CZ307607B6 - A preparation for protection of deciduous wood species - Google Patents

Abstract

A composition for the protection of deciduous trees, consisting of a symbiotic mycorrhizal fungal inoculum and an inert carrier, which consists of a symbiotic mycorrhizal inoculum consisting of a mixture of inert carriers to which infectious particles are bound, preferably spores and / or fragments mycelia and / or colonized roots of host plants, selected species of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera, and at least 150 particles per ml of inoculum, wherein the mixture of inert inoculum carriers based on selected species of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera, and a mixture composed of expanded ceramic aggregate and zeolite in volume 2: 1 ratio.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a composition for the protection of certain deciduous trees against pathogens of the genus Phytophthora.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The protection of forest, ornamental and cultural plants with known organic and inorganic agents against harmful organisms is becoming problematic in terms of sustainability, due to the increased burden of the environment by accumulation of toxic substances, and their undesirable side effects which may negatively affect the functioning of the whole ecosystem .

At present, organic compounds such as dicarbonides, thiazoles, strobulins, carbamates (eg against rust or soil oomycetes) and inorganic sulfur compounds are used most frequently in the protection of forest and cultural crops against fungi and fungi (not only in the soil). powdery mildew, or compositions containing copper or zinc compounds which are used against conifers of conifers, beech mildew, scab, peronospora, potato mildew, etc.

Dangerous pathogens of a wide range of plant species also include the genus Phytophthora, which threatens wild woody plants. In forest nurseries, the reason is increased material costs and losses. In the Czech Republic, approx. 15 species of this genus, many of them are invasive pathogens of forest and ornamental trees. They attack the roots of the plants and cause them to rot. When attacking germinal plants and seedlings, for example, in the beech tree its root system is destroyed by 85 to 100%, the mortality is 70 to 100%. Adult trees have a limited supply of above-ground organs with nutrients and water as a result of infection, reducing foliage and dying of the crown. This may result in host tree species being killed or severely damaged and long-term increment reduced. Damage to the root tissue is the gateway to secondary pathogens.

The possibilities of curative fungicide intervention are limited to active growth stages. Disputes are totally ineffective due to their resistant walls and low levels of metabolism and the ability to survive in the soil for many years even at very low temperatures. Because of the risk of pathogen resistance, the application of fungicides should be varied.

One possible solution is a biological protection method based on the use of various microbial preparations based on mycoparasitic fungi, e.g. Trichoderma sp., Which has generally high potency in suppressing the development of soil pathogenic fungi.

One known solution is EP 0223662, which discloses a process for the preparation of a powder comprising microorganisms such as Trichoderma harzianum, Cellvibrio vulgaris, Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Which cause degradation of post-harvest plant residues in soil and soil. The powder contains a mixture of microorganisms with kaolin. Kaolin acts as a filler and carrier for microorganisms.

CZ 304147 describes a method of remediation and reclamation of sites contaminated with organic pollutants of petroleum or coke-chemical origin or areas after mining activities with ecological burdens by cultures of microorganisms utilizing organic pollutants, with simultaneous or subsequent reclamation carried out by planting trees in conjunction with mycorrhizal fungi in combination with the sowing of leguminous plants inoculated

Preferably, the endomycorrhizal fungi are Glomus and / or Gigaspora and / or Acaulospora and / or Sclerocystis.

The technical solution according to UV 23690 describes the composition of a biological preparation containing mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea or Clonostachys catenulata and mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices, useful in cultivation practice, especially in organic farming, greenhouse cultivation of vegetables, ornamental plants, etc., the mixed product is bound to an inorganic carrier, preferably Perkasil or zeolite, in a conidial concentration and chlamydospore min.

x 10 ⁷ / g, both strains of the fungus Clonostachys are present in the mixture in a greater proportion than the fungus Glomus intraradices.

