CZ37801U1 - A herbicide - Google Patents

Description

Herbicidal preparation

Field of technology

The field of technology concerns a total herbicide preparation containing the active ingredient - Glyphosât (potassium salt of glyphosate), which causes inhibition of the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimât-3- -phosphate synthase and two other substances, i.e. surfactants - lemon essential oil (natural herbicide, synergist) and glycerin (adjuvant, synergist and softener), especially with emphasis on the synergistic activity of these two substances with glyphosate and also the functions of surfactants - surfactants that reduce surface tension as in lemon essential oil, so in the case of surfactant glycerine, whose function is reduced by the amount of glyphosate used, which is especially important from an ecological point of view.

This preparation is determined by its weed-killing activity, making it a systemic broad-spectrum herbicide, so-called EC formulation - emulsifiable concentrate, for use in weed removal not only in fields, i.e. to control plants - broad-leaved weeds but also grasses, woody plants, etc.

Current state of the art

Glyphosate in various forms is a chemical that is widely used in herbicide products. Herbicides (belonging to the group of pesticides), based on glyphosate - i.e. preparations containing the active ingredient glyphosate, formulation additives and possibly other chemicals, which are used, among other things, in agriculture and horticulture to fight against weeds that compete with cultivated crops and also, e.g. maintenance of railway tracks, etc. Glyphosate is a herbicide that is applied to the leaves of plants to control both broad-leaved plants and grasses, etc. This herbicide is well known as highly effective and commercially important for the control of a whole range of non-native vegetation, including agricultural weeds. Glyphosate is conventionally applied as a formulated product dissolved in water, on the leaves of annual and perennial grasses and broadleaf plants. During the application period, it passes into the leaves and then permeates the plant to the roots. Glyphosate was registered for use in the USA in 1974, making it one of the most widely used herbicides not only in the United States. The preparation is applied in agriculture, forestry, on lawns and gardens, as well as on weeds in various industrial and urban areas. Some preparations containing glyphosate also regulate aquatic plants.

Glyphosate is often used for:

• fruit and vegetable crops • canola, corn, cotton, soybeans, sugar beet, wheat, etc.

• forest plantations, lawns, greenhouses, aquatic plants, etc.

• public areas, maintenance around roads and tracks, sports areas, sidewalks, etc.

Selective herbicides do not only target a specific group of plants, on the other hand - broad-spectrum herbicides or so-called total herbicides (e.g. glyphosate) cause damage to all planted plants, then we divide these herbicides into root, foliar and according to season:

• pre-emergence - applied when no economic crop has been sown or planted on the land • pre-emergent - intended for application before the economic crop seeds have germinated • post-emergent - intended for use when the economic crop has already germinated or is planted

The herbicide Glyphosât occurs in various chemical forms, including acid and several salts.

They can be solid substances or an amber-colored liquid. It is a non-selective herbicide, which means that it kills plants, thereby preventing them from producing certain proteins that are necessary for their growth. At the same time, glyphosate stops the specific enzyme pathway of sikimic acid, which

- 1 CZ 37801 U1 is essential for plants and some microorganisms.

There is evidence that immediate dysfunction caused by competitive inhibition of EPSPS - which is a deregulation of the sikimate pathway that leads to the accumulation of high levels of sikimate-3-phosphate and sikimate in the uptake of carbon and phosphate from other pathways - disrupts more than just the sikimate pathway.

However, EPSPS (synthase catalyzes the reaction that converts sikimate-3-phosphate plus phosphoenolpyruvate to 5-enolpyruvylsikimate-3-phosphate) is nuclear encoded, resides in the plastid (chloroplast in green tissues), the site of carbon fixation. EPSPS is found in plants, some fungi and bacteria. The EPSPS of some microbes is sensitive to glyphosate, whereby glyphosate can be fungicidal to some plant pathogens thanks to its effect on EPSPS. Glyphosate can therefore have an additional benefit in crops resistant to glyphosate by acting as a fungicide against some crop pathogens.

Glyphosate is commonly sold as isopropylamine, potassium, ammonium or trimethylsulfonium salt. Although glyphosate is not a herbicide with a low rate of use, it has low toxicity to mammals, with acute toxicity less than table salt. When sprayed on plants, it is easily absorbed and transferred to all parts of the plants (leaves and roots). It generally does not detoxify or detoxifies very slowly. It works relatively slowly and gives the herbicide time to reach almost all tissues of the plant. In addition, it preferentially translocates to metabolic sinks, such as meristematic tissues. It is therefore unlikely that the affected plant would grow again from the meristem (dividing tissue - also meristem, is a plant tissue formed by cells with a dividing function).

Glyphosate (in various forms) is the most widely used herbicide in the world, by volume and treated area. This is largely because almost 80% of the area on which the transgenic crop is grown is planted with crops resistant to this broad-spectrum foliar herbicide.

Worldwide, large proportions of soybeans, corn, sugar beets, cotton and canola are now resistant to glyphosate through transgenic technology. Farmers can basically control all the weeds in such a crop with just one herbicide.

Article 1

ECHA - EUROPEAN CHEMICAL AGENCY

Source: https://echa.europa.eu/cs/hot-topics/glyphosate (Citation - We are the European Agency for Chemical Substances, an EU agency. We implement EU legal regulations on chemical substances with the aim of protecting your health and the environment. Our work it also contributes to the proper functioning of the EU internal market and supports innovation and competitiveness of the European chemical industry.)

Glyphosate is one of the most frequently used active substances in pesticides to prevent the growth of non-reproductive plants in cultivated fields or to destroy plants or their parts. These substances are often labeled as herbicides or preparations to control stubborn weeds. Glyphosate is used in agriculture and horticulture to control weeds before sowing. Where genetically modified plants that are resistant to glyphosate are grown, this substance is also used after sowing to control stubborn weeds. However, this procedure is not used in the European Union.

The ECHA agency administers legal regulations on the classification and labeling of substances and mixtures. The mentioned legal regulations regulate the way of assessment and labeling of substances on the basis of their potential dangerous properties - for example, poisons, flammable substances, pesticides and the like. For some substances, such as pesticides, classification decisions can be made at EU level for the whole of Europe. In practice, this means that the appropriate labeling of each preparation containing the given substance will have to alert the consumer to this fact.

