CZ277762B6 - Process for preparing feeding-stuff protein concentrates - Google Patents

Abstract

Prodn. of feed protein concentrate, rich in animal and plant amino acids and/or enriched with lactic acid, comprises neutralising the trypsin-inhibitory activity of raw seeds of leguminous plants (esp. soya beans) by using the heat generated (a) by the conventional sterilisation of animal by-products, waste materials from food processing and/or animal cadavers and (b) by aq. and/or enzymatic hydrolysis and solubilisation of tissues. More specifically animal material is supplied under steam pressure (immediately after sterilisation and solubilisation in the superheated state, and/or after treatment and/or preliminary defatting with 0.25-3 vol.% acid) at 90-120 deg.C to a device fitted with stirrer and temp. regulators. It is mixed with 30-180% raw leguminous seeds and the resulting mass stirred continuously for 30-70 min. at 90-120 deg.C. It is then processed by known methods directly, without cooling.

Description

The invention relates to a process for the production of protein feed concentrates comprising animal and plant amino acids and enriched with lactic acid. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on the fact that in known methods of sterilization and digestion of animal proteins in the by-products or waste of the food industry or carcasses as such or effectively combined with lactic acid, unexploited thermal energy is generated. first of all, soya beans and soya grist. Due to its high content of digestible animal and plant proteins, the protein concentrate obtained by the process of the invention can be effectively used for feeding poultry and pigs. The efficiency of the production of animal products - in addition to the hygiene and genetic properties - is decisively determined by the feed. Therefore, numerous methods have been developed which significantly increase the performance of animals reared in livestock production by preparing chemical and / or biological and / or natural enriched feed mixtures. However, the unintended consequences of the results obtained in this way are the occurrence of residual substances (residues) in animal products (meat, milk, eggs). Consumption of such foods is a health hazard (the development of bacterial resistance), but malignant changes have also been observed. As an example may be mentioned cases published in Italy, when infants, fed meat of animals fed hormone (calves), female breasts have grown.

For ten years, scientists and associations (eg the Svann Association) have been dealing with preventing the negative phenomena that occur when adding means to increase yield to feed. In general, it is recommended to refrain from using both artificial and natural yield enhancers. Since 1 January 1988, EEC countries have banned the import and sale of meat from hormone-treated animals.

Improving the quality and use of feeds containing particularly energy-rich nutrients and proteins while reducing production costs is essential for an economical and competitive meat production.

The reasons for the above conclusions were:

- during the analysis of protein feed production, it has been found that production is relatively expensive and there are often objections to the quality of the resulting products;

- animal by-products from the food industry, such as waste, carcasses (raw materials), are not satisfactorily processed;

- processing technology is influenced by layout and partly by tradition. The usable fraction, or the ratio of amino acids, that determines the biological value of proteins - that is, the digestibility of raw proteins - does not develop well and is often damaged;

- the use of waste energy generated during high-energy technology is not solved, although its value would have a very favorable effect on the cost-effectiveness of protein production;

- feed material with high protein content and fat content, raw soybeans and soya ground and other leguminous seeds cannot be fed directly because they have an unpleasant taste and contain antinutritive substances (eg Kallay-Kralovánszky: Die Biologie der Futterung (Feed Biology) Budapest, 1978).

Many patents have sought to improve this condition, for example the Hungarian patent 180 991 (A method of producing full-value soy mixtures for human nutrition) achieves the elimination of the bitter taste and inhibitors of tripsin by simply washing the soybeans washed, then boiling at 100 ° C for at least one hour. Compared to the previous solutions, this method represents progress due to its low cost, but a separate heated hall, special equipment and other energy (hot water, then drying) are required for implementation, which is considerably lower compared to other methods, but still quite high costs. Hungarian Patent 193,272 (Soybean Processing Method) involves the continuous treatment of soybeans with the simultaneous action of alcohol and heat. According to this method, six to seven parts by weight of whole or non-fatty soybeans or soy grist are added to one part by weight of alcohol having one to three carbons (mainly ethanol) and then the water vapor is propelled through the mixture until the temperature reaches 104 °. C. At this temperature and pressure, the treatment is then continued for 30 minutes.

The pressure is then reduced and the soy is vacuum dried at 54 ° C to get rid of alcohol vapors. The method is truly environmentally friendly and energy efficient. However, alcohol processing is a complicated technology because of alcohol recovery. According to Hungarian patent 193 477 (Process for processing soybeans to produce soybeans suitable for use as feed), the moisture content of air-dried soybeans is increased by spraying with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate or calcium carbonate or mixtures thereof to 15 to 25%. The soybeans are then allowed to stand for 20 to 30 minutes, then heat treated in a rotary dryer with air at an inlet temperature of 350 to 400 ° C with constant motion and dried for 15 to 20 minutes. The disadvantage of this method is that chemical, especially alkaline treatment and high drying air temperature are risk factors for the biological value of the proteins and also increase costs.

