DD209902A5 - ENERGY STORAGE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a compact and space-saving constructed energy storage device with high efficiency for the storage of latent heat in chemically reacting storage media or storage media with phase change. According to the invention, a storage medium 32 (reciprocal salt pair) having a specific reaction temperature is located in a container 24. This storage medium is purged by a dispersion medium 39 whose evaporation temperature is <equal to the reaction temperature. As it flows through the storage medium, the dispersion medium evaporates and essentially takes up evaporation heat. The evaporated dispersion medium collects in the upper part between the inner container and an outer container 25. In the intermediate region 26 formed by the two containers, a coil 27 is arranged, which differs from The dispersant cools at the coil 27 and condenses, releasing the absorbed heat of vaporization. The resulting dispersant cycle is maintained by the pressure differential between the dispersant condensate and the vaporous dispersant. There is a direct heat exchange between the storage medium and the dispersion medium.

Description

15 576 56

energy storage

Field of application of the invention:

The invention relates to an energy storage device for storing latent Wänae in chemically reacting storage media or storage media with phase change «. '· ._

Energy stores are important for all processes in which the supply of energy and energy consumption differ over time ·

! Side storage devices are useful where peak loads the size of a power supply unit, such as a heating system, determined * Here, a memory can serve ?, the power supply unit to the size of the average power to reduce »This is above all for connection-connected supply units, eg · Electric heat pumps ¹ , of importance.

Λ L \ X \ i ~ '

The aim is to have a memory that can meet both requirements and that can therefore be used universally.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions:

A temporally offset supply of energy from the underground world (summer) and energy consumption (winter) occurs, in particular in the heating of buildings, depending on the season as well as the course of the day. In coal or oil heating, which is still widely used, stocks are both sources of energy and energy storage, and the required heating energy can be drawn from them according to the consumption required. ♦ Only by rising oil and coal prices and the realization that stocks are limited worldwide and are running low, found again a return to ira principle known facilities in energy supply systems such as solar panels, heat pumps usv? .y fed, which allow recovery of the "free" UmweIterergie "But since the largest energy supply from the environment occurs even if no ^ ommer) or little (heat period ira winter) heating energy is required, could be achieved by a heat storage a significant improvement in the efficiency of a utility system and a reduction in size · The maximum demand for heating energy is required only at extremely low temperatures a few hours in Dahr and d he prescribed in the DIN 4701 values to calculate the maximum heat demand even often achieved nur.innerhalb a Dahrzehnts for a few hours. The obvious use of energy storage devices was mostly omitted because of too high investment and operating costs. Uneconomic storage facilities are then if it can be calculated from the sum of investment and operating costs no economic advantage over supply lanterns.

The two main requirements of an energy storage are:

a) An energy store should work as lossless as possible. Not only losses due to the transfer of heat, but also energy expenditure for maintaining the storage operation and exergetic losses, for example in heat exchangers, are meant here. Indirectly results from this requirement that the Speicherbetnperatur should be adapted to the necessary temperature for each desired process. This point is the exergetic minimum, making it cheaper to deploy and reducing losses

b) As much energy as possible should be storable in the storage medium, i. According to previous findings, this requirement can be met for storable and dischargeable storage by the storage of latent heat. However, the choice of the storage media (and the operation of the storage device may not cause any effort that makes the operation uneconomical compared to other supply alternatives.

All previously known storage systems meet the above requirements only very imperfectly, so that so far no system could prevail in the market, although just supply units such as heat pumps, collectors, absorbers and Wärrae-force couplings are improved in their efficiency. This improvement concerns both the purely technical efficiency and the degree of utilization of the primary energy used.

Currently known usable storage media, especially for building heaters, are water, salt hydrates and reciprocal salt pairs * A comparison of these storage media shows that the energy density in reciprocal salt pairs is greatest »where z, Zt. Ca · 500 systems reciprocal salt pairs are known

At one energy point for all systems of 35 ⁰ C, the energy density for

Water δ t 25 ⁰ C 105 KO / dm ³

similar salt hydrates 375 KO / dm ³

System 1 630 cc / dm ³

Stones, chamotte 42 K3 / daf

Water δ t 25 ⁰ C

Glauber's salt or

similar salt hydr

Reciprocal salt pair

System 1

Reciprocal salt pair

System 2 720 cu / dra ³

Anergetic storage results in energy densities of

Ice storage 390 KD / dm " ⁵

Reciprocal salt pair

System 3 1560 Κα / dm ³

The energy storage, for example, under the minimum temperature of 35 ⁰ C necessary for underfloor heating, but can not be compared directly with the exergetic storage, since other system constellations are necessary and the stored energy, for example by a heat pump, be raised to a higher temperature level got to.

On the basis of the abovementioned energy densities and on the assumption that, for the abovementioned storage

D-

media (not yet known) problem-free storage facilities, the following data arise for a suitable storage for a single-family dwelling:

For a detached house with Qh max. 14 KW, area 160 m ² , Ospez. 80 W / m ² results according to VDI 2067 an Oahreswärraedarfär of 85.7 Gü / a or 23.800 KWh / a · If this family house is equipped with collectors and a memory, it can be assumed that a long-term stored heat amount of ca * 43 GJ , In the case of water as a storage medium, a 20% loss due to transmission is still to be estimated, so that approximately 52,000 Gj would have to be stored here.

From this the following storage buffers are calculated:

water salt pair 495 m ³ salt hydrate 115 m ³ reciprocal 59 m ³ .

By equipping this house with collectors and an additional heat pump, the amount of energy to be stored in the long term decreases due to the improved heat yield, i. The collectors can also be operated at relatively low temperatures as Energieararaler, to about 13 GO. (It was assumed that a collector surface of about 100 ta.) In such a system, the cubature of the memory to be compared is calculated on:

water salt pair 148 m salt hydrate 34 m ³ reciprocal 13 m ³

When stored at an energetic level, for example at a stripping temperature of 2Q ⁰ C of a Saiz

3 _{# system} , the storage volume can be further reduced to approx. 8.5 ro »At this temperature level there is usually the possibility of recharging. Recharging via collectors is unproblematic up to -1O ⁰ C, so that a storage volume of 5 to 6 m is sufficient under this condition. The low labor trap also improves the energy yield of the collectors in terms of efficiency and efficiency. To raise the temperature to, for example 35 ⁰ C (underfloor heating) in the example described, a heat pump can be used, which then works with a constant delivery of 9 and better, under delivery here is the ratio between the working energy, which is inserted in dia heat pump and the "won" Exergiemenge called. On the other hand, an ice store only allows a delivery figure of about 3, 5 "which means less economical operation.

It could thus be shown here that, especially in the use of reciprocal salt pairs, only relatively small and practically realizable Speiehergrößen are required for a long-term storage to balance the energy supply in warm seasons and the high energy consumption in winter. For the example shown results for the required heat pump also a practically feasible AnschluSleistung of a maximum of 1.6 KW / h.

Another area of application of an energy storage is that of a daytime equalization. This is not a seasonal long-term energy storage be made »It should rather in a heat pump system, for example, with solar collectors, the heat pump» in particular Korapressorleistung, adjusted to average values and reduced »ground. unfavorable

Daily cycles are to be absorbed by the day balancing memory both during daytime teratural fluctuations and during frequent teraperatur fluctuations. The reduction of the heatpurapes size and thus the connection performance depends on the memory size. An Asulegung to 50 % of the maximum hourly heating power is realistic, so that for a heat pump system with normally 1.6 KW / h only a power connection of about »0.8 KW / h would be necessary. In this example, a daily equalization memory of approximately 2 in memory contents at exergetic level would have to be used. With such a design, operation without additional heating could be maintained even in the event that the maximum daily cycle lasts for 100 hours. An increased need for security for an even safer heating system can be satisfied by a larger storage tank, a larger compressor or an additional heating »

Another important application of an exergetic memory is seen in the context of central heat supply pauses. The waste heat from the operation of power plants could be fed into a grid independent of the demand. The power plant could be driven without regard to the respective heat consumption exclusively based on power consumption. When using storage facilities, a reduction in the dimensioning of the interconnected grid and a balancing of energy supply and energy consumption would also be possible. The heat exchanger storage / heating system must be designed for the maximum load.

Hit the aforementioned storage media, water, salt hydrates and reciprocal salt pairs, has already been tried several times to build practical versions of memories.

If water energy storage devices with water are used as the storage medium, usually unpressurised, insulated containers are used. The necessary insulating strength is greater, the longer the storage time should be. In long-term storage, insulation thicknesses of 1.5 m may be necessary. The required large containers and insulation thicknesses are expensive and usually can not be accommodated, at least in existing buildings. Another disadvantage is the deterioration of the heat exchange in the discharge by the decreasing storage temperature has an effect, since the temperature difference between the cooling water and to the receiving circuit, for example a heating circuit, constantly smaller.

When hydrates such as Glauber's salt or paraffin are used as a storage medium for storing latent heat, a mechanical mixer must be provided to prevent precipitation of crystals. Mechanically agitated agitators, on the one hand, require energy and are in addition subject to wear is promoted by the usually very aggressive storage media still - The heat exchange takes place in known versions of this kind via a heat exchanger in the storage medium. During the cooling of the store, solid salt crystals appear on the exchanger surface, which leads to a poor heat transfer. This necessarily requires during loading and unloading an upper temperature or "low temperature of the heat transfer medium, so that the thermal resistance of the material surrounding the heat exchanger is overcome. Oberteraturatures can lead to unwanted, irreversible state changes in the memory material, which over time the memory become unusable.

It is known (DE 28 28 230 230) y build a data storage without stirring and mixing device and a solidification of the heat storage medium, in particular in Blauber's salt, allow. The loading and unloading of this memory is effected by a heat transfer agent, in particular ül, which emits sensitive heat to the storage mediura during loading or absorbs sensitive heat during the discharge. The Wärmetauschermediura is then, when the heat storage medium is in the liquid phase, passed directly through the heat storage medium, so that the absorption or release of sensible heat on the heat exchange medium takes place in direct contact of heat exchange liquid and Hännespeicherflüssigkeit. In particular, in the case that Glauber's salt is used as a heat storage medium, this solidifies during the phase change and thus clogs the inlet pipe for the heat exchanger medium. In order to remedy this, a device for creating kanalfönniger cavities in the solidifying heat storage medium is proposed so that Wärraetauschennadiusj can be gepurapt through these cavities even with a solid heat storage medium. The omission of a Durchraischungseinrichtung that could prevent dense caking of the heat storage medium j is replaced here by a complex process for the production of channel-shaped cavities, which must also be controlled depending on the degree of solidification of Wänuespeicheriaediunis · A huge disadvantage is that when solidified heat storage medium only small contact surfaces between this and the Wärraetauschermediura along the channel-shaped cavities occur, so that only a small heat transfer, especially from far away from the cavities lying areas of the heat storage medium is possible. In order to obtain a practically usable energy storage, is therefore compared to the reaction temperature of the storage medium

- 10 -

great upper or lower temperatures must be worked in order to obtain a practically usable heat transfer from the heat storage medium to the Wärmetauscherraediura, whereby the irreversible processes described above can be triggered · A major disadvantage of the known energy storage is that 'for the War · » transmission to and from the store requires a high hate flow of heat exchanger mediaf; since only sensible heat is released or absorbed by the heat exchanger medium. In claim 1, it was assumed that the above-described energy storage *

Furthermore, it is known to encapsulate the energy storage device in the storage space, preferably in a ball space. The loading and unloading of such a memory takes place in that a heat transfer medium is guided past the encapsulated spoke rmediuiakugeln. Encrustation of a heat exchanger does not occur through the encapsulation of the storage medium, but disadvantageous is the expensive process, a large required storage volume by creating gaps between the individual capsules and a deterioration of the heat transfer through the capsule to the storage medium.

A working with encapsulated Speichenaediura energy store is known for example from US Patent No. 4,192,144. This memory is so loaded because & superheated steam from above is directed into the dense packing of storage medium capsules. With delivery of sensible and latent heat, the vapor condenses and collects in the lower part of the energy storage tank. The level of the condensate level can be changed by a controllable device, whereby a top-down layered charging of this energy storage is possible. When discharging this energy storage is the

- 11 -

Liquid level raised in a charged region of the energy storage, wherein the heat transfer fluid evaporated and for V / eiterve application, in particular for the operation of a turbine, is available. The object of the energy storage shown here is to enable a targeted layered loading and unloading for a controllable discharge of the memory. For this purpose, it is necessary to control the system on the level of VVärraeträgertertelkondensats, with a mixing of charged and non-charged storage capsules must be prevented by a dense packing · The type of loading and unloading is a separate storage of heat carrier condensate and a metering device for the filling the memory necessary, which leads in connection with the necessary for the function encapsulation of Speichenaediums to a very expensive energy storage. Since no through- and Uraströmung the storage medium capsules or a Durchraischung the Speichenaediumkapseln is provided here, but the storage medium is applied in layers with Wärnjeträgerdarapf, no effective: loading can be expected; so that the application is likely to be limited essentially to the case shown in connection with a turbine. It also follows that the stored in the heat transfer medium latent heat is of minor importance, since the operation of the turbine superheated steam is required.

It is also known (US Pat. No. 4,238,296) to transfer heat from a warmer liquid (fresh water) by means of a hydrocarbon cycle to a colder liquid (seawater) in order to preheat the seawater for a subsequent desalting. For heat transfer thereby stored by evaporation latent heat of vaporization is used. The circle described here

- 12 -

However, running is not suitable as a heat transfer medium circuit for a heat storage, as in the arrangement shown a circulation operation is possible only in one direction and no reversal of the circulation direction, as required for the loading and unloading of a memory can be performed.

It is also known (Latent Heat Energy Storage Using Direcz Contact Heat Transfer, Proc. Of the Int

 Energy Soc · Silver dubilee Congr., Atlanta) to carry out the loading and unloading in a latent heat storage by a direct contact between storage medium and a Wänntransportraedium. In this case, an aqueous salt solution (Wärmespeichersiediuta) a heat transfer fluid is passed, which has a lower density than the aqueous salt solution and is immiscible with this ·. The introduction of the water carrier liquid takes place through a diffuser from below into the salt solution, so that the water carrier liquid rises in the salt solution in droplet form, gives off heat or

From there, the heat transfer fluid is pumped out, passed through a heat exchanger and then introduced again from below into the salt solution · This circuit is thus maintained by means of a pump and the heat exchange takes place by means of delivery or intake of sensible heat ira heat carrier * The energy storage described here thus essentially corresponds to the device described above (DE-OS 23 46 230), wherein only a solidifying Speichermediura is not used.

- 13 -

Object of the invention:

The invention proposes a substantially improved energy storage device which does not have the above-indicated deficiencies and disadvantages.

Explanation of the essence of the invention:

The invention is based on the object to provide an energy storage device for storing latent heat in chemically reacting Speichiedien or storage media with phase change, with your simple memory structure an improved heat exchange and zuni Speicherraediura is possible.

According to the invention the object is achieved by

- That the Wänneträgertelpel is a dispersion medium in which the storage medium is distributed;

- That the dispersant does not react chemically with the storage medium;

- that the Verdampfungsteaperaiur is the dispersion mid-ls = "the reaction temperature of Speichermediuras, so that at least part of the heat transport with the dispersant via latent heat stored therein is effected, and

- That the dispersant is fed to a heat exchanger.

According to the invention, the storage medium is to be flowed through by a dispersion medium whose evaporation temperature is less than or equal to the reaction temperature of the storage medium. In addition, the dispersant should not react chemically with the storage medium. By dispersion medium is meant here a liquid with the aid of which a mixture of liquid and

- 14

divided solids can be produced, the solids here may be reciprocal salt pairs or other substances which solidify in phase change. With the proposed arrangement it is achieved that via the dispersion medium a direct, intimate heat exchange with the storage medium without exergetic losses takes place. The heat transport is caused both by the condensate and the vapor of the dispersion medium which is finely distributed at many points Heat causes the heat exchange between the spoke medium and the dispersion medium is very good by the direct flushing and flow through the storage medium distributed in the dispersion medium. In addition, the dispersing medium flows through the storage material, so that the heat-conducting dispersion medium contacts all storage emulsion particles for loading and unloading. In addition, clumping of the storage radius is largely avoided, especially as a result of the vapor bubbles of the dispersion medium formed in the storage medium in a fine distribution * Storage "will therefore form no storage medium block, which hinders the heat transfer and thus the function of the entire memory in a subsequent loading, but the storage Mediura is kept in a pourable or granular state, which allows at any time a passage of dispersant at a large contact area» Overall, can thereby a mechanical Duchraischungseinrichtung omitted · the evaporation pressure of the dispersing agent can be used to maintain a dispersion medium circuit in such a manner that the vapor on the loaded memory dis- is used persionsiaittel to the fact that in a heat exchanger cooled (liquid) dispersant again by the storage medium · The pressure difference between the steam outlet and the condensate inlet necessary to maintain a cycle

- 15 -

Location in the storage medium will adjust itself by the flow resistance in Speicherraediuta. However, it may be necessary with appropriate dimensioning and selection of the storage means and Dispersionsraittels to install an expansion valve in Dispersiansraittelkreislauf «It is thus proposed a closed, self-induced dispersion medium circuit that holds the storage medium in fluidizable form and the heat transfer medium (dispersing agent) the heat transport both Be - Performs as well as during discharge of the memory with relatively little mass flow on latent heat by utilizing a phase change. It is essential that can be used in a heat transfer with latent heat with temperatures in the gesaraten plant, which are in the size of the reaction temperature of the storage medium · This advantageously eliminates the need for high high or low temperatures that many storage media can not tolerate that lead to irreversible processes. The entire system can be easily controlled by the system pressure.

Another significant advantage of the proposed energy storage is that the heat transfer from the dispersant to the storage medium both via the condensed phase of the dispersion aittel, wherein a very good heat transfer to the storage medium is achieved, and via the gas phase, wherein a very intimate mixing is achieved ¹ , takes place , To start the memory during the loading of the described dispersion medium circuit via a condensed phase and a gas phase is not erforderlihc, since the energy storage can start by convection of the condensed Dispersionsraittels and thus requires no additional start-up aid.

- 16 -

Another advantage is seen in the fact that a closed system consisting of dispersing agent and Speichenaediuni is obtained and no separation of these two media in any operating conditions is necessary · This and the elimination of mechanical mixing or pumping devices of the energy storage is virtually maintenance-free »

The sub-items have advantageous developments of the invention for the content ·

Embodiment:

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the drawing * It shows:

Fig. 1: a schematic representation of a

Erstsn Ausführungsforra an energy storage with integrated heat exchanger j

Fig. 2: a schematic representation of a

second embodiment of an energy storage device with integrated heat exchanger,

Fig. 3: a flow chart and a schematic

Representation of a third embodiment of a heat exchanger with a separate heat exchanger in conjunction with an energy absorber during the storage charge,

FIG. 4: the third embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3 in the switching state of the storage discharge, FIG.

- 17

5 shows a fourth embodiment with external heat exchanger,

Fig. 6: a fifth Ausführungsforra with an integrated and an additional external heat exchanger.

In Fig. 1, a first Ausführungsforra an energy storage device 1 is shown, in which in a two-shell container 2, consisting of an inner container 3 and an outer container 4, a storage medium 5 is introduced. The storage medium 5 is a chemically reacting storage medium or storage medium with phase change, for example a salt hydrate or reciprocal salt pair. Since, as already stated, high energy storage densities can be achieved with reciprocal salt pairs, an energy storage filling with reciprocal salt pairs is preferably proposed. For example, the salt pair 2 KNO ₂ + Ba (OH) ₂ - 8 H ₂ O is suitable for energy storage (high-temperature storage); for reciprocal salt storage (low-temperature storage), the reciprocal salt pair 2 LiNO ₃ . 3 H ₂ O + (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ . In principle, however, any spoke medium which is suitable for storing latent heat at a certain reaction temperature can be used.

The storage medium 5 is internally closed. Container 3 filled to a level 6. In Zwischenbebereich 7, between the inner and outer container 3, 4 flows a heat transfer medium 8, which circulates in a system cycle, such as a heating system of a residential building. The system circuit is closed via an upper terminal 9 and a lower terminal 10 on the outer container 4.

- 18 -

Ira intermediate region 7, a coil 11 is arranged, which extends in four winding planes from top to bottom and which forms a heat exchanger 12 in conjunction with the passing heat transfer medium. Starting from the lower end of the tube 11, a standpipe 13 protrudes from below into the inner container so tightly that an upper opening 14 comes to rest above the level 6 of the storage diaphragm 5. "Upstream from the upper end of the coil 11 are two immersion tubes 15 »16 is guided from above into the inner container 3 and the storage medium 5 almost to the bottom 17 of the inner container 3. At lower openings 18, 19 of the dip tubes 15, 16 spring-loaded check valves 20 are used.

The coil 11, the standpipe 13, the storage medium 5 and the dip tubes 15 ', 16 are flowed through by a dispersion medium 22, which occurs partly as a vapor, partly as a condensate. The dispersant 22 is a heat carrier that must have an evaporation temperature that is less than or equal to or greater than the reaction temperature of the storage medium 5. Preferably, an area in the vicinity of the reaction temperature is also aimed at in the smaller evaporation apertures. As the vaporizer tempera door

is dependent on pressure, in certain combinations of dispersants and salt pairs, the aforementioned requirement by a change in pressure (eg Öberdruckbetrieb) can be achieved. In addition, the dispersant 22 must not chemically react with the storage medium, accumulate in an erroneous manner, or otherwise undergo changes due to the presence of the storage medium 5, the pipe walls, or container walls. Therefore inert substances are to be preferred as dispersing agents, for example freons, which are said to have a high hydrolysis resistance.

- 19 -

Since most known salt hydrates and reciprocal salt pairs are chemically aggressive, the use of plastic is recommended as the material for the parts which contact the storage medium but also the dispersant. The container 2 may also be surrounded by a heat insulating layer, not shown se in.

The energy store 1 according to FIG. 1 has the following function:

Charge of the energy storage device 1: For the charge of the energy storage device 1, a heat transfer medium is required whose temperature is above the reaction temperature of the storage medium 5 so that the storage of latent heat at high energy density can be utilized. It could, for example, at the upper terminal 9, a heat transfer medium from an energy absorber, such as a solar collector, to flow. With still very cold energy storage, the heat transfer agent on the wall of the inner container and the pipe beater 11 will cool down, so that give heat energy to the disperse condensate and the storage medium and run off cold at the lower terminal 10 · This is the storage medium 5 up to the reaction temperature (z * B, 35 ⁰ C). Since the dispersant 22 already evaporates at the reaction temperature, the Kres run described below occurs. In the vicinity of the upper port 9, where the warm Wärraeträgenmitten enters, already evaporates the dispersant 22. Due to the high vapor pressure, the dispersant 22 below In the vicinity of the terminal 10, which is colder than the connection 9, the dispersion medium can still be condensed, so that a substantially lower pressure prevails here. As a result, the dispersant is printed through the standpipe 13 and in place

- 20 -

lower pressure. Thus, due to the vapor pressure, a cycle of the dispersion medium is formed, which extracts the energy for its maintenance from the heat transfer medium. As the described circuit is formed, in particular with which circulation rate depends on the Diraensionierung the flow-through - the Ströraungsquerschnitt in the selected storage medium, the temperature conditions, the location of connections and the Dimension of the storage volume from. The start of the cycle can be done with coded dispersant by convection and possibly. Be supported by sine auxiliary pump.

A constriction acting as an expansion valve in the flow-through cross sections can bring about an improvement in the circulation behavior if the pressure difference between warmer and colder stalls required for start-up and maintenance of the dispersion medium circulation is insufficient or if the flow resistance in the storage medium does not provide the required pressure difference.

The dispersion medium 22 flowing in the charging circuit through the storage medium 5 effects an improved heat transport from the heat transfer medium 8 via the heat exchanger 12 (tube coil 11) to the storage medium 5. However, since there is usually a long period of time for the long-term storage for the storage charges, the space loading process caused by the dispersion medium cycle and the direct exchange with the storage means may not be so important, so that even if due to unfavorable dimensioning, the circulation does not start, the accumulator is loaded in the desired manner by a transition from Wänne.trägerraittai 8 to the storage medium 5. It is different

- 21 -

However, in the discharge of the energy storage 1, in which a dispersion medium circuit causes a very significant improvement.

Discharge of the energy storage 1: The energy storage 1 should now be largely charged. For example, in the case of a filling with reciprocal salt pairs, the compound of the salt pairs (in a reversible process) should have largely changed at the reaction temperature. The terminal IO could be connected to the return of a floor heating system and be charged with water of about 20 ⁹ C. By doing so, the lower portion of the coil 11 "would cool and the dispersant would appear as a condensate, whereas at the upper end of the coil 11, the temperature would be higher so that the dispersant could evaporate and generate pressure corresponding to the vapor pressure in this region In turn, a dispersion medium cycle is set in motion, in such a way that out of the dip tubes 15, dispersion medium (partly already preheated and evaporated) emerges. As it flows through the storage medium 5 lying on its reaction toner, the dispersion medium evaporates completely and occurs in very fine distribution in small vapor bubbles. The rising vapor bubbles require a good mixing of the storage medium and a good heat exchange. Through the dispersion medium circuit, an energy transport to the heat exchanger 12 (tube coil 11) is performed. Through this direct heat exchange, the energy storage 1 can be built to save space and required for the mixing of the storage medium 5 kinetic energy is taken directly from the storage potential »The heat exchange between the dispersant 22 and the heat transfer medium 8 takes place, taking place outside of the actual memory core.

- 22 -

The Enrgiespeicher 1 is shown only in principle and could, for example, a different arrangement, in particular larger numbers of exchange tubes 15, 16 or standpipes 13 have. The heat exchanger device 12 between the dispersion medium 22 and the heat transfer medium 8 could also be designed in accordance with other known heat exchanger designs. Further, a plurality of Wärraeträgerraittelkreisläufe, for example, a loading and unloading, be connected to the energy storage 1.

The second embodiment of an energy accumulator 23 shown in FIG. 2 also consists of an inner and outer container 24, 25, in the intermediate region of which a tube coil 27 is introduced. However, the tube coil is connected here to an upper connection 28 and a lower connection 29 on the outer container 25 and flows through a heat transfer agent 30 of a supply system, for example a heating system. In the inner container 24, a storage medium 32 is also filled up to a level 31 · Above a check valve 33 has a standpipe 34 in the inner container 24 connection with the intermediate portion 27, the upper opening of the standpipe 34 is connected to two projecting from above into the Speicherraedium 32 dip tubes 35 and 36. The lid of the inner container is rait flow openings 37, 38 provided to the intermediate region 26. The intermediate region 26, the standpipe 34, the dip tubes 35, 36 and the Durchströraoffnungen 37, 38 are traversed by a © dispersing means 39, which occurs partially in the form of vapor or condensate.

The findings made on the first embodiment of the choice of storage medium, the Oispersionsraittels, the material, the Oruckverhältnisse and the Art

the heat exchanger are also relevant here and accordingly in the other embodiments.

The energy storage 23 has the following function: Similar to the first embodiment, a dispersion medium circuit also occurs here. For discharging the energy storage device 23, a heat transfer agent 30, for example, from a heating return, below the evaporation temperature of the Oispersionsmittels 39 at the lower terminal 29 to be supplied. As a result, the dispersant is liquid in this area, as indicated in FIG. As it flows through the coil 27, the heat carrier 30 is heated on its way to the outlet port 28. This causes it above the evaporation temperature of the dispersion medium, so that in the vicinity of the terminal 28, the dispersion medium is evaporated. As a result of the vapor pressure prevailing here, a pressure is exerted on the liquid dispersion medium 39, which rises, in particular, the standpipe 34 and exits through the exchange tubes 35, 36 in the storage medium 32. In the storage medium 32, the dispersion medium 39 is heated and evaporated. The ascending small vapor bubbles emerge from the storage mediura and through the through-flow openings 37, 38 into the intermediate region 26. Thus, the dispersion medium circuit is closed The remarks made to the first embodiment for starting the circuit are also to be considered here. A corresponding circuit can also be generated and maintained during the loading of the energy store 23. It is also essential here for the energy transport that heat is absorbed by the storage reservoir 32 in the dispersion medium 39, which heat is transported in the dispersion medium in the form of latent heat of vaporization and which is released again in the condensation in the Zwiohan reservoir 26 (indicated in FIG. 2 by droplet formation). This may result in a relatively

- 24 -

For mass flow of dispersant large amounts of energy in the range of reaction temperature on and transferred from the storage medium, exergetically, this process is cheaper than a conventional heat exchanger , since the Reaktionssteraperatur the process remains stable and the offer of an energy absorber, such as a solar collector, to The same applies to the discharge since the storage medium 32 vaporizes the dispersant 39 in the storage medium 32 until the reaction is stopped. The described disadvantages of other methods are omitted for both methods. To regulate the output, control and regulation valves could be installed in the various circuits in addition to check valves. Furthermore, in all embodiments, a discharge device for the dormant state disperse state storage means could be provided. This reduced the pressure in the storage tank.

In Fig. 3 and 4, a fourth embodiment of an energy storage is shown, in which the heat exchanger 41 is not mounted between a dispersion medium 42 and a heat carrier means 43 directly to the energy storage. In a container 44, a Speichermediusn 45 is filled. The storage medium is flowed through by the dispersion medium 42 and in a circuit in series through an upper line 46, a three-way valve 47, an expansion valve 48, an energy absorber 49, another three-way valve 50, a compressor 51 and two other three-way valves 52, 53 zuiTi energy storage 40 out , To the two three-way valves 52, 53 of the heat exchanger 41 is connected, to which the heat transfer medium circuit 43 is indicated.

- 25 -

With reference to FIG. 3, in the corresponding position of the solenoid valves 47, 50, 52, 53, the charge of the energy store 40 is to be shown. Coming from the energy storage flows liquid dispersion medium in the line

45 to the expansion valve 48. After the expansion valve

48 relaxes the dispersant and takes 49 energy from the downstream energy absorber. The energy absorber 49 could be, for example, a solar collector or an energetic heat storage.

In the following compressor 51, the dispersing means 42 is compressed and supplied to the energy store 40 as hot gas. Here it flows through the storage membrane, releasing energy which is stored in latent heat in the storage medium 45 in fons. The dispersion medium circuit is introduced and maintained here by the compressor 51.

The discharge process will now be described with reference to FIG. 4. The three-way valves 47, 50 are connected so that the expansion valve 48 and the energy absorber

49 are separated and there is a direct connection between the valves 47, 50 · Further, the three-way valves 52, 53 are switched so that the dispersion medium 42 is passed through the heat exchanger 41. The compressor 51 sucks from the energy store 40 via the line

46 warm Dispersionsraitteldampf on. After the compressor, which acts essentially as a pump, the dispersant passes either liquid or hot gas, depending on the design of the circuit, through the heat exchanger 41 and there gives heat, partly by its cooling, in part in the condensation as heat of vaporization, to the heat carrier 46 from. When the dispersant 42 enters the storage medium 45, the dispersant should again be liquid so that the evaporation process of the dispersion medium 42 is ensured in the storage medium 45

- 26 -

and thereby a Wännetransport in the dispersant via the heat of vaporization takes place. Ura to obtain the appropriate physical conditions for the liquefaction of the dispersant, it may be necessary, after the heat exchanger 41 nor an expansion valve (in Fig. 4 indicated by reference numeral 54) provided.

The circulation of the dispersant 42 is also maintained by the compressor 51 here. It is essential that, similar to the auxiliary pumping devices of the first two execution farms, only the inert dispersion medium 42 must be umgeρurapt and not the most aggressive Speichennediura. Here, too, could be Durckminde- rer used to maintain a constant pressure and regulating or control valves for power control.

An essential improvement and embodiment of this embodiment is seen in the fact that the loading and unloading of an energy storage takes place in direct coupling with a Kooipressionsraaschine, which is traversed by the dispersion medium> wherein the storage medium serves as a condenser or as an evaporator. In this Wärraepurapenanordnung eliminates an otherwise required heat exchanger between WärmepuEipenkreis and memory circuit.

FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of an energy accumulator, which is constructed similarly to the second embodiment shown in FIG. However, the heat exchanger between the dispersion medium and the Wärraeträgerraittel is not housed here in a double-walled container, but is located externally and is connected via lines * In a container 55, a storage chamber 58 is introduced, which is flowed through by a dispersion medium 57. The dispersant 57 undergoes a

- 27 -

Circulation from the container 55 through a line 58 to a not connected to the container 55 external heat exchanger 59, to which a heat transfer medium circuit 60 is connected. From the heat exchanger 59, the dispersion medium 57 is guided in a further line 61 back to the container 55 and flows from below in a standpipe 62, which branches into two dip tubes 63, 65 in the storage medium 56th

This energy storage works as well as the energy storage 23 shown in Fig. 2 »The statements made there to form a Disperionsmittelkreislaufs apply here. However, as shown here, it may be advantageous to use external, commercial or already existing heat exchangers.

FIG. 6 shows an energy store 65 which corresponds in its upper part to the energy store 1 shown in FIG. However, the dispersion medium circuit in the coil 11 shown there is guided here in a conduit 66 to the outside to a further heat exchanger 67 and from there back to a standpipe 68. In this fifth embodiment of an energy storage 65 thus the dispersion medium circuit through two (or more) heat exchanger guided in cascade, wherein the heat exchangers belonging to the heat transfer medium circuits can be connected independently or with each other. A similar cascade connection with integrated or external heat exchangers can also be made in the aforementioned embodiments. «

In summary, it is found that in an energy storage device for storing latent heat, a medium flowing through the storage medium is provided, which produces a direct exchange of water with the storage medium.

- 28 -

chermedium with absorption or release of latent heat stored in the dispersion medium, a good mixing of the storage medium and also enables a compact and space-saving design of an energy storage *

- 29 -

Claims (10)

invention claim 1. Energy storage for storing latent heat, in which in a container a chemically reactive storage medium or a storage medium is introduced with a phase change of a certain Reaktionssteraperatur, and the storage medium is flowed through by a heat transfer medium during loading and unloading of the Speichermediuras, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is a dispersion medium (22; 39; 42; 57) in which the spoke medium (5; 32; 45; 56) is distributed such that the dispersion medium (22; 39; 42; 57) is in contact with the storage niche (5; 32; 45; 56) is chemically unreactive in that the dilution toneraturation of the dispersant (22; 39; 42; 57) is less than or equal to the reaction temperature of the storage medium (5; 32; 45; 56) such that at least a portion of the heat transport with the dispersion medium (22; 39; 42; 57) therein latent heat stored, and in that the dispersing means (22; 39; 42; 57) a heat exchanger (12; 27; 41; 59; 67) to to be led. 2. Energy storage according to item 1, characterized in that the container (2; 24, 25; 44; 55) is operable under pressure to equalize the reaction temperature and the thickening toner. 3. Energy store according to point 1 'or 2, characterized in that the dispersing means (22; 39; 42; 57) of internal or external heat transfer medium in a heat exchanger (12; 27; 41; 59; 67) between the dispersion means (22; 42; 57) and a heat transfer medium (S; 30; 43) of a supply system. - 30 - 4. Energy storage according to item 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the container (2) from an inner, with storage medium (5) filled container (3) and an outer with a Wärraeträgeriaittel (8) of a system cycle filled container (4) "and that the dispersion medium (22) is guided in a piping system which consists of at least one open-topped standpipe (13) in the inner container (3), the Eintrittsöffnjjng (14) above the level of the Speicherraediums (5), the lower Part of the standpipe (13) with a coil (11) between the outer and inner container (3, 4) is connected and the coil (11) ends in at least one dip tube (15 »16), which from above into the Speicherraedium ( 5) in the inner container (3) protrudes. 5 »energy storage according to one of the items 1 to 3, characterized in that the container consists of an inner with spoke miedium (32) filled container (24) and an outer container (25) that between the inner and outer container (24 , 25) (intermediate space 25), a pipe coil (27) through which a heat transfer medium (30) of a system circuit is mounted so that at least one standpipe (34) is provided in the storage medium (32) which connects to the intermediate space (26) at the bottom. has and at the top with at least one dip tube (35, 36) is connected, which protrudes from above into the storage medium (32) that the inner container (24) at its upper side above the level of the Speicherermediuras (32) bores (37 , 38) to the intermediate space (26) and that in the intermediate space (25) dispersing means (39) is located. - 31 - 6. Energy storage device according to one of the items 1 to 5, characterized in that in the lines or bores through which the dispersing means (22; 39; 42; 57) power regulating valves and / or non-return valves (20, 21; 33) are installed. 7. Energy storage according to one of the items 1 to 6, characterized in that a Abpurapeinrichtung for condensate or steam of the dispersion medium (22; 39; 42; 57) is provided. 8. Energy store according to one of the items 1 to 7, characterized in that a Unipumpeinrichtung for the dispersion medium (22; 39; 42; 57) is provided. 9. Energy storage device according to one of the items 1 to 8, characterized in that the storage medium (5; 32; 45; 56) is used in a connected to the energy storage heat and power circuit as a condenser or evaporator, wherein the division in- inner and outer container omitted. 10. Energy storage according to item 9, characterized in that an energy absorber (49) can be connected to the energy store (1; 23; 40; 65) for storage charging, that an expansion valve (48) is arranged between the energy absorber (49) and the dispersion medium outlet and that a compressor (51) is arranged between the energy absorber (49) and the dispersion medium inlet. 11. Energy storage according to item 9 or 10, characterized in that a compressor (51) and this downstream of a heat exchanger (41) connected between the dispersion medium (42) and the heat transfer medium to the energy storage (1; 23; 40; 43) of a system circuit can be connected. - 32 - 12. Energy storage device according to one of the items 1 to 11, characterized in that the heat exchanger (59, 67) is arranged separately and at a distance from the container (2; 24, 25; 44; 55) » 13. Energy storage according to one of the points 1 to 12 »gekannzeichnet characterized in that a plurality of heat exchangers (12; 27; 41; 59; 67) are connected in series. 14. Energy store according to one of the points 1 to 13, characterized in that a plurality of identical or different storage units with the same or different storage media are interconnected in a modular design · - For this 2 sheets drawings - - 33 -