DD143722A5 - METHOD AND MEANS TO INFLUENCE THE VACCINATION OF SEEDS AND THE GROWTH OF RECYCLED PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for regulating the Germination of plant seeds and the growth of new sprouted ones Plants and a means of achieving these effects. In which according to the invention and for example in plant species without Fall season reaches an extension of the growing season, whereby in plants with a long cultivation time the Seed cultivation is enabled. Unless the pre-emergence Weed killing at the same time as sowing according to the invention treated semen, the selectivity increases of the herbicidal agent. According to the invention, the seeds before or during sowing a means applied, liquid or solid Dextrins (linear and / or α-, ω- or γ-cyclodextrin) contains. ES can of course also other agricultural additives, such as herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers or trace elements.

Description

The present invention relates to a method of retarding the germination of plant seeds and promoting the growth of the new germinated plants by the use of linear and cyclic dextrins and mixtures thereof. The invention further relates to a means for achieving the above effects.

Characteristic of the most known technical. Solutions?..

Germination is inhibited by the active substances found in the seeds and in nature · These substances are known as "blastocholine ^tf ", including lactones such as scopolethine, parascorbic acid, daphnetin, coumarin, phenol such as phlorhizin, chlorogenic acid, juglone, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, Perulinsäure, mustard oil glycosides such as * allyl and p-phenyl isothiocyanate, the aldehydes as Citralaldehyd, Salicylaldehy, and benzaldehyde and the newly discovered abscisic acid. °

In practice, to regulate germination, thiourea and inhibition of germination are most suitable for coumarin.

Explanation of the essence of the invention,

It has now been found that cyclodextrins in themselves and in mixtures formed with one another and with linear dextrins exert a significant germ-inhibiting effect and subsequently a growth-regulating action on the germinating seeds or on the accumulated plants.

It has also been observed that with cyclodextrins, depending on the plant species and the conditions of use (temperature, duration of treatment), various growth-regulating effects, both 50% growth and 90% germination can be achieved, these effects may be the goal of the application be caused accordingly.

The likely physiological reasons the operation of the observed germination inhibition are supported by the previous observations, according to which = the cyclodextrins trine the competitive inhibitors of certain enzymes, for example _s of the amylases are (JAChem. Soc, 82 3220 / I960 /) and the ß-amylase ~ Enzyme of the high-quality plant? Sweet potato, sensitive to the inhibition is Gyciodextrin than the enzyme of certain bacteria (e.g. _e B "Bacillus polymyxa) (Mol. Cell. Biochem., 7, 127/1975 /) ''

Cyclodextrins, which are also called Schardinger dextrins cycloamyoses or cycloglucans, are cyclic compounds consisting of glycopyrranos units. IC-cyclodextrin consists of 6, .beta.-cyclodexfcrin of 7, and o .'-cyclodextrin of 8 glycopyrranosinheiten. The cyclodextrins are made from starch by cyclodextrin-trans-glycosylas «? Enzyme produced «

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The linear or open-chain dextrins are macromolecular fragments formed by direct acid or enzymatic or thermal degradation of the starch, also known as acid dextrin or toasted dextrin.

According to the invention, the plant seeds before sowing and / or simultaneously with the sowing with liquid and / or solid dextrins, for example with linear and / or cO -, ß- or ε-cyclodextrins and / or with mixtures thereof in any ratio optionally under Use of other applied in plant cultivation agents such as herbicides, pesticides, insecticides and / or fertilizers, and / or trace elements treated.

The agent according to the invention contains 0.1-95 % of C, β or

$ Cyclodextrin and / or linear dextrin or a mixture thereof

a) in the form of a powder mixture, if desired with other usual in crop protection Trägersteffen, diluents and adjuvants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and / or fertilizers and / or trace elements, or

b) in aqueous or aqueous-methanolic solutions, if desired with fungicidal, herbicidal or insecticidal agents.

Cyclodextrins can cC -, .beta.-cyclodextrin, or $ itself or the same used in the form of any mixtures "In the inventive method and linear dextrins or mixtures thereof with different cyclodextrins and / or mixtures thereof can be used. As such mixtures, for example, the cyclodextrin-iinearen dextrin mixtures obtained from starch by cyclodextrin-trans-Glykosylas ^ -Ensym be mentioned.

Pie treatment of seeds with dextrins can be carried out according to the invention by wet or dry ünetanoae. During the wet process, the seeds are preferably soaked in an aqueous solution of the dextrins. These solutions may contain, in addition to the dextrins, other common substances. In the dry process, the treatment may be carried out by sowing the seeds into the soil with a dry mixture of the dextrins, which may also contain other means, where after sowing, on the influence of the Moisture of the soil the actual treatment takes place. It is also possible to coat the mixture consisting of dry seed seed dextrin mixture and possibly other substances before sowing in a manner known per se or to provide the seed seed coated with dextrins with a coating containing dextrin.

The seeds are coated in a known per se in Däggierkeseeln with wood flour, perlite, polyacrylonitriles carboxymethylcellulose, etc., by dissolving the linear dextrins or cyclodextrins or the mixture of the two dextrins in the aqueous solution of the binder component. In this way, the quantity of linear dextrin or cyclodextrin falling on a seed can be dosed punctually.

When sowing, it is also possible to use s.0 so that the seeds and the dextrin or else the dextrin mixture which may also contain other agents are stored separately in the seeding machine and the components act on the seeds only in the soil.

The treatment of the seeds with dextrins can also be carried out by using the dextrins in a mixture with other agents. As such agents are preferably herbicides, fungicides and / or insecticides and / or fertilizers and / or trace elements in embossing.

Although each dextrin is suitable for seed treatment according to the invention, it has been found that if germination is carried out at a temperature higher than 10 ⁰ C, the application of Jj- cyclodextrin is more advantageous, whereas at a germination temperature lower than 10 ⁰ C, the achieved by the use of ß-cyclodextrin effect is more favorable.

The treatment method according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the late frosts, which damage the plants if the plants germinate too early. Furthermore, in the case of species without autumn variety, it is possible to prolong the vegetation period, thus permitting seed cultivation in plants of a long cultivation time. If the pre-emergence weed killing is carried out simultaneously with the sowing of the seeds treated according to the invention, the selectivity of the herbicidal agent increases, since the seeds of the delayed-germination crop plants are only slightly sensitive to the herbicidal agents.

Since in the process of germination the enzymatic mobilization of the reserve nutrients is essential, for the most part the germination of seeds with a high starch content (triticale, barley, rye) was investigated. The seed germination percentage was significantly unaffected by the cyclodextrin treatment but the germination process was significantly retarded. The observed effect is completely irreversible, not toxic, so cyclodextrin does not work by "poisoning" the germinating seeds. "

Among the germplants accumulated from the treated seeds, it was observed that the growth inhibition varied depending on the duration of the treatment. Among the 4, 24, 48 and 72 hour treatments, the largest inhibition of germination became significant by the 48-hour treatment

caused. The degree of germination also depends largely on the temperature. Among the investigated temperatures +28 ⁰ G, +10 ⁰ C and +3 ⁰ O, the lowest germination inhibition was observed at +10 ⁰ G, which is important from the point of view of the practical applicability of the method.

It could be observed that cyclodextrin caused a smaller growth inhibition in seeds with volatile oil (anis) than in plants with starch in the seeds; on the contrary, after a few days at a lower temperature, pronounced growth promotion instead of inhibition was due to the treatment observe.

The growth-enhancing effect of the cyclodextrins has also been observed in the straightforward Avena coleoptyl section assay. In this test, 10 M cyclodextrin caused a 51.2 % increase in growth, whereas 10 M b cyclodextrin caused a 17% inhibition of growth, and even 10% cyclodextrin caused one detectable 4 »9% expansion inhibition ·

The seed treatment according to the invention can preferably be used in the following fields:

a) In temperate climates, the rapid development of summer wheat, summer barley, poppy yields a low yield, so it generally became the seed. · Of Herbstvarietäten preferred After the "process according to the invention, the summer barley and summer wheat can be used as autumn sowing = _e the seeds are sown in the autumn In such cases into the soil and ground by the delayed germination of seeds? ^ the seeds are not sensitive to the cold and at the same time the most favorable development of the plants can be ensured in spring ·

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ι) In some species where there is no herb variety, culturing is not successful because, because of the long culturing time, the varieties do not enter the generative period during the growing season. Caraway, coriander and anise are mentioned. In these plants, the autumn sowing following the seed treatment according to the invention extends the vegetative period.

c) If autumn crops such as e.g. Autumn barley and autumn wheat (for reinforcement) are not sown in early autumn but later sown, no Halmverstärkung causing agent or growth retardant treatment is needed, but you get a Halmverkürzung whereby the risk of storage is eliminated.

d) In pre-emergence weed control e.g. In crops such as wheat, barley, maize, mustard, poppy or Digitalis varieties, the herbicidal treatment and sowing seeds treated according to the invention may occur at the same time, and a delay of germination of a few days protects the plants from damage (antidotal activity) ) and simplifies the process, increases the selectivity of the herbicidal composition.

Since this process is not based on the "poisoning of the plants", after the delayed germination in most cases an increased growth of the young plants can be expected, which was also proven by the examples.

Make, to our observations, the cyclodextrins at the beginning of the stage of development of the plants on the germination and on the growth of the seedlings a strong effect, in the time when the mobilization of the nutrient is of increased importance,

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This can be partly explained by the fact that the cyclodextrins are competitive inhibitors of the amylases which play a significant role in the breakdown of starch, but it is also probable that also hormone regulation will be intervened. "

The autumn sowing of the summer cereals, the germination of which was delayed by the method according to the invention, gives a 20% increase in the crop and the treatment according to the invention of the winter crops with a short stalk can mean a significant saving in costs. The autumn sowing of the summer cultivars from a long cultivating time can bring about a 50-100% yield in the seed cultivating, and by using the method in the pre-emergent herbicidal treatment an increase of the yield security of at least 10 % can be achieved.

Sin very important advantage of the method according to the invention is that the substances used are completely harmless, no poisoning danger, and do not contaminate the environment. The substances are degraded in the soil without residue or are consumed by the growing plants.

Further details are discussed in more detail in the examples below.

Growth of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. "MK 42 ^U ) at +29 ⁰ G

30-30 pieces of seed are placed in Petri dishes of 9 cm diameter on 2 pieces of piled paper «Pipetting into

the Petri dishes

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a) 5 ml of IO mol & cyclodextrin solution,

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b) 5 ml of 10 moles of β-cyclodextrin solution,

c) 5 ml of 1 % commercial solution of so-called rust-dextrin (chemically linear dextrin),

d) as a control, 5 ml of distilled water.

Me seeds are germinated in a thermostat of 28 ⁰ C in the dark, and placed after 48 hours after washing on distilled aqueous 3 iltrierpapierscheiben and measured after 24 hours at the age of 3 days, and under the same circumstances at an age of 6 days the total length of the shoots or the roots of 30-30 seeds. One experimental variant was taken as the average of the data from 3-3 parallel experiments in petri dishes. The experiment was repeated in each case. The measurements obtained in the treated plants were compared with the growth of control plants in which the inhibition was 0 % (Table I).

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Table I

cyclodextrin

linear dextrin

control

30 plants

Total length of each stitch (mm) after. 3 days η η it μ η & days inhibition% after 3 days

η η η 6 days

Total length der_Wurggln (mm)

after 3 days

after 6 days after 3 days

Inhibition%

t: η

6 tables

5S &

96 191 474 662 754 556 1568 2090 85.5 71.2 29.0 0 79.4 64.7 48.8 0 1056 1808 2620 5123 2593 2227 4625 7714 63.9 73.4 25 0 66 ₅ 4 70.5 40.1 0

9.71

χ The significant difference is the reliability of the observed differences at 5% probability level.

Example 2 . Inhibition of triticale (strain 3Jr x 64) at 28 °

The experiments were carried out by the method described in Example 1, but Triticale seeds were used as the plant * The results are given in Table II

Example 3,

Growth inhibition of winter barley (Seeale cereale L "cv""Petkustetra") at +28 ⁰ C

The experiments were carried out as in Example 1, but winter plants were used as plants.

The results are given in Table III.

Example 4

Growth regulation of maize (Zea mays L. cv. "Aranymazsola") at +28 ⁰ C

The experiments are carried out as in Example 1, but maize seeds are used in plants. «

The results can be seen from Table IV.

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table

II

cyclodextrin

control

30 plants

Total length (mm) after 3 days η η 5 days

Inhibition% "· 3 days ⁵¹ η s days Total length of roots (mm)

after 3 days

ⁿ «'6 days

Inhibition % after 3 days ⁿ η 6 days

311 584 732 1221 2027 2390 57.5 20.2 0 48.9 15.2 0 1143 1340 3046 2449 3663 4668 62.5 56.0 0 47.5 21.5 0

table

III

cyclodextrin

linear dextrin

control

30 plants

Total length of shoots (mm) after 3 days

" ^|} """ 6 days

Inhibition % after 3 days

"" 6 days Total length of roots (mm) after 3 days

»» »" "6 days

Inhibition % after 3 days

⁵¹ "6 days

253 332 0 438 639 828 1392 3 1403 1888 60.4 48 31.5 0 56.1 26 25.7 0 2257 2463 8th 2070 4226 3187 4490 io 4240 7368 46.6 41 51.0 0 56.7 39, , 42.5 0

table

IY

cyclodextrin

linear ^x dextrin

control

30 plants

Total length of shoots (mm) after. 3 days η η ι η 6 days inhibition % after 3 days

¹⁹ «6 days

Total length of the roots (mm)

after 3 days

"·"«W" 6 days inhibition% · after. 3 days ¹¹ '"6 days

130 147 252 188 924 1070 1720 1210 - 30.9 - 21,8 + 34.0 0 - 23.6 - 11.6 + 42.1 0 1189 940 1804 1259 1447 1204 3085 1789 - 5,6 - 25.3 + 43.3 0 - 19.1 - 32,7 + 72.4 0

+ Numbers show promotion

13-1

Example 5

Growth regulation of the summer gerbera (Hordeum vulgare L.cv. "Ϊ £ Κ 42") at + 1O ⁰ C

The experiment -is carried out as in the previous examples, after which the wetted with the solutions seed containing Petri dishes are placed in a refrigerator from + 10 ⁰ O, and the length of the shoots and roots of the seedlings is measured after 8 days ·

The measured values are given in Table V. »

Table Y

inhibition ^ Inhibition % oO ß cyclodextrin drives 55 root 3236 33 Example 6 linear 6 14.7 0 42.7 control Promotion % Promotion % 82.8 7.3 83 dextrin Total length of the 4355 30 plants (Mm) Total length of the 1991 366 319 (Mm) 43 0 0 3492 0 0

Growth inhibition of Tritical6 (strain No. · 64) at +10 ⁰ C

The experiment is carried out as in Example 5, but it uses as plants triticae seeds. The information is given in Table VI «

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Table, VI

äU ß linear

Dextrin control cyclodextrin

30 plants

Total length of shoots (mm) '386 272 841 934

Inhibition % 58.7 70.8 10.0 0 Total length of the roots

(mm) 2254 1012 2891 2557

Inhibition % 36.6 .71.6 18.7 0

Growth regulation of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.cv. "MK 42 ") at +3 ⁰ O

The test is carried out as in Example 5, but the petri dishes in a refrigerator at Vierden +3 ⁰ C Laid The length of the shoots and roots of Keimpflanaen was measured after 14 days in the dark. The measured inhibition percentages are shown in Table VII.

Table VII

Shoots (mm) "C β linear cyclodextrin ^Dext - ^ria 2 59 , 0 195.0 Λ 98.2 control 90, 1108 30 plants 2 20 Total length of the Roots (mm) 90.0 111 0 Inhibition % 80 _s 0 Promotion % 94 559 Total length of the 83.2 0 Inhibition % 0 Claim %

Example 8 -

Growth inhibition of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.cv * "Budakaläszi") at 28 ⁰ C.

In this experiment, 30-30 seeds are placed in 3 cm diameter Petri dishes and wetted with 2.5 ml dextrin solution. The seven day old seedlings are measured in full length. The value obtained during the control is taken as the inhibition percentage. The seeds treated with different dextrins were observed and the inhibition was determined from the germinal length. The results are summarized in Table VIII.

Table VIII

** ß cyclodextrin linear dextrin control 485 487 8.8 8.5 61 88.5 532 0 30 plants total length (mm) inhibition ^ Example _3

Growth inhibition of anise (Pimpinella anisum L ₀ CV. "Budakaläszi") at +10 ö at the age of 9 days

The experiment was carried out prkatisch as in Example 8, but the seeds were for 9 days in the refrigerator ison +10 ⁰ C germinated · The hatred of inhibition was obtained by measuring the total length and summarized in the table.

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Table IX

ß linear cyclodextrin dextrin control

30 plants

Total length 272 201 133 280

Inhibition % 2.9 28.2 52.5 0

Growth regulation of anise (Pimpinella anisum L "c'v." Budakaläsz ") at +10 ⁰ G at 12 days of age

The experiment described in Example 9 was carried out, but the plants were evaluated at the age of 12 days. The results are summarized in Table X.

table X control 332 0 0 ¹ ^ β cyclodextrin linear dextrin 30 plants total length (mm) inhibition % promotion % 492 435 48.2 21.0 248 25.4 Beisj ^ 11

Elimination of anti-dotum effect on cereals by pre-emergence treatment with herbicides (GeYiächshaus-Versuch)

19

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Seeds of wheat, barley seed and Triticale seeds were incubated for 24 hours at 28 ⁰ G in a 10 "U according to the invention prepared solution soaked. After washing 10-10 seeds (surface area of 168 cm i were in triplicate in filled with washed sand Kunststoffgsfäßenvw seeded. After covering The indicated doses of the herbicides were applied in 5 ml of Y / asser dissolved with an aerosol sprayer.The herbicidal damage of the plants was determined by weight measurement at the age of 3 weeks when the symptoms were already stabilized Measure of herbicidal damage (anti-dotum treatment) in the treatment according to the invention.

Table XI

Dicuran + 2 kg / ha Dicuran Hungazin DT 6 kg / ha Hungazin DT sscd Plant drive Yo of the treated 132 , 39 111 Root control Afalon + 2 kg / ha Afalon Barley Hungazin DT 6 kg / ha Hungazin DT flcd 121 42 29 59 50 lib Plant ^species Green Weight sscd 35 28 31 17 33 22 31 27 Yieizen triticale 27 21 8jO4 26 22 sscd SD _{5 %} 4, -i-sscd 129 142 + ßCD. mm 57 41 55 34 45 32 55 39 SD ₅ ^

Elicitation of anti-dotum action in maize by preemergence herbicidal treatment (small-plot trial)

The maize seeds pretreated as in Example 11 (Sea mays LeCV ₀ "Aranymazsola") were sown in 5 × 3 × 5 m plots in a row spacing and 40 cm stem spacing in 3 × repetition. The herbicide treatment was pre-sowed directly after sowing. emergence carried out so that the given amount of the agent in 500 l / ha of water dissolved with a sprayer was applied. The green weight of the plants was measured 4 weeks after sowing in the case of the treatment with Afalon and the damage of the plants with Hungazin DT was evaluated at the age of 3 months. The indications indicating the anti-dotum effect are summarized in Table XII ·

Table XII

sscd C i. Green weight acted 3D ₅ ^ 3,85 Shoot % of the uncontrolled treatment ßGD ßGD ßGD 131 124 Hungazin DT + 6 kg / ha Hungazin DT 105 69 55 54 40 Afalon + 3 kg / ha Afalon Afalon + 5 kg / ha Afalon

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Example 13

Antidote against herbicide treatment in summer wheat (Phytotron trial)

In a Gonviron GB-48 chamber, Siete Gerros 66 summer wheat is grown until harvest. In this case, the usual grain program is used, in which the temperature is systematically changed between 16-22 ⁰ G by day and 8-17 ⁰ C by eighth. The relative humidity is 65 % during the day and 75 % ₉ during the night. Photoperiods of 13-16 hours with 22-25000 lux ensure that the fruit ripens towards the end of the fourth month.

The pretreatment of the seed with the solution according to the invention and the treatment with a herbicide are carried out in the manner described in Example 11. The consumptions used and the results obtained are summarized in Table XIII.

Table XIII

preparation

Herbicide _t ears

Treatment Pieces / Length Pruch grains

Afalon plant cm plant ppm

Water β-cyclodextrin 0.5 1.1 1.6 5.2 5.8 14.2 15.8 28.0. 32.0 Water β-cyclodextrin 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.3 6.2 15.0 15.3 31.2 42.0 Water β-cyclodextrin 2.0 1.3 1.4 5.7 6.1 14.7 16.9 28 _? 9 32.6

The favorable antidotal effect of cyclodextrin can also be observed in the roast at each of the investigated herbicide concentrations. «

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Example 14

Yield-increasing effect of cyclodextrin on summer wheat (Phytotron trial)

In the evaluation of the ears of the plants kept according to Example 13, the following results were obtained:

Table XIV

Pretreatment with water ß-Ctyclodextrin

Spikelet plant l »0 1,8

length, cm 5.0 5.4

Fruit plants, piece 14,0 16,2

Number of grains 26.2 29.6

From the data it can be seen that both the number and size of the ears and the number of grains achieved a favorable effect by the treatment according to the invention, which led to an increase in yield

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Claims (8)

Claim of invention: 1. A method for regulating the germination of seeds and the Y / axis of germinated plants, characterized in that on the seeds before Ausaaat and / or simultaneously with the sowing liquid and / or solid dextrins, such as linear and / or eO -, ß or T cyclodextrins and / or mixtures of any ratio, if desired, with the simultaneous use of other commonly used in plant cultivation agents, such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and / or fertilizers and / or trace elements act , 2. Method according to item 1, characterized in that vegetable seeds are cultivated before sowing, preferably in an aqueous solution of dectrins, such as e.g. linear and / or o6, ß- or T-cyclodextrin and / or their mixtures soaked in any ratio, wherein the solution is desiredfurther yet other common in plant cultivation means such. herbicidal, and / or fungicidal, and / or insecticidal agents and / or fertilizers and / or trace elements. 3. Method according to items 1 and 2, characterized in that the treatment with cyclodextrins! Is carried out as dextrin « 4 »Method according to item 3, characterized in that the treatment is carried out with 06-cyclodextrin. 5. The method according to item 3, characterized in that one carries out the treatment with ß-cyclodextrin. 6. Method according to item 1, characterized in that plant seeds are mixed with a heterogeneous mixture containing a dextrin, for example linear and / or Φ, Q or T vyclodextrin and / or any mixture thereof, which govninsentenfalls other common in plant cultivation Agents, such as, for example, herbicidal, fungicidal and / or insecticidal agents and / or artificial fertilizers and / or. Contain trace elements, coated before sowing. 7. The method according to item 1, characterized in that the plant seeds are coated without the use of dextrins and the resulting plant seeds containing dragees with a dextrin, such. linear and / or <* •, ß ~ or T -Cyclodextrin and / or any make thereof containing coating provides. 8 »Plant Seed Germination Control. and the growth of the germinated plants, characterized by a content of oC ~ yβ or T- cyclodextrin and / or linear dextrin or a mixture thereof (a) in the form of a powder mixture, mixed with other carriers, diluents or additives customary in plant cultivation and, where appropriate, herbicidal, fungicidal or insecticidal agents and / or fertilizers and / or trace elements; or b) in the form of an aqueous or aqueous solution of ethanol, if appropriate mixed with fungicidal, herbicidal or insecticidal agents. JU , SU! ". [ Ό I b "- 6 4ι t J. ί