The disadvantage of these solutions is, in particular, that they describe the composition, production and mode of action of preparations containing microorganisms, but do not take into account the potential of mycorrhizal fungi to protect tree species against pathogens not only of the genus Phytophthora.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Most of the shortcomings of the prior art compositions or fertilizers are overcome by the broad-leaved symbiotic fungal inoculum preparation and the inert carrier of the present invention, which consists in that the symbiotic mycorrhizal fungal inoculum consists of a mixture of inert carriers to which they are bound. infectious particles, preferably spores and / or mycelium fragments and / or colonized roots of host plants, selected species of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus at a minimum of 150 particles per ml of inoculum; Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus fungi are a mixture of expanded ceramic aggregate and zeolite in a 2: 1 volume ratio. The efficacy of the preparation is based primarily on the formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis with the roots of the host plant; a mutually beneficial relationship between plant and fungus, which is commonly found in soils of undisturbed natural ecosystems and is typical of more than 90% of all plant species.

The mycelium of the symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus is able to gradually colonize the growing root system of the plant and significantly contribute to improving nutrient uptake (especially phosphorus and potassium), stimulating growth and general health throughout the plant's life. By creating a network of external extracorporeal mycelium in the soil, the active root absorption surface is multiplied. By taking over many functions of the hair roots, it reduces the amount of root exudates and thus the attractiveness of the roots for soil pathogens. It allows to protect the root system of the plant against pathogens of fungal origin and at the same time increase the plant's resistance to certain environmental stress factors, eg lack of moisture, transplant shock etc. Thanks to the production of specific substances it allows to stabilize soil particles (aggregates). or erosion.

One advantage is that the fungal mycelium contained in the composition of the present invention has no toxic or pathogenic implications. These are naturally occurring organisms in the soil.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1

Deciduous tree protection product consists of inoculum based on three types of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus in the amount of 150

B6 particles per ml of inoculum. A mixture of inert inoculum carriers based on selected types of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus is a mixture of expanded ceramic aggregate and zeolite in a volume ratio of 2: 1. In a field infection experiment with Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings, a height increase of the pathogen infected with a pathogen of the genus Phytophthora was 187.1% and a thickness increase of 102.8% compared to the condition observed in the previous vegetation season. Mycorrhizal seedlings infected with pathogen showed a height increase of 181.8% and a thickness increase of 141.9%. Due to mycorrhizal colonization, the incremental thickness was improved and thus the effect of the pathogen in infected plants was reduced by 41%. The height increase remains comparable in both cases.

Example 2

Deciduous tree protection product consists of inoculum based on five kinds of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus in the amount of 200 particles per ml of inoculum. A mixture of inert inoculum carriers based on selected types of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus is a mixture of expanded ceramic aggregate and zeolite in a volume ratio of 2: 1.

Example 3

Deciduous tree protection product consists of inoculum based on six types of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus in the amount of 250 particles per ml of inoculum. A mixture of inert inoculum carriers based on selected types of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus is a mixture of expanded ceramic aggregate and zeolite in a volume ratio of 2: 1

Industrial applicability

The wood preservative according to the invention can be recommended for the production of deciduous forest and / or ornamental trees in nurseries.

PATENT CLAIMS

Claims (4)

1. A composition for the protection of deciduous trees comprising an inoculum based on symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi and an inert carrier, characterized in that the inoculum based on symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi consists of a mixture of inert carriers to which infectious particles of selected species of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of Claroideoglomus genus are bound; Funneliformis and Rhizophagus in an amount of 150 to 250 particles per ml of inoculum, and that the mixture of inert inoculum carriers is a mixture of expanded ceramic aggregate and zeolite in a volume ratio of 2: 1. Deciduous tree protection agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the infectious particles of selected species of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genus Claroideoglomus, -3 CZ 307607 B6 Furmeliformis and Rhizophagus form spores and / or fragments of mycelia and / or colonized roots of host plants. Deciduous tree protection agent according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that: The symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungus inoculum comprises infectious particles of at least three selected species of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus.