DD158107A1 - CONDITIONING AGENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF KOHAESIVER DUST-BINDING CARVED CARBONATE SUBSTANCES - Google Patents

Abstract

The process relates to the production of spillable granular materials with permanent dust binding and cohesive properties. The object of the invention is achieved in that the koernigen substances which can have any moisture content, be treated with a dust-binding surface-active conditioner. The conditioner contains, in addition to fat or oil-like substances as a dust-binding component nor a mixture of surface-active surfactants and water. These surfactants also serve as emulsifier, Aufziehmittel and adhesion promoter and optionally as a solubilizer. The regulation of the breaking process of the conditioning agent takes place as a function of the interfacial activity of the toner and of the surfactant with saline solutions or similar additives which also simultaneously serve as antifreeze. In particular alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, alkylsulfonic acids and lower fatty acids are proposed as surface-active surfactants and as dust-binding component of the oil residue obtained in the hydrolysis of Friedel-Crafts catalysts.

Description

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Title of the. invention

Process for the preparation of cohesive dust-bound pourable granular substances

Application öpx invention

The invention relates to a method for producing pourable granular materials with permanent äläuubindung and cohesive properties that can be applied

- to prevent the formation of dust in the production, transport, processing of sands, gravels, other mineral aggregates, slags, etc.

- To reduce the development of dust and film formation on traffic surfaces z. B. on residential roads, parking lots, playing surfaces from mechanical stabilization u. like.

- To reduce the Entwiscnungsneigung korhabgestufter granular materials such. B. of mineral concrete

- To reduce the Verl & sen sensitivity of Unterbettungsschiohten under dynamically stressed components, eg. B. large composite panels of the streetcar, roadway panels made of precast concrete u u.

- to the Vexxingeyvns of wind erosion, z. B. in Erd- and V / asserbau

- To prevent Frocthebungen in loose rocks, z. I of crushed sands with increased fines content

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- as antifreeze measure for bulk solids, ζ. B. rock building materials, etc.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

In many sectors of the economy, dust formation is an unpleasant side-effect when handling granular materials. In stationary systems, the dust nuisance can be counteracted by appropriate exhaust systems. · More problematic is the dust control when the granular materials are outdoors and exposed to the elements.

For example, in earthworks and road construction, the dust nuisance is particularly unpleasant when products such as steelworks slag, waste incineration slag, coal slag, etc. are processed.

The simplest way to bind dust and ensure low cohesion in granular materials is by spraying water. However, the effect is quickly lost again due to the weather-related dehydration.

This is particularly clear on the example of the dune sands, which have a sufficiently high cohesion when wet, so that they can be traveled on with light vehicles, in the dry state, however, can already be shifted by the wind.

When using solutions of hygroscopic salts ^y , the rate of dehydration can be reduced compared to water. The hygroscopic salts are washed out by precipitation, so that z. B. in traffic surface fortifications from mechanical stabilization treatment with saline must be repeated regularly.

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Another option for dust retention is to use liquids that do not evaporate under the respective environmental conditions.

For example, wild in the natural stone industry on factory roads from chippings - crushed sand sulfite waste liquor sprayed.

For dust binding at blasting sand treatment with

2) Polyglycols u. ä. ^{- /}

Generally zui ¹ binding dust in granules and the use of mineral oil recommended "but that the Gekörn is dry

3)

mineral oil recommended » ' condition for this is

The use of conventional aqueous fat or oil emulsions is also in dei rule out of the question, since the dust-binding component does not aufbring on the grain surface and the dust only permanently bound under the condition when the water can evaporate.

Dust binding with such substances as sulphite waste liquor, polyglycols, mineral oils only makes sense for granular substances which are not exposed to the weather, as they are washed out of the material system by rain like the salt solutions and represent an environmental burden.

The use of aqueous Clemulsjonen or oil formulations with surface-active and the same adhesion-improving properties for permanent dust binding is not known.

Only in the so-called oil gravel used in road construction is a special cutting bitumen with adhesion promoter as a binder * 'Dai disadvantage of this method is that the processing must be in the v / poor state and the granular materials may only have a low moisture content.

For dust retention, ζ. As in grit is also an enclosure with hot bitumen made in road construction · - ^J This process is expensive, since the treatment in the hot mixing process must be carried out.

For the cold mixing process, it is known that cold bitumen, caustic tar or bitumen emulsions are suitable. The effect of permanent dust binding occurs here when the solvents have volatilized or the water has evaporated or repelled.

The use of bituminous bonding agents is generally only practicable if саз granules are further processed immediately, e.g. B: for the production of surface treatments in road construction, where it depends on the bonding of the entire grain and not only on the dust binding. Otherwise, lumps form which lead to difficulties in storage, during transport and further processing «

Recently, the use of surface-active surfactants as conditioning agents and adhesives is becoming increasingly prevalent. '

Their effect is based on their ability to grow on a wide variety of substances even with the smallest amounts and to almost completely displace the water present on the surface. However, their sole application does not lead to dust binding, but promotes dehydration and thus dust binding.

Dust does not only have disadvantages. For example, it reduces the segregation of grain-graded granular substances in the wet state and the displacement sensitivity of dynamically stressed beds. For this reason, a minimum content of fines below 0.2 mm is required for such grain mixtures.

On the other hand, if this proportion of Fe'inkorn exceeds a certain maximum value, then arise frost heaves, the z. B.

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In road construction lead to carrying oats. This phenomenon is especially obvious in the natural stone industry.

If it is possible to bind the fine grain content permanently to the coarse grain, then the risk of Eislinsenbildung is reduced as the cause of frost damage and at the same time ensures the necessary for the reduction of segregation and shift sensitivity cohesion of grained.

This goal is pursued, for example, in chemical soil stabilization. Synthetic resins, monomials, are used in this process

7/8 ") and other organic binder for use. ^J

Due to the high cost of these binders, chemical soil stabilization has so far been limited to special cases. Externc leads the application of known chemicals usually ν bitumen for bonding the entire grain, so that the Schüttfe ability is lost.

The fine grain content below 0.2 mm also determines the moisture content and thus the strength of frozen soy goods. To be able to handle such bulk materials in the winter, are as antifreeze alkaline earth or organic products, wio alcohols, glycols, urea and the like

 added. At höbexera fine grain content and lower temperatures, however, their effect is lost very quickly.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is a process for the production of pourable granular materials with permanent dust binding and kohäsi \ properties Kdltrolschverfahren, which can be stored well in the dry season and in the winter when Frosteinwirkung transport and can be processed without a dust nuisance, Schmierbildbilduag, segregation and Lump formation and for attachment of traffic areas or wind erosion

set surfaces as well as frost-proof, dynamically stressed Unterbettungsschichten are suitable.

Essence of the invention

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the granular materials are mixed cold at any moisture content with a dust-binding surface-active conditioning, preferably saturated fats, long-chain fatty acid esters and / or aliphatic hydrocarbons and a mixture of surface-active surfactants, which act as emulsifier, Aufziehmittel and adhesion promoters , if necessary Lösungsvermittlei 'and water containing, which are to be pretreated for the regulation of the breaking process of the conditioning and as "antifreeze measure the granular substances depending on the interfacial activity of the grain and the surfactant with salt solutions or similar acting additives.

The treated granular materials are permanently dust-bound for a long time, weather-resistant, resistant to acids and alkalis, free-flowing, have good cohesive properties, can be stored without the known difficulties, transport and at the same time process further.

The erfindungsgeraäße method is inexpensive, since it is feasible without great technical effort with the conventional cold mixing technology with less energy and in winter. In addition, secondary raw materials can be used as the dust-binding component.

It is characterized by the fact that the dust binding compared to the known methods is incomparably more intense and is not canceled by weathering.

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Exemplary embodiments Example 1

Granular material: Steelwork slag 0/2 mm to 0/32 mm with one

Dust content below 0.2 mm from 0 to 20% by mass and any moisture content. Instead of steelworks slag, mineral concrete from natural stone chippings and crushed sand can also be used.

pretreatment:

conditioning:

In the granular material 1 to 5 mass # technical MgCIp- or CaClp solution are mixed und'als antifreeze (15 follow solution) to regulate the crushing process of the conditioning agent.

From 40 to 90% by weight of oil residue resulting from the hydrolysis of Friedel-Crafts catalysts. 1 to 5% by mass of lower acid as dust-binding component, 1 to 5% by mass & alkylbenzenesulfonic acid as surfactant mixture and up to mass $ water as diluent and to reduce the fire hazard class.

Mixing Procedure:

The conditioner is mixed in a mixer intensively with the pretreated granular material until the emulsion is broken and the conditioning agent is completely applied to the granules. The mixing process is complete when the cleared water is clear.

Depending on the water content of the conditioning agent and the specific surface of the dust content, the ratio of required

addition rate of the conditioning agent to the fine grain quantity below 0.2 mm 1 J 1.5 to 1: 4 «

With Siemens Martin slag 0/32 mm, for example, with 2.5 Я CaCl ₂ solution Ci5%) as a pretreatment and 3.5 # conditioning agent C55 # Ölrüokstand, 5 * DF acid, 5 # Rodapon S, 35% Water) of the fine grain fraction below 0.2 mm from 7% to 0.15 % and the compressive strength of the - 15 ⁰ C frozen compacted

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Soulacke be reduced from 8.7 N / mm to 1.3 N / mm. The inventive method is a much more effective antifreeze measure than the conventional salt treatment, in the comparatively at a Salazugabe of 2.5 % CaCl ₀ solution a

2 compressive strength of 6.5 N / ram was determined.

Application:

The treated granular material can be used for the attachment of farm roads, residential roads, parking lots, play areas, storage areas, pedestrian and cycle paths as well as Unterbettungssohicht under large composite panels of the tram, road plates made of precast concrete etc _e .

Example 2:

Grainy fabric: coarse sands

Pretreatment: The equal-grained sand is treated with MgClp or

Sprayed CaClp solution

Conditioning see Example 1, wherein instead of Olrück ^me 'estate a mixture of contaminated waste fats and oils and as a solubilizer ethylene chloride was applied.

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Mixing methods:

The conditioning agent is sprayed onto the pretreated granular material and, if necessary, mixed in with bottom milling until the crushing process is complete.

Application:

The treated granular material serves as an upper protective layer on areas exposed to V / x erosion, e.g. As in embankments in Vexkehrsbau or as a slope protection layer in earthworks and hydraulic engineering »

Claims (3)

32 2 invention claim Process for the preparation of pourable granular materials with permanent dust binding and cohesive properties, characterized in that the granular substances are treated at any moisture content with a dust-binding surface-active conditioning, which fat or oil-like substances as a dust-binding component, a mixture of surface-active surfactants, which at the same time Emulsifier, Aufziehmittel and adhesion promoters act and if necessary * solubilizers and water contains, to regulate the breaking process of the conditioning agent and as antifreeze, the granular substances depending on the Grenzflächen- 'activity of the grain and the surfactant with salt solutions odex acting similarly additives. 2. The method according to item 1, characterized in that alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, alkylsulfonic acids or lower aliphatic ^ fatty acids are used individually or in admixture as surface-active surfactant. 3 «method according to item 1, characterized in that wixd used as dust-binding component of the encrusted in the hydrolysis of Friedel-Crafts catalysts oil residue.