DD277905A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING EQUIPMENT AND SMALL PROPUTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for the biological purification of waste waters and small receiving waters. Forms of higher plants, with the ability to absorb water and wastewater ingredients, are so contacted by means of one or two-layer bridge-like straps with the water that their roots dip into the water. The application of the method enables a substantial reduction of the nutrient load (P, N component), an intensive biochemical degradation, a selective removal of organic pollutants of the wastewater to be purified as well as a prevention of the eutrophication of underlying water sections.

Description

-2- 277 90b

Selected trees of the genera Salix, Fraxinus, BeUiIa, Populus and Alnus are to be used as suitable trees. Among the shrubs that produce great metabolic activities, especially the Sambucus species are mentioned. From the Proteaceae Oritis exetsa is known that z. B. aluminum in wood bodies can accumulate, so that the wood ash to 79% consists of algmia.

The Compretaceae Becium homblei selectively enriches copper, and Hybanthus floribundus binds high levels of nickel.

Astragalus species can selectively enrich selenium. As a one- and perennial plants can z. B. Heracleum giganteum and Polygonumarten use.

The device for carrying out the method consists of a pebble-type carrier, preferably concrete, plastic or mesh, which has wedge slots, which take into account the increasing growth of trees and shrubs during the years of operation. Pass wedges are used in the planting of the carrier for mechanical fixing of trees and shrubs up to an age of 20 years. The secondary growth of the woody plants leads to a partial growth on the carrier. The growing tree trunk depresses the registration key in the direction of the extended slot, so that the timber plant is constantly sufficiently stabilized.

The overbuilding of the receiving surface or channel cross-section by means of the carrier also causes a shading of the water and thereby prevents unwanted development of algae mass by Eutrophierungskomponenten (nitrogen and phosphorus) and a purification of the water of de nutrient components during the passage of the overbuilding; so that no algae mass developments can occur more.

The invention will be explained below with reference to an example.

In a receiving water with a mean discharge (MNQ) of 3m ³ / min. and a mineral load of 1 70ükg / d is to be lowered by biological overbuilding of the water the freight to 850kg / d. The porters are populated with poplars, which off

3. Year of operation per year and tree produce 30kg of solids. It is calculated with 30% ash content.

Thus, during the growth period, a tree removes about 10kg of minerals from the receiving waters. H. on 150 days of the growing season of the year, an average of 0.07 kg minerals per tree and day are taken from the quotients of freight and daily output resulting in the number of trees and palettes to be used. In the example this results in 24685 trees.

Claims (2)

A process for the purification of crude or pretreated effluents or small preflours, characterized in that suitable selectable breeds or forms of higher plants, preferably woody plants and annual and perennial woody perennials possessing the ability, water and wastewater ingredients preferred be held in sewage or Vorflutern above the water level so that their root system dips into the sewage or water. 2. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to item 1, characterized in that one or two-layer bridge-like designed carrier (1,4), consisting of rigid or flexible water and weather resistant materials, preferably made of concrete or plastic, a plurality of wedge-like openings (2), which are provided with the trees and pass wedges (3) or consist of multi-level parallel associated networks, which are attached in two stages. For this 2 pages drawings Field of application of the invention The invention relates to a method and a device for the biological purification of waste water and small Vorflutern outside conventional sewage treatment plants. The method can be used in channels before sewage treatment plants or in receiving waters after sewage treatment plants. Characteristic of the known technical solutions The known methods of biological wastewater treatment make use especially of microorganisms that perform the purification process as activated sludge (activated sludge tank), biological turf (trickling filter), etc. The treated wastewater usually still contain residues of organic content, pollutants and eutrophicizing constituents such as nitrogen and phosphorus salts, which must be followed by further treatment if necessary. Known si ⁿ d fixed bed reactors with aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms (DE CO 2 F 3/02 30 24997) and plants that use autotrophic microorganisms, such as algae, fungal biomasses or enzymes that are obtained from living in water microorganisms (DE C 02 F 3/002755286). Furthermore, methods and devices for the purification of raw or pretreated wastewater with the help of plants are known whose roots bind and degrade in conjunction with Bodenensubstraton and microorganisms in the wastewater contained pollutants (CH CO 2 F 3/32661717 and CH C 02 F 644570). In particular, rushes, rice plants (DE C 02 F 3/323406004), marsh fl ag and reed (DE C 02 F 3/3230112/6) as well as various types of aquatic plants (3UC 02 F 3 / 32967966,1020374,1121239 and No. 1362710 and DE C 02 F 3/3228361). Object of the invention The aim of the invention is to develop a biological process for wastewater treatment or for further treatment of wastewater outside the treatment plants, which substantially lowers the nutrient (P, N) component, intensifies the biochemical degradation, which is not degraded in the biological treatment stage of the treatment plant organic Substances further reduced, inorganic pollutants (toxic heavy metals) selectively removed and prevents the eutrophication of underlying water sections.
The process should be environmentally friendly and have a positive impact on the environment. Explanation of the essence of the invention According to the invention the object is achieved in that higher plants, such as woody plants, one or perennial woody perennials are forced by technical devices to take their entire mineral, nutrient and water needs from the flowing wave of a body of water, channel or sewage by their Dip roots into the water. Thus, an integration of nutrients and pollutants of the wastewater into the wood body of the trees and bushes and thus a long-term outsourcing of these substances from the biological material cycles can be achieved. During the growing season, the trees and shrubs develop a widely ramified, dense root system that, as a biological exchanger, extracts nutrients and pollutants from the wastewater and the receiving waters, thereby purifying it. The root system has no static, but a biological filter and exchange function, and it allows comprehensive F and post-purification processes of the wastewater.