CZ35884U1 - Additive to increase the effectiveness of spray mixtures - Google Patents

Description

Additive to increase the effectiveness of spray mixtures

Field of technology

The technical solution relates to an additive for increasing the efficiency of spray mixtures in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, in particular mixtures containing pesticides and / or fertilizers.

State of the art

The active ingredients of pesticides require the optimum pH of the spray liquor, usually slightly acidic, for their optimal action on pathogens. If this is not the case, the active substance either acts with less effectiveness or even decomposes in solution and does not act at all.

The requirements of some selected active substances for the optimal pH are given in Table 1.

Table 1

name of the active substance critical pH limit optimal pH product example group 2,4-D > 7 MUSTANG herbicide abamectin 6 to 7 VERTIMEC acaricide acetamiprid > 7 5 to 6 MOSPILAN insecticide azadirachtin 5.5 to 6.5 NEEMAZAL insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis > 8 6 LEPINOX biological insecticide bentazone 8.1 to 8.8 BASAGRAN herbicide bifenthrin 4 to 6 TALSTAR insecticide buprofezin 5.5 to 6.5 APPLAUD insecticide clofentezine > 8 APOLLO acaricide Cu fungicides <6 7 to 9 fungicide dicamba > 6 BANVEL herbicide Dimethoat > 7 5 DANADIM insecticide flumioxazine > 6 SUMIMAX herbicide fosetyl-Al > 8 6 ALIETTE fungicide glufosinate 5.5 BASTION herbicide glyphosate 5.5 ROUNDUP herbicide imidacloprid 5 to 7 CONFIDOR insecticide iprodione > 8 ROVRAL fungicide captain > 7 5 CAPTAN fungicide kresoximmethyl 3 to 7 DISCUSSION fungicide malathion > 7 FYFANON insecticide mancozeb 6 DITHANE fungicide methiocarb 6.5 to 7 MESUROL insecticidal mordant napropamide 5.5 to 7 DEVRINOL herbicide pymetrozine 7 to 9 PLENUM insecticide pyrethroids > 8 5 to 6 insecticide pyrimethanil 6 to 7 SCALE fungicide pyriproxyfen 5.5 to 6.5 HARPUN insecticide

- 1 CZ 35884 UI

spinosad 6 SPINTOR insecticide spirotetramat 4 to 5 MOVEMENT insecticide

It follows from Table 1 that different active substances require different pH for optimal action, and the application must be approached with this in mind. Recently, insecticides from the group of pyrethroids have become important, which require approximately pH = 5 to 6 for optimal effectiveness, which is also optimal for a number of other active ingredients.

As a result of the savings in application technology, growers often apply pesticides and foliar fertilizers together. At the same time, the vast majority of foliar fertilizers have an alkaline pH, which significantly worsens the situation with the resulting pH of the spray mixture for a substantial part of the active ingredients. However, even when the pesticide itself is applied, even though it has a low buffering capacity compared to foliar fertilizer, problems with unsatisfactory pH arise, especially when using hard water.

A typical example where unsatisfactory pH virtually eliminates the active substance is the use of pesticides with the active substance captan. It is often mixed with boron compounds, but it adjusts the pH of the mixture to a value around pH = 8. The half-life of captan at pH = 8 is only 10 minutes, which in practice means that before the filled sprayer arrives in the treated culture and starts application, the active substance is practically eliminated.

At present, adjusting the pH of the spray liquid for substances requiring an acidic pH is solved by adding substances with an acidifying effect. However, this method requires completely accurate dosing of all components affecting the resulting pH of the solution. Thus, the acidic and basic components of the solution must be accurately balanced to bring the resulting pH closer to the desired one. This places increased demands on the operator, since any change in the spray mixture recipe must be changed again in the dosage of the added acidifying component, or it is necessary to perform a check with a calibrated pH-meter, which is not easy in field conditions.

If the adjustment of the final pH of the solution is not solved, the target action on the pathogen is weaker, which in turn may cause insufficient effectiveness of pesticide treatment, but due to the lower concentration of active substance may gradually cause pathogen resistance to the active substance.

