,
  • d) der Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom (7) angewärmt (E2) und adsorptiv (A, A') von Wasserdampf und Kohlendioxid nachgereinigt wird,
  • e) der nachgereinigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom (9) wiederum abgekühlt (E2, E3), partiell kondensiert und von gegebenenfalls vorhandenen höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen befreit wird (D2) und
  • f) der resultierende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Strom (12) zumindest teilweise weiter abgekühlt (E4) und verflüssigt wird.
1. A process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 1 ), in particular natural gas, in which
  • a) the hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 1 ) is largely cleaned (M) of components which interfere with liquefaction, in particular of water vapor and carbon dioxide,
  • b) the purified hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 3 ) is cooled (E2) and partially condensed, this stream ( 3 ) being cooled only to a temperature at which no carbon dioxide freezes out,
  • c) any higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide present are separated off from the cooled hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 3 , 4 ) (D1),
  • d) the hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 7 ) is warmed (E2) and adsorptively (A, A ') cleaned of water vapor and carbon dioxide,
  • e) the purified hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 9 ) is again cooled (E2, E3), partially condensed and freed from any higher hydrocarbons which may be present (D2) and
  • f) the resulting hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 12 ) is at least partially further cooled (E4) and liquefied.
2. Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verflüssigte Kohlenwasserstoff­ reiche Strom (12) in einem Speicherbehälter (S) gelagert, der in dem Speicherbehälter (S) anfallende Boil-off-Gasstrom (14) aus dem Speicherbehälter (S) abgezogen und einem Gasmotor-Generator zugeführt wird.2. The method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 12 ) is stored in a storage tank (S), the boil-off gas stream ( 14 ) occurring in the storage tank (S). withdrawn from the storage container (S) and fed to a gas engine generator. 3. Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gasmotor-Generator der Bereitstellung der für die Antriebe der Verdichter (V) und weitere Verbraucher benötigten (elektrischen) Energie dient. 3. Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream Claim 2, characterized in that the gas engine generator Provision of the drives for the compressors (V) and other consumers required (electrical) energy.   4. Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in dem Speicherbehälter (S) gelagerte verflüssigte Medium mittels eines in dem Speicherbehälter (S) angeordneten Kondensators, dem ein geeignetes Kühlmedium, vorzugsweise flüssiger Stickstoff, zugeführt wird, gekühlt wird.4. Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that in the storage container (S) stored liquefied medium by means of a in the storage container (S) arranged condenser, which is a suitable cooling medium, preferably liquid nitrogen, is fed, is cooled. 5. Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die adsorptive Nachreinigung (A, A') des Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes (7, 8) mittels eines Pressure-Swing-Adsorption-Prozesses und/oder Temperature-Swing-Adsorption- Prozesses erfolgt.5. A method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorptive post-cleaning (A, A ') of the hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 7 , 8 ) by means of a pressure swing adsorption process and / or temperature swing adsorption process. 6. Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sämtliche innerhalb des Abkühl- und Verflüssigungsprozesses anfallende Restgasströme (2, 5, 6, 11), sofern zweckmäßig, gegen abzukühlende Verfahrensströme angewärmt (E2, E3, E4) und einem Gasmotor-Generator zugeführt werden.6. A process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all residual gas streams ( 2 , 5 , 6 , 11 ) occurring within the cooling and liquefying process are warmed against process streams to be cooled, if appropriate (E2, E3 , E4) and a gas engine generator. 7. Verfahren zum Verflüssigen eines Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die permeative Reinigung (M) des Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Stromes (1) ein- oder mehrstufig erfolgt.7. The method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permeative cleaning (M) of the hydrocarbon-rich stream ( 1 ) takes place in one or more stages.
DE10101295A 2001-01-12 2001-01-12 Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, especially natural gas, comprises purifying the hydrocarbon-rich stream, cooling and partially condensing the purified stream, and removing higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide Withdrawn DE10101295A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10101295A DE10101295A1 (en) 2001-01-12 2001-01-12 Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, especially natural gas, comprises purifying the hydrocarbon-rich stream, cooling and partially condensing the purified stream, and removing higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10101295A DE10101295A1 (en) 2001-01-12 2001-01-12 Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, especially natural gas, comprises purifying the hydrocarbon-rich stream, cooling and partially condensing the purified stream, and removing higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE10101295A1 true DE10101295A1 (en) 2002-07-18

