DE10061607A1 - Furnace operation involves using catalysts to prevent unwanted recombinations of molecular and atomic units at start and during cooling - Google Patents

Furnace operation involves using catalysts to prevent unwanted recombinations of molecular and atomic units at start and during cooling

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Publication number
DE10061607A1
DE10061607A1 DE2000161607 DE10061607A DE10061607A1 DE 10061607 A1 DE10061607 A1 DE 10061607A1 DE 2000161607 DE2000161607 DE 2000161607 DE 10061607 A DE10061607 A DE 10061607A DE 10061607 A1 DE10061607 A1 DE 10061607A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
furnace
molecular
catalysts
catalytic
atomic units
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE2000161607
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German (de)
Inventor
Udo Hellwig
Michael Goebel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH
Original Assignee
Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH filed Critical Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH
Priority to DE2000161607 priority Critical patent/DE10061607A1/en
Publication of DE10061607A1 publication Critical patent/DE10061607A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F23C13/08—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by the catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05004—Special materials for walls or lining

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Process for operating a furnace involves decomposing the starting materials in the furnace into molecular and atomic units by raising the temperature; inserting catalysts to prevent unwanted recombinations of the molecular and atomic units at the start and during cooling; suppressing the formation of pollutants; obtaining pollutant-free useful materials; and concentrating the fluidized solid catalysts. Process for operating a furnace involves forming functional elements of the furnace with catalytic properties; producing a temperature in the firing chamber of 850-4000 deg C; decomposing the starting materials in the furnace into molecular and atomic units by raising the temperature; inserting catalysts to prevent unwanted recombinations of the molecular and atomic units at the start and during cooling; adding materials and material compounds to suppress the formation of pollutants in combination with the catalytic heterogeneous cooling; concentrating the progressions of material transformation from the catalytic and non-catalytic cooling to obtain pollutant-free useful materials; and concentrating the fluidized solid catalysts. Preferred Features: Energy fed to the firing chamber of the furnace is prepared by combustion and gasification. The material used for lining and forming the furnace is made from ceramic material or ceramic compounds. Ozone, urea and methane are used to convert nitrogen oxides. Basic materials are fed into the firing chamber to neutralize acids and acid residues.

Description

Die Erfindung ist entsprechend dem Gattungsbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 2 ausgebildet und weist in ihrer Verfahrensdurchführung folgende Schwerpunkte auf:
The invention is designed in accordance with the generic concept of claims 1 and 2 and has the following focal points in its implementation of the method:

  • - Zerlegung von Ausgangsmaterial infolge der Entbindung latenter Energie (Verbrennung, Vergasung, Dissoziation bis hin zur Plasmabildung) mittels entsprechender Systeme, ausgebildet als Gas- und Flüssigkeitsbrenner sowie Gaserzeuger, die auf der Grundlage exothermer Reaktoren arbeiten.- Decomposition of raw material due to the release of latent energy (Combustion, gasification, dissociation up to plasma formation) by means of corresponding systems, designed as gas and liquid burners and Gas generators that work on the basis of exothermic reactors.
  • - Heterogen katalytische Abkühlung zur Vermeidung der Rekombination von Schadstoffen in Form von Dioxiden, Stickoxiden, Schwefeloxiden und anderen Schadstoffen.- Heterogeneous catalytic cooling to avoid recombination of Pollutants in the form of dioxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and others Pollutants.
  • - Abkühlung über die Zugabe schadstoffunterdrückender Hilfsstoffe, wie z. B. Ozon, Harnstoff und Methan, zur Stickoxidvermeidung sowie basischer Stoffe zur Neutralisierung von Säuren und Säureresten.- Cooling down by the addition of pollutant-suppressing auxiliaries, such as. B. ozone, Urea and methane, to avoid nitrogen oxide and basic substances for Neutralization of acids and acid residues.
  • - Abgestimmte Kombination einer heterogen katalytischen Abkühlung mit der über die zugeführten Hilfsstoffe initiierten Reaktionen.- Coordinated combination of heterogeneous catalytic cooling with that of the supplied excipients initiated reactions.
  • - Gezielter Ablauf katalytischer und nichtkatalytischer Abkühlung zur Gewinnung von Nutzstoffen, beispielsweise der Einführung von chemischen Synthesen, wie eines Fischer-Tropsch-Mechanismus, in der Auswahl für die Herstellung von Methanol aus einem Vergasungsprodukt der Kohle.- Targeted sequence of catalytic and non-catalytic cooling to obtain Useful materials, for example the introduction of chemical syntheses, such as one Fischer-Tropsch mechanism, in the selection for the production of methanol a gasification product of coal.
  • - Einsatz der Homogenkatalyse für die Zurückgewinnung katalytisch wirkender Fluide.- Use of homogeneous catalysis for the recovery of catalytically active fluids.

Die Erfindung weist den Vorteil auf, dass bei der Verbrennung im Feuerraum gasförmige, flüssige oder feste Medien eingesetzt werden, die soweit: zu erhitzen sind, dass ihre Molekularstruktur in einem Verbrennungsprozess mit hohen Temperaturen aufgebrochen und verändert werden, wobei die durch ein anderes Medium in flüssiger oder überhitzter Form gekühlten Feuerraumwände die Möglichkeit eröffnen, die Verbrennungstemperatur in die zur Umwandlung der Molekularstruktur gewünschten Temperaturbereiche zu erhöhen und weiterhin durch Beigabe von geeigneten Zusatzstoffen die Molekularstruktur des zu verbrennenden Mediums so zu verändern, dass sein Endprodukt in seiner endgültigen, in die Umwelt gelangende Molekularstruktur keine gesundheits- oder umweltgefährdenden Produkte mehr enthält.The invention has the advantage that gaseous, liquid or solid media are used, which are: to be heated so that their Molecular structure broken down in a high temperature combustion process and be changed, being by another medium in liquid or superheated Form cooled firebox walls open up the possibility of the combustion temperature into the temperature ranges required for converting the molecular structure  increase the molecular structure by adding suitable additives of the medium to be burned so that its end product is in its final molecular structure entering the environment no health or environmentally hazardous products contains more.

Das Verfahren kann beispielsweise mit folgenden Einrichtungen durchgeführt werden:
In einer Feuerungsanlage werden die Rostsysteme, Fließbettfeuerungen und Feststoff­ vergaser sowie ausgewählte Rohre und Rohrwände aus keramischen Materialien und deren Verbindungen hergestellt. Die ausgewählten Rostsysteme erhalten, die Erfindung ausgestaltend, keramische Platten, die den hohen Temperaturen der Verbrennungsluft und der Kühlmedien standhalten, und korrosionsresistent sind. Fließbettfeuerungen sollen so bemessen sein, dass sie mit geringer Fluidisierungsluft auskommen und bei hohen Betttemperaturen des Feuerraumes ohne Verschleiß arbeiten können. Weiterhin bestehen Boden und Düsen aus keramischem Material. Einzusetzende Feststoffvergaser werden aus keramischen Bauelementen gefertigt, die thermisch stark belastbar sind.The method can be carried out, for example, with the following devices:
The grate systems, fluidized bed combustion and solid carburettors as well as selected pipes and pipe walls are made from ceramic materials and their connections in a furnace. The selected grate systems, embodying the invention, are given ceramic plates which can withstand the high temperatures of the combustion air and the cooling media and are corrosion-resistant. Fluid bed furnaces should be dimensioned in such a way that they manage with low fluidization air and can work without wear at high bed temperatures in the combustion chamber. Furthermore, the floor and nozzles are made of ceramic material. Solid carburettors to be used are made of ceramic components that can withstand high thermal loads.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt den kontinuierlichen Betrieb von Feuerungsanlagen, insbesondere Kesseln und Großkesseln, mit stöchiometrischen Verbrennungsreaktionen in sehr hohen Temperaturbereichen, in denen die Ausgangsstoffe in ihre molekularen, atomaren Einheiten aufgebrochen, gelenkt zu neuen Stoffverbindungen reagieren, dadurch von Schadstoffen befreit bzw. durch Umbildung schadstofffrei gestaltet werden. Der erfindungsgemäße Verlauf wird dadurch erreicht, dass die großen Temperaturerhöhungen in Bereiche gebracht werden, in denen herkömmliche Materialien, z. B. Metalle, nicht zur Anwendung gelangen können. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung sieht deshalb den Einsatz keramischer Werkstoffe und deren Verbindungen für alle auszuwählenden Elemente der Feuerungsanlagen, z. B. Kessel oder Großkessel, vor.The method according to the invention allows the continuous operation of Firing systems, especially boilers and large boilers, with stoichiometric Combustion reactions in very high temperature ranges, in which the Starting materials broken down into their molecular, atomic units, directed to new ones Compounds react, thereby freeing them from pollutants or by reorganization be designed free of harmful substances. The course of the invention is achieved by that the large temperature increases are brought to areas where conventional materials, e.g. B. metals can not be used. The The solution according to the invention therefore sees the use of ceramic materials and their Connections for all elements of the combustion systems to be selected, e.g. B. boiler or Cauldron, before.

