DD300038A7 - INSULATION AND SPRING ELEMENTS FOR FIXING RAILS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to insulating and spring elements for fastening rails. The invention relates to the arrangement and design of fasteners for rails, points lanes and crane runways on sub-swelling of concrete, wood, steel or similar building materials. According to the invention, the insulating and spring elements are made of durable, high-modulus thermoplastic polyurethane and are arranged in known rail fastening devices in the form of elastomer bands, strips, disks or bushings. Spring elements; Fastening means; Rail fastening devices; thermoplastic polyurethane, high modulus; Elastomerbaender; Elastomeric strips; Elastomer bushings}

Description

For this 2 pages drawings

Application of the invention

The invention relates to the arrangement and design of fasteners for rails, points lanes and crane runways on sub-swelling of concrete, wood, steel or similar building materials.

Characteristic of the known state of the art

Known fortifications of rails, which serve for tracking and primarily for the transmission of horizontal forces are achieved by elastic or rigid steel construction. The desired elastic transmission of large vertical and horizontal forces can be achieved only with several different design elements. A disadvantage of the rigid structures and solutions with Federelementon steel is that the individual steel elements touch each other or the rail and corrosion on the contact surfaces corrosion, wear and the environment polluting noises occur.

According to DD-PS 250346, the elastic rail fastening is characterized in that a fastened by a screw on the subthreshold element tensioning clamp takes over the function dor bracing and the elastic lateral force transmission.

In DD-PS 224350 an elastic and positive connection of rail and under swelling is described by the undercut are provided with recesses which are lined with elastic parts, which may be poured into the concrete, engage in the trained parts of fastener. The attachment between the rail and under swelling takes place in a known manner by a screw connection. By these known rail fasteners also no electrical and / or mechanical separation between the rail or clamping element is given to Unterschwellung. This also results in a high wear. The noise level for the environment is not reduced.

The elastic and electrically insulating fastening device described in AT-PS 295 578 does not provide the sealing of the perforation of the steel clamping elements against the ingress of liquids Bew premature wear of the bolt and the anchor as well as a deterioration of insulation ^properties: ken. Another disadvantage is that a resiliently deflectable metal plate is used for the elastic tension, which has a low life expectancy due to wear and fatigue.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to develop insulating and spring elements for a rail fastening with known screw and clamping elements, which absorbs an elastic shock absorption in the horizontal and / or vertical direction and at the same time a permanent electrical and / or mechanical separation of rail, clamping element and undercut ensures and has a high cold stability.

This system is intended to enable elastic tensioning of the rail, to be steel-saving and wear-resistant, and to enable noise reduction.

Explanation of the essence of the invention The object of the invention is to use insulating and spring elements for fastening rails, the manufacturing technology

can be produced efficiently in large numbers, easy assembly / disassembly and a reduction of

Guarantee maintenance costs. According to the invention the object is achieved in that insulating and spring elements, consisting of cold-resistant

thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are arranged in known rail fastening devices in the form of Elastomerbändern, slices, strips and bushings so that between rail foot and steel, wood or concrete construction

Elastomer strips or bands, between screw and clamping element Elastomerschiiben or -büchsen and between Support surface of the K ammelomentes the threshold or pad and possibly dom rail and clamping element Elastomerleis'en are so that a high electrical resistance between the rail and sub-swelling reached, the Avoid contact of steel elements with each other or with the rail and thus wear or noise reduction

and electrical insulation is achieved and in the elastic tension horizontal and vertical forces can be absorbed.

At the same time, the perforations of the steel clamping elements against the ingress of liquids (moisture)

sealed. By the invention, a simple assembly / disassembly and a reduction of the maintenance of the rail fastening system is gegel.

The high-modulus TPU insulation and spring elements can be produced by conventional injection molding technology. The application

reaching injection molds are advantageously provided with generously designed runner system. The

Injection of the insulating and spring elements as fasteners via conventional gate variants. The insulation and spring elements made of cold-resistant used for the rail fastening system according to the invention TPUs are characterized by being selected from higher molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds and diisocyanates in one Equivalent ratio of 1 to 7 to 1 to 14 and of low molecular weight hydroxy compounds having an equivalent ratio

to the higher molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds of 1 to 5 to 1 to 12 exist.

As higher molecular weight hydroxy compounds for the preparation of the cold-resistant TPU is a polyester alcohol with a

average molar mass of 1,800 to 2,500 based on adipic acid and a mixture of 1,6-hexanediol and 1,4-butanediol in an equivalent ratio of 1 to 3 to 3 to 1 of hoxanediol-1,6 to 1,4-butanediol ,

As low molecular weight hydroxy compounds find linear aliphatic and / or aromatic diols with a molar mass

from 60 to 600, optionally containing 1 to 3 parts by weight in% Monoole as a reaction and molecular weight regulator for the TPU synthesis.

As the diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate is preferably used in the TPU. In addition to the Aufbaukomponent? N further aids and additives may be used, such as Lubricants, hydrolysis, aging and light stabilizers, dyes, pigments, inorganic and / or organic fillers

and reinforcing agents.

Dio production of the TPU is preferably carried out by the one-shot process, wherein the hydroxyl-containing Components, adjuvants and additives with the diisocyanate at 80 to 200 "C are mixed together and

after the reaction at 120 to 200 ⁰ C, the polymer composition is granulated. From the TFU granules to obtain the insulating and spring elements according to the invention by injection molding.

With the inventive material composition of the rail fastening device is an improved Cold stability of the parts and a cold brittleness temperature of -35 ⁰ C is reached, which with usual from the literature

known Poi, ". Ethanrohstof / s on Polyesteresterbasis was previously not possible. The parts have a compressive strength of 35 N / mm ² , which fully meets the requirements for the enormous load in the rail area.

Experiments to record the spring characteristics showed that through the use of the insulating and spring elements according to the invention

Compared with known types of steel springs, a 50% saving in building height with a simultaneous 60% increase in the

Spring travel was achieved at a constant force. Implementation 1

41.06 parts by weight of a linear polyester alcohol based on adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol and 1,4-butanediol with a

Molecular weight of 2150 is at 60 ° C with 11.41 parts by weight of butanediol-1.4.4.56 parts by weight of a

low molecular weight diol based on adipic acid, diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 546 so ie with 0.32 parts by weight of a monool based on a mixture of Cg-C ₎ fatty alcohols, 0.77 parts by weight of a

Hycirolysschutzmittel and mixed with 0.14 parts by weight of lubricant for 60 seconds and then with 41.74 Mass shares reacted on 6O ⁰ C heated 4,4 'diphenylmethane diisocyanate with constant stirring. The NCG7OH Ratio of the reactants is 1.06: 1. The equivalent ratio of the higher molecular weight polyol to the diisocyanate is 1: 8.7. The equivalent ratio of

higher molecular weight diol to the low molecular weight diols is 1: 7.1. After one minute of homogenization, the

Reaction mixture poured onto a plate of 130 ^c C. The solidified polyurethane formmassa can be granulated after 36 hours. The test specimens produced from the granules by the injection molding process have the following characteristics:

Shore hardness D 59 tensile strenght 69 N / mm ² elongation 458% abrasion 47 mm ³ Compressive strength 38 N / mm ² impact resilience 34% Compression set 12% (at room temperature) Cold behavior (according to DIN S3 545) temperature brittleness -40 to -45 ⁰ C Low-temperature value -24 ⁰ C

Isollerelgenschaften (according to DIN 53482 and DIN 53483 measured at PCOHz) specific volume resistivity <po 2 10 ¹³ Ω cm

relative dielectric constant E, 5.85

dielectric loss factor tan δ 0.035

Implementation 2

45.93 parts by weight of a linear polyester alcohol based on adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol and 1,4-butanediol with a

Molecular weight of 2000 at 6O ⁰ C with 11.81 parts by mass of butanediol-1,4,0,78 parts by mass of a Hydrolysis inhibitor and mixed with 0.14 parts by weight of a lubricant for 60 seconds and then with 41.34 Mass shares reacted at 50 ° C heated 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with constant stirring. The NCO / OH ratio of the reactants is 1.06: 1. The equivalent ratio of the higher molecular weight polyol to the diisocyanate is 1: 7.2. The equivalent ratio of

higher molecular weight diol to the low molecular weight diol is 1: 5.7. After one minute of homogenization, the

Reaction mixture poured onto a plate of 12O ⁰ C. The solidified polyurethane molding compound can be granulated after 36 hours. The test specimens produced from the granules by the injection molding process have the following characteristics:

