DE10063957A1 - New drug compositions based on anticholinergics and dopamine agonists - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions based on anticholinergic agents and dopamine agonists, a method for the production of said compositions and the use of the same for the treatment of respiratory tract diseases.

Description

The present invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions based on of anticholinergics and dopamine agonists, processes for their preparation as well their use in the therapy of respiratory diseases.

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions based on of anticholinergics and dopamine agonists, processes for their preparation as well their use in the therapy of respiratory diseases.

Surprisingly, an unexpectedly beneficial therapeutic effect especially a synergistic effect in the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive airway disease is observed when one or more, preferably an anticholinergic together with one or more, preferably a dopamine agonist. Because of this The drug combinations according to the invention are synergistic can be used at a lower dose than with the otherwise usual monotherapy of individual connections is the case. This can cause unwanted Side effects, such as those associated with the application of dopamine agonists may occur.

The above-mentioned effects can be achieved with simultaneous application within a single active ingredient formulation as well as with successive application of the two active substances can be observed in separate formulations. According to the invention, the simultaneous application of the two is preferred Active ingredient ingredients in a single formulation.

In the context of the present invention, anticholinergics 1 are understood to mean salts which are preferably selected from the group consisting of tiotropium salts, oxitropium salts and ipratropium salts, ipratropium salts and tiotropium salts being particularly preferred. In the salts mentioned above, the cations tiotropium, oxitropium and ipratropium are the pharmacologically active constituents. In the context of the present patent application, reference to the above cations can be recognized by using the designation 1 ' . However, a reference to compounds 1 naturally includes a reference to the components 1 ' (tiotropium, oxitropium or ipratropium).

The salts 1 which can be used in the context of the present invention are taken to mean the compounds which, in addition to tiotropium, oxitropium or ipratropium, contain chloride, bromide, iodide, methanesulfonate or para-toluenesulfonate as the counterion (anion). Of the salts 1, methanesulfonate, chloride, bromide or iodide are preferred in the context of the present invention, methanesulfonate or bromide being of particular importance. Of outstanding importance according to the invention are salts 1 which are selected from the group consisting of tiotropium bromide, oxitropium bromide and ipratropium bromide. Ipratropium bromide and tiotropium bromide are particularly preferred.

In the context of the present invention, dopamine agonists (hereinafter 2 ) are understood to mean compounds which are selected from the group consisting of bromocriptine, cabergoline, alpha-dihydroergocryptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole, roxindole, ropinirole, talipexole, terguride and the 7th - (2-Aminoethyl) benzothiazolones of the general formula 3

wherein
X and Y are the same or different -S (O) _n - or -O-;
n 0, 1 or 2;
p, q and r are the same or different 2 or 3;
Z phenyl, which may optionally be substituted by a radical selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR ¹ , NO ₂ or NR ² R ³ , or
a 5 or 6-membered N, O or S containing heterocycle;
R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} identical or different hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

The compounds of formula 3 mentioned above are disclosed in WO 93/24473, to which reference is made here in full.

In the context of the present invention, dopamine agonists 2 are preferably understood, which are selected from the group consisting of bromocriptine, cabergoline, alpha-dihydroergocryptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole, roxindole, ropinirole, talipexol, terguride and the compound of the formula 3 '

The aforementioned compound of the formula 3 ' is also disclosed in WO 93/24473 and is also referred to below as Viozan.

The dopamine agonist 2 is preferably selected from the group consisting of pramipexole, talipexole and viozan, pramipexole and viozan, in particular viozan, being of particular importance.

In the context of the present invention, a reference to the above-mentioned dopamine agonists 2 includes a reference to their pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts which may exist.

The physiologically acceptable acid addition salts which can be formed by 2 are understood to mean, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts which are selected from the salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or maleic acid ,

The pharmaceutical combinations according to the invention from 1 and 2 are preferably administered by inhalation. Suitable inhalable powders, which are filled into suitable capsules (inhalettes) and applied by means of appropriate powder inhalers, can be used. As an alternative to this, inhalative use can also be carried out by applying suitable inhalation aerosols. This also includes inhalation aerosols containing, for example, HFA134a, HFA227 or their mixture as propellant. The inhalation application can also take place by means of suitable solutions of the drug combination consisting of 1 and 2 .

One aspect of the present invention accordingly relates to a medicament which contains a combination of 1 and 2 .

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a medicament which contains one or more salts 1 and one or more compounds 2 , optionally in the form of their solvates or hydrates. Here, too, the active ingredients can either be contained together in a single dosage form or in two separate dosage forms. According to the invention, preference is given to medicaments which contain the active ingredients 1 and 2 in a single dosage form.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a medicament which, in addition to therapeutically effective amounts of 1 and 2, contains a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a medicament which, in addition to therapeutically effective amounts of 1 and 2, contains no pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The present invention further relates to the use of 1 and 2 for the production of a therapeutically effective amount of medicament containing 1 and 2 for the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive respiratory diseases, in particular asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), provided treatment with dopamine agonists therapeutic point of view is not contraindicated, by simultaneous or successive application. The drug combinations according to the invention from 1 and 2 can furthermore be used for the production of a drug for the treatment of cystic fibrosis by simultaneous or successive application of 1 and 2 .

The present invention further aims at the simultaneous or successive use of therapeutically effective doses of the combination of the above drugs 1 and 2 for the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive respiratory diseases, in particular asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), provided treatment with dopamine agonists from a therapeutic point of view is not contraindicated, through simultaneous or successive application. The present invention further relates to the use of therapeutically effective doses of the combination of the above medicinal products 1 and 2 for the treatment of cystic fibrosis by simultaneous or successive application of 1 and 2 . In the active compound combinations according to the invention from 1 and 2 , the constituents 1 and 2 can be present in the form of their enantiomers, mixtures of the enantiomers or in the form of the racemates.