Thus, there is a need in the art for additives both to pesticides themselves and to a mixture of pesticides with foliar fertilizers, which would sufficiently stabilize the optimal pH of the spray liquid, or even in small amounts even after changing the spray mixture recipe. At the same time, it should not require a special caustic handling regime, etc., and should not disproportionately increase spraying costs. The additive should be non-toxic to plants, preferably usable by plants as a nutrient. Furthermore, it would be advantageous for the additive to at least partially compensate for the stress effect of the pesticide on the crop after application and to allow easier penetration of the active ingredients of the spray liquid into the plant.

The essence of the technical solution

The essence of the technical solution is an additive for increasing the effectiveness of spray mixtures in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, characterized in that it is in the form of an aqueous solution containing at least one carboxylic acid which is partially neutralized to the corresponding salt, the carboxylic acid being selected from acetic acid. propionic, lemon, lactic and glycol, at least one corresponding cation of the salt is selected from K ⁺ , NHU, Na ⁺ , HO- (CH 2) 2 -NH 3 ⁺ , CH 3 CH 2 (OH) CH 2 NH 3 ⁺ , HO- (CH 2) 2 -NH ( CH ₃ ) 2 ⁺ , [HO- (CH ₂ ) 2 -] 2 NH ₂ ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ ,

-2 CZ 35884 UI the sum of molar concentrations of acids and their salts is in the range of 6 to 14 mol / l, and the degree of acid neutralization is in the range of 0.3 to 0.9. In a preferred embodiment, the pH of the resulting solution is in the range of 4.0 to 6.0.

By acid neutralization step is meant herein the ratio of the amount of carboxyl groups present in the form of a salt to the total amount of carboxyl groups in solution.

In a preferred embodiment, the additive comprises at least one carboxylic acid selected from acetic acid and propionic acid, the sum of the molar concentrations of acids and their salts being in the range of 6 to 10 mol / l, and the degree of acid neutralization being in the range of 0.3 to 0.6, more preferably The pH of the solution is in the range of 4.5 to 5.8.

In another preferred embodiment, the additive comprises acetic acid as carboxylic acid, wherein the sum of the molar concentrations of the acid and its salts is in the range of 6.5 to 9.3 mol / l and the degree of acid neutralization is in the range of 0.4 to 0.6, more preferably the pH of the solution is in the range of 4.5 to 5.8.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the additive comprises acetic acid as the carboxylic acid, the respective salt cations being selected from Ka NHf. wherein the sum of the molar concentrations of the acid and its salts is in the range of 6.5 to 9.3 mol / l, and the degree of neutralization of the acid is in the range of 0.4 to 0.6. Even more preferably, the pH of the solution is in the range of 4.8 to 5.6.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the additive comprises acetic acid as carboxylic acid, the respective salt cations are selected from K ⁺ and NH 3, the molar ratio of K ⁺ and NHV cations is 1: 1, the sum of the molar concentrations of acid and its salts being in the range of 8.0 to 8 .6 mol / l and the degree of neutralization of the acid is 0.5. The pH of the solution is more preferably in the range of 4.8 to 5.5.

The additive according to the technical solution acts as a buffer which, at a preferred target value of the spray mixture in the range of pH 5 to 6, has a high buffering efficiency. Furthermore, the composition of the composition according to the technical solution is characterized by the easy availability of raw materials, their relatively low price and the non-toxicity of the components used for plants within the recommended use. The composition of the buffer is such that its components do not have a negative effect on the addition of other components of the spray mixture (precipitation, balancing of active substances into non-functional complexes, etc.).

Spray mixture or "spraying" means a liquid agrochemical mixture intended for spraying useful and ornamental plants, seeds and / or soil, which contains one or more agrochemically active substances in the form of a solution and / or dispersed particles in a solvent or solvent mixture.

The agrochemically active substance is not limited by effect or action, and may be a pesticide, e.g., insecticide, acaricide, nematicide, herbicide, fungicide, rodenticide, plant growth regulator, and fertilizer, e.g., foliar fertilizer.

By solvent is meant, but is not limited to, water, monohydric or polyhydric alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol.

The spray composition may contain one or more excipients, such as, but not limited to, a surfactant, an antifreeze additive, a penetration aid, an anti-stress additive, inorganic particles such as clays and silica, pigments, dyes, defoamers, and the like.

The additive for increasing the effectiveness of the spray mixtures can, in a preferred embodiment, contain urea as an additional component, which the plant uses as a nitrogen source, and at the same time acts as a penetrator of applied other nutrients and pesticide active ingredients into the leaf. The concentration of urea in the additive can be up to 3.4 mol / l.

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Another component that may be advantageously included in the spray additive additive is betaine. It is an anti-stress substance which does not affect the pH of the solution, but helps the treated plant to compensate for the partial negative effect of the active substance used on it. Although this is not a direct target action of the active substance on the treated plant, each pesticide treatment (especially herbicides) is always associated with a certain negative side effect on the treated plant. The betaine concentration in the additive can be up to 0.18 mol / l. The term "betaine" is used herein to refer to betaine in any of its forms. Preferably, the betaine is used in the form of the hydrochloride.

The additive for increasing the efficiency of the spray mixtures according to the technical solution most preferably contains urea with a concentration of up to 3.4 mol / l and betaine with a concentration of up to 0.18 mol / l.

For example, the additive for increasing the effectiveness of the spray mixtures preferably contains acetic acid at a concentration of 4.14 mol / l, ammonium acetate at a concentration of 2.06 mol / l, potassium acetate at a concentration of 2.06 mol / l, betaine at a concentration of 19.6 mmol. / 1, urea with a concentration of 0.85 mol / l, or up to 10% by weight, from the addition of at least one of the usual auxiliaries of agrochemical mixtures selected from the group of surfactants, antifreeze additives, penetration auxiliaries, anti-stress additives, inorganic particles, pigments, dyes and defoamers.

The active ingredients of this additive contain nitrogen and potassium, which the plants can use as nutrients after application. Another advantage is that the described additive does not fall into the category of caustics (acetic acid content is less than 25% by weight) with a more complicated handling regime.

The additive can be prepared by dissolving the acid and its corresponding salt in water in a molar ratio corresponding to the desired degree of neutralization. The additive can also be prepared by partial neutralization of the acid with hydroxides selected from KOH, NH4OH, NaOH, Mg (OH) 2, Ca (OH) 2 and Zn (OH) 2, leading to the required degree of neutralization, or by partial neutralization of the acid with oxides selected from MgO , CaO and ZnO, leading to the required degree of neutralization, possibly by partial neutralization of the acid with ammonia or free bases HO- (CH 2) 2 -NH 2, CH 3 CH 2 (OH) CH 2 NH 2, HO- (CH ₂ ) 2 -N (CH ₃ ) 2, [ HO- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -] 2 NH, leading to the desired degree of neutralization, or a combination of the above procedures leading to the desired degree of neutralization.

For example, the rate of additive may be in the range of 0.05 to 2 l / ha, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 l / ha, most preferably 1.0 l / ha of treated area, and may also be adjusted to suit the group or producers of agrochemically active substances. The additive dose of 1.0 1 / ha of treated area can be considered as a universally applicable dose for most applications, ie for the usual dosing of eg pesticides, foliar fertilizers and their mixtures per 1 ha.

Dosing in the stated amount will cause the desired pH to be adjusted, eg a mixture of pesticide and foliar fertilizer, without the sprayer operator having to accurately balance all the substances in the solution affecting the final pH. This greatly simplifies the operation when preparing the spray lance and minimizes errors in the application of a spray with an unsatisfactory pH with all the above-mentioned consequences.

Furthermore, it has been found that the desired preferred pH is stable even with a gradual increase in the concentration of the spray broth, which occurs due to evaporation after application to the leaves of the plants.

The spray mixture is preferably prepared close to the place of use by diluting one or more concentrates with a solvent, in particular water, it being necessary to avoid mixing the individual concentrates. Preferably, the spray tank is filled with water to almost the final volume, buffer is added with constant stirring, then foliar fertilizer (if used in the spray) and finally the pesticide.

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Examples of technical solutions

Furthermore, the present technical solution will be described in more detail by means of examples, which, however, are not limited in any way.

Example 1 - composition of ingredients and their preparation

Tables 2 to 4 summarize the composition of the ingredients in molar concentrations. For each additive, the sum of the molar concentration of the acid and its salts and the degree of neutralization of the acid are given. The prepared ingredients P01 to P15 had a pH = 5.

Table 2. Composition of additives to increase the effectiveness of spray mixtures formed from acetic acid and its salts.

Ingredient number P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07 P08 P09 Molar concentration of the component (mol / l) Acetic acid 8.26 8.26 8.26 8.26 8.26 4.14 5.82 7.88 5.44 Sodium hydroxide 3.45 Potassium hydroxide 3.61 0.98 3.68 1.54 Ethanolamine 3.47 1-aminopropan-2-ol 3.70 Diethanolamine 3.77 Potassium acetate 2.06 Ammonium acetate 2.06 Magnesium acetate 1.22 1.22 Zinc acetate 0.19 0.19 Sum of molar concentration of acid and its salts (mol / l) 8.26 8.26 8.26 8.26 8.26 8.26 8.26 8.26 8.26 Degree of acid neutralization 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.50 0.41 0.49 0.53

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Table 3. Composition of additives to increase the effectiveness of spray mixtures formed from propionic acid and its salts.

Ingredient number P10 P11 P12 Molar concentration of components ky (mol / l) Propionic acid 6.70 6.70 6.70 Potassium hydroxide 2.39 Ethanol amine 2.59 1-aminopropan-2-ol 2.58 Sum of molar concentration of acid and its salts (mol / l) 6.70 6.70 6.70 Degree of acid neutralization 0.36 0.39 0.39

Table 4. Composition of additives to increase the effectiveness of spray mixtures formed from citric acid and its salts.

Ingredient number P13 P14 P15 Molar concentration of the component (mol / l) Citric acid 2.60 2.60 2.60 Potassium hydroxide 6.83 Ethanolamine 5.05 1-aminopropan-2-ol 4.32 Sum of molar concentration of acid and its salts (mol / l) 2.60 2.60 2.60 Degree of acid neutralization 0.88 0.65 0.55

Example 2 - preparation of ingredients

The individual ingredients were prepared by dissolving the batches of substances listed in Tables 5-7 in water and then making up to 100 ml. Additives P01 to P05 and P10 to P15 needed to be actively cooled during preparation to prevent the solutions from being overheated by the heat of neutralization.

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Table 5 - Weights of ingredients for the preparation of additives from acetic acid and its salts

Ingredient number P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07 P08 P09 Test tube for the preparation of 100 ml of ingredient (g) Acetic acid 49.6 49.6 49.6 49.6 49.6 24.8 34.9 47.3 32.7 Sodium hydroxide 13.8 Potassium hydroxide 20.2 5.5 20.6 8.6 Ethanolamine 21.2 1-aminopropan-2-ol 27.8 Diethanolamine 39.6 Potassium acetate 20.2 Ammonium acetate 15.9 Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate 26.2 26.2 Zinc acetate dihydrate 4.2 4.2

Table 6 - Weights of ingredients for the preparation of propionic acid additives and their salts

Ingredient number P10 P11 P12 Weighing preparation of 100 ml of ingredient (g) Propionic acid 6.70 6.70 Potassium hydroxide 2.39 Ethanolamine 2.59 1-aminopropan-2-ol 2.58

Table 7 - Weights of ingredients for the preparation of citric acid additives and their salts

Ingredient number P13 P14 P15 Test tube for the preparation of 100 ml of ingredient (g) Citric acid monohydrate 2.60 2.60 2.60 Potassium hydroxide 6.83 Ethanolamine 5.05 1-aminopropan-2-ol 4.32

Example 3 - preparation of another embodiment of an additive with a preferred composition

In addition to acetic acid and its salts, additive P16 contains other substances that improve its effectiveness. It was prepared by gradually adding the batches of substances listed in Table 8 to water of the indicated weight with stirring.