Shore hardness D 57 tensile strenght 63 N / mm ² elongation 461% abrasion 64mm ³ Compressive strength 36 N / mm ² impact resilience 30% Compression set (at room temperature) 16% cold Provision Kälteprödigkeitstemperatur -35 to 4O ⁰ C- Low-temperature value -23 ⁰ C insulation spec. Volume resistance φ D 1.85 · 10 ¹³ O · cm rel. Dielectric constant E, 5.8 dielectric loss factor tan δ 0.033

Embodiment 3 From the TPU according to Examples 1 and 2 were insulating and spring elements according to Example 4, see sketch after Injection molding process. The practical tests were carried out on a pulsator with a swelling load of 0 to 30 kN to

performed to 8 million load changes.

While the parallel tested steel spring rings were completely worn after 50U000 load changes, the

TPU elements according to the invention no damage, no cracks and no wear and showed a good

Damping capacity. After recording spring characteristics could when using the inventive insulating and spring elements against a Steel variant a 50% saving in height while simultaneously increasing the spring travel by 60% at constant Force can be achieved. After rafters of prestressed concrete sleepers, which have a resistance of 2 to 5 Wi, with the insulating and Fec'erelementen

from the TPU material according to Example 1 and 2, insulation values of a50OkO could be achieved.

Embodiment 4 The invention as well as further advantages and features are described below with reference to the drawings Embodiments explained in more detail. Figure 1 and 2 shows an elastic and electrically insulated fastening device according to the invention in the application at

a concrete or wood undercurrent.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 carries a concrete or wood Unterschwschwellung a rail, wherein a

Plate 2 is lined with insulating and damping TPU. The anchored in the dowel or wood undercurrent threshold screw transmits the biasing force on a TPU lsollerbuchse 1 on the steählerndo clamping element and is mechanically and electrically separated by the insulating bushing of this. The rail foot edge is separated from the clamping element by a highly wear-resistant, elastic and electrically insulated TPU strip 3. In a recess in the sub-swelling, the steel-pressing clamping element is elastically and mechanically clamped separately by a TPU strip 4.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 ^ carries a concrete or wood undermining a rail on a conventional elastic pad of z. As rubber, the rail foot is separated by a highly wear-resistant, elastic and electrically insulated TPU strip 3 from the clamping element. The anchored in the dowel or wood undercurrent sleeper transfers the clamping force via a TPU spring washer 5 on the steählernde clamping element. In a recess in the sub-swelling, the steel clamping element is elastically and mechanically separated by a TPU strip 4.

Claims (5)

1. Insulating and spring elements for fastening voi ι, ".iienon with known screw and clamping elements for receiving Horizc it I-> ndnd or vertical forces during elastic clamping with simultaneous sealing q dor perforation of the steel clamping elements against the ingress of liquid Achieving elastic insulation and noise reduction, characterized in that they consist of cold-resistant, high modulus thermoplastic polyurethane and are arranged in known rail fastening devices in the form of Elastomerbändern, strips, discs or bushes. 2. insulating and spring elements according to claim 1, characterized in that between the rail foot and steel ·, wood or concrete constructions Elastomorleisten or bands, between the screw and clamping element the Elastomerscheiben or -büchsen and between the support surface of the clamping element of the threshold or pad plate and / or the rail base and the clamping element are the elastomer strips. 3. insulation and spring elements according to claim 1 and 2, characterized gekonnzeichnet that the elastomeric elements consist of thermoplastically processable polyurethane elastomers having a Kältesprödigkeitstemperatur of at least -35 ⁰ C, wherein the polyurethane elastomers of higher molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds and diisocyanates in an equivalent ratio consisting of 1: 7 to 1:14 and active hydrogen atoms containing low molecular weight hydroxy compounds in an equivalent ratio of 1: 5 to 1:12 and thereby as higher molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds polyester alcohols based on adipic acid and a mixture of 1,6-hexanediol and butanediol-1, 4 in an equivalent ratio of 1: 3 to 3: 1 of hexanediol-1,6 to butanediol-1,4 having an average molar mass of 1800 to 2500 are included. 4. insulating and spring elements according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that as active hydrogen atoms containing low molecular weight hydroxy compounds find aliphatic and / or aromatic diols having a molar mass of 60 to 600 use. 5. insulating and spring elements according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate is used as the diisocyanate.