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Article 2

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphosate

Glyphosate (IUPAC name: N-(phosphonomethylglycine)) is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant. It is an organophosphorus compound, specifically a phosphonate, which inhibits the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP). It is used to control weeds. , especially broad-leaved weeds and grasses that compete with crops. Its herbicidal efficacy was discovered by Monsanto chemist John E. Franz in 1970. Monsanto marketed it for agricultural use in 1974. Monsanto's last commercially relevant US patent expired in the year 2000.

Farmers quickly adopted glyphosate for agricultural weed control, especially after Monsanto introduced glyphosate-resistant Roundup Ready crops that allowed farmers to kill weeds without destroying their crops. In 2007, glyphosate was the most widely used herbicide in the US agricultural sector and the second most widely used (after 2,4-D) in home and garden, government and industrial, and commercial applications.[8] From the end of the 1970s to 2016, there was a 100-fold increase in the frequency and volume of application of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) worldwide, with further increases expected in the future.

Glyphosate is absorbed by the leaves and minimally by the roots, and from there it is translocated to the growth sites. It inhibits EPSP synthase, a plant enzyme involved in the synthesis of three aromatic amino acids: tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. It is therefore only effective on actively growing plants and is not effective as a pre-emergence herbicide. A growing number of crops have been genetically engineered to be glyphosate tolerant (eg Roundup Ready soybeans, the first Roundup Ready crop, also created by Monsanto), allowing farmers to use glyphosate as a post-emergence herbicide against weeds.

Article 3

Important aspects of chemical weed control: Adjuvants

Source from PDF: LCaR 127, c. 12, December 2011 - Miroslav Jursik, Josef Soukup, Jaromir Jankû, Josef Holec / Czech University of Agriculture in Prague

Adjuvants: These are additives whose purpose is to make herbicide treatment more efficient, i.e. to reduce the dose of herbicide, i.e. the financial costs, while simultaneously maintaining or increasing biological effectiveness and selectivity. In some cases, an appropriately chosen adjuvant can achieve a tenfold reduction in the dose of the active substance. Adjuvants also often have a positive effect on crop yield and quality. They are either incorporated into the finished preparation as one of the components of the herbicide formulation, or they are added to the sprayer and in the tank of the sprayer. However, it should be noted that the manufacturer carefully considers whether and what type of adjuvants to use in the herbicide formulation, adding unproven adjuvants without recommendations on the herbicide label can lead to damage to the crop. Adjuvants are relatively cheap (usually significantly cheaper than pesticides), and therefore they are also used as a kind of insurance guaranteeing sufficient effectiveness of herbicides even under worse application conditions. They are often also part of granule formulations (WDG, WG, DF), where during mixing in the sprayer tank, the penetration of water into the granule is increased and the granule fragments are moistened and dispersed (decomposed).

- 3 CZ 37801 U1

Article 4

Skin of the plant

Source: https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poko%C5%BEka_(plants)

The skin (epidermis) of plants is a single-layer covering tissue that protects the plant from the outside, especially the leaves, stem and roots. It is also the interface between the plant and the outside world. In plants that thicken secondarily, the skin is replaced by the periderm (activity of the phellogen).

The skin primarily protects against excessive water loss, regulates gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and secretes some metabolites onto the surface of the plant. In addition, the skin at the root absorbs water and mineral substances.

The epidermis is usually translucent because most chloroplasts are absent in the skin. On the outside, it secretes a waxy cuticle that is impermeable to water. The cuticle is thickest in plants from dry regions where water is precious.

Epidermal tissue contains several different types of cells: epidermal cells, sphincter cells, supporting cells, but also hair cells (trichomes). Of course, the most common are the classic skin cells, which are the least specialized and the largest at the same time.

Article 5

Industrial crops and products

Phytotoxic effects of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its physiological mechanisms on pÿr. Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926669012002634

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil was identified by GC-MS for its major components; six compounds representing 92.59% of the total amount of essential oil were identified. The main component was citral (76.00%).

In a laboratory biological test, a high concentration of essential oil significantly inhibited the germination and growth of Echinochloa crus-galli seeds and affected the α-amylase activity of the seeds. In a greenhouse bioassay, essential oil concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% (v/v) were applied to E. crus-galli 28 days after sowing at a spray volume of 1000 l/ha-1.

Observations of leaf wilt symptoms were recorded 6 hours after treatment. The content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids decreased with the concentration of the essential oil, which indicates that the essential oil disrupts the photosynthetic metabolism.

C. Citratus essential oil caused electrolyte leakage, indicating membrane disruption and loss of integrity. Treated leaves showed an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which indicates lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, it can be concluded that the essential oil is phytotoxic and could be used as a natural herbicide for future weed control.

Adjuvants:

For adjuvants, we will emphasize - additives either in herbicidal formulations or in mixtures that interact with plant tissues in various ways. Their main function is to improve the effectiveness of herbicides, which is a property that is carried out through the modification of herbicide properties, through the formation of spray droplets and the impact of the spray, coverage and formation of deposits, as well as wetting and retention of the spray on the surface of the leaf.

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Activators, surfactants:

Surfactants are also a category of adjuvants. We are concerned with - strengthening the use of the active components of the herbicide by increasing the deposition, sulfurization and retention of drops on all leaf surfaces, which leads to an increase in the uptake of the herbicide by plants. More specifically, surfactants are added to pesticide/herbicide solutions in order to reduce the surface tension of the spray solution and thereby increase wetting of the surface. Some of them can act as penetrants, increasing the solubility of the herbicide in cuticular waxes (cuticle - the surface layer of wax in plants, is covered with epicuticular wax, which consists of compounds that belong to a large group of lipophilic substances, which reduces surface wettability and reduces moisture loss ) and affecting the morphology of epicuticular wax. Nevertheless, it is necessary to pay attention to the choice of surfactant and determine its concentration to increase the retention of leaves and the translocation of herbicides, so that application rates and production costs remain low.

This is a group of adjuvants affecting the effectiveness of herbicides, most often by increasing the absorption (uptake) of the herbicide by the surface of the leaves (in our case, glycerin and lemongrass).

Surfactants/surfactants:

We categorized surfactants as cationic, anionic, nonionic and amphoteric, with the nonionic group being the most frequently used. These non-ionic surfactants minimize droplet reflection, increase droplet saturation, improve retention and effectiveness of active ingredients in spray applications (in our case, anionic lemongrass).

Their task is to make herbicide treatment more efficient, i.e. to reduce the dose of herbicide while maintaining or increasing biological effectiveness and selectivity. These surfactants/adjuvants can affect sprayability and herbicide activity in many areas.

Most adjuvants are surfactants (also wetting agents, or surface-active substances). These are substances that increase the biological effectiveness of pesticides by increasing the wettability of the spray liquid and improving the coverage of the target surface. This improves and accelerates the penetration of the active agent through the surface layers.

The effect of surfactants on the surface tension of spray droplets is well documented. Epicuticular wax on the leaf surface repels water, resulting in the formation of spray droplets when they land on the leaves. In some situations, a high percentage of the spray droplets can simply bounce off the leaves, causing the herbicide to fall harmlessly to the ground. Surfactants reduce the surface tension of spray droplets, increase spray retention and allow spray droplets to spread over a larger area.

We work with two (of three) primary types of adjuvants used to increase the effectiveness of herbicides:

• surfactants (used by us - glycerol) • concentrates - vegetable oil (used by us - lemongrass) • ammonium fertilizers

Vegetable oil concentrates (COC) are a combination of surfactant and non-phytotoxic oil.

That is why we emphasize the natural adjuvants we use - lemon grass and glycerol.

We are also dealing with important activators - lemon grass and glycerol, so-called surfactants, which facilitate and increase emulsification and dispersion (dispersion), when sticking to the sheet (adhesion) and wetting. This substance (surfactant) allows the herbicide to be deposited closer to the "skin" of the plants, increases contact with the leaf surface and keeps the herbicide in a soluble form, thus having the potential to achieve a higher absorption efficiency

- 5 CZ 37801 U1 slats. Surfactants and adjuvants are designed to improve the biological and other factors of herbicidal compositions.

The influence of the surfactant on herbicide uptake is significant, especially when using low doses (in our case - reduction of the volume of glyphosate compared to other herbicide preparations).

The use of surfactants is very economical, especially when applying expensive preparations, because it enables a significant reduction of the dose per unit area, without reducing the biological activity. The dose of herbicide can be reduced by 30 to 70% in some cases by using a surfactant.

Surfactants can be part of the herbicide (our EC formulations - emulsifiable concentrates), or they can be added to the application solution after the herbicide has dissolved.

Surfactant molecules are amphipathic (they consist of two parts), each of which is attracted to a different phase. The front part of the molecule is usually hydrophilic and the end hydrophobic, or lipophilic and therefore forms a kind of bridge between two phases, which reduces the surface tension at the phase interface. By putting the surfactant into an aqueous solution, the surfactant molecules move to the phase interface (water-air), which reduces the surface tension. As the concentration of the lubricant in the solution increases, the surface tension decreases until the phase interface is saturated with the molecules of the lubricant.

Retention of the spray (retention of the substance on the leaf) is an important parameter of the effectiveness of the herbicide, because it determines the maximum amount of herbicide that can penetrate the surface of the plant. The higher the amount of retained glyphosate, the smaller the contact angle of the drops on the leaf surface and they can expand, which results in a larger contact surface of the leaves. Plant species show different wetness on their leaves due to different leaf architecture, such as leaf roughness and surface "wax". Based on this, the surfaces of plant species can be classified from easily wettable to difficult wettable, which describes why some plants exhibit very non-wetting properties and lead to low retention of splashed liquids.

This means that for better utilization of glyphosate, the addition of different types of adjuvants/surfactants could be beneficial not only for the effectiveness of the herbicide against weeds, but also for the environment, thanks to lower applied doses of the herbicide.

However, if the surface of the solution increases (formation of spray droplets), the need for additional surfactant molecules at the surface interface arises, and if there is not a sufficient concentration of surfactant in the solution, the reduction of the surface tension may not be maximally possible. The amount of wetting agent added to the application solution therefore mostly exceeds the value of KMK (critical micellar concentration) - measurement of conductivity and surface tension of solutions. This point is the critical micellar concentration (KMK), further increasing the concentration of the surfactant in the solution no longer reduces the surface tension, but the surfactant molecules aggregate and form various aggregates and micelles. On the other hand, it is important to realize that surfactants can increase the penetration of herbicides through most plant surfaces, which can negatively affect the selectivity of some herbicides, especially those whose selectivity is based on the impenetrability of the active substance through the surface barriers on the leaves.

The mechanism of increasing the uptake of herbicides by surfactants is relatively complex and is influenced by many internal and external factors, whereby individual groups of surfactants act differently on individual groups of herbicides.

The division of adjuvants can be carried out according to various aspects, e.g. according to their origin (vegetable oils, mineral oils, synthetic), according to dissociation in water (an event in which molecules or complexes split into two or more molecules, ions or radicals), according to belonging to a chemical group, or a combination of the above aspects.

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We defined adjuvants according to various parameters and according to their function:

• sources (vegetable or mineral oils - lemon grass) • activators or auxiliary substances (increases the spreadability and adhesion of the application liquid - glycerin) • surfactants (surface-active substances - lemon grass and glycerin)

Vegetable oils (used as adjuvants - in our case it is lemon grass) are obtained by pressing or extraction with solvents. The oils obtained in this way must be cleaned and free of impurities (slimes, gums, phospholipids, dyes, etc.). These softeners (or so-called . sources) reduce the evaporation of the application solution, increase its penetration through the wax layer and increase the resistance to precipitation. However, it does not reduce the selectivity of the herbicide to the crop. Cymbopogon Citratus essential oil shows strong phytotoxic activity and to suppress weeds - therefore it could be the basis for the development of natural herbicides. Formulations that can increase the effectiveness of this essential oil as a natural herbicide are currently being researched.

The most important group of adjuvants are herbicides - they are substances that increase the biological effectiveness of pesticides/herbicides by increasing and accelerating the penetration of herbicides into leaf tissues. Molecules of surfactants are amphipathic (i.e. they consist of two parts), each of which is attracted to a different phase. The front part of the molecule is usually hydrophilic and the end is lipophilic, thus forming a kind of bridge between the two phases, which reduces the surface tension of the spray droplets.

Mineral and vegetable oils (most often esterified) or synthesized substances (dissociable salts or esters; nonionic surfactants based on alcohols and fatty acids, organosilicates and other compounds) are used as wetting agents.

Basic properties of adjuvants:

• improvement of wettability and properties of the application liquid - reduction of the so-called surface tension • improvement of contact of the application liquid with the surface (skin) of plants • strengthening of the effect of herbicide preparations ("synergist")

The essence of the technical solution

The essence of the technical solution is a complete herbicidal preparation with the active (main) substance glyphosate (potassium salt of glyphosate) and two other substances, i.e., surface-active substance - lemon essential oil (it is a natural herbicide, vegetable oil) and adjuvant/surfactant - glycerin (astringent, etc.) .). The preparation is determined by its weed control activity, making it a systemic broad-spectrum herbicide with the use of synergistic agents and adjuvants/surfactants, etc.

It is a so-called EC formulation (emulsifiable concentrate), where in this composition we emphasize the synergistic activity of two auxiliary substances with glyphosate and similar functions - surfactant, i.e. surfactants that reduce surface tension, namely glycerin (it is an emollient) and vegetable oil of lemon essential oil, which also reduces its function by the amount of glyphosate used in the mixture of this preparation - concentrate. In other words, lemon essential oil and glycerin are so-called synergists of the effects of glyphosate - the potassium salt of glyphosate.

The preparation acts non-selectively, i.e. as a systematic herbicide against a wide spectrum of annual and perennial weeds. The proposed technical solution provides a type of effective herbicide preparation for weed control, but also a more environmentally friendly one, which is used to improve the control of weeds and at the same time reduces the amount of the active substance glyphosate already during the production of the herbicide preparation and thus adapts to current ecological requirements, it is also

- 7 CZ 37801 U1 using natural substances in the form of adjuvants etc. (glycerin) and natural herbicide (lemon grass).

The preparation should meet the following criteria for a herbicidal preparation:

- lower toxicity for non-target organisms, thanks to the lower content of glyphosate in the concentrate itself during the production of the preparation - emulsifiable concentrate

- when diluted with water - lower toxicity

- synergists/adjuvants/surfactants/surfactants are used

- synergistic effect (natural glycerin substances), strengthening the effect of the preparation, i.e. it facilitates and increases emulsification (force action occurs at the phase interface and the formation of small oil droplets in water, when the surface of the oil phase increases) and dispersion (scattering) during sticking to the sheet, including subsequent adhesion and smudging. This substance (also a surfactant) allows the herbicide to be deposited closer to the "skin" of the plants, thus increasing the contact with the leaf surface and keeping the herbicide in a soluble form, thus having the potential to achieve higher absorption.

- high efficiency (thanks to glycerin and lemongrass) in lower than usual doses of glyphosate, given that glycerin is not only an adjuvant (an agent for exceptional coverage of the surfaces of crops and plants), which will reduce the volume of spraying by up to 70% (together with lemon grass, including the function of surfactant for herbicide) but also the reduction of the economic costs of application

- thanks to the natural non-toxic herbicide - lemon grass, a synergistic effect is created, which is a non-ionic surface-active substance, it is an effective pre-emergence and post-emergence bio herbicide for broad-leaved and grass weeds

- cheaper production due to the lower use of glyphosate content in the herbicide

- faster degradation of the herbicide in the given environment after application to plants, thanks to the lower content of the active substance - glyphosate (potassium salt of glyphosate)

Glyphosate (Glyphosate Potassium Salt / potassium salt of glyphosate) CAS: 70901-12-1

Glyphosate, in our case - the potassium salt of glyphosate (density: 1.704 at 20 °C), is a broad-spectrum non-selective and post-emergent herbicide (belonging to the group of pesticides). Glyphosate therefore only affects growing plants and cannot be used as a preventive measure. Glyphosate works on the principle of inhibiting an enzyme (EPSPS - synthase catalyzes a reaction that converts sikimate-3-phosphate plus phosphoenolpyruvate into 5-enolpyruvylsikimate-3-phosphate), which is involved in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids - tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine in the plant body.

This substance inhibits the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP). Glyphosate is a phosphonic acid, which is formed by the formal oxidative connection of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine, and it is a type of organophosphorus pesticide, which is a type of broad-spectrum herbicide for controlling weeds with conductivity. It is one of the currently most used herbicides for weed control.

Glyphosate kills bacteria at 1 ppm, it is the active ingredient of this herbicide. It was patented as an antiparasitic agent and non-selective antibiotic, in 1964 as a metal chelator for pipe cleaning (US Patent 3,160,632 Stauffer Chemicals - 1964). This means that glyphosate kills plants and bacteria by chelating the metal.

Chelation is a physicochemical process in which organic compounds bind to metal cations (eg iron, magnesium, copper, calcium) with two or more bonds to form complex compounds.

Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide, which means it kills most plants. It prevents plants from making certain proteins that are necessary for plant growth. Glyphosate stops a specific sikimic acid enzyme pathway that is essential for plants and some microorganisms.

Glyphosate is absorbed through the leaves and partially through the roots, with the fact that it is transported to the so-called

- 8 CZ 37801 UI growth points and thus inhibits the plant enzyme involved in the synthesis of three aromatic amino acids - tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine.

For this reason, it is effective only in actively growing plants (post-emergent) and is not effective as a herbicide used in plant emergence (pre-emergent).

Glycerin (vegetable glycerol 99.5%) CAS: 56-81-5

Glycerin (or glycerol) is a natural substance - surfactant/surfactant, anionic surface-active substance, and also an activator - substance e.g. it helps the postfic solution to soften the surface of the weeds, because it helps to strengthen the active ingredient (glyphosate), i.e. it is a synergist that simultaneously functions as a universal adjuvant - carrier, moisturizer and antifreeze. It is a colorless viscous liquid without odor.

It is an organic compound that can quickly reduce the surface tension of the preparation on the leaves and at the same time serves its ability to be used as a general herbicidal preparation, with the fact that it is created using glycerin as an emulsifiable concentrate.

Glycerin (an organosilicone surfactant) adheres better to the sheet, it is also a carrier vehicle, i.e. a substance/mass added to the active substance, which supports changes in their physical and chemical properties (synergistic substance) and as an emulsifying moisturizer, emulsifier and agent.

Glycerin is also a non-ionic surface-active agent that can quickly reduce the surface tension of the substance applied to the leaf blade, and its strong wetting properties support the ability of the substance (glyphosate) to absorb the substance (glyphosate) on the leaf blade. Glycerin is also an activator - it increases the lubricity and therefore the adhesion (adhesion) of the liquid application, and its permeation property can stimulate the conductive transport of glyphosate in the plant body, thereby effectively improving the effect of this chemical substance. The reduction in spray volume can reach up to 70% with the use of glycerin to reduce water consumption and application costs, surfactants and especially glyphosate.

This means that glycerin (in this case, a glycerin synergist) serves not only as a strong weeding adjuvant, which can significantly improve the penetration of the herbicidal liquid under the surface of the weed leaves, but also as a target absorption and transport of herbicidal active ingredients, in favor of reducing the amount of glyphosate used and increasing effectiveness of this herbicide as a whole.

According to this composition containing glycerin, the application of the amount of the active substance - glyphosate is reduced, while the preventive effect is improved, if it is a so-called synergistic effect for improving the effectiveness of the applied herbicide composition (it is well known that there is an inverse correlation between dynamic surface tension and retention of leaves for agricultural post-fic solutions).

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After using a herbicide spray with glycerin on the target, the following synergistic effects occur between the individual chemicals on the leaf blade, with the following:

1. we expand the effective contact surface of the drops with glycerin, reduce the air gap between the solution and the surface of the leaf, thereby reducing the anti-diffusibility of the cuticle of the leaf (for plants, this is a protective, hydrophobic, waxy coating)

2. applied substance dissolves cuticular wax on the leaf when chemicals infiltrate the cuticle, as a co-solvent or stabilizing agent

3. we support the absorption of the herbicide solution with stable active substances - the pores and the space between the plant cells, thereby activating the chemicals entering the leaf blade of the plant

4. we quickly infiltrate the cuticle, which affects the solubility (in the cuticle), i.e. we cause the infiltration of two surface-active substances and an effective substance

5. Glycerin basically participates in the drying process, it prevents the drops of the preparation from drying quickly, thus prolonging the drying time - the penetration of substances into the leaf and thus the reaction of the preparation itself

6. based on a herbicide composition containing glycerin and lemongrass (so-called synergists for glyphosate - dissolve protective wax on the surface of the leaf), the application amount of glyphosate is reduced, while the preventive effect is improved

Glycerin (surfactant) in large quantities uses its own ability to maintain moisture on the leaf, which means that it ends up absorbing glyphosate in such a way that it absorbs the relevant substances after a longer period and thereby reduces the dosage of the preparation as a whole. Based on this, the effect of the action of glyphosate is prolonged and the overall effect of the herbicidal preparation in question is improved.

At the same time, the dosage of the preparation is reduced and the time efficiency is improved. Furthermore, this will allow us to better adapt to the relevant national requirements for the protection of the environment.

For this reason, the mentioned two adjuvants and glyphosate when homogenized (mixed) can reduce the amount of glyphosate used and increase the effect of this herbicidal substance - glyphosate, based on the synergism of lemon oil and glycerin.

Non-ionic surfactants (lemon oil and glycerol) - are non-reactive in that they are neither negatively nor positively charged. After drying, I leave it on the leaf and allow it to re-moisten after a while, which enables further absorption of herbicides. This means that glycerol also acts as a humectant, increasing the density of the preparation and thereby the drying time of the herbicide spray. The use of surfactant is especially economical when applying expensive preparations, or! enables a significant reduction of the dose per unit area, without reducing the biological activity.

Lemongrass CAS: 8007-02-1

Lemongrass (lemongrass essential oil) is a non-ionic surfactant and is used in this herbicide composition as a pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide against weeds. It can serve as a safer alternative to synthetic herbicides (a synergist for glyphosate) that are freely sold and used on the market. The primary goal of this preparation is to provide a new herbicidal composition against broadleaf and grass weeds that contain lemongrass oil as an active ingredient. Another goal is to provide a less toxic herbicide composition (reduction of glyphosate content) and at the same time a preparation that damages the environment as little as possible.

Essential oil from lemongrass (Lemongrass), in the presented composition, is used as a pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicide, if it is applied together with at least one of the synthetic or organic herbicides and one carrier oil, which is implemented in our case.

Lemongrass essential oil is also a surfactant - a surface-active non-ionic substance obtained from lemongrass, containing up to 80% citral, which is also commercialized as an organic herbicide, the mechanism of action of which involves disrupting the polymerization of plant microtubules. Another task is to make herbicide treatment more efficient, i.e. to reduce the amount of herbicide as a whole, while

- 10 CZ 37801 U1 preservation or increase of biological effectiveness and selectivity.

Lemongrass contains: D-limonene citral, nerol, myrcene, farnesol, linalool and geraniol.

D-limonene is an aromatic chemical substance and a strong surface-active substance that quickly dissolves fats, oils and especially - waxes, which is very important (it affects the surface of the leaves).

D-limonene is a common ingredient in most natural household cleaners. It is also used to wash greasy car parts and as a safe substitute for mineral gasoline. When using this chemical substance, the cells of the leaves become more permeable to water and the plants die from dehydration.

Surfactants also facilitate and increase emulsification and dispersion (dispersion) in the spray, then adhesion (sticking) and wetting. Surfactant is a substance that makes it possible to deposit the herbicide closer to the "skin" of the plants, thereby increasing contact with the leaf surface, at the same time, the surface tension can improve the herbicide product and its usability in practice.

Surfactants of a non-ionic nature (they do not have an ionic charge like e.g. lemongrass), are hydrophobic and are among the most commonly recommended surfactants with post-emergence herbicides. It acts as a surfactant and emulsion stabilizer, which is easily biodegradable.

Lemongrass oil acts as a contact herbicide, and since the active substance is not translocated into the root system, only the parts of the plants that receive the spray solution are affected.

Adjuvants and surfactants (glycerin and lemongrass):

Most of the adjuvants are surfactants (blisters, surfactants, etc.), which also include glycerin and lemongrass. These are substances that increase the biological effectiveness of herbicides by not only increasing the wettability of the spray liquid and improving the coverage of the target surface. At the same time, I speed up the penetration (so-called penetrants) of the effective substance through the surface layers. Under most application conditions, the herbicidal effectiveness of glyphosate can be increased by including in the composition the addition of surface-active substances - lemon grass and glycerin.

It is believed that such surfactants act, among other things, to facilitate the penetration of glyphosate, a relatively hydrofilm compound, through the hydrophobic cell membrane that normally covers the above-ground surfaces of higher plants, i.e. on the leaf blades and thus enables a more significant effect of glyphosate as such.

Surfactant molecules are amphipathic - they consist of two parts, each of which is attracted to a different phase. The front part of the molecule is usually hydrophilic and the end hydrophobic, or lipophilic, and therefore forms a kind of bridge between two phases, which reduces the surface tension at the phase interface.

As the concentration of the wetting agent in the solution increases, the surface tension decreases until the phase interface is saturated with the wetting agent molecules.

Our reason for using surfactants (especially when applying more expensive preparations) is economic, because it enables a significant reduction of the dose per unit area, without reducing the biological activity.

Summary of the effectiveness of the substances used - glycerin and lemongrass:

The function of the adjuvant (a strong but effective weeding agent) is to modify the physical properties of the herbicide spray solution, with the aim of increasing the surface tension of the herbicide, the weeding power, especially the absorption power and further the weeding effect at a lower (than normal) concentration, which increases weed control and reduces economic Cost:

- 11 CZ 37801 U1 • increased penetration ensures better acceptance of the herbicide and thus its effectiveness • better treatment by spraying - adhesion on the plant surface • resistance to rain to reduce the dilution of the herbicide in question • lower amounts of active substances used in the preparation - glyphosate • protects the herbicide preparation from evaporation especially when applied at high temperatures • prolongs the time of wetting the sheet after application and thereby prolongs the effectiveness of the contact preparation

Adjuvants as activators and penetrants - glycerin and lemon grass:

This is a group of adjuvants affecting the effectiveness of herbicides, most often by increasing the absorption (uptake) of the herbicide by the surface of the leaves (in our case, adjuvant - glycerin).

Vegetable oils used as adjuvants - in our case, lemon grass. These so-called wetting agents reduce the evaporation of the application solution, increase its penetration through the wax layer and increase the resistance to shocks, so in this case it is also a penetrant.

Penetrants improve the transfer of active substances from the surface of the leaf to its internal tissues and include:

• vegetable oils (used in herbicide composition - lemon grass) • mineral oils • esterified vegetable oils • organosilicate surfactants • acidified surfactants

Most of the adjuvants are also surfactants (surface-active substances) of herbicides, which improve sulfur and the adhesion of the spray droplets to the target surfaces, reducing the surface tension of the herbicide formulation and increasing the coverage of the leaves by the spray (these are used in the herbicide composition - glycerin and Lemongrass):

• wetting agent, a non-ionic auxiliary substance to improve the coverage of treated parts of plants with the application liquid • after drying, I leave it on the leaf and after it rains, I allow re-moistening, which enables further absorption of herbicides - the wetting agent and non-ionic auxiliary substance serve to improve the coverage of the treated parts of the plants with the application liquid • non-ionic surfactants are unreactive in that they are neither negatively nor positively charged • anionic surfactants - have a negative charge • cationic surfactants - have a positive charge

Humectants increase the density/drying time of the herbicide spray:

• glycerol (not used in herbicide composition - glycerin or glycerol) • propylene glycol • diethyl glycol

Examples of implementation of a technical solution

It is a composition of a herbicide preparation, an EC formulation (emulsifiable concentrate), which causes weed control by its activity, with the use of synergistic agents, adjuvants, etc.

The presented examples of the implementation of a technical solution provide a type of effective herbicide preparation, which tries to adapt to today's ecological requirements by reducing the volume of glyphosate in the herbicide in question, against non-toxic preparations, by using natural substances in the form of a natural adjuvant (glycerin) and also a natural herbicide - surface-active substances

- 12 CZ 37801 U1 (lemongrass).

Before use, the herbicide preparation (concentrate) is diluted with water in the appropriate ratio and then prepared for use for the purpose of removing weedy plants (dilution of the concentrate is given in the section - Industrial use).

This preparation is presented in three examples of the technical solution, including the relevant table.

Example 1

Preparation with the following composition of herbicide preparation (concentrate), for treating different types of weedy soils (areas).

All the listed substances (chemical agents) are in liquid form and are soluble in cold water. The fabrics listed below were mixed at temperatures between 19 and 23°C.

The raw materials (chemical agents) listed in the table of examples were dissolved at room temperature in demineralized water, the herbicide of the solution. The tested samples are considered 100% and were diluted with demineralized water to the required concentrations.

The herbicidal composition is prepared by dissolving the complexing agent: glyphosate (potassium salt of glyphosate) - 150 g/1000 g, in demineralized water.

Next, the following is added to the demineralized water solution: glycerin (vegetable glycerol) - 31 g/1000 g and lemon grass oil (natural lemongrass oil) - 1.7 g/1000 g. The result of this process is a clear homogeneous solution.

The balance of up to 100% of the weight of this herbicidal preparation is made up of demineralized water.

Example 2

Preparation with the following composition of herbicide preparation (concentrate), for treating various types of weedy areas.

All the listed substances (chemical agents) are in liquid form and are soluble in cold water. The fabrics listed below were mixed at temperatures between 19 and 23°C.

The raw materials (chemical agents) listed in the table of examples were dissolved at room temperature in demineralized water, the herbicide of the solution. The tested samples are considered 100% and were diluted with demineralized water to the required concentrations.

The herbicidal composition is prepared by dissolving the complexing agent: glyphosate (potassium salt of glyphosate) - 180 g/1000 g, in demineralized water.

Next, the following is added to the demineralized water solution: glycerin (vegetable glycerol) - 38 g/1000 g and lemon grass oil (natural lemongrass oil) - 2.4 g/1000 g. The result of this process is a clear homogeneous solution.

The balance of up to 100% of the weight of this herbicidal preparation is made up of demineralized water.

Example 3

Preparation with the following composition of herbicide preparation (concentrate), for treating various types of weedy areas.

- 13 CZ 37801 U1

All the listed substances (chemical agents) are in liquid form and are soluble in cold water. The fabrics listed below were mixed at temperatures between 19 and 23°C.

The raw materials (chemical agents) listed in the table of examples were dissolved at room temperature in demineralized water, the herbicide of the solution. The tested samples are considered 100% and were diluted with demineralized water to the required concentrations.

The herbicidal composition is prepared by dissolving the complexing agent: glyphosate (potassium salt of glyphosate) - 230 g/1000 g, in demineralized water.

Next, the following is added to the demineralized water solution: glycerin (vegetable glycerol) - 42 g/1000 g and lemon grass oil (natural lemongrass oil) - 3 g/1000 mg. The result of this process is a clear homogeneous solution.

The balance of up to 100% of the weight of this herbicidal preparation is made up of demineralized water.

Based on the given table of examples, the optimal composition from column 3 was selected.

Raw material/bar (g/1000 g concentrate) 1 2 3 Glyphosate (potassium salt of glyphosate) 150 180 230 Glycerin (vegetable glycerol) 31 38 42 Lemongrass (natural essential oil) 1.7 2.4 3 Water (demineralized) 1000 g 1000 g 1000 g

The application conditions (for the prevention of the growth of non-emergent plants - weeds) increased the herbicidal effectiveness of glyphosate by including two synergists (glycerin and lemongrass), surface-active substances in the herbicidal composition.

Such surfactants act synergistically and thereby not only facilitate the penetration of glyphosate into the leaf blade, relatively hydrophilic compounds are hydrophobic by the cell membrane that covers the above-ground surfaces of plants, but also strengthen the effect of glyphosate (these are so-called synergists).

Increased effectiveness of the herbicide, with a lower content of Glyphosate according to factors:

Factor 1: effectiveness - the essence of the technical solution is focused on the herbicide glyphosate, with a lower volume of this active ingredient thanks to the synergist (also in production) approx. 150 - 230 ml/liter of concentrate due to the increased effectiveness of the synergist - glycerin and lemon grass. Glycerin, in particular, reduces the surface tension of the applied substance on the leaf blade, and its strong wetness supports the ability of sulfurizing the substance (glyphosate).

Factor 2: economic yield - then it is mainly a matter of reducing the volume of the spray (such as glycerin and Lemongrass) when diluting the preparation with water, i.e. before spraying the plants itself, based on the strong adhesion of glycerin and Lemongrass. The use of these two surfactants is very economical, especially when applying expensive preparations, because it enables a significant reduction of the dose per unit area, without reducing the biological activity. When using glycerin and Lemongrass, the spray volume can be reduced by up to 70% due to the reduction of water consumption, the cost of application, and thus a lower volume of glyphosate used.

Factor 3: systemic yield - Lemongrass contains D-limonene citral, which is a fragrant chemical and strong surfactant (so-called penetrant) that quickly dissolves the wax on the leaves, which is very important for permeation or permeability of substances through the leaf surface. When using Lemongrass, the cells of the leaves become more permeable to water and the plants die of dehydration.

- 14 CZ 37801 U1

Factor 4: environmental friendliness - Lemongrass essential oil and glycerin are used in the herbicidal composition, so-called synergists (natural substances), which enhance the herbicidal preparation's effects. Lemongrass as a pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide against weeds that enhances the effect of glyphosate. Lemongrass is also a safer alternative to synthetic herbicides. The primary goal of this preparation is to provide a cheaper herbicide composition and at the same time a preparation that damages the environment less by limiting the amount of glyphosate used in the given preparation.

Shelf life of the product (expiration): 3 years from the date of manufacture when properly stored in the original, undamaged packaging (storage temperature +3 to +28 °C).

Features: effective from 5 °C. It is resistant to rain approx. 4 hours after application.

The preparation is intended for professional users according to - the Certificate of Professional Competence, where only persons with a valid certificate II can purchase this preparation. or III. degree - professional qualifications for handling preparations according to Act No. 199/2012 Coll. and decrees c. 206/2012 Coll. or persons for whom a person with such a valid certificate vouches.

Specifications for the use of herbicide concentrate - EC formulation

Soil preparation before sowing or planting:

In order to achieve sufficient translocation of our preparation into the rhizomes, it is always necessary to consider cultivation at the earliest one week after application. In the case of most perennial weeds, it is necessary to wait at least 7 to 9 days before cultivation. In contact with the soil, the preparation is inactivated.

The most effective treatments are carried out from the time of bud planting to flowering, when the plants are in full growth.

We plant or sow crops after applying the preparation and after the treated weeds have browned and dried, signs of action will appear approx. 1 to 4 weeks after application, annual weeds die approx. in 5 to 10 days and perennial weeds in approx. 2 to 4 weeks.

Arable land, stubble - twice a year:

We treat before sowing/planting against overgrown and newly grown weeds after harvest. After harvest - before creeping, when it should be in the phase of at least 3 to 4 developed leaves.

Meadows and pastures - twice a year:

We treat in the form of renewal of permanent grasslands, especially against dandelion.

Orchards, fruit alleys - 1 x a year (spray or paint):

Grapes, stone fruits, stone fruits, except for peaches - 2x a year:

Spray under the crowns of trees or vines. Leaves of fruit trees and vines must not be planted during treatment.

We use a lower dose against mealybugs, weevils and creeping insects. We use a higher dose against dandelion, slovenia rolni and nettle dioecious. Pay attention to the treatment, if there is a risk of planting cumin by spraying, it is recommended to carry out the treatment no earlier than the third year after planting.

Non-agricultural soil - heavy vegetation (twice a year):

The preparation can be used to remove by spraying unwanted vegetation near railway corridors and stations, as well as during maintenance around roads and in company premises.

Also when performing municipal maintenance - on lawns, sidewalks, parking lots, graveyards, etc. Suitable time for first application from April to the end of June, second application in August and September.

Non-agricultural forest land - heavy with unwanted weeds and so-called weeds (1 to 2x a year): Treatment with Glyphosate-Plus on forest land - for weeds and weed growth (i.e. cutting or cutting grass, blackberries, raspberries, bushes, etc.). We do it in August and in the fall, until the vegetation is in full growth and the leaves are green.

- 15 CZ 37801 U1

Non-agricultural soil - consisting of non-living trees, i.e. cuttings, cuttings (twice a year):

The treatment is carried out by rubbing or spraying into cuts on the trunk with the exception of bruises, the first application is suitable from April to the end of June, the second application is in August and September.

Preparation for dosing the herbicide application preparation:

A measured amount of the preparation is poured into the applicator reservoir half filled with water and, with constant stirring, it is topped up to the specified volume.

In order to successfully control perennial, deep-rooted weeds, it is necessary - sufficiently large areas of leaves at the time of spraying to ensure the greatest possible absorption of the herbicide (active substance) into the plants.

Taxation by category - non-agricultural land (1 to 2 times a year):

Weed control: along railway lines, station tracks, other land of the railway and the surrounding area, maintenance around roads, also applies to public areas, parking lots, sports grounds, sidewalks, etc. The appropriateness of the timing of the application of chemical agents to ensure their maximum effectiveness depending on the climatic conditions, the time of the first application from April to the end of June, the second application in the months of August and September to the same extent for the purpose of eliminating secondary weeds, etc., • non-agricultural soil (non-growing vegetation)

- 35 ml / 2 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 0 days (OL - protection period)

Taxation by category - forest farms (twice a year):

Weed sprays in the forest - forest farms, forest nurseries and plantations, which are mainly intended for the elimination of non-germinating weeds before the planting of forest tree seedlings, as well as for the control of non-germinating trees, weeds (weeds and bushes), including young trees.

• non-agricultural land - forest farms (non-growing vegetation)

- 35 ml / 2 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 0 days 100x100=10,000 m 1Ha • non-agricultural land - forest farms (non-growing young trees)

100 ml / 1 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 0 days (nâter or nâstrik in zâsekû)

Dosing by category - agricultural soil, perennial and annual weeds (twice a year / * unless otherwise specified):

Weed sprays - arable land, meadows and pastures, permanent grass, orchards.

• arable land, stubble (creeping feathers)

- 30 ml / 2 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 0 days (after harvest) • arable land (perennial weeds) ml / 2 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 0 days (after harvest) • soil preparation before sowing and planting (weeds one year old)

5 - 20 ml / 2 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 0 days 15x100= 1.5 l per 1 Ha • soil preparation before sowing and planting (perennial weeds)

- 30 ml / 2 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 0 days

- 16 CZ 37801 U1 • meadows and pastures - 1x a year (restoration of TTP - permanent grass cover)

- 35 ml / 2 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 14 days • vines, fruit orchards other than peach - 1x a year (annual weeds, knapweed), it is possible to use glyphosate for peach in the garden - new ml / 2 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 7 days (can also be used in the system of integrated fruit cultivation - according to the rules of the SISPO association applicable to fruit) • grapevines, fruit orchards other than peach - 1x a year (for milkweed, pachâc, creeper's feather, peasant silkworm) 20 - 40 ml / 2 l of water / 100 m2 / OL 7 days (can also be used in the system of integrated fruit cultivation - according to the rules of the SISPO association applicable to fruit)

Advantages of the herbicide preparation:

• the new composition of the herbicide preparation with the help of two synergists - reduces the amount of use of the active substance (glyphosate) and the herbicide preparation as a whole, at the same time it increases adhesion (adhesion), penetration on the leaf and other parameters of the substance • increased penetration ensures better acceptance of the herbicide and effectiveness - weeding technology, so-called synergists - glycerin (acts as a strong, but astringent, non-chemical astringent) and lemon grass • prolongs, in the form of a synergistic effect, the time of leaf moisturization after application, which guarantees a higher effectiveness of the systemic preparation (extends the effectiveness of contact preparations and thereby enables the gradual release of active substances into plants) • surfactants (adjuvants) are designed to improve biological and other factors by changing the interphase properties of the compositions • using another synergistic effect with the help of essential oil - a natural herbicide of lemon grass, which acts as a pre-emergence and also a post-emergence herbicide and strengthens the effect of glyphosate • one of the substances in lemon grass - D-limonene is a fragrant chemical substance and a strong surface-active substance that quickly dissolves fats, oils and especially - waxes, which is very important (on the surface of the leaves) and thereby increases the rate of permeation (permeation) of glyphosate .

• functional in cold and very warm periods - works in conditions (+ 3 °C to 31 °C) • two synergists protect the preparation from evaporation, especially when applied at high temperatures • new composition thanks to the surfactant of the herbicide preparation reduces the amount of droplets when spraying • the preparation it is designed in such a way as to improve the absorption performance and resistance to rain, i.e. it increases the wetting ability to reduce the wetting of the herbicide

Herbicide application by mechanical application to plants:

The herbicide preparation can be applied in various ways - with the help of aerial sprayers, spreaders, shoulder sprayers, blanket wipers, rope wick applicators, etc.

Spraying on the leaf can also be done in other ways:

• help of spraying from the vehicle • unit with hose and manual spray gun

- 17 CZ 37801 U1 • low-volume pressure hand or backpack spray unit

Spraying on the leaf is carried out by applying herbicide diluted with water in a certain dose and then spraying on the leaf up to the point of dripping, with the fact that each leaf should be moistened.

Industrial usability

Herbicides are widely used to control plants such as weeds or grass and are by far the most widely used class of pesticides worldwide. In 2021, according to statistics, the global consumption of herbicides reached 1.7 million tons, while the consumption of the latter types of pesticides was less than one million.

Use the preparation:

Herbicides are chemical agents intended for the destruction of plants - the removal of intractable weeds. Their use can be easily encountered in various areas of human activity, most often in agriculture, forestry, transport (road and rail corridors) or when performing urban maintenance.

In our case, it is a systemic non-selective herbicide, where the active substance of the herbicide is glyphosate (potassium salt of glyphosate) combined with so-called synergists (adjuvants, surfactants, etc.) glycerin and lemon grass. It is a glyphosate-based herbicide formulation including an aqueous concentrate, which requires simple dilution and mixing in water for application by the end user.

The preparation acts non-selectively as a foliar systematic herbicide against a wide spectrum of annual and perennial weeds and grasses, which are used on arable and non-agricultural land, but also in orchards, vineyards, gardens, etc.

After application to the leaves of actively growing weeds, this preparation is translocated through the leaves to the roots, stems, and rhizomes, which leads to the total destruction of the plant. For this reason, it is important that the weeds reach a sufficient surface area of the leaves, ensuring the absorption of this herbicide preparation. The optimal time for application against perennial weeds is just before or at the beginning of flowering.

Claims (2)

1. Herbicide, characterized by the fact that it contains glyphosate in the form of a potassium salt in an amount from 2% to 78% by weight. medium, glycerin in amounts from 0.5% to 44% by weight. 5 medium, lemon grass in amounts from 0.02% to 26% by weight. medium and the balance up to 100% wt. consists of demineralized water. 2. Herbicide according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is in the form of a solution.