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Table 8 - Weights of ingredients for additive preparation P16

Raw material Weighing (kg) potassium acetate 0.203 ammonium acetate 0.159 acetic acid 0.248 water 0.336 betaine hydrochloride 0.003 urea 0.051 total 1,000

Example 4 - Dosing of additive PI 6 prepared in Example 3 for foliar fertilizers

During the actual laboratory test, we used the manufacturer's recommended amount of foliar fertilizer per 1 ha of area to about 250 liters of water after conversion to a suitable smaller volume. In the laboratory, we mixed the fertilizer: water ratio in the beaker in the ratio recommended by the manufacturer, and then we gradually added the additive P16 of the composition of Example 3 while stirring, while monitoring the change in pH. The aim was to find out what amount of additive P16 is needed to reach the required pH = 5.5, or whether the determined amount will be less than the advantageous recommended dosage according to the technical solution, ie 1.0 liter of additive / ha. In all cases, it was confirmed that an amount of 1.01 additives / ha was sufficient. Deviations in the amount of water from the ratio of the calculated recommended amount of foliar fertilizer per 1 ha did not play a major role.

Any overdose of the additive did not change the resulting pH of the stirrer, it is rather a guarantee for the operator of the sprayer. The advantage of the technical solution is that the plants use the excess additive as nutrients after application.

As for the combination of foliar fertilizer and pesticide with the additive, the type of pesticide in the amount usually used did not change the resulting pH of the spray bar. The resulting pH affected only the tested foliar fertilizer, as the contributions of the amount of water and the presence of pesticide to the final reaction were negligible. Thus, all active ingredients listed in Table 1 that are said to require an acidic pH can be used.

With regard to the combination of the pesticide itself with the additive, all active substances listed in Table 1 which are said to require an acidic pH can also be used. For ease of use, it is also possible to use a rate of 1.0 l of additive / ha here, in order to avoid double the recommended amount of additive. However, as already mentioned above, the advantage of the technical solution is that the plants use the excess additive as nutrients.

If foliar fertilizers alone are applied, there is no need to use the additive.

Table 9 shows the minimum amount of additive that was measured using the applicant's products. These are the applied doses of fertilizers on an area of 1 ha (10,000 m ² ). The data will also be applicable to other producers, as the nature of the foliar fertilizers produced is similar for different companies.

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Table 9 - Minimum amount of additive P16 to adjust the pH to 5.5 at a spray volume of 250 liters for various agricultural products.

Preparation (for group representatives name of active substance, concentration) Product dose (1 / ha) Minimum amount of additive P16 for adjustment to pH = 5.5 (1 / ha) Amisan Mn Zn (aqueous solution of urea and ammonium sulphate, total N 228.0 g / l, of which amide N 182.0 g / l; inorganic Mn 0.3 g / l and Zn 0.3 g / l 10 0.26 Amisan 10 0.26 Amisan B 10 0.30 Phosphamide 9 1.00 FORTE alpha (phenol) (complex of nutrients and specific organic stress-relieving substances, especially Mg, Zn (EDTA), Mn (EDTA), Cu (EDTA) and B (MEA) as well as humates and amino acids) 4 0.13 FORTE beta (phenol) 4 0.26 FORTE gamma (phenol) 4 0.87 CAMPOFORT Forte (nutrients: N: 152 g / l, P2O5: 36 g / l, K2O: 36 g / l, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe (chelates) + B, Mo and biologically active organic substances; all components in full dissolved active forms) 10 0.65 CAMPOFORT Plus 10 0.26 CAMPOFORT Garant P 10 0.43 CAMPOFORT Garant K 10 0.22 CAMPOFORT Guarantor Ca 10 0.09 CAMPOFORT Ultra Ca 10 0.09 CAMPOFORT Special B 10 0.87 CAMPOFORT Special Zn 10 0.35 CAMPOFORT Special Mn 10 0.22 CAMPOFORT Special Fe 10 0.39 CAMPOFORT Special Cu 10 0.35 K-gel (nutrients: K2O: 175 g / l, S: 58 g / l S and organic gel-forming substances) 5 0.30 Boron 150 (nutrients: B 150 g / l in dissolved monoethanolamine borate active form) 1 1.00 Magnesium 140 1 0.17 Zinc 120 1 0.13 Sulfur 165 1 0.30 NanoFYT Si 1 0.22

It is clear from Table 9 that the recommended dosage of 1.0 l / ha fully covers all the above combinations, and in many cases has a reserve for the use of other fertilizers in the mixture.