Hungarian patent 191 946 (Method of producing feeds with increased protein content) replaces the technology of processing animal raw materials, whose heat consumption is high, by simple coughing without heat treatment. The obtained material, preserved with salt and organic or inorganic acids, is used to enrich known feed components for various animal species. This method undoubtedly saves energy, but it is clear that potentially infected raw materials without sterilization can only be used with a high risk to animal health. At the same time, the biological value remains low, but naturally increases with careful heat treatment (improved digestibility of proteins, suppression of undesirable taste and odor substances, etc.).

The disadvantage of the known methods so far is that the specific amount of energy used to process animal and plant proteins contained in feed materials is too high and the end products do not guarantee effective recoverability and adequate weight gain due to their often poor quality (eg poor digestibility). , low biological value of crude proteins). The combined processing of animal raw materials and pulses is not known at the same time.

The feed-biological action of lactic acid added to pig feed was also not investigated in the cited references.

The aim of the process for the production of feed protein concentrates according to the invention was to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of prior art solutions and / or to solve other partial issues, but mainly to increase the efficiency of protein recovery in the feed industry. improved quality with respect to previously used technologies both qualitatively and quantitatively (protein digestibility, microbiological limit values), as well as in its composition (amount and ratio of usable amino acids) and their continuous and usable production.

The basic idea of the invention is that

- the digestibility of protein animal concentrates, the content of their usable amino acids and the cost of production are decisively influenced by the amount of heat required in the processing technology (temperature, time factor);

- the gentle heat treatment of selectively obtained fresh or preserved raw materials positively affects the quality of the final product and the cost of its production;

- a significant part of the waste heat from the production of animal protein concentrates has not yet been used;

- the effects of soybeans in inhibiting tripsin and the general anti-nutritive effects of legume seeds - especially in an acidic environment - can be neutralized by cooking or by the action of steam;

- good quality animal and plant (soy) proteins are a good protein source for feed;

- spoilage of the feed components and the finished feed mixtures can be prevented by the use of lactic acid and / or phosphoric acid, with lactic acid having favorable dietary effects.

Disadvantages of the prior art solutions have been eliminated by the process for the production of feed protein concentrates rich in animal and plant amino acids and / or enriched with lactic acid, which is the subject of the invention. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The sterilized and split animal raw materials are fed at a temperature of 90 to about 35% by weight and / or after treatment with 0.25 to about 3% acid by volume, and / or after preliminary fat removal. to 120 ° C for mixing with optionally preheated legume seeds in an amount of 30 to 180% by weight, based on sterilized and split animal raw materials, the obtained mass is maintained at 90 to 120 ° C with stirring for 30 to 70 minutes. ; then, without cooling, carefully vacuum dried at 60-80 ° C, optionally defatting, cooling, grinding and sieving.

In the process according to the invention, the acid is preferably lactic acid, phosphoric acid or a mixture thereof. Soybeans or soya ground can be used as pulses. The animal raw materials are preferably selectively obtained animal by-products and food waste

Λ

And / or carcasses, fresh or preserved by lactic acid. The animal raw materials are optionally mixed with healthy and sterile slaughter blood prior to mixing with the pulses. After the acid treatment, the raw materials are conveniently kept at a temperature of 90 to 100 ° C for one hour and the top fat layer is decanted.

The obtained sterile mixed aqueous or defatted mass containing animal and heat-treated plant protein is used directly, without further processing, as a protein concentrate, especially for feeding pigs.

The advantage of the method of producing the feed protein concentrates according to the invention is that the animal protein processing technology can be adapted to local conditions and thus heat treatment can solve the neutralization of the antinutritive effects of vegetable protein carriers mainly in legume seeds, especially raw soybeans. operations.

Further advantages of the process according to the invention are as follows:

waste heat, which is generated in the process of producing animal protein concentrates by a known heat treatment method and has not been used until now to neutralize the ^- anti ^- nutritive effects, mainly the trypsin inhibitor content of raw legume seeds, primarily soybeans and soy grist;

- the heat-treated soy grind as a carrier greatly facilitates further processing (drying, fat removal) of sterilized aqueous and / or fatty materials of animal raw materials, thus reducing both investment costs and the risk of product damage;

the lactic acid and / or the phosphoric acid added to the raw material in the process of the invention promote the separation of the aqueous and fat phases in the hot aqueous mass of the well sterilized raw materials, thereby reducing the fat content of the mass in a simple and expedient manner;

- the heat treatment carried out in an acid environment hardly damages the biological value of the soy proteins;

- the acids used in the process according to the invention are natural constituents of digestion, therefore they do not need to be costly neutralized and their action favorably affects

- storage of the final product

- appetite in animals

- prevention of dietary problems in specific and mild problems such as diarrhea

- the use of feed

- the end products obtained by the process according to the invention are suitable for the preparation of feed for young poultry or piglets and / or for fattening

the devices necessary for carrying out the method according to the invention are inexpensive and can be well adapted to the technologies based on the heat treatment of the animal feed-containing feed materials.

The method according to the invention is explained in more detail in the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which FIGS.

7 of the process, in FIG. 1, special heating or cooling devices provided with a stirrer, and in FIG. 2, an apparatus obtained by expediently modifying the process equipment.

Example 1 tons of raw waste from poultry processing without feathers (intestines, heads, legs), 6 tons of selectively obtained raw mixed raw materials from slaughterhouses without bones and 3 tons of carcasses (pigs, sheep, cattle) were obtained, dosed in known manner and sterilized (Figure 1, devices 1 and 2). The sterile hot mass was compressed by vapor pressure in one of the devices in Figure 1 (devices 3 / a and 3 / b / and 90 liters of lactic acid was added at atmospheric pressure with stirring. The acid treated mass was allowed to stand for 1 to 6 hours , preferably for 3 hours, at a temperature of 90 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably 90 ° C The decanted fat was decanted The remaining aqueous mass was heated to 90 ° C to 110 ° C, preferably to 100 ° C and added to the crude The raw leguminous seeds were processed as follows:

Simultaneously with the steps described above, a silo (Figure 1, device 1 / a /) was fed to the target device (Figure 1, device 3 / a / 3 tons) of crude soya grind with a total oil content and 1 to 5% by weight, in particular 2, 5% by weight of water, and was mixed with 300 l of water or, as in this case, with the aqueous phase of the sterile mass and gently heated.

Further, the temperature of the mixture of sterile aqueous material previously de-greased and soya grind was maintained at 100 ° C with stirring for 45 minutes. The aqueous mixture was then dried in a known manner, but carefully (vacuum at 50-80 ° C) to a moisture content of 10% (Figure 1, device 4). After drying, animal and vegetable fat was obtained from the fat-containing mass (Figure 1, device 4) in a manner known per se (by compression). After cooling the defatted product, milling operations such as grinding, sieving, bagging were performed (Figure 1, apparatus 6 / a, b, c). The total amount of product obtained was 5 to 6.5 tonnes, its composition - as well as the composition of the end products in the following examples - was determined according to MSZ 21340-86 and the amount of tripsin inhibitors was reported in the synthetic substrate per unit weight (Hegedús, Kralovanszky , Matrai: Protein evaluation in feed The following results were obtained crude protein content digestible protein content crude fat ash fiber content moisture content washes 5 dical BHT TIU (tripsin inhibition unit)

In the composition ascertained, the percentage by weight of the raw material was 65% soy protein37 soy protein37 animal fat about50 soybean oil about50

Budapest, 1981). % by weight:

%%

%%

%%

%

57.5

46.1

15.5

15.2

2.3

10.1

1.4

200 mg / kg

2,3 / mg of crude fats and proteins by weight:

%%

%

%.

On the basis of the TIU value, it can be concluded that the content of trypsin inhibitors in soybeans can be reduced to a desired level and with certainty by the method of the invention. The results of the microbiological test were also favorable.

The protein concentrate produced by the process of the invention provided in the feed for rearing and fattening poultry and pigs the content of the required amount of raw proteins in full and vegetable proteins in part.

Example 2 tonnes of carcasses (sheep and lambs), 2.4 tonnes of raw mixed raw materials from slaughterhouses without bones, 0.4 tonnes of poultry heads and feet and 0.2 tonnes of granules were sterilized according to the procedure described in the example

1. Then, the hot sterile mass (temperature above 100 ° C) was fed directly to the target device (Figure 1, device 3 / a) under pressure of steam, where 2 tons of soybean meal with full oil content and 1 tonne of hygienically obtained , raw fresh slaughter blood of healthy animals (cattle) and was slowly heated with stirring. The procedure described in Example 1 was followed.

The total amount of final product obtained was 3.56 tonnes, and the product was evaluated according to Example 1 as follows: (values are given in% by weight).

crude protein content 51.8% digestible protein content 41.1% crude fat content 14.9% ash content 18.9% fiber content 4.9% water content 9.5% acid number 16 peroxide number 12

BHT 172 mg / kg TIU value 1.9 / mg

In the product composition values found in Example 1, the ratio of vegetable and animal fats is the same.

The microbiological test result was in accordance with the standard. The inhibition value of soybean tripsin was still favorable, so as in Example 1 the product was suitable for feeding.

Example 3

2.8 tonnes of poultry intestines and 2 tonnes of carcasses were sterilized according to Example 1 and the hot mass was fed under vapor pressure to the target device (Figure 1, device 3 / a), where previously 1.2 tonnes of raw soya pulp were added. full oil content. The hot mass was constantly stirred and supplemented with 25 liters of lactic acid and 30 liters of phosphoric acid. The blended mass was held for 45 minutes at 100 ° C and then evaluated as in Example 1 with the following results: (Values are given in percent by weight.)

content of crude proteins 19.8% content digestible proteins 14.6% content of crude fat 16.6% content dry matter 36.5% content of acids 0,97% peroxidic number 9

ΒΗΤ 180 mg / kg TIU 1.8 / mg

Microbiological tests have not been performed.

Of the crude protein content, 49% of the soy protein was 51% by weight of animal raw proteins

The values were determined as in Example 1.

The value of inhibition of tripsin in soy was favorable. A very dense mass with a total weight of 5.7 tonnes could be fed directly with good results.

Example 4 tons of mixed raw materials from slaughterhouses, 1.5 tons of mixed carcasses of small animals and 1.5 tons of poultry heads and feet were sterilized as in Example 1 (Figure 1, device 2). The hot fatty material was pressed under a vapor pressure to 1.5 tons of raw soy grinder (Figure 1, device 3 / a), prepared as in Example 1. Thereafter, 50 liters of lactic acid was added to this mass at atmospheric pressure while stirring. at 100 ° C, inactivation was carried out for 45 minutes. To this mass was then added 1.5 tons of twice-milled cereal germ and the mass was carefully dried as in Example 1. Finally, 0.8 tons of high-grade fine flour was added to the dried mass. The composition of the fat protein concentrate, after thorough mixing according to Example 1, was then defined in percent by weight as follows:

crude protein content 35,9% crude fat content 20,2%

6 water content 8,9% ash content 12,9% fiber 6,8% acid content 0,78% other 14,52% peroxide number 14

BHT 120 mg / kg TIU value 1.3 / mg

The blend was almost free of tripsin inhibitors.

The recommended field of application was to cover protein consumption in animals and partly vegetable proteins and fats in feed for young poultry.

Example 5

The animal raw materials of Example 1 in equal amounts were sterilized in a manner known per se. The water content of 12 tons of hot material obtained after sterilization was 63.5% by volume. The mass was dried in a known drying apparatus according to Example 1. Upon reaching a water content of 25.6% by volume, 3 tons of crude soy grease with a full oil content were added to the pre-dried mass and the mixture was immediately dried, which in this case lasted 52 minutes. from the addition of soya grist. The processing (pressing, grinding, sorting) was carried out as in Example 1.

The obtained 5.37 tonnes of the final product had the following composition in percent by weight, which was determined as in Example 1:

Crude protein content 54.2% content of digestible proteins 43.3% Crude fat content 16.4% ash content 14.9% fiber content 2.9% water content ’; 8.9% acidity number 22nd peroxidic number 12 BHT 190 mg / kg TIU value 2 / mg

The microbiological test result was not exposed.

Based on the determined composition and TIU value, it could be argued that the process of this example satisfies the feed biological requirements for protein concentrates.

Claims (6)

Process for the production of feed protein concentrates rich in animal and plant amino acids and / or enriched in lactic acid, characterized in that the sterilized and split animal raw materials are after drying to a fat content of 20 to 35% by weight, and / or 25 to 3% by volume of acid and / or, after preliminary fat removal, are fed at a temperature of 90 to 120 ° C to be mixed with optionally preheated legume seeds in an amount of 30 to 180% by weight, based on sterilized and split animal raw materials. It is kept under stirring for 30 to 70 minutes at a temperature of 90 to 120 ° C and then, without cooling, carefully dried under vacuum at a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C, optionally defatted, cooled, milled and sieved. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the acid is lactic acid, phosphoric acid or a mixture thereof. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that soybeans or soya ground are used as pulses. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the animal raw materials are selectively obtained animal by-products and waste from the food industry and / or carcasses fresh or preserved by lactic acid. 5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the animal raw materials are optionally mixed with healthy and sterile slaughter blood prior to mixing with the pulses. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the animal raw materials are maintained at a temperature of 90 to 100 [deg.] C. for 1 to 5 hours after acid treatment and the upper fat phase is decanted.