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zum schadstoffmindernden Betreiben einer Feuerungsanlage mit einem Feuerraum, in der durch eine Temperaturerhöhung die darin befindlichen Stoffe und Stoffverbindungen aufgespalten, dabei bis in ihre atomaren Einheiten zurückgeführt und danach durch katalytisch beeinflusste Reaktionen in schadstoffarme Verbindungen umgebildet werden.1. Procedure for the pollution-reducing operation of a furnace with a Combustion chamber in which the substances and Compounds split up, thereby being returned to their atomic units and then by catalytically influenced reactions in low-pollutants Connections are reshaped. 2. Verfahren zum schadstoffmindernden Betreiben eines eine Feuerungsanlage nach Anspruch 1 aufweisenden Kessels, vorzugsweise Großkessels, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:
  • a) Ausbilden von Funktionselementen der Feuerungsanlage und der Kesselrohre aus hochtemperaturbeständigen und korrosionsresistenten Materialien mit katalytischen Eigenschaften.
  • b) Herstellen einer Temperatur im Feuerraum in einem Temperaturbereich von 850 bis 4000°C.
  • c) Zerlegen der in der Feuerungsanlage befindlichen Ausgangsmaterialien durch Temperaturerhöhung mittels Einwirken der dabei vorhandenen Wärme in molekulare und atomare Einheiten.
  • d) Einführung von Katalysatoren zum Verhindern von unerwünschten Rekombinationen der molekularen und atomaren Einheiten beim Beginn und im Verlauf der Abkühlung.
  • e) Zugabe von Stoffen und Stoffverbindungen zur Unterdrückung der Schadstoffbildung in Kombination mit der katalytisch-heterogenen Abkühlung.
  • f) Zusammenführen von Verläufen der Stoffumbildung aus der katalytischen und der nichtkatalytischen Abkühlung zum Gewinnen von schadstofffreien Nutzstoffen.
  • g) Zusammenführen fluidisierter Feststoffkatalysatoren.
2. A method for the pollution-reducing operation of a boiler having a furnace according to claim 1, preferably a large boiler, with the following process steps:
  • a) Forming functional elements of the firing system and the boiler tubes from high temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials with catalytic properties.
  • b) Establishing a temperature in the combustion chamber in a temperature range from 850 to 4000 ° C.
  • c) Disassembly of the starting materials in the furnace by increasing the temperature by the action of the heat present in molecular and atomic units.
  • d) Introduction of catalysts to prevent undesirable recombinations of the molecular and atomic units at the beginning and in the course of cooling.
  • e) addition of substances and substance combinations to suppress pollutant formation in combination with the catalytic heterogeneous cooling.
  • f) Merging courses of material transformation from catalytic and non-catalytic cooling to obtain pollutant-free useful materials.
  • g) Merging fluidized solid catalysts.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dem Feuerraum der Feuerungsanlage zuzuführende Energie durch Verbrennung und Vergasung bereitgestellt wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the the combustion chamber Firing system energy to be supplied by combustion and gasification provided. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zur Auskleidung und Ausbildung der Funktionselemente der Feuerungsanlage verwendete Material aus keramischen Massen oder Keramikverbindungen gebildet wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining and Training of the functional elements of the furnace used material ceramic masses or ceramic compounds is formed. 5. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die keramischen Materialien als heterogene Katalysatoren zur Anwendung gelangen.5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ceramic materials are used as heterogeneous catalysts. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als schadstoff­ mindernde Stoffe Ozon, Harnstoffe und Methan für die Umwandlung von Stickoxiden eingesetzt werden.6. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that as a pollutant reducing substances ozone, urea and methane for the conversion of nitrogen oxides be used. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Neutralisation von Säuren und Säureresten basische Stoffe in den Feuerraum eingeführt werden.7. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that for neutralization of acids and acid residues, basic substances are introduced into the combustion chamber. 8. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1; 2 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die keramischen Materialien in Form von Beschichtungen der Funktionselemente des Feuerraumes verwendet werden.8. The method according to claims 1; 2 and 4, characterized in that the ceramic materials in the form of coatings of the functional elements of the Firebox are used. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die heterogene Katalyse Beschichtungen der Elemente der Feuerungsanlage sowie des Kessels als Cladden in Form von Nickelbasisverbindungen aufgebracht werden. 9. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that for the heterogeneous Catalysis coatings of the elements of the furnace as well as the boiler Cladden can be applied in the form of nickel-based compounds.   10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und einem oder mehreren der darauf folgenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reaktionen zum schadstoffmindernden Betreiben der Anlage kontinuierlich verlaufen.10. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the following Claims, characterized in that the reactions to reduce pollutants Operate the system continuously. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und einem oder mehreren der darauf folgenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reaktionen zum schadstofffmindernden Betreiben der Anlage diskontinuierlich verlaufen.11. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the following Claims, characterized in that the reactions to reduce pollutants Operation of the plant run discontinuously. 12. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und einem oder mehreren der darauf folgenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Durchführung des Verfahrens Elemente der Feuerungsanlage, bestehend aus Rostsystemen, Fließbettfeuerungen und Feststoffvergasern und ausgewählten Rohren sowie Rohrwänden, die aus keramischen Massen bestehen oder damit beschichtet, ausgebildet sind.12. The method according to claims 1 and one or more of the following Claims, characterized in that for the implementation of the method Elements of the furnace, consisting of grate systems, fluid bed furnaces and Solid gasifiers and selected pipes as well as pipe walls made of ceramic Masses exist or are coated with them.
DE2000161607 2000-12-11 2000-12-11 Furnace operation involves using catalysts to prevent unwanted recombinations of molecular and atomic units at start and during cooling Ceased DE10061607A1 (en)

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DE2000161607 DE10061607A1 (en) 2000-12-11 2000-12-11 Furnace operation involves using catalysts to prevent unwanted recombinations of molecular and atomic units at start and during cooling

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DE2000161607 DE10061607A1 (en) 2000-12-11 2000-12-11 Furnace operation involves using catalysts to prevent unwanted recombinations of molecular and atomic units at start and during cooling

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9234149B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2016-01-12 Greatpoint Energy, Inc. Steam generating slurry gasifier for the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock
US10464872B1 (en) 2018-07-31 2019-11-05 Greatpoint Energy, Inc. Catalytic gasification to produce methanol
US10618818B1 (en) 2019-03-22 2020-04-14 Sure Champion Investment Limited Catalytic gasification to produce ammonia and urea

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9234149B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2016-01-12 Greatpoint Energy, Inc. Steam generating slurry gasifier for the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock
US10464872B1 (en) 2018-07-31 2019-11-05 Greatpoint Energy, Inc. Catalytic gasification to produce methanol
US10618818B1 (en) 2019-03-22 2020-04-14 Sure Champion Investment Limited Catalytic gasification to produce ammonia and urea

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Owner name: ERK ECKROHRKESSEL GMBH, 10963 BERLIN, DE

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