It is also clear from Table 9 that some foliar fertilizers have a significantly greater resistance to the change of the originally alkaline pH to acidic (for example, the product Boron 150 for the application of boron, which is applied in the form of monoethanolamine borate).

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Example 5 - use of additive P16 prepared in Example 3 for pesticides and mixtures of foliar fertilizers with pesticides

The pH adjustment of the spray bar was tested using additive P16 for the frequently used co-application of the pesticide gamma-cyhalothrin from the group of pyrethroids in the form of Nexide® (manufactured by Cheminova A / S) and boron in the form of Boron 150 (monoethanolamine borate, manufactured by Agra Group, a.s.) . A hectare dose of 0.08 liters of NEXIDE® and 1 liter of Boron 150 dissolved in about 250 liters of water for winter rape is used. If the additive according to the technical solution is not added to this mixture, the resulting pH of the spray bar is around pH = 8.5, which means that the effectiveness of NEXIDE® on the pest is severely limited. By adding the additive P16 at a rate of 1.0 liter / ha to said spray mixture, the resulting pH dropped to 5.5, which is the optimum for the action of this pesticide.

Example 6 - pH stability using additive P16 prepared in Example 3, comparison with commercial preparations

After the impact on the leaf, the concentration of the spray broth gradually increases due to evaporation. When using acidifying pH regulators that do not contain a buffer system, due to the gradual increase in the concentration of acids by evaporation, there is a significant decrease in the pH of the leaf, which keeps the effectiveness of pesticides out of the optimum. On the contrary, the use of an additive according to the technical solution makes it possible to maintain the required pH even with a strong increase in the concentration of the mixture.

In this example, the evaporation process is simulated by increasing the spray liquid concentration by one and two orders of magnitude. The effect of additive P16 at a low dose (300 ml / ha) on the pH of the spray bar containing the pesticide Nexide® (manufactured by Cheminova A / S) at the dose recommended by the manufacturer was analyzed. The effectiveness of this pesticide is known to be significantly affected by pH. The effect of additive P16 is then compared with unbuffered citric acid and with commercially available preparations for adjusting the pH of the Akti pH spray bar (BioAktiv CZ s.r.o., Czech Republic), Sentinel (Brian Lewis Agriculture Ltd., Great Britain), Tron pH (AgriStar - agrochemicals s.r.o., Czech Republic), and H2O Clean (Almiro energy for vegetation, s.r.o., Czech Republic). Citric acid monohydrate was used at the rate of 52 g / ha needed to adjust the pH of the spray bar to 5.50 at a feed rate of 200 l / ha. Commercially available preparations were used in the recommended doses according to the label, in the case of the stated range, the medium dose was used. The results of the measured pH are summarized in Table 10.

Table 10 - composition of sprays and measured pH.

Composition of the mixture The resulting pH of the mixture 300 ml of additive P16 + 80 ml of Nexide + 200 l of water 5.16 300 ml of additive P16 + 80 ml of Nexide + 20 l of water 4.91 300 ml of additive P16 + 80 ml of Nexide + 2 l of water 4.82 52 g citric acid monohydrate + 80 ml Nexide + 200 l water 5.50 52 g citric acid monohydrate + 80 ml Nexide + 20 l water 2.91 52 g citric acid monohydrate + 80 ml Nexide + 2 l water 2.29 125 ml Akti pH + 80 ml Nexide + 200 1 water 6.51 125 ml Akti pH + 80 ml Nexide + 20 l water 2.62 125 ml Akti pH + 80 ml Nexide + 2 1 water 1.88 600 ml Sentinel + 80 ml Nexide + 200 1 water 5.17

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600 ml Sentinel + 80 ml Nexide + 20 l water 3.45 600 ml Sentinel + 80 ml Nexide + 2 1 water 3.15 125 ml Tron pH + 80 ml Nexide + 200 1 water 5.68 125 ml Tron pH + 80 ml Nexide + 20 l of water 2.35 125 ml Tron pH + 80 ml Nexide + 2 1 water 1.73 160 ml H2O Clean + 80 ml Nexide + 200 1 water 6.34 160 ml H2O Clean + 80 ml Nexide + 20 1 water 6.89 160 ml H2O Clean + 80 ml Nexide + 2 1 water 7.43

Additive P16 and Sentinel adjusted the pH of the spray bar (bar dose 200 l / ha) to values that are in the required pH range of 4.8 to 5.5. The recommended doses of commercial products Akti pH, Tron pH and H2O Clean failed to reduce the pH of the spray bar to the target pH value <5.5.

