DE10045460A1 - Improvement in resolution of sequencing problems, in addition to solution process useful in gene research, comprises application of correlation functions - Google Patents

Improvement in resolution of sequencing problems, in addition to solution process useful in gene research, comprises application of correlation functions

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Publication number
DE10045460A1
DE10045460A1 DE2000145460 DE10045460A DE10045460A1 DE 10045460 A1 DE10045460 A1 DE 10045460A1 DE 2000145460 DE2000145460 DE 2000145460 DE 10045460 A DE10045460 A DE 10045460A DE 10045460 A1 DE10045460 A1 DE 10045460A1
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correlation functions
functions
addition
solution process
resolution
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DE2000145460
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German (de)
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Ingo Morgenstern
Nicolas Sourlas
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"

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Abstract

In addition to the solution process itself, correlation functions are applied. Preferred features: As additional solution processes, stochastic, physical and genetic optimizations are applied. Heuristic algorithms are applied for open Traveling Salesman Problems. The correlation functions are processed in the form of penalty functions. Weighting of the penalty functions is achieved with the help of corresponding susceptibilities. In the case of sequence formation in gene research, correlations are only applied between objects existing on various sections.

Description

Sequenzieungs- oder Reihenfolgeprobleme treten sowohl in der Wirtschaft als auch in der Wissenschaft sehr häufig auf und sind teilweise von großer kommer­ zieller Bedeutung. Als Beispiele seien hier nur Produktionslinien etwa in der Au­ toindustrie und die Entzifferung genetischer Codes genannt. Im ersten Fall geht es darum, die Reihenfolge der nacheinander zu bauenden Autos etwa auf dem Montageband festzulegen. Dies geschieht in der Praxis durch eine Ansammlung von Regeln, die zu einer Kostenfunktion für das verwendete Optimierungsver­ fahren verarbeitet wird. In der Regel kommt es dabei zu der Schwierigkeit, daß die gefundenen Lösungen nicht den Vorstellungen der Praktiker entsprechen, die die Regeln erarbeitet haben. Eine weitaus bessere Anpassung der Lösungen läßt sich dadurch erzielen, daß zu den vorhandenen Regeln noch zusätzlich sogenann­ te Korrelationfunktionen hizugenommen werden. Darunter ist zu verstehen, mit welcher Wahrscheinlichkeit ein Auto A am Ort i sein soll, wenn sich ein Au­ to B am Ort j befindet. Eine Bearbeitung dieser Korrelationsfunktionen ist im Falle stochastischer, physikalischer oder genetischer Algorithmen durch die Hin­ zunahme sogenannter Straffunktionen mit geeigneter Gewichtung möglich. Die geeignete Gewichtung der Straffunktionen wird dadurch erreicht, daß die korre­ spondierenden Suszeptibilitäten möglichst alle beim gleichen Kontrollparameter des Optimierungsverfahrens kritisches Verhalten zeigen.Sequencing or sequence problems occur both in business and also very common in science and are sometimes of great commer of importance. Only production lines in the Au, for example, are examples here to industry and deciphering genetic codes. In the first case it works it is about the order of the cars to be built one after the other on the Fix assembly line. In practice, this happens through an accumulation of rules that lead to a cost function for the optimization ver driving is processed. As a rule, the difficulty arises that the solutions found do not correspond to the ideas of the practitioners who have worked out the rules. A far better adjustment of the solutions lets can be achieved by adding so-called rules te correlation functions are added. This is to be understood with what probability a car A should be at location i if there is an Au to B is located at j. Editing of these correlation functions is in the In the case of stochastic, physical or genetic algorithms by Hin So-called penalty functions can be increased with suitable weighting. The appropriate weighting of the penalty functions is achieved in that the correct sponding susceptibilities all if possible with the same control parameter show critical behavior of the optimization process.

Eine besondere Bedeutung dürfte dem neuen Verfahren der Sequenzierung in der Genforschung zukommen. Hier ist üblicherweise eine sehr lange Sequenz etwa eines Chromosoms in sehr viele Einzelstücke zertrennt. In der Regel ver­ wendet man zur Zusammensetzung dieser Einzelstücke eine Art Sortieralgorith­ mus. Durch fehlende oder fehlerhafte Zusammensetzungregeln, etwa des Über­ lapps zweier nachfolgender Teilstücke, ist es unmöglich sehr lange Sequenzen feh­ lerfrei zu erstellen. Dadurch ist die Entzifferung kompletter genetischer Codes praktisch nicht möglich. Dies wird durch eine Vorgehensweise analog zu der oben für die Autoindustrie beschriebene erreicht. Das heißt zusätzlich zu den vorhan­ denen Kriterien werden wieder Korrelationsfunktionen herangezogen. Diese sind in der Genforschung in großem Stil ermittelt worden und zeigen sehr charakteri­ stische Verhaltensweisen. Das heißt wieder konkret, die Wahrscheinlichkeit etwa eine Reihenfolge ACA am Ort i zu haben, wenn etwa GTC am Ort j vorliegt, ist bekannt. Damit ergibt sich wiederum ein Opimierungsproblem, das demjeni­ gen aus der Autoindustrie entspricht, wobei natürlich nur die Korrelationen über die Trennlinien hinaus berücksichtigt werden müssen. Die Gewichtung der Straf­ funktionen erfolgt mit dem oben angegebenen Verfahren. Es sollte allerdings noch angefügt werden, daß für einfachere Fälle auch Heuristiken wie etwa für offene Traveling Salesman Probleme herangezogen werden können.The new sequencing method is of particular importance  in genetic research. Here is usually a very long sequence such as a chromosome separated into very many individual pieces. Usually ver a sort of sorting algorithm is used to assemble these individual pieces mus. By missing or incorrect composition rules, such as the over lapps of two subsequent sections, it is impossible to miss very long sequences to create free of learner. This is the deciphering of complete genetic codes practically not possible. This is done by a procedure analogous to that above achieved for the auto industry. That means in addition to the existing ones Correlation functions are again used for the criteria. These are have been determined in genetic research on a large scale and show very characteristic behavior. Again, that means specifically, the probability to have an order ACA at location i, if there is GTC at location j, is known. This in turn leads to an optimization problem, the demjeni genes from the auto industry, although of course only the correlations above the dividing lines must also be taken into account. The weighting of the penalty functions using the above procedure. However, it should still be added that for simpler cases heuristics such as open ones Traveling salesman problems can be used.

Das neue Patent beschreibt damit ein technisches Verfahren, das es ermöglicht, die in den Korrelationsfunktionen versteckten Informationen über die Reihenfol­ ge der Elemente einer Sequenz optimal auszunutzen. Dies geschieht durch die Hinzunahme von Straffunktionen mit geeigneter Gewichtung, die durch Suszeptibilitätsmessungen bestimmt wird, in stochastischen, physikalischen, genetischen und gebenenfalls vorhandene Heuristiken für offene Traveling Salesman Proble­ me.The new patent thus describes a technical process that enables the information about the sequence hidden in the correlation functions optimal use of the elements of a sequence. This happens through the Add penalties with appropriate weighting by susceptibility measurements  is determined in stochastic, physical, genetic and possibly existing heuristics for open traveling salesman problems me.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Lösung von Sequenzierungsproblemen der­ art, daß zu den Lösungsverfahren zusätzlich Korrelationsfunktionen herangezogen werden.1. Method for Improving the Solving of Sequencing Problems of Art that additional correlation functions are used for the solution procedure become. 2. Verfahren nach 1 derart, daß als Lösungsverfahren zusätzlich stochastische, physikalische und genetische Optimierungsverfahren herangezogen werden.2. The method according to 1 in such a way that additional stochastic, physical and genetic optimization methods are used. 3. Verfahren nach 1 und 2 derart, daß zusätzlich heuritische Algorithmen für offene Traveling Salesman Probleme herangezogen werden.3. The method according to 1 and 2 such that additional heuritic algorithms for open traveling salesman problems can be consulted. 4. Verfahren nach 1 bis 3 derart, daß die Korrelationsfunktionen in Form von Straffunktionen verarbeitet werden.4. The method according to 1 to 3 such that the correlation functions in the form of Penalty functions are processed. 5. Verfahren nach 1 bis 4 derart, daß die Gewichtung der Straffunktionen mithilfe der korrespondierenden Suszeptibilitäten festgelegt wird.5. The method according to 1 to 4 such that the weighting of the penalty functions with the help of the corresponding susceptibilities. 6. Verfahren nach 1 bis 5 derart, daß eine Anwendung in der Genforschung mithilfe gemessenener Korrelationen erfolgt.6. The method according to 1 to 5 such that an application in genetic research using measured correlations. 7. Verfahren 1 bis 6 derart, daß die im Falle der Sequenzbildung in der Gen­ forschung die Korrelationen nur zwischen sich auf verschiedenen Teilstücken be­ findlichen Objekten herangezogen werden.7. Method 1 to 6 such that in the case of sequence formation in the gene research the correlations only between themselves on different sections sensitive objects can be used.
DE2000145460 2000-09-14 2000-09-14 Improvement in resolution of sequencing problems, in addition to solution process useful in gene research, comprises application of correlation functions Withdrawn DE10045460A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012002855A1 (en) 2012-02-13 2013-12-05 Ingo Morgenstern Method for using excess amounts of electricity for operating huge computer systems, involves proposing and calculating physical simulations of quantum chromodynamics and high-temperature superconductivity

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012002855A1 (en) 2012-02-13 2013-12-05 Ingo Morgenstern Method for using excess amounts of electricity for operating huge computer systems, involves proposing and calculating physical simulations of quantum chromodynamics and high-temperature superconductivity

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