The ratios in which the two active ingredients 1 and 2 can be used in the active ingredient combinations according to the invention are variable. Active ingredients 1 and 2 may optionally be in the form of their solvates or hydrates. Depending on the choice of compounds 1 and 2 , the weight ratios which can be used in the context of the present invention vary on account of the different molecular weights of the various compounds and on account of their different potency. As a rule, the pharmaceutical combinations according to the invention can contain the compounds 1 and 2 in weight ratios which are in a range from 1: 300 to 50: 1, preferably from 1: 250 to 40: 1. In the particularly preferred pharmaceutical combinations which contain ipratropium salt or tiotropium salt as compound 1 and a compound selected from the group consisting of pramipexole, talipexol and viozan as dopamine agonist 2 , the weight ratios of 1 to 2 are particularly preferably in a range in which ipratropium or tiotropium 1 ' and 2 in ratios of 1: 150 to 30: 1, further preferably from 1:50 to 20: 1.

For example and without restricting the scope of the invention thereto, preferred combinations according to the invention of 1 and 2 ipratropium or tiotropium 1 ' and dopamine agonists 2 can contain the following weight ratios: 1:50; 1:49; 1:48; 1:47; 1:46; 1:45; 1:44; 1:43; 1:42; 1:41; 1:40; 1:39; 1:38; 1:37; 1:36; 1:35; 1:34; 1:33; 1:32; 1:31; 1:30; 1:29; 1:28; 1:27; 1:26; 1:25; 1:24; 1:23; 1:22; 1:21; 1:20; 1:19; 1:18; 1:17; 1:16; 1:15; 1:14; 1:13; 1:12; 1:11; 1:10; 1: 9; 1: 8; 1: 7; 1: 6; 1: 5; 1: 4; 1: 3; 1: 2; 1: 1; 2: 1; 3: 1; 4: 1; 5: 1; 6: 1; 7: 1; 8: 1; 9: 1; 10: 1; 11: 1; 12: 1; 13: 1; 14: 1; 15: 1; 16: 1; 17: 1; 18: 1; 19: 1; 20: 1.

The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention containing the combinations of 1 and 2 are usually used in such a way that 1 and 2 together in doses of from 0.01 to 10000 µg, preferably from 0.1 to 2000 µg, particularly preferably from 1 to 1000 µg, furthermore preferred from 5 to 600 µg per single dose are included. For example, combinations of 1 and 2 according to the invention contain such an amount of 1 ' and dopamine agonist 2 that the total dosage per single dose is about 20 µg, 25 µg, 30 µg, 35 µg, 45 µg, 50 µg, 55 µg, 60 µg, 65 µg, 70 µg, 75 µg, 80 µg, 85 µg, 90 µg, 95 µg, 100 µg, 105 µg, 110 µg, 115 µg, 120 µg, 125 µg, 130 µg, 135 µg, 140 µg, 145 µg , 150 µg, 155 µg, 160 µg, 165 µg, 170 µg, 175 µg, 180 µg, 185 µg, 190 µg, 195 µg, 200 µg, 205 µg, 210 µg, 215 µg, 220 µg, 225 µg, 230 µg, 235 µg, 240 µg, 245 µg, 250 µg, 255 µg, 260 µg, 265 µg, 270 µg, 275 µg, 280 µg, 285 µg, 290 µg, 295 µg, 300 µg, 305 µg, 310 µg, 315 µg, 320 µg, 325 µg, 330 µg, 335 µg, 340 µg, 345 µg, 350 µg, 355 µg, 360 µg, 365 µg, 370 µg, 375 µg, 380 µg, 385 µg, 390 µg, 395 µg , 400 µg, 405 µg, 410 µg, 415 µg, 420 µg, 425 µg, 430 µg, 435 µg, 440 µg, 445 µg, 450 µg, 455 µg, 460 µg, 465 µg, 470 µg, 475 µg, 480 µg, 485 µg, 490 µg, 495 µ g, 500 µg, 505 µg, 510 µg, 515 µg, 520 µg or the like. The above-mentioned dosage suggestions per single dose are not to be regarded as limited to the explicitly stated numerical values, but only serve as dosage examples disclosed. Of course, dosages that fluctuate around the above numerical values in a range of approximately +/- 2.5 µg are of course also included in the presently explained values. In these dosage ranges, the active ingredients 1 ' and 2 can be contained in the weight ratios described above.

For example and without restricting the scope of the invention thereto, the combinations according to the invention of 1 and 2 can contain such an amount of 1 ' and dopamine agonist 2 that 5 µg 1' and 25 µg 2 , 5 µg 1 'and 45 per single dose µg 2 , 5 µg 1 ' and 50 µg 2 , 5 µg 1' and 100 µg 2 , 5 µg 1 ' and 200 µg 2 , 5 µg 1' and 250 µg 2 , 5 µg 1 ' and 270 µg 2 , 5 µg 1 ' and 400 µg 2 , 5 µg 1' and 495 µg 2 , 10 µg 1 ' and 25 µg 2 , 10 µg 1' and 45 µg 2 , 10 µg 1 ' and 50 µg 2 , 10 µg 1' and 100 µg 2 , 10 µg 1 ' and 200 µg 2 , 10 µg 1' and 250 µg 2 , 10 µg 1 ' and 270 µg 2 , 10 µg 1' and 400 µg 2 , 10 µg 1 ' and 495 µg 2 , 18 µg 1 ' and 25 µg 2 , 18 µg 1' and 45 µg 2 , 18 µg 1 ' and 50 µg 2 , 18 µg 1' and 100 µg 2 , 18 µg 1 ' and 200 µg 2 , 18 µg 1' and 250 µg 2 , 18 µg 1 ' and 270 µg 2 , 18 µg 1' and 400 µg 2 , 18 µg 1 ' and 495 µg 2 , 20 µg 1' and 25 µg 2 , 20 µg 1 ' and 45 µg 2 , 20 µg 1' and 50 µg 2 , 20 µg 1 ' and 100 µg 2 , 20 µg 1 ' and 200 µg 2 , 20 µg 1' and 250 µg 2 , 20 µg 1 ' and 270 µg 2 , 20 µg 1' and 400 µg 2 , 20 µg 1 ' and 495 µg 2 , 36 µg 1' and 25 µg 2 , 36 µg 1 ' and 45 µg 2 , 36 µg 1' and 50 µg 2 , 36 µg 1 ' and 100 µg 2 , 36 µg 1' and 200 µg 2 , 36 µg 1 ' and 250 µg 2 , 36 µg 1 ' and 270 µg 2 , 36 µg 1' and 400 µg 2 , 36 µg 1 ' and 495 µg 2 , 40 µg 1' and 25 µg 2 , 40 µg 1 ' and 45 µg 2 , 40 µg 1' and 50 µg 2 , 40 µg 1 ' and 100 µg 2 , 40 µg 1' and 200 µg 2 , 40 µg 1 ' and 250 µg 2 , 40 µg 1' and 270 µg 2 , 40 µg 1 ' and 400 µg 2 or 40 µg 1' and 495 µg 2 can be applied.

If the combination of active ingredients in which 1 is tiotropium bromide is used as a combination of 1 and 2 preferred according to the invention, the amounts of active ingredient of 1 ' and 2 applied per single dose above correspond to the subsequent amounts of 1 and 2 applied per single dose: 6 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 6 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 6 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 6 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 6 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 6 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 6 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 6 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 6 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 12 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 12 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 12 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 12 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 12 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 12 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 12 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 12 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 12 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 21.7 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 21 , 7 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 21.7 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 21.7 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 21.7 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 21.7 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 21 , 7 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 21.7 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 21.7 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 24.1 µg 1 un d 25 µg 2 , 24.1 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 24.1 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 24.1 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 24.1 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 24.1 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 24.1 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 24.1 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 24.1 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 43.3 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 43.3 µg 1 and 45 ug 2 , 43.3 ug 1 and 50 ug 2 , 43.3 ug 1 and 100 ug 2 , 43.3 ug 1 and 200 ug 2 , 43.3 ug 1 and 250 ug 2 , 43.3 ug 1 and 270 µg 2 , 43.3 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 43.3 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 48.1 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 48.1 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 48.1 µg 1 and 50 ug 2 , 48.1 ug 1 and 100 ug 2 , 48.1 ug 1 and 200 ug 2 , 48.1 ug 1 and 250 ug 2 , 48.1 ug 1 and 270 ug 2 , 48.1 ug 1 and 400 µg 2 , 48.1 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 .

If the combination of active ingredients in which 1 is tiotropium bromide monohydrate is used as the combination of 1 and 2 preferred according to the invention, the active ingredient amounts of 1 ' and 2 administered per single dose above correspond to the subsequent amounts of 1 and 2 administered per single dose: 6.2 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 6.2 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 6.2 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 6.2 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 6.2 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 6.2 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 6.2 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 6.2 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 6.2 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 12.5 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 12.5 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 12.5 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 12.5 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 12.5 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 12.5 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 12.5 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 12.5 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 12.5 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 22.5 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 22.5 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 22.5 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 22.5 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 22.5 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 22.5 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 22.5 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 22.5 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 22.5 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 25 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 25 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 25 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 25 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 25 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 25 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 25 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 25 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 25 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 45 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 45 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 45 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 45 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 45 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 45 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 45 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 45 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 45 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 , 50 µg 1 and 25 µg 2 , 50 µg 1 and 45 µg 2 , 50 µg 1 and 50 µg 2 , 50 µg 1 and 100 µg 2 , 50 µg 1 and 200 µg 2 , 50 µg 1 and 250 µg 2 , 50 µg 1 and 270 µg 2 , 50 µg 1 and 400 µg 2 , 50 µg 1 and 495 µg 2 .

The active compound combinations according to the invention from 1 and 2 are preferably administered by inhalation. For this purpose, components 1 and 2 must be provided in inhalable dosage forms.

Inhalable dosage forms include inhalation powders containing propellants Dosage aerosols or propellant-free inhalation solutions.

Inhalable powders according to the invention containing the combination of active substances 1 and 2 can consist solely of the active substances mentioned or of a mixture of the active substances mentioned with physiologically tolerable auxiliaries. In the context of the present invention, the term propellant-free inhalation solutions also includes concentrates or sterile, ready-to-use inhalation solutions. The dosage forms according to the invention can contain the active ingredient combination from 1 and 2 either together in one or in two separate dosage forms. These dosage forms which can be used in the context of the present invention are described in detail in the following part of the description.

A) inhalation powder containing the active ingredient combinations according to the invention from 1 and 2

The inhalable powders according to the invention can contain 1 and 2 either alone or in a mixture with suitable physiologically acceptable excipients.

If the active ingredients 1 and 2 are contained in a mixture with physiologically acceptable excipients, the following physiologically acceptable excipients can be used to prepare these inhalable powders according to the invention: monosaccharides (e.g. glucose or arabinose), disaccharides (e.g. lactose, sucrose, Maltose), oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (e.g. dextrans), polyalcohols (e.g. sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol), salts (e.g. sodium chloride, calcium carbonate) or mixtures of these additives. Mono- or disaccharides are preferably used, the use of lactose or glucose being preferred, particularly but not exclusively in the form of their hydrates. Lactose, most preferably lactose monohydrate, is used as an auxiliary as particularly preferred in the sense of the invention.

In the context of the inhalable powders according to the invention, the auxiliaries have a maximum average particle size of up to 250 μm, preferably between 10 and 150 μm, particularly preferably between 15 and 80 μm. If appropriate, it may seem sensible to add finer excipient fractions with an average particle size of 1 to 9 μm to the excipients mentioned above. The latter finer excipients are also selected from the group of excipients that can be used. Finally, to produce the inhalable powders according to the invention, micronized active ingredient 1 and 2 , preferably with an average particle size of 0.5 to 10 μm, particularly preferably 1 to 6 μm, are admixed with the excipient mixture. Processes for producing the inhalable powders according to the invention by grinding and micronizing and by finally mixing the constituents are known from the prior art. The inhalable powders according to the invention can be provided and applied either in the form of a single powder mixture which contains both 1 and 2 or in the form of separate inhalable powders which contain only 1 and 2 .

The inhalable powders according to the invention can be obtained from the prior art Technically known inhalers can be applied.  

Inhalation powders according to the invention, which in addition to 1 and 2 also contain a physiologically acceptable auxiliary, can be applied, for example, by means of inhalers which take a single dose from a supply by means of a measuring chamber, as described in US 4570630A, or via other apparatus, such as those are described in DE 36 25 685 A, meter. The inhalable powders according to the invention, which contain 1 and 2 optionally in combination with a physiologically compatible auxiliary, can be administered, for example, by means of the inhaler known under the name Turbuhaler® or with inhalers as disclosed for example in EP 237507 A. The inhalable powders according to the invention, which in addition to 1 and 2 contain physiologically acceptable excipients, are preferably filled into capsules (for so-called inhalers), which are used in inhalers as described, for example, in WO 94/28958.

An inhaler which is particularly preferred for use of the pharmaceutical combination according to the invention in inhalettes can be seen in FIG. 1.

This inhaler (Handyhaler) for the inhalation of powdered pharmaceuticals from capsules is characterized by a housing 1 , containing two windows 2 , a deck 3 , in which there are air inlet openings and which is provided with a sieve 5 attached via a sieve housing 4 , one with a deck 3 connected inhalation chamber 6 , on which a pusher 8 provided with two ground needles 7 and movable against a spring 8 is provided, as well as a mouthpiece 12 which is hinged to the housing 1 , the deck 3 and a cap 11 via an axis 10 .

If the inhalable powders according to the invention are to be filled into capsules (inhalettes) in the sense of the preferred use mentioned above, fill quantities of 1 to 30 mg, preferably 3 to 20 mg, preferably 5 to 10 mg inhalable powder per capsule are appropriate. According to the invention, these contain either together or in each case the doses per single dose already mentioned above for 1 ' and 2 .

B) propellant-gas inhalation aerosols containing the active ingredient combinations according to the invention from 1 and 2

Inhalation aerosols containing propellant gas according to the invention can contain 1 and 2 dissolved in the propellant gas or in dispersed form. Here, 1 and 2 can be contained in separate dosage forms or in a common dosage form, where 1 and 2 can either be both dissolved, both dispersed or in each case only one component dissolved and the other dispersed. The propellant gases which can be used to produce the inhalation aerosols according to the invention are known from the prior art. Suitable propellants are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons such as n-propane, n-butane or isobutane and halogenated hydrocarbons such as preferably fluorinated derivatives of methane, ethane, propane, butane, cyclopropane or cyclobutane. The above-mentioned propellant gases can be used alone or in mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred propellant gases are halogenated alkane derivatives selected from TG134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), TG227 (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane) and mixtures thereof.

The inhalation aerosols containing propellant gas according to the invention can furthermore be used Ingredients such as cosolvents, stabilizers, surfactants, Contain antioxidants, lubricants and agents for adjusting the pH. All of these components are known in the art.

The inhalation aerosols containing propellant gas according to the invention can contain up to 5% by weight of active ingredient 1 and / or 2 . Aerosols according to the invention contain, for example, 0.002 to 5% by weight, 0.01 to 3% by weight, 0.015 to 2% by weight, 0.1 to 2% by weight, 0.5 to 2% by weight or 0.5 to 1 % By weight of active ingredient 1 and / or 2 .

If the active ingredients 1 and / or 2 are in dispersed form, the active ingredient particles preferably have an average particle size of up to 10 μm, preferably from 0.1 to 5 μm, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 μm.

The above-mentioned inhalation aerosols containing propellant gas according to the invention can by means of inhalers known in the prior art (MDIs = metered dose inhalers) can be applied. Accordingly, another aspect relates to the present invention, pharmaceuticals in the form of as described above propellant-containing aerosols in connection with one or more Administration of these aerosols suitable inhalers. Furthermore, the present invention inhalers, characterized in that they protrude contain described propellant-containing aerosols according to the invention. The present invention further relates to cartridges equipped with a suitable valve can be used in a suitable inhaler and the one of the above-mentioned propellant gas-containing Inhalation aerosols included. Suitable cartridges and filling processes  this cartridge with the propellant-containing inhalation aerosols according to the invention are known from the prior art.

C) propellant-free inhalable solutions or suspensions containing the active ingredient combinations according to the invention from 1 and 2

The active compound combination according to the invention is particularly preferably applied in the form of propellant-free inhalation solutions and inhalation suspensions. Suitable solvents for this purpose are aqueous or alcoholic, preferably ethanolic, solutions. The solvent can only be water or it is a mixture of water and ethanol. The relative proportion of ethanol to water is not limited, but the maximum limit is preferably up to 70 volume percent, in particular up to 60 volume percent and particularly preferably up to 30 volume percent. The remaining volume percentages are filled up with water. The solutions and suspensions containing 1 and 2 , separately or together, are adjusted to a pH of 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 5, using suitable acids. Acids selected from inorganic or organic acids can be used to adjust this pH. Examples of particularly suitable inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid. Examples of particularly suitable organic acids are: ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and / or propionic acid and others. Preferred inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid. It is also possible to use the acids which already form an acid addition salt with one of the active ingredients. Ascorbic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid are preferred among the organic acids. If appropriate, mixtures of the acids mentioned can also be used, in particular in cases of acids which, in addition to their acidifying properties, also have other properties, for. B. as flavors, antioxidants or complexing agents, such as citric acid or ascorbic acid. According to the invention, hydrochloric acid is particularly preferably used to adjust the pH.

According to the invention, the addition of Editic acid (EDTA) or one of the known salts thereof, sodium edetate, as Stabilizer or complexing agent can be dispensed with.

Other embodiments include this connection (s).

In such a preferred embodiment, the content is based on Sodium edetate below 100 mg / 100 ml, preferably below 50 mg / ml, particularly preferably below 20 mg / ml.  

Inhalation solutions in which the content of Sodium edetate is 0 to 10 mg / 100 ml.

Co-solvents can be used in the propellant-free inhalation solutions according to the invention and / or further auxiliaries are added.

Preferred co-solvents are those that contain hydroxyl groups or other polar ones Contain groups, for example alcohols - especially isopropyl alcohol, glycols - in particular propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycol ether, Glycerol, polyoxyethylene alcohols and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters. In this context, everyone under auxiliary and additives understood pharmacologically acceptable substance that is not an active ingredient, however together with the active ingredient (s) in the pharmacologically suitable Solvent can be formulated to match the qualitative properties of the Improve drug formulation. These substances preferably develop none or in the Context with the desired therapy no significant or at least none undesirable pharmacological effects. Auxiliaries and additives include z. B. surfactants such. B. soy lecithin, oleic acid, sorbitan esters, such as Polysorbates, polyvinylpyrrolidone other stabilizers, complexing agents, Antioxidants and / or preservatives that affect the life of the ensure or extend finished pharmaceutical formulation, flavorings, Vitamins and / or other additives known in the art. To the Additives also include pharmacologically acceptable salts such as Sodium chloride as isotonic.

The preferred auxiliaries include antioxidants, for example Ascorbic acid, if not already used to adjust the pH, Vitamin A, Vitamin E, tocopherols and the like in the human organism occurring vitamins or provitamins.

Preservatives can be used to pre-formulate Protect contamination with germs. The are suitable as preservatives known in the art, especially cetylpyridinium chloride, Benzalkonium chloride or benzoic acid or benzoates such as sodium benzoate in the concentration known from the prior art. The above Preservatives are preferably in concentrations of up to 50 mg / 100 ml, contain particularly preferably between 5 and 20 mg / 100 ml.

In addition to the solvent water and the combination of active ingredients 1 and 2, preferred formulations only contain benzalkonium chloride and sodium edetate. In another preferred embodiment, sodium edetate is dispensed with.

For the application of the propellant-free inhalation solutions according to the invention especially those inhalers that contain a small amount of a liquid formulation of the therapeutically necessary dosage within a few seconds can nebulize aerosol that is therapeutically suitable for inhalation. As part of the In the present invention, those nebulisers are preferred in which one Amount less than 100 µL, preferably less than 50 µL, particularly preferred between 10 and 30 µL of active ingredient solution, preferably with a stroke to an aerosol with an average particle size of less than 20 microns, preferred less than 10 microns, can be atomized so that the inhalable portion of the Aerosols already correspond to the therapeutically effective amount.

Such a device for propellant-free administration of a metered amount of a liquid medicament for inhalation use is described in detail, for example, in international patent application WO 91/14468 and also in WO 97/12687 (there in particular FIGS . 6a and 6b). The nebulizers described there are also known under the name Respimat®.

This nebulizer (Respimat®) can advantageously be used to produce the inhalable aerosols according to the invention containing the active ingredient combination from 1 and 2 . Due to its cylinder-like shape and a handy size of less than 9 to 15 cm in length and 2 to 4 cm in width, this device can be carried by the patient at any time. The nebulizer sprays a defined volume of the drug formulation using high pressures through small nozzles, so that inhalable aerosols are produced.

Essentially, the preferred atomizer consists of an upper housing part, a pump housing, a nozzle, a locking mechanism, a spring housing, a spring and a storage container, characterized by

• - A pump housing, which is fixed in the housing upper part, and the at one end a nozzle body with the nozzle or nozzle arrangement wearing,
• A hollow piston with valve body,
• - An output flange in which the hollow piston is attached, and which is in Housing upper part is located,
• - a locking mechanism, which is located in the upper part of the housing,
• - A spring housing with the spring inside, on the upper part of the housing is rotatably supported by means of a pivot bearing,
• - A lower housing part, which is on the spring housing in the axial direction  is attached.

The hollow piston with valve body corresponds to a device disclosed in WO 97/12687. It projects partially into the cylinder of the pump housing and is arranged axially displaceably in the cylinder. In particular, reference is made to FIGS. 1-4 - in particular FIG. 3 - and the associated parts of the description. The hollow piston with valve body exerts a pressure of 5 to 60 Mpa (about 50 to 600 bar), preferably 10 to 60 Mpa (about 100 to 600 bar) on the fluid, the measured active ingredient solution on its high pressure side at the time the spring is triggered. Volumes of 10 to 50 microliters are preferred, volumes of 10 to 20 microliters are particularly preferred, and a volume of 15 microliters per stroke is very particularly preferred.

The valve body is preferably attached to the end of the hollow piston that the Nozzle body is facing.

The nozzle in the nozzle body is preferably microstructured, that is to say manufactured by micro technology. Microstructured nozzle bodies are disclosed, for example, in WO-94/07607; reference is hereby made to this document, in particular to FIG. 1 and its description disclosed therein.

The nozzle body consists, for. B. from two firmly connected plates Glass and / or silicon, of which at least one plate has one or more has microstructured channels that the nozzle inlet side with the Connect the nozzle outlet side. There is at least one round one on the nozzle outlet side or non-circular opening 2 to 10 microns deep and 5 to 15 microns deep Width, the depth preferably at 4.5 to 6.5 micrometers and the length at 7 is up to 9 micrometers.

In the case of several nozzle openings, preferably two, the Jet directions of the nozzles in the nozzle body run parallel to each other or they are inclined towards each other in the direction of the nozzle opening. With a nozzle body with At least two nozzle openings on the outlet side can control the jet directions be inclined towards each other at an angle of 20 degrees to 160 degrees, preferably becomes an angle of 60 to 150 degrees, particularly preferably 80 to 100 °.

The nozzle openings are preferably at a distance of 10 to 200 micrometers arranged, more preferably at a distance of 10 to 100 microns, particularly preferably 30 to 70 micrometers. Most preferred are 50 Micrometers.

Accordingly, the beam directions meet in the vicinity of the Nozzle openings.  

The liquid pharmaceutical preparation hits with an inlet pressure of up to 600 bar, preferably 200 to 300 bar on the nozzle body and is over the Atomized nozzle openings in an inhalable aerosol. The preferred particle or droplet sizes of the aerosol are up to 20 micrometers, preferably 3 up to 10 micrometers.

The locking mechanism contains a spring, preferably a cylindrical one helical compression spring, as storage for the mechanical energy. The feather acts on the output flange as a jump piece, its movement through the position a locking member is determined. The path of the output flange is indicated by a upper and a lower stop precisely limited. The spring is preferred over a power transmission gear, e.g. B. a screw-type gearbox, by an external Torque excited when turning the upper housing part against the Spring housing is generated in the lower part of the housing. In this case, include that Upper part of the housing and the output flange of a single or multi-speed wedge gear.

The locking member with engaging locking surfaces is ring-shaped around the output flange arranged. There is e.g. B. from a radially elastically deformable ring made of plastic or metal. The ring is perpendicular to the plane Atomizer axis arranged. After tensioning the spring, they slide Locking surfaces of the locking member in the way of the output flange and prevent relaxing the spring. The locking element is triggered by a button. The Trigger button is connected or coupled to the locking member. To trigger the Locking mechanism, the release button parallel to the ring plane is preferred into the atomizer, shifted; the deformable ring in the Ring plane deformed. Structural details of the locking mechanism are in WO 97/20590 described.

The lower part of the housing is pushed over the spring housing in the axial direction and covers the storage, the drive of the spindle and the storage container for the Fluid.

When the atomizer is actuated, the upper housing part is against the Lower housing part rotated, the lower housing part taking the spring housing with it. The spring is compressed via the screw-type thrust gear excited, and the barrier engages automatically. The angle of rotation is preferably a integer fraction of 360 degrees, e.g. B. 180 degrees. Simultaneously with tensioning the spring becomes the driven part in the upper part of the housing by a predetermined path  moved, the hollow piston is inside the cylinder in the pump housing withdrawn, causing a subset of the fluid from the reservoir into the High pressure space is sucked in before the nozzle.

If necessary, several can be added to the atomizer one after the other interchangeable reservoir containing atomizing fluid inserted and to be used. The storage container contains the aqueous one according to the invention Aerosol formulation.

The atomization process is done by gently pressing the trigger button initiated. The barrage clears the way for the stripping section. The tensioned spring pushes the piston into the cylinder of the pump housing. The fluid exits the atomizer nozzle in atomized form.

Further design details are in PCT applications WO 97/12683 and WO 97/20590 , to which reference is hereby made.

The components of the atomizer (nebulizer) are of one function according to suitable material. The housing of the atomizer and - as far as it is the function allows - other parts are preferably made of plastic, e.g. B. in Injection molding process. For medical purposes, be physiological harmless materials used.

In this patent application accompanying Fig. 2a / b, are the same as the Fig. 6a / b of WO 97/12687, show the nebuliser (Respimat®) is described with which the aqueous aerosol preparations according to the invention can advantageously be inhaled.

Fig. 2a shows a longitudinal section through the atomiser with the spring biased while FIG. 2b shows a longitudinal section through the atomiser with the spring relaxed.

The upper housing part ( 51 ) contains the pump housing ( 52 ), at the end of which the holder ( 53 ) for the atomizing nozzle is attached. The nozzle body ( 54 ) and a filter ( 55 ) are located in the holder. The hollow piston ( 57 ) fastened in the output flange ( 56 ) of the locking tensioning mechanism partially protrudes into the cylinder of the pump housing. The hollow piston carries the valve body ( 58 ) at its end. The hollow piston is sealed by means of the seal ( 59 ). Inside the upper part of the housing is the stop ( 60 ), against which the output flange rests when the spring is relaxed. The stop ( 61 ) is located on the output flange, against which the output flange rests when the spring is tensioned. After tensioning the spring, the locking member ( 62 ) slides between the stop ( 61 ) and a support ( 63 ) in the upper part of the housing. The release button ( 64 ) is connected to the locking member. The upper housing part ends in the mouthpiece ( 65 ) and is closed with the clip-on protective cap ( 66 ).

The spring housing ( 67 ) with compression spring ( 68 ) is rotatably mounted on the upper part of the housing by means of the snap lugs ( 69 ) and rotary bearings. The lower housing part ( 70 ) is pushed over the spring housing. The replaceable reservoir ( 71 ) for the fluid ( 72 ) to be atomized is located within the spring housing. The storage container is closed with the stopper ( 73 ) through which the hollow piston protrudes into the storage container and with its end is immersed in the fluid (supply of active substance solution).

The spindle ( 74 ) for the mechanical counter is mounted in the outer surface of the spring housing. The drive pinion ( 75 ) is located at the end of the spindle which faces the upper housing part. The rider ( 76 ) sits on the spindle.

The nebulizer described above is suitable, the invention Nebulize aerosol preparations into an aerosol suitable for inhalation.

If the formulation according to the invention by means of the above Technology (Respimat®), the applied mass should be at least 97%, preferably at least 98% of all actuations of the inhaler (hub) of a defined one Quantity with a tolerance range of at most 25%, preferably 20% of this quantity correspond. Between 5 and 30 mg of formulation as are preferred per stroke Defined mass applied, particularly preferably between 5 and 20 mg.

However, the formulation according to the invention can also be used by means other than that Inhalers described above, for example jet stream inhalers or other stationary nebulizers.

Accordingly, a further aspect of the present invention relates to medicaments in the form of propellant-free inhalable solutions or suspensions as described above in connection with a device suitable for the administration of these formulations, preferably in connection with the Respimat®. The present invention preferably aims at propellant-free inhalation solutions or suspensions characterized by the combination of active substances 1 and 2 according to the invention in conjunction with the device known under the name Respimat®. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the above-mentioned devices for inhalation, preferably the Respimat®, characterized in that they contain propellant-free inhalable solutions or suspensions according to the invention described above.

Inhalation solutions which contain the active ingredients 1 and 2 in a single administration form are preferred according to the invention. A dosage form is also understood to be dosage forms which contain the two components 1 and 2 in two-chamber cartridges, as are disclosed, for example, by WO 00/23037. At this point, full reference is made to these.

The propellant-free inhalation solutions or suspensions according to the invention can be used in addition to the above, intended for application in the Respimat Solutions and suspensions also as concentrates or sterile ready-to-use Inhalation solutions or suspensions are available. Let out of the concentrates for example by adding isotonic saline solutions Generate ready-to-use formulations. Sterile ready to use Formulations can be made using energy-powered stand or portable Nebulizers that inhale aerosols using ultrasound or compressed air after the Generate the Venturi principle or other principles.

Accordingly, another aspect of the present invention relates Medicines in the form of propellant-free as described above Inhaled solutions or suspensions, as concentrates or sterile ready-to-use formulations are available in conjunction with a Administration of these solutions suitable device, characterized in that this device is an energy-operated stand or portable nebulizer, the inhalable aerosols using ultrasound or Compressed air generated according to the Venturi principle or other principles. The following examples serve to further explain the present Invention, but without the scope of the invention to the following to limit exemplary embodiments.

raw materials tiotropium

The tiotropium bromide used in the formulation examples below can be as described in European patent application EP 418 716 A1, be preserved.  

Crystalline can also be used to produce the inhalable powders according to the invention Tiotropium bromide monohydrate can be used. This crystalline Tiotropium bromide monohydrate is as described below Procedure available.

In a suitable reaction vessel, 15.0 kg of tiotropium bromide are introduced into 25.7 kg of water. The mixture is heated to 80-90 ° C and stirred at a constant temperature until a clear solution is formed. Activated carbon (0.8 kg), moist with water, is slurried in 4.4 kg of water, this mixture is added to the solution containing tiotropium bromide and rinsed with 4.3 kg of water. The mixture thus obtained is stirred at 80-90 ° C. for at least 15 minutes and then filtered through a heated filter into an apparatus preheated to a jacket temperature of 70 ° C. The filter is rinsed with 8.6 kg of water. The contents of the apparatus are cooled to 3-5 ° C per 20 minutes to a temperature of 20-25 ° C. With cold water cooling, the apparatus is cooled further to 10-15 ° C and the crystallization is completed by stirring for at least one hour. The crystals are isolated using a suction filter, the isolated crystal slurry is washed with 9 L of cold water (10-15 ° C) and cold acetone (10-15 ° C). The crystals obtained are dried at 25 ° C. for 2 hours in a stream of nitrogen.
Yield: 13.4 kg tiotropium bromide monohydrate (86% of theory)

The crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate obtained in this way is known Process micronized to the active ingredient in the form of the average particle size to provide, which corresponds to the specifications of the invention.

formulation Examples

A) Inhalable powder

B) Inhalation aerosols containing propellant gas

1) Suspension aerosol

2) Suspension aerosol

3) Suspension aerosol

4) Suspension aerosol

Claims (35)

1. Medicament characterized by a content of one or more anticholinergics ( 1 ) in combination with one or more dopamine agonists ( 2 ), optionally in the form of their enantiomers, mixtures of the enantiomers or in the form of the racemates, optionally in the form of the solvates or hydrates and optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 2. Medicament according to claim 1, characterized in that the active ingredients 1 and 2 are either contained together in a single dosage form or in two separate dosage forms. 3. Medicament according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that 1 is selected from the group consisting of tiotropium salts, oxitropium salts or ipratropium salts. 4. Medicament according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that 1 is contained in the form of the chloride, bromide, iodide, methanesulfonate or para-toluenesulfonate, preferably in the form of the bromide. 5. Medicament according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that 2 is selected from the group consisting of bromocriptine, cabergoline, alpha-dihydroergocryptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole, roxindole, ropinirole, terguride, talipexole and the 7- (2nd -Aminoethyl) - benzothiazolones, of the general formula 3
wherein
X and Y are the same or different -S (O) _n - or -O-;
n 0, 1 or 2;
p, q and r are the same or different 2 or 3;
Z phenyl, which can optionally be substituted by a radical selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR ¹ , NO ₂ or NR ² R ³ , or a 5 or 6-membered N, O or S-containing heterocycle;
R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are the} same or different hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl,
mean. 6. Medicament according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that 2 is selected from the group consisting of bromocriptine, cabergoline, alpha-dihydroergocryptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole, roxindole, ropinirole, terguride, talipexole and viozan. 7. Medicament according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the weight ratios of 1 to 2 are in a range from 1: 300 to 50: 1, preferably from 1: 250 to 40: 1. 8. Medicament according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a single application corresponds to a dosage of the active ingredient combination 1 and 2 from 0.01 to 10000 µg, preferably from 0.1 to 2000 µg. 9. Medicament according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that it is in the form of a dosage form suitable for inhalation. 10. Medicament according to claim 9, characterized in that it is a Dosage form selected from the group inhalation powder, metered aerosols containing propellant gas and inhalation solutions free of propellant gas or -suspensions. 11. Medicament according to claim 10, characterized in that it is an inhalation powder which 1 and 2 in admixture with suitable physiologically acceptable auxiliaries selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligo- and polysaccharides, polyalcohols, salts, or mixtures of these auxiliaries contains with each other. 12. inhalation powder according to claim 11, characterized in that the Excipient a maximum average particle size of up to 250 microns, preferably has between 10 and 150 microns.   13. Capsules characterized by a content of inhalable powder after Claim 11 or 12. 14. Medicament according to claim 10, characterized in that it is an inhalation powder which contains only active ingredients 1 and 2 as components. 15. Medicament according to claim 10, characterized in that it is a propellant-containing inhalation aerosol which contains 1 and 2 in dissolved or dispersed form. 16. propellant inhalation aerosol according to claim 15, characterized characterized in that it contains hydrocarbons such as n-propane, n- Butane or isobutane or halogenated hydrocarbons as preferred fluorinated derivatives of methane, ethane, propane, butane, cyclopropane or contains cyclobutane. 17. propellant-containing inhalation aerosol according to claim 16, characterized characterized in that the propellant gas TG134a, TG227 or a mixture thereof represents. 18. propellant gas inhalation aerosol according to claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized characterized in that there may be one or more others Components selected from the group consisting of cosolvents, Stabilizers, surfactants, antioxidants, Contains lubricants and means for adjusting the pH. 19. propellant gas inhalation aerosol according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it can contain up to 5% by weight of active ingredient 1 and / or 2 . 20. Medicament according to claim 10, characterized in that it is a propellant-free inhalation solution or suspension that acts as Solvent water, ethanol or a mixture of water and ethanol contains. 21. inhalation solution or suspension according to claim 20, characterized characterized in that the pH is 2-7, preferably 2-5.   22. inhalation solution or suspension according to claim 21, characterized characterized in that the pH is selected from the group by means of an acid consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, Maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and Propionic acid or mixtures thereof. 23. inhalation solution or suspension according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that they optionally further co-solvents and / or contains auxiliaries. 24. inhalation solution or suspension according to claim 23, characterized characterized in that it contains components as co-solvents which Contain hydroxyl groups or other polar groups, for example Alcohols - especially isopropyl alcohol, glycols - especially Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycol ether, glycerol, Polyoxyethylene alcohols and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters. 25. inhalation solution or suspension according to one of claims 23 or 24, characterized in that they are surface-active substances as auxiliaries Stabilizers, complexing agents, antioxidants and / or Preservatives, flavors, pharmacologically harmless Contains salts and / or vitamins. 26. inhalation solution or suspension according to claim 25, characterized characterized in that they actedic acid as a complexing agent or a salt of Editic acid, preferably sodium edetate, contains. 27. inhalation solution or suspension according to claim 25 or 26, characterized marked that they are selected as antioxidants, compounds the group consisting of ascorbic acid, vitamin A, vitamin E and Contains tocopherols. 28. inhalation solution or suspension according to claim 25, 26 or 27, characterized characterized in that they selected compounds as preservatives from cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzoic acid and Contains benzoates.   29. inhalation solution or suspension according to any one of claims 23 to 28, characterized in that it contains besides the active ingredients 1 and 2 and the solvent only bezalkonium chloride and sodium edetate. 30. inhalation solution or suspension according to any one of claims 23 to 28, characterized in that it contains only benzalkonium chloride in addition to the active ingredients 1 and 2 and the solvent. 31. inhalation solution or suspension according to any one of claims 20 to 30, characterized in that it is a concentrate or a sterile ready-to-use inhalation solution or suspension. 32. Use of a capsule according to claim 13 in an inhaler, preferred in the handy holder. 33. Use of an inhalation solution according to one of claims 20 to 30 for nebulization in an inhaler according to WO 91/14468 or an inhaler as described in FIGS . 6a and 6b of WO 97/12687. 34. Use of an inhalation solution according to claim 31 for nebulization in an energy-operated standing or portable nebulizer that inhalable aerosols using ultrasound or compressed air after Venturi principle or other principles generated. 35. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 31 for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive respiratory diseases.