Family

ID=7670420

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE10101295A Withdrawn DE10101295A1 (en) 2001-01-12 2001-01-12 Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, especially natural gas, comprises purifying the hydrocarbon-rich stream, cooling and partially condensing the purified stream, and removing higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10101295A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007005494A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Dge Dr.-Ing. Günther Engineering Gmbh Producing liquid methane from a gas containing methane and carbon dioxide comprises scrubbing the gas to remove carbon dioxide and using the liquefied carbon dioxide to liquefy the methane

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2852078A1 (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-06-12 Linde Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING NATURAL GAS
DE19631841A1 (en) * 1996-08-07 1998-02-12 Geesthacht Gkss Forschung Composite membrane with a coating of polyether-polyester block copolymers for the separation of polar gases from gas mixtures
DE19920312A1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-09 Linde Ag Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream comprises liquefying a partial stream against a stream from a cryogenic air decomposition plant on a corresponding temperature level

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2852078A1 (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-06-12 Linde Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING NATURAL GAS
DE19631841A1 (en) * 1996-08-07 1998-02-12 Geesthacht Gkss Forschung Composite membrane with a coating of polyether-polyester block copolymers for the separation of polar gases from gas mixtures
DE19920312A1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-09 Linde Ag Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream comprises liquefying a partial stream against a stream from a cryogenic air decomposition plant on a corresponding temperature level

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007005494A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Dge Dr.-Ing. Günther Engineering Gmbh Producing liquid methane from a gas containing methane and carbon dioxide comprises scrubbing the gas to remove carbon dioxide and using the liquefied carbon dioxide to liquefy the methane

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1729077B1 (en) Process and device for the recovery of products from synthesis gas
DE102005051952B3 (en) Preparing methane and liquid carbon dioxide from biogas, comprises contacting prepurified biogas; absorbing carbon dioxide by wash solution; compressing obtained detergent; supplying to desorption column; and condensing carbon dioxide
RU2272228C1 (en) Universal gas separation and liquefaction method (variants) and device
EP1724542B1 (en) Process and device for the recovery of products from synthesis gas
EP0596470A1 (en) Process for obtaining very pure liquid methane
CH694104A5 (en) Cascade refrigeration process for liquefying natural gas.
WO2007144078A2 (en) Process for liquefying hydrogen
DE4440401A1 (en) Process for liquefying natural gas
US7678349B2 (en) System for liquefying light hydrocarbon gas with a plurality of light hydrocarbon gas liquefaction trains
DE102011014678A1 (en) Process and apparatus for treating a carbon dioxide-containing gas stream
DE19612173C1 (en) Procedure for liquefaction of hydrocarbon rich process flow, especially natural gas
DE102006021620B4 (en) Pretreatment of a liquefied natural gas stream
WO2008095713A2 (en) Method for liquefying a stream rich in hydrocarbons
DE10101295A1 (en) Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, especially natural gas, comprises purifying the hydrocarbon-rich stream, cooling and partially condensing the purified stream, and removing higher hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide
DE4017611A1 (en) METHOD FOR LIQUIDATING GASES
DE19517116C1 (en) Process for reducing energy consumption
WO2016015855A1 (en) Obtaining xenon from ethane-rich liquids and gases
DE19620653C1 (en) Separately storing liquefied gases
DE3322473A1 (en) Method and device for avoiding enrichment of undesired components in a liquid medium
DE19821242A1 (en) Liquefaction of pressurized hydrocarbon-enriched stream
DE19707476C2 (en) Method and device for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream
DE19622692C1 (en) Liquefaction of hydrocarbon-rich gas stream containing aromatic and heavy hydrocarbon(s)
AT383884B (en) Method for recovering energy of liquefaction expended in decomposing air after liquefaction
DE102020130946B4 (en) Cryogenic process for recovering valuable substances from a hydrogen-rich feed gas
DE19920312A1 (en) Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream comprises liquefying a partial stream against a stream from a cryogenic air decomposition plant on a corresponding temperature level

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
OM8 Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law
8139 Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee