DD156011A5 - IMPROVED PROCESS FOR SAFE AND UNDERGROUND STORAGE OF CRYOGENIC PRODUCTS AND CORRESPONDING STORAGE PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for the underground storage of extremely cold products in a storage room at a temperature which differs from the natural temperature of the environment of the aforementioned storage room. The aim of the invention is to store products at temperatures significantly deviating from the ambient temperature at economically justifiable costs over a long period of time and to avoid environmental damage. The object of the invention is to limit the storage losses on the avoidable measure to detect leaks in the storage room in time and seal and leaked from the storage room products back again. This is achieved essentially by the fact that a horizontal, cylindrical, underground storage space is surrounded by circulation systems and the flow medium brings about a heat exchange with the walls of the storage space.

Description

Berlin, the 29th б. 1979 AP)? 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

Process for the storage of cryogenic products

The invention relates to the safe underground storage of kaltc.u and hot products. In particular, the invention includes a method and apparatus for underground storage of extraneous, cold products at a temperature that is different from the natural temperature of the surrounding y / andu; the soil and the ceiling are neglected, / invendun ^ s ^ offer the eggfittuunt; rrind dio underground logo-гш: _ч '^;; beiupielcweiGc ago; ІУіітзі ^ ѵл ^ condense natural gas, nyiithevicr-hv-m "Taturgao" pctrolcheiiii ^ clicn products, industrial gases and steam:!: ' _O

Charaktor'-f ßt. Der der der der der of the technical

In this case, great iengon of PliiGsi {: cciten nit li ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^. Erdcchz rushed, and stored in poröfjen (iestciücchicJiten Here, substantial Vc rl υ Ε resulted .; te of the stored products, l / P uitere oblc.V:;..!.? O .stellten Oj с iiberr ;; ^': SSIG grof'en V / armcYOj '] v'Mto ₅ and. dia Szh \'< ^: X аѵк ^ \ e.b, e'Lv.e β en i'gчшс'е ш.с-ітіѵп ^, to _{сггзіо'1вг} м represents Біо T ^ / gcyr ;; - ν g cn Riu _^r;:.?..;: 'k'; itc.v -Lu \ η Ui'oxrdi waves camps?

Berlin, 29. 6. 1979 AP Б 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

210 8 5

- 2 · **

at temperatures in the range of -40 ⁰ C to ~ 5O C takes place for some time to a greater extent, the aforementioned difficulties do not occur to a large extent. Problems have hitherto arisen in the underground storage of condensed natural gas and synthetic natural gas, as well as in cryogenic liquefied products, such as jithane, ethylene and petrochemical products, since storage must take place at very low temperatures and at the required atmospheric pressures, resulting in excessively large refrigeration volumes. The main cause of these heat losses is the increased contraction caused by the low product temperature and the consequent continued destruction of the subterranean rock. As a result, there is an increasing loss of product over time, as the product stored in it continues to grow the rock penetrates. At the same time, the stored product heats up more and more. The resulting increased bite sublimation rate also destroys the sealability of the environment and thus also the possibly existing insulating layer in the storage room »

It is also known that extreme cold products _t be stored in an underground "horizontal cylindrical storage room at a temperature that is different from the natural temperature of the environment Dsr storage area is surrounded by a cycle ay stem" The i'lioßmedium ir, this Circulation system allows for a heat exhaust with the walls of the storage room,

An excessive cracking in the subterranean building material, the possibility of alteration of the V / ansorö and the genesis of

Berlin, 29, 6, 1979 ΛΡ 15 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

2 10 8 5 0 - 3 -

Leaks are the most frequent deficiencies that occur with this type of storage. "The extremely low temperatures have a significant effect on the initial distribution of water in this environment, which causes problems, sero-disturbance or deterioration in the quality of storage Insufficient insulation, displacement of the surrounding masses of the earth, break-ups in the earthquake, may occur in the storage room due to the low thermal conductivity of the soil, before the desired temperatures begin to set in the storeroom after prolonged use zv. recognize ,

The well-known state of Teclmik does not take these problems into account, so that at the present time there is no lucrative underground campanlogo la la la laata.

The object of the invention is to safely store kryogono products in the oter-k of the transient / tuberculosis-inducing tenroerattirim under economically tolerable conditions for a long time, and for a long time to store them, and to inhibit them to Tur ^ oidcm ,,

6.CiJ V / - °; Γ; Π ^ρ ί U.CO? ΙΓ'ί '

Object of the invention let cw? Ъоі the liagei'ursg of cryogenic products Wärmovörluatü and Vr: rlur.ri; o of the stored product to a ο β uavennoidbcriis hatred ^r z ^ \\ bs olrüänken and auftroterse'en dor during storage UrKlichiigkeitcn In the storage room rechtaei. tig entclcclvcvi UTID beoeitifjcn: iu ^к: .5; шс.п that has emerged from the stockroom Produ'cto v i '"represents2; \ rrüGkgc \ vinnbar ^are!

Berlin, 29, б, 1979 AP В 21 F / 210 050 GZ 55 009 26

10 8 5Q "

and by means of circulatory systems in the surrounding outer wall temperature barriers are established to reduce the sublimation of water from the environment and to prevent damage to the storage space insulation.

The erfindungsgomaße method is characterized in that an inner first circulatory system is provided, which surrounds said storage space, with or without insulation, on the outside, the circulatory system consists of a plurality of regularly around the storage space and near the surface distributed boreholes, these boreholes preferably run between a first inner circulatory system and surrounding tunnels, these tunnels are hollowed parallel to the axis of the storage space and the circulatory system, the tunnels and the bores together enclose and surround the storage space, at a distance from the storage space on the outside in a functioning relation to the first inner circulation system is comprised of one, a plurality of regularly distributed boreholes, the bores being drilled between a second outer circulation system and tunnels, these tunnels parallel to the axis of the storage space and together with the latter wells enclosing the storage space and the inner circulation system, into the first inner circulation system is introduced a circulating Y / poor exchange medium which exchanges heat between the circulation circulation medium and the environment around the first inner circulation system, and the second outer circulation system introduces a circulating V / ärmeaustauBchmediura, the heat between the circulating medium and the environment of the second external circulatory system exchanges, is introduced, and by heat exchange between the environment of the first inner cycle

Berlin »the 29. 6 * 1979 AP В 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 2S

21О8Ьо - 5 -

systematically maintaining the walls, floor and roof of the storage room at a predetermined temperature above the temperature of the stored liquid to create a temperature barrier enclosing the storage space; the degree of egg в sublimation urn around the storage space to reduce characterized in that one or both circulation systems below 0 C are operated when the kryogcjne stored in the storage space liquid is lower at a temperature of 0 ⁰ C; keeping said temperature barrier and storage space at a higher level than the temperature of the cryogenic liquid; absorb and remove sublimated steam from Exe and Waaser in the area around the first inner circulation system through the heat exchange and drying medium in the inner circulation system; to cool the environment of the outer circulation system by circulating with a gas, preferably with cool air, introduced into the system during an initial period of time and replaced with other cool gases during an even later period, if necessary, the temperature of which Cooling media are below 0 C to form a frozen zone around the outer Kreisln.ufayrjtem »whereby the freezing of deaerate in the rock and in the ГШЬе dee genaimton storeroom area.ee and thus around the outer circulatory system around, at the same time on the IU; and the level de. Tempature gradients are applied around the storage room in a gOY / in- ^one manner, thereby stopping a rush of meat in the direction of the environment from the environment and maintaining the natural impermeability of the fecal matter,

It is advantageous if we have a drying c-nediura in the first inner Ki ^; e: Lnjaufsyote; n еіщуо leads v / ird to nublimate V / asscrdarapf, available Ѵ / аіззег odor "- Li; - to ontfex'iien».

Berlin, 29, 6. 1979 AP E 21 J? / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

21035Q ~ ^б ~

A further embodiment is to see that a drying medium is introduced into the second external circulation system to remove inflowing water vapor, ice or water,

It is recommended that when the internal and external circulatory systems are over-pressurized, the environment of the storage room should be sealed by distributing sealing material into the system.

It is desirable that by adjusting the operating pressures in the storage space in the inner and outer circulation systems, a diffusion carrier gas present as Warneausiauschmedium in the inner cycle system and the storage room to give a sufficient overpressure in relation to the gas pressure in the outer circulation system, a Pressure gradient between the storage space, the inner and outer circulatory system is formed to allow the diffusion carrier gas au to flow at a sufficient speed to overcome the speed of Wsöerdampfraolcküle moving in the opposite direction to the mentioned Trägcrgas, with the purpose V / asser to remove the diffusion carrier gas from the outer circuit system to the inner circulation system or storage room, or both, after the product or products leaked out of the gas e were removed.

Another feature of the invention is to be seen when a fluid is introduced into the circulatory system as circulatory fluid,

should as Krei.ε Laufmedium a gas »like

, Berlin, June 29, 1971) APE 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 00У 26

one of the group nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, hydrogen or a mixture of these are introduced into the circulatory system.

According to the invention it is also _f if a circulation medium, the water from the environment; the circulation system is introduced into the circulation system ",

Ee is recommended to distribute a substance into the circulatory system and its environment using the circulatory modus.

Another feature of the invention is that the circulatory systems are leak-tested from the storage space into the respective syringes ω turbidities.

In addition, it has proven to be advantageous if the stored cryogenic fluid, which has leaked into the circulation medium in the circulatory system, is recovered by absorption, adsorption or condensation,

Eb recommends that a heat exchange be made between the circulatory sys- tems in the primary, circulatory, circulatory system.

Vortcilhafterweiso б.іѳ Uugebungen the rospektiven Kreislaufoycteme should be cooled below normal · Estriebstcmperatur to the giant in the surrounding storage space Felsenformationon su open UUED to Dichirangcnateri al in the ^ cindo, ine j) oh and пев into the ground and into the surfaces Lsgerraunes , дл: з іплезгеп besiehungiiiv-JöiüO outer Kreislaufoyatems au іп; _{ііяіогсп} е

Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP. E 21 F / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

21085ο

It is also advisable that sealing material be injected into the storage compartment walls and into the environment of the circulatory systems, and this material in contact with. the stored liquid swells. It is also noteworthy when sealing material is injected into the storage room and its surroundings, which swells on contact with water. The storage room can also be used as evaporation space for the gelagerbe liquid v / earth. The stored cryogenic liquid is useful as a heat exchange medium for the vaporization of the stored liquid. It is advantageous if a pressure gradient is provided to remove water, water and water from the storage space and its surroundings through a carrier gas 5U.

The aim should be that auxiliary tunnels are provided in different parallel directions around the storage space to form the outer cycle system; a plurality of regularly distributed wells are passed between the tunnels to connect the storage room and the circulatory system; to cool the environment of the storage room to form a shielding and sealing zone against inflowing water; to use the dry medium in the outer cycle system to remove water, bis and water vapor from the environment of the circulatory system or to drill auxiliary tunnels in different parallel directions around the storage space to bijter the inner circulation runner; a plurality of regularly distributed boreholes are provided between said tunnels to enclose the storage space, to supply heat to the recycle gas of the internal circulation system to prevent the temperature of the circulatory environment from falling below a predetermined value.

Berlin, June 29, 1973 AP B 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

2 10 8 5 0

It is recommended that the underground storage facility be built in concrete and laid in a rock formation or formation of loose material such as sand, mud, etc. »

The device according to the invention is characterized in that the products are stored in a storage room built of rock or concrete laid in the rock or in a surrounding of loose material, in which two vino-exchanging circulation systems surrounding the storage space are used; The first inner circulatory system surrounded by a second outer circulatory system int, each circulatory system consists of a plurality of parallel and regularly diötribuicrtcr cavities _t the cavities of the inner circulatory system adjacent to the storage room drilled in Pelsen material or poured into concrete віпсі, and when drilled in rocks, in it Preferably, consisting of a system of tunnels surrounding the storage room, the axes of these tunnels are arranged parallel to the left side of the storeroom, the cavities of the outer circumferential circuit consist of a system of boreholes, and auxiliary tunnels, the axes of which Tunnels and КоЫ,] ^і с '\ шіе tunnels run parallel to each other along the axis of the storeroom, and enclosing the inner circulatory system; the internal circulatory system contains a medium which serves for the introduction and removal of substances and water from circulation by circulatory system-associated refining and refining equipment and other technical aids, as well as for the removal of storage room products; Lecküberwaclmngsmitte]. ., To uncovered cryogenic product, since it has gotten into КгсізіаггГГsys lew , discover, with indication с-i, analytically working odor

Berlin, the 29th б. 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

Pressure differences between the storage room and the inner and outer circulatory system sensitive to react; Means to create a pressure differential in the direction from the storage space to the outer circulation system to keep carrier fluid in motion against the outer circulation system, to remove any existing water and vapor in the area between the storage space and the outer circulation system, then, diffused refined carrier fluid is returned from the outer circulatory system to the inner circulatory system or storage; the external circulation system comprises a circulation medium for importing and removing substances and water from the circulatory system through drainage and refining equipment and other engineering equipment connected to the system, this circulatory system providing a frozen zone around the storage space by cooling the environment causes.

Advantageously, it is to be understood that the circulating medium in the circulatory system consists of a gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or hydrocarbons or a mixture of such gases. "

Also erfindungsgesnäß it is that the Kreialaufmedium in the circulatory system consists of a liquid,

See also % в b ti χ ρ, 1 ie 1

The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. "

Berlin, the 29th б. 1979 АГ E 21 Р / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

0 - 11 -

Fig. 1 is a schematic before illustration of how water is drained into the storage room with the result that a depression of the groundwater level pi is created;

Pig "2: corresponds substantially to the illustration of Figure 1, wherein here is an annular cooling zone horumgeicgt with horizontally laid freezing around the storage room.

Pig. Fig. 3 is a graph of the water vapor pressure over the water with respect to the curve a and over the ice with respect to the curve b;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic cross-section to illustrate the movement of the sublimated eggs with respect to the storage space and the supply of liquid water from the ice rings;

Pig. 5 J a Schemadarotelliiti,?. for reproducing the pumping action ej.nos dry or Kaltgasstromec;

Fig. 6: a praiparatolling to clarify the effect of the porosity of a pouching separator above the storage space;

Fig. 7 is a front view of the application of a thermal barrier and its effect on vapor evaporation;

Pig, 8: a Kiagraiimnchenu 2, u: - · lllußtraiion distribution dec.. _'1 .'ar: ^BOi> dai, ⁱ .pf; li ^i' ihi iiüke.s Spclchürbereich after

Berlin, 29th 6th 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

Freezing the outer zone, thus producing a Sisabschirmung, wherein no dry gas is used and wherein the solid line represents the conditions prior to filling the cryogenic liquid, while the dashed line shows the current water vapor pressure short time after the start of the procedure in the cryogenic storage space;

FIG. 9i shows a schematic diagram for the demonstration of the temperatures, corresponding to the representation and the data according to FIG. 8 *, FIG.

10 shows a schematic dieogram of the distribution of the water vapor pressures in the time after the start, that is to say after a dry gas according to FIG. 8 is used;

11 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of water vapor pressures after the start of the process using the diffusion principle for the introduction of a carrier gas into the internal circulation system and removal of the gas from the external circulation system;

Fig. 12s is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of a slight vacuum in the circulatory system to the pressure within the storage room as part of a gaseous product with the possibility of leak detection;

Berlin, 29th, 6th 1979 ΛΡ E 21 P / 210 85ü GZ 55 009 26

Pig ". FIG. 13: a schematic illustration to illustrate the effect of the pressure drop that occurs when a break in the storage room occurs and a seal must be made;

Pig is a schematic, vertical section through a horizontal, cylindrical, underground storage room with a plurality of boreholes for the circulatory system, which are drilled in the peripheral area around the bearing, here in the embodiment by Pe lagerstein;

Pig »15: a schematic, vertical section through a horizontal _}; cylindrical, underground storage space, corresponding to Pig «1, in which a plurality of circulation channels are arranged between the actual Pelevtänd and the inner, insulating wall of the storage space Bind;

Pig · Ι6ί a perspective reproduction of a Doppelkreis-1aufsystems an underground storage room with auxiliary tunnel, showing additional drillings, the dos zvv 'ei to specify except circulatory system, and

Fig. 17 is a schematic, vertical sectional view of the two circulatory systems for the storage room, with the boreholes of the two circulatory systems being perpendicular to the axis of the lagoon, "

Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

-H-

Fig. 1 shows what happens when no sealing measures have been taken to prevent water trapped in the rock 7 from draining into the underground cavern during construction. At the excavation, trapped water 4 will drain from the top rock into the storage room 10. The water table of the groundwater level below the surface of the earth 1 pours into the building site via a sink 5 of the water level «

Large cracks in the rock are best sealed by cement injection. Other giants can be used advantageously and initially by low pressure injection, e.g. B. epoxy resins at about 3 kp / cm, are closed, followed by injection at up to 100 kp / cm later. However, high injection pressures at the beginning can cause considerable damage, so the quality of the rock should first be improved by sticking together the cracks at low pressure.

Assuming that an injection with epoxy resins will not suffice, the freezing of an annular area B shaped like a horizontal cylinder and, as shown in Fig. 2, by freezing tubes 6, provides for retention of residual drainage into the storage room 10, simultaneously this provides the further important advantage of reducing the hydrogen vapor pressure in the annular region B, thereby reducing the slope of the water vapor pressure drop between the annular region B and the storage space 10, simultaneously with the corresponding temperature gradient. The water can no longer pass through the water gaps 3 from region A through the annular region B into the region. Push C in. The trapped water 7 can be placed in the auogehobe-

Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

2 1085o " ¹⁵ ~

If the injection of epoxy resins or cement has not been sufficient, the temperature in the area B is below 0 C, but not below 0 ⁰ G, so that the rock is split or unnecessary tension is created. Typically, the temperature in the subterranean environment is usually about 8G to 10C. It is apparent that if water is retained in the interstices, cracks, pores, and crevices around the storage room, it will make the environment more dense, less permeable, especially designed for gases, and makes it less likely that outgoing gases of the product can reach the external environment »

Water can migrate not only in liquid form into rocks, but also in the form of water vapor, water vapor moves in accordance with physical laws in the direction of the lowest water vapor pressures, d, h, after the coldest areas, unless the WaBserdampfdruck is not controlled by other means becomes.

Specifically, water vapor is overdoped from a warmer region or medium to a colder surface. Water vapor from areas of higher water vapor pressure migrates to areas where water vapor pressures are lower. Eic can thus move from one area to another as sublimation (vaporization) and precipitate on ice in another area where the temperature of the ice is even lower. "Dias is exactly what has happened in all subterranean cryogenic storages so far is and causes significant damage ,. Moisture seeped through the rock against the storeroom and is not only at the low-jgen temperature of the insulation dca storeroom in

Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP E 21 F / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

Contact has come and adversely affected their valuable insulation properties, but the water vapor also penetrated through the insulation to an internal liquid barrier, the lower temperature of the storage room brought the water outside the barrier to freeze. The ice formed in this way undesirably permeates the inner liquid barrier. The ice crystals exert significant pressure, which in the past has led to destruction of the insulation,

So far it has been assumed that the water vapor has been saturated, i. h., the maximum vapor pressure is reached at a certain temperature. However, this is by no means always certain and may change during storage operation. Of course, if there is not enough water, the maximum vapor pressure can not develop. The difference in water vapor pressure between two areas can be interpreted as a driving force and proportional to the extent to which the migration is going on. As will be seen below, saturated water vapor pressures can be reduced artificially by dry or diffusion processes by simply removing water vapor from the space in question.

It goes without saying that by operation below 0 C, the drainage problem is practically solved. The annular region B ensures against the storage room 10 a protection against incoming V / asser, at the same time he performs a sealing task and sets the degree of diffusion of water vapor in the direction of the storage room down.

Berlin, the 29th б. 1979 AT В 21 F / 210 850 GZ 5 '} 009 26

In Pig * 3, the water vapor pressure is plotted over йіз and water. As can be seen, "water vapor pressures decrease rapidly with temperature, and the pressure drop can be interpreted to be approximately proportional to the water vapor moving between two different regions, assuming a saturated state.

As shown in Fig. 4, water 8 tends to move from the region A toward the annular region B because the water vapor pressure in the annular region B, which is frozen, is lower. Except that the water vapor in the region A is saturated, the temperature gradient of the moving water vapor will mean that water precipitates later in the vicinity or in the annular region B ice during the movement. This explains the formation of large ice rings around many cryogenic tanks, which has often led to rockfalls and the destruction of steel and concrete tanks.

The sublimated ice 9 in the annular region B tends by sublimation to migrate towards an even colder area with an even lower i.a.aasordamp f pressure _f namely area 0 in FIG. 4, near the storage space 10 said Bewegungspro ζ ΰί3 must be avoided in the practical systems, Jo is the lower the temperature in the annular region B, -je lower the degree asserdampfdiffusion from the annular region B from the region C to the Y / will be. The low temperature in annular area B works. in accordance with an ohmic resistance,

The presence of the cold surface acts like a pump, whereby the aeration moves from one area to another

Berlin, 29, 6. 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

is and is accumulated around the coldest area. When a gas is not saturated with water, it can absorb water from the environment until it becomes saturated. A dry one

Gas stream 26 could be used to pump out water entering from a lake through a porous rock 28 (Figure 5). When the dry gas stream 26 is saturated, it can no longer absorb moisture, but when it eats cold, by lowering the temperature and corresponding water vapor pressure, it can cause water to migrate out of the lake 27 through the porous rock Removing with an extremely dry gas stream was one of the important functions that the internal circulation system had to fulfill in the teaching of the present invention. Figure 6 illustrates a drawn water vapor curve 29 along the route and abscissa χ from the center line с of the storage room, where well 22 is one of a plurality of horizontal wells in the inner circulation system around the cryogenic storage room. Moisture will not continue to change to about moisture trap 30,

In Fig. 7, reference is made to the introduction of a temperature barrier around a wellbore 22 in an internal circulation system, the graph representing three temperature points (T ^; Ϊ2 ?T~) at three different distances χ from the centerline с and where 0C ₁ ; oC ₂ » ⁰ Cj are three theoretical angles representing three theoretical temperature gradients to indicate their indicated effect on the water vapor movement. The changes in temperature gradients not only affect the water vapor pressures in the area, but also the degree of water vapor movement. T * denotes the temperature of the stored liquid (the insulation

Berlin, the 29th б. 1979 'AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

is not shown), T ₀ means the temperature of the temperature barrier and To the temperature of the outside environment. Of course, insulation is used in practice.

When the annular region B in Pig. 4 is generated by circulation of a gas flow through the freezing tubes б, the moisture of the stream must be monitored. Reduction of the temperature in the annular region B may, with reference to the above, cause water vapor to precipitate as ice in this region, when. Water vapor from the outer area A. moves against area B. When ice begins to accumulate in the annular region B, "a sufficient drying capacity must be given to the drying gas in the freezing tubes 6. On the other hand, unnecessary and exaggerated drying of the external environment is expensive and, as mentioned above, can lead to rockfalls and earth shifts when large amounts of water are moved. The freezing process in the annular region B releases additional strong forces, and if moisture from the external environment is not replaced, the risk of increased permeability increases.

Thus, it can be seen that two parallel circulatory systems, an inner and an outer system, allow complete control and optimal operation, in particular, as the two systems can not only exchange heat, but can be regulated on the same side, to achieve cooperation ( Pig * 9) · While the inner circulation byte requires 24 supply of heat in order to establish a temperature barrier at a satisfactory level, the outer circulation system 25 requires the removal of V / arms,

Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 oo9 26

to create the outer ice zone, as a protective shield or screen, to solve the drainage problem and to limit the amount of water vapor traveling against the storage room. "This heat exchange, if not exploited elsewhere, is a clear technical and economic advantage.

In Figs. 8 and 9, water vapor pressures and temperatures along the distance χ from the storage room center line с are drawn; representing two operating situations with respect to five points and applying approximate values, and assuming that the temperature of the environment at E in the region is 8 ⁰ C to 10 ⁰ C. The continuous line corresponds to the position after the annular region B in FIG. 1 has frozen, but before removal of water from the rock has taken place, apart from the migration of water which inevitably takes place upon freezing of the annular region B. Dashed lines represent the situation a moment after the start and drying of the rock wall again. The amount of moisture represented by the area AB DDD ¹ C'B Ά over time becomes the storage room wall and. their isolation can be achieved if no additional water removal measures are taken, but the rate at which water vapor leaves the area around the outer circulation system 25 depends on their temperature and is indexed by the Waaerstampfdrücken at BC and the temperature of the inner circulation system affected. By discussing various factors, one can get a good idea of the process, taking into account that the aforementioned extremely slow temperature changes, which take years to reach equilibrium, with the equilibria between a very large number of elements,

Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

~ 21 -

more or less densely connected, connected. However, the extremely low vapor pressures prevailing in and around the storeroom will be the determining factors. "Experience has also shown that water vapor from the environment is known as ice on the storeroom walls or on the walls of the Inground Container ". In such cases, especially at low temperatures, when a noticeable temperature contraction occurs as well, rocks will fall into the storeroom, destroying the foundations of the "inground" containers. For this reason, a dry function has been assigned to the inner cycle system 24 to prevent water from reaching the storage room sands, causing damage to the insulation, etc. "Pig. FIG. 10 illustrates how the moisture, coming from the environment or region of the outer circulatory system 25, is affected at the location to move around the very dry area around the inner circulation system 24. Such a "moisture trap" which traps moisture prevents operational fatigue, damage to the insulation and penetration of liquid jets. The drying yarn is produced by means of molecular sieves and other equipment.

Apart from temperatures, other parameters such as pressure, pressure can be used. с i day ha It, Ga s ζ us α x <\ me η rs о t ζ un g ν а г ii е г t or be i some l'Jivoau be set in each circulatory system, causing further pleasantries are outfitted Beyond the situation of boehmerrjehon and other interesting procedures.

Such an L-law is et al., With Auonut ^ img of a carrier

Berlin, 29th 6, 1379 AP Б 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 oo9 26

gases, to use the diffusion principle. Even though the rock has been sealed well, the driving force of the water vapor, indicated by the steep slope of the corresponding water vapor curve in Pig. 3 "to force the water vapor through the pores of Pelsen. If water vapor can diffuse through the material, then gases will do likewise. The driving force in the two cases is in principle not different, namely a pressure gradient. When such a gas, present in the storage room and in the inner circulation system, undergoes a carrier gas, a sufficient pressure drop, in the direction from the storage room to the inner circulation system 24 to the outer circulation system 25, the carrier gas receives an average speed exceeding that of the water vapor, and the carrier gas will therefore force the slower-moving water molecules into the outer circulation system 25 and prevent them from being able to return to the area again in the aforementioned manner. The carrier gas may be returned to the storage room 10 and / or the internal circulation system, or both, circulating such carrier gas. The carrier gas system would then form a third closed loop system including the use of a water removal equipment. As a rule, gas diffusion takes place at a speed of the order of one meter per hour or less. Diffusion rates are available in the literature, and diffusion rates can be readily determined or calculated. FIG. 11 illustrates the water vapor pressure situation in a rock wall after the Pelsen storage room wall has been dried, wherein carrier gas may circulate between the inner circulation system 24 and the outer circulation system 25. The velocity vectors should be self-

Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

1 0 8 5 0 - 23 -

to be honest.

Another use of different pressures in different parts of the storage room installation relates to the operational safety of such a storage facility. In contrast to the prior art, an external safety system has been proposed which operates at a lower pressure than the storage facility and, as follows, leached gases from the plurality of original storage systems attrahiert of cracks and other services being by thermal stress or perhaps by earthquakes, new cracks, even if, as regards the latter, earthquakes usually show no effect on underground facilities since the earthquake wave propagates at the surface. The principle of this safety system is illustrated in FIG. 12, where the use of only one inner circulation system as an external safety system is shown, where P indicates the existing pressure along the abscissa χ,> r = 0 is the location of the center line of the storage facility Pressure directions 31 of the flowing leaking gases and the general pressure direction 32 of the migrating water vapor mean.

It should be noted that the principle of using a weak negative pressure in the circulatory system in relation to the pressure in the bearing coincides with the idea of reconciling the principle of diffusion to vapor expansion. In both cases there is a pressure gradient from the storage space used in the direction of the outer Krciülau.fsysteiiis.

In this context he is; Having paid attention to гоаспел, that .a purge вуз tor, (purging system) not after

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works the same principle, since the latter system uses an overpressure, which is not attracted to leaked gases. The previous flushing systems were laid in the interior of the container. Plant operational safety and environmental conditions also require that any leaked gases be trapped and returned to the storage room. Both circulatory systems can be used for this purpose, each performing its function when the other is used for something else, e.g. B. for sealing purposes.

It is known how to seal a subterranean bearing wall under pressure by introducing a sealing liquid into the circulatory system when required after cooling the area to further open cracks. In particular, swelling compounds have been recommended that undergo a swelling process on contact with leaking products or water, closing the cracks even more tightly. Both circulatory systems may be subjected to such sealing procedures and a single wellbore may be selected for such operation after it has been leaking. The method and its advantages are shown in Fig. 13, where the sealing pressure P, the insulation 34 "of the abscissa χ along and the pressure directions 31 to 33 of the flow of the sealing liquid occur. It should be noted from the figure that the cracks 35 are suitably sealed in the direction of the bearing while the cracks in the direction of the environment 36 remain open. Finally, it should be pointed out the importance of having a method which can be used in practice during operation and which allows the storage processes to be discontinued

Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP E 21 P / 21 O 850 GZ 55 009 26

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Repairs not required »

It is important to note that, "in accordance with the solution principle, it is assumed that the purpose of the isolation is primary, and secondly, that the liquid contents reach the rock surface. Should a crack occur in the insulation, this will only be an in- mean finitisimal additional heat loss. A method of sealing leaks to detect leaks and recover leaking products is therefore an indispensable part of such a system.

The reason why a so-called freeze trap laid outside the storage room sands and operating at a lower temperature than that of the store is not used, of course, depends on the fact that such a freezer trap would cause cracks in the rock, even if they did in the beginning would attract moisture from all directions. It also does not work to cool the bearing wall with heat exchangers ₅ whose temperature is insignificant Above the stored liquid, the heat exchanger in the bearing wall, are verlgt. Such a construction would of course cause cracks in the bearing wall and countless leaks, besides moisture is attracted from the environment, which leads su shields on the insulation.

It should be noted that alterations in rock temperatures is an extremely slow process, which at the same time means changes in vapor pressures, which in turn leads to the development of other changes in rock, eg, B, the process that sometimes causes frostbite. · The problem of the emergence of Rioßen and the distribution of power

Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP E 21 F / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

• Any temperature drop in relation to the original natural temperature of the environment causes changes, strains and imbalances. With the help of strain gauges, moisture meters, thermometers, pressure gauges, etc., a balanced operation can be achieved with the help of programmed electronic control instruments. With two circuit systems, each of these can be used for control purposes to set the desired temperature gradient between the two systems. "Each circuit system can be used to dry its environment with dry recycle gas, while any system can also be used to: To seal Giant in the Pelt formation and to apply pressure. In addition, each circuit system can be used as a safety system by adjusting a low vacuum relative to the leak source to detect leaks and recover lost products.

The purpose of the outer cycle system is initially to lower the temperature of the environment as quickly as possible and to create the ice screen, thereby complicating the water drainage problem and the Felaab seal. At the beginning and during the construction period and also when otherwise permitted, air is used as a coolant in this external circulation system. By the early cooling of the outer circulation system, water is moved from the future storage space to the outer cold storage System "After removing water from the inside of the storage room and the inner circulation system, the storage room .vanoe and the area around the inner circulation

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system dried h t t, z, Б, with dry warm air, the actual storage of cryogenic liquid can begin after the remaining construction work is completed.

Constant operating conditions for cryogenic storage arise: by regulating the humidity of the circulating media, by choosing a suitable ratio between the pressures in the storage room and in inner and outer circulation systems to detect leaks and recover product losses and, if necessary, the same detection and V recovery measures related to the external circulatory system as well as using the diffusion method for water removal, simultaneously, as controlling the temperature barrier and the temperature of the external circulation system.

After a sufficient time after starting up, the following situation arises:

1. The area around the inner circulation system is dry, and all water between this system and your storeroom has been removed. The temperature barrier is sufficiently high to avoid Rif formation. By a suitable selection of gas, the Diffusionoträgergas, and by an appropriate V / AHL three pressures and two pressure differentials between the storage space, the inner and outer circulation system, this will cause all Y / ater the interior between the areas mn and external circulatory system is removed. The drying function of the gas in this inner circulation, oyster;) then functions largely as a self-sufficiency (Fif> 11).

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2, The temperature level of the external circulatory system is kept below 0 C ₁ , which guarantees the presence of a waterproofing roofing system, which is designed to act as a freezer trap, both for vessels, in any case at the beginning, from the area between the awei cycle sys as coming from the outside environment, serving,

3 "Sensitive analytical instruments constantly monitor for leaks, and leaking products are continuously removed from the circulatory systems and sent back to the source.

4. The circulatory systems exchange heat; Circulatory systems form a closed circle; diffused gas is sent to the source after moisture and impurities have been removed.

The boreholes 17 can be made according to Pig. 14 are drilled along the rock surface of the storage room 10 or poured into a concrete wall within a rocky gray. In FIG. 15, the inner circulation system bores 17 are between the actual rock 23 or a cast B.eton wall and an inner insulated wall laid with the insulation 37 of FIG. »4 »the evaporation chamber 38 and the gas outlet 39th

FIGS. 16 and 17 in principle show how an underground storage room 10 of this kind is to be built in accordance with the invention and by means of modern utensils. During construction, a sloping access tunnel is built, and as a rule four auxiliary tunnels 11 to 14 are hollowed out,

, Berlin, the 29th б. 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26

using automatic machines designed for this purpose with equipment for transporting accumulated chunks of rock. Between these four horizontal auxiliary tunnels 11 to 14 »erected for the preparation of the actual storeroom area, a regular network of boreholes 15 is drilled by means of special modern high-speed hydraulic automatic drilling machines. The plurality of boreholes 15 between these tunnels 11-14 and the tunnels themselves enclose the actual future storage space and the future internal circulation system, which at the same time constitutes the actual external circulation system as this arrangement. By circulating a cool gas in the tunnel system _s consisting of the auxiliary tunnels 11 to 14 and the boreholes 15, wherein a common cooling system for the two circulatory systems can be used, the water in the rock in the auxiliary tunnels 11 to 14 and. freeze the boreholes 15 »forming an ice screen or ice zone which prevents freezing. In this way, the rock remains impermeable, and the flow of water from the environment is stopped. Large inflows must first be prevented by conventional injection with cement.

In Fig. 16, horizontal bore holes 17 are shown for the internal circulation system. Such drill holes are more expensive to drill than those in accordance with the method of Fig. The reason is that the method of Fig. 16 requires about every forty liters because the current technology does not allow drilling longer holes.

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At the beginning каіѣе air is always used as a cooling medium, as it allows construction without delay. The temperature of the external circulation system should be brought below 0 ^° C. as soon as possible in order to induce migration of water in the direction of the environment from the storage area and to allow early formation of the frost.

Once the inner circulation system is complete, warm air is circulated both in this system and in the storage room to remove water around the inner circulation system and in the rock wall.

The four auxiliary tunnels 11 to 14 (although a different number of tunnels can be used) are excavated to prepare the area where the actual camp is being built. The use of tunnels to establish the outer cycle system is thus secondarily "by drilling the boreholes 16 from these tunnels into the future storage area and injecting cement and epoxy resins and similar compounds at low pressure, ie about 3 kp / cin, the quality of the rock is significantly increased, columns are closed and split! "laugh glued together" after the storage area has been eroded, an efficient high-pressure injection into the holes 40 can be made from there to ensure a complete tightness, ' with pressures of up to 100 kp / cm 2 being in question, auxiliary tunnels 18 to 21 are now being erected and inner circulation system boreholes 22 perpendicular to the storage room roof are being drilled * The storage room area is then sealed with .times.E, an ISpoxydharzschicht, followed by the insulation is sprayed onto the sealed wall »

Claims (20)

Berlin, the 29th б. 1979 ЛР E 21 Р / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26 invention claim 1 ♦ Process for the safe underground storage of cryogenic products, such as condensed gases or the like, wherein the storage takes place at a temperature which differs from the natural temperature of the surrounding walls of the storage room, characterized in that an inner first circulation system is provided, which encloses said storage space, with or without insulation, on the outside, the circulatory system consists of a plurality of regularly around the storage space and near the surface distributed boreholes, these bores preferably run between a first inner circulation system and surrounding tunnels , these Tunnel are excavated parallel to the axis of the storage room and the circulatory system, the tunnels and the boreholes together enclose and surround the storage room, at a distance from the storage room on the outside in a functioning relation to the first inner circulation system a second outer circuit ystem, consisting of a plurality of regularly distributed boreholes, the boreholes being drilled between a second outer circulatory system and tunnels, these tunnels parallel to the axis of the storage space and, together with the last-mentioned boreholes, enclose the storage space and the inner circulation system; into the first internal circulatory system a circulating vapor exchange medium exchanging heat between the circulating fluid medium and the environment around the first internal circulatory system is introduced, and in the second external circulatory system a circulating heat exchange medium is circulated between the circulating fluid Berlin, the 29 «б. 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 85О GZ 55 009 26 Medium and the environment of the second outer circulatory system exchanged, introduced and by heat exchange between the environment of the first inner circulation system, the walls, the floor and б.аз roof of the storage room is maintained at a voraucbeatimraten temperature above the temperature of the stored liquid to a temperature barrier to create the storage space enclosing; reduce the degree of ice sublimation around the storage space by operating one or both of the circulatory systems below 0 C when the cryogenic liquid stored in the storage room is below a temperature of 0 C; maintaining said temperature barrier around the storage room at a higher level than the temperature of the cryogenic liquid; absorbing and removing sublimated vapor of ice and water in the area around the first internal circulatory system by the heat exchange and drying medium in the internal circulatory system; to cool the environment of the external circulation system by circulating with a gas, preferably with cool air, introduced into the system during an initial period of time and replaced with other cool gases during an even later period of time, if required, the Temperature of these cooling media are below 0 ⁰ C to form a frozen zone around the outer cycle system, wherein the freezing of the water in the rock and in the vicinity of said storage space area and thus around the outer circulatory system, at the same time to the ITeigung and the level of Temperature gradient around the storage space around in a desired manner, wherein a flow of liquid V / asser towards the storage room from the Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP E 21 F / 210 850 GZ 55 oo9 26 210B50 - 33 - Environment is maintained and the natural impermeability of the rock is maintained. 2. Method according to item 1, characterized in that a drying medium is introduced into the first internal circulation system to remove sublimated water vapor, water or ice, 3, method according to item 1, characterized in that a drying medium is introduced into the second external circulation system to remove inflowing water vapor, ice or water. Method according to item 1, characterized in that, in the event of overpressure in the inner and outer circulation system, the environment of the storage space is sealed by the distribution of sealing material introduced into the systems, 5. The method according to item 1, characterized in that · by adjusting the operating pressures in the storage room in the inner and outer circulation system, a diffusion carrier gas, which is present as a heat exchange medium in the inner circulation system and in the storage room, a sufficient overpressure in relation to the gas pressure in the to provide an external circulation system to create a pressure differential between the storage space, the inner and outer circulatory systems, to allow the diffusion carrier gas to flow at a sufficient velocity to increase the velocity of the Y in the opposite direction to the mentioned carrier gas. to overcome aerosol molecules with Berlin, the 29, б. 1979 AP E 21 Ρ / 210 85Ü GZ! 35 009 26 remove the purpose Ѵ / агзвег su, which exists in the area between storeroom and the external circulatory system; Returning diffusion carrier gas from the outer circulation system to the inner circulation system or storage room or both after removing any leaking products or water from the gas. 6. The method according to item 1, characterized in that a liquid is introduced into the circulatory system as Kreislaufmediuni. 7 * Method according to item 1, characterized in that a gas, such as one of the group nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, hydrogen or a mixture of these is introduced into the circulatory system as circulation medium, 8. The method according to item 1, characterized in that a circulatory diura, which removes water from the environment of the circulatory system, is introduced into the circulatory system. 9. The method according to item 1, characterized in that a substance is distributed in the circulatory system and its environment by means of the circulating medium, 0. The method of item 1, characterized in that the - circuit systems are monitored on Lccko from the storage room in the respective cycle streams. Berlin, June 29, 1979 AP B 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26 2 1 0 8 5 о - 35 - 11. The method according to item 1, characterized in that the stored cryogenic liquid which has leaked into the circulating medium in the circulatory system, by absorption, Adsorption or condensation is recovered. 12. The method according to item 1, characterized in that a Y / ärmeaus exchange between the circulating media takes place in the inner or outer circulatory system. 13. The method according to item 1, characterized in that the environments of the respective circulatory systems are cooled under normal operating temperature to open the cracks in the rock formations surrounding the storage room and to sealing material in the walls, in the roof and in the floor of the storage room and in to inject the surfaces of the inner or outer circulatory system 14. The method according to item 1, characterized in that sealing material is injected into the storage space walls and into the environment of the circulation systems and this material swells on contact with the stored liquid. 15. The method according to item 1, characterized in that sealing material is injected into the storage room and its surroundings, which swells on contact with water. 16. The method according to item 1, characterized in that the storage space is used in the Verdampfungsaura for the stored liquid. , Berlin, 29 «6 _β 1979 AP E 21 Ρ / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26 210850 17. The method according to item 1, characterized in that the stored cryogenic liquid as a heat exchange medium. used for the evaporation of the stored liquid, 18. The method according to item 1 », characterized in that a pressure gradient is provided to remove water, ice and Wasserdainpf from the storage room and its surroundings by a carrier gas. 19 »Method according to item 1, characterized in that auxiliary tunnels are provided in different parallel directions around the storage space to form the outer circulation system; a plurality of regularly drilled boreholes are drilled between the tunnels to enclose the storage room and the circulatory system; to cool the environment of the storage room to form a shielding and sealing zone against inflowing water; to use the dry medium in the outer cycle system to remove water, ice and water vapor from the circulatory system environment, 20. The method according to item 1, characterized in that auxiliary з-tunnel are drilled in different parallel directions around the storage room to the inner. Forming a circulation syεem tem au; a plurality of regularly distributed boreholes are provided between said tunnels to enclose the storage space; the circulating gas of this internal circulatory system, to prevent the temperature of the circulatory environment from falling below a predetermined value. Berlin, 29 ... 6. 1979 AP E 21 P / 210 850 GZ 55 009 26 21085Q -37 - 21. The method according to point 1, characterized in that the underground storage facility is built in concrete and the same is laid in a rock formation or formation of loose material such as sand, mud, etc. · 22. A device for storing cryogenic products according to item 1, characterized in that the products are stored in a storage room, which was built from rock or concrete, laid in rock or in an environment of loose material, wherein two heat-exchanging circulatory systems surrounded the storeroom, verweridet ^? become; each circulatory system consists of a plurality of parallel and regularly dietributed cavities, the cavities of the inner circulatory system adjacent to the storage space are drilled in rock material or poured into concrete, and when drilled in rocks, then preferably consisting of a system of tunnels surrounding the storage space, the axes of these tunnels being parallel to the axis of the storage space, the cavities of the second outer circulatory system being a system of wells and auxiliary storms, the axes of the tunnels being parallel extend to the axis of the storage room, tunnels and cavities surrounding the storage room and the inner circulation system; The internal circulation system contains a medium which is used for the introduction and removal of substances and water from the circulatory system by means of drainage and refining installations connected to the circulatory system and other technical aids, as well as for the removal of storage space. Berlin, 29th. Б. 1979 ЛР E 21 Р / 2І0 850 GZ 55 009 26 the products; Leak detection means for detecting any leaked cryogenic product that has entered the circulation system, leak detectors that function analytically or that are sensitive to pressure differentials between the storage space and the inner and outer circulatory systems; Devices to create a pressure drop in the direction from the storage space to the outer circulation system to keep carrier fluid in motion against the outer circulation system, to remove existing water and water vapor in the area between the storage room and the outer circulation system, then diffused refined carrier fluid from the outer circulation system is returned to the internal circulatory system or warehouse; The external circulatory system contains a circulation medium which is used for the introduction and removal of substances and water from the circulatory system by means of system connected drainage and refining equipment and other technical aids, this circulatory system by cooling the environment a frozen zone around the storage room around evokes " 23. Device according to item 22, characterized in that the circulatory medium in the circulatory system consists of a gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or hydrocarbons or a mixture of such gases, 24. Device according to item 22, characterized in that   the circulation medium in the circulatory system consists of a liquid. ISerzu, .... ", pages drawings