During the simulated evaporation of water from the stirrup to the tenth and hundredth volume, the pH value of the dip stabilized by the additive P16 was kept in the optimal range of 4.8 to 5.5. Citric acid and the commercial formulations Akti pH, Sentinel and Tron pH showed a significant reduction in pH, which fell outside the pH values suitable for the stability of the active ingredients. Extreme pH values <2 achieved in the hundredth volume of the soil can lead to stress in plants and necrosis on the leaves. H2O Clean did not show a significant reduction in pH in either variant.

Example 6 documents the high effectiveness of the additive according to the technical solution on the pH stability of the spray bar even with a strong increase in concentration which occurs during the evaporation of the spray on the leaves of the plants.

Industrial applicability

The technical solution can be used as an additive for increasing the efficiency of spray mixtures in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, such as mixtures containing pesticides and / or fertilizers, in particular mixtures of pesticides with one or more foliar fertilizers.

Claims (14)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS An additive for increasing the effectiveness of spray mixtures in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, characterized in that it is in the form of an aqueous solution containing at least one carboxylic acid which is partially neutralized to the corresponding salt, wherein - the carboxylic acid is selected from acetic, propionic, citric, lactic and glycolic acids - at least one cation of the corresponding salt is selected from K ⁺ , NIV, Na ⁺ , HO- (CH 2) 2 -NH 3 ^{+, CH 3 CH 2 (OH) CH 2 NH 3 + ,} HO- (CH 2) 2 -NH (CH ₃ ) 2 ⁺ , [ HO- (CH ₂ ) 2-] 2NH ₂ ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , the sum of the molar concentrations of acids and their salts is in the range of 6 to 14 mol / l, and - the degree of acid neutralization is in the range of 0.3 to 0.9. Additive according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pH of the solution is in the range from 4.0 to 6.0. Additive according to Claim 1, characterized in that the carboxylic acid is selected from acetic acid and propionic acid, the sum of the molar concentrations of acids and their salts being in the range from 6 to 10 mol / l and the degree of acid neutralization being in the range from 0.3 to 0. , 6. Additive according to Claim 1, characterized in that the carboxylic acid is acetic acid, the sum of the molar concentrations of the acid and its salts being in the range from 6.5 to 9.3 mol / l and the degree of neutralization of the acid being in the range from 0.4 to 0. , 6. Additive according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the pH of the solution is in the range from 4.5 to 5.8. Additive according to claim 4, characterized in that the respective salt cations are selected from K ^{+ and} NV. Additive according to Claim 6, characterized in that the molar ratio of cations K ⁺ to NH 2 is 1: 1, the sum of the molar concentrations of the acid and its salts being in the range from 8.0 to 8.6 mol / l and the degree of neutralization of the acid being 0; 5. Additive according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the pH of the solution is in the range from 4.8 to 5.6. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further contains urea up to a concentration of 3.4 mol / l. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further contains betaine up to a concentration of 0.18 mol / l. Additive according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further comprises urea up to a concentration of 3.4 mol / l and betaine up to a concentration of 0.18 mol / l. Additive according to Claim 7, characterized in that it contains acetic acid at a concentration of 4.14 mol / l, ammonium acetate at a concentration of 2.06 mol / l, potassium acetate at a concentration of 2.06 mol / l, urea at a concentration of 0 , 85 mol / l and betaine at a concentration of 19.6 mmol / l. Additive according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains up to 10% by weight, additives of at least one of the agrochemical mixture auxiliaries selected from the group consisting of surfactants, antifreeze additives, penetration aids, anti-stress additives, inorganic particles, pigments , dyes and defoamers. - 12 CZ 35884 UI Additive according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its application rate is in the range of 0.05 to 2 l / ha, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 l / ha, most preferably 1.0 l / ha of the treated area .