CZ26620U1 - Assembly of distribution internal arrangements for inflow of reaction gases onto horizontal catalytic bed - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to a distribution assembly for supplying reaction gases to a horizontal catalytic bed, in particular a chemical reactor.

Background Art

Catalytic reactors with a fixed catalyst bed are often installed in chemical production units horizontally over the cross section of the apparatus with an axis perpendicular to the ground. The reaction gases are fed to the catalytic bed perpendicularly through the inlet elbow in the apparatus axis located at the top of the lid with an elliptical, domed or conical shape. For proper reactor operation and maximum catalyst utilization, it is necessary to distribute the reaction gases evenly over the catalyst surface. If the flow of reaction gases is not uniform, there is local overload of the catalyst, deterioration of its efficiency, and shorter line operation times.

Therefore, the distribution of the reaction gases in the reactor inlet lids is very important, and is evidenced by a number of published patent applications on the subject, which are largely unprotected.

Typically, distribution enclosures in catalytic reactor lids are installed in both the inlet elbow of the apparatus and in the inlet lids themselves, and are assembled from both solid and perforated sheets.

The essence of the technical solution

The aforementioned drawbacks are largely eliminated by the assembly of distribution inserts for supplying reaction gases to the horizontal catalytic bed, located in the inlet elbow and the reactor cover with a fixed catalytic bed positioned perpendicular to the reactor axis, with an elliptical inlet lid, according to the present invention. The essence of this is that two partitions are located in the inlet elbow to divide its cross section into three areas S1, S2 and S3, and two axially asymmetric conical rings are located at the end of the inlet elbow into the lid. In the lid, the main installation is composed of a central conical part, to which a space box is connected by means of a connecting disk, the walls of the conical part and the space boxes being perforated. Above the catalytic bed is placed the last plate assembly, which is under the main installation of solid material and is perforated in the remainder of the catalytic bed and has a hem on its lower part.

The inlet elbow preferably has a radius equal to 1.5 times the diameter of the inlet duct and the area ratio S1: S2: S3 is 1: 1.5: 2.

The outer ring is coaxial with the reactor, and its circumference is identical to the inner diameter of the inlet elbow, and the axis of the smaller conical ring is axially offset with respect to the reactor axis by 0.14x the diameter of the elbow in the direction of the inlet supply pipe. The perforated portion of the plate assembly is preferably inclined at an angle of 100 ° to the reactor wall.

The object of the present utility model is the geometry of the distribution assembly assembly in the inlet lid and the reactor elbow with a fixed catalytic bed positioned perpendicular to the apparatus axis.

The built-in in the lid input elbow contributes to the equilibrium flow of the incoming reaction gases and prevents the deflection of the gas stream due to inertia forces. An annular installation at the end of the inlet elbow unifies the flow of gases from the channels in the lid elbow. The main installation in the apparatus lid distributes the gas flow. Some of the gases are discharged through the installation, the part being diverted along the lid wall. Embedding above the catalytic bed ultimately corrects the gas flow to the catalytic layer.

-1 CZ 26620 U1

Explanation of the drawings in the drawings

The distribution arrangement for supplying reaction gases to the horizontal catalytic bed of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a catalytic reactor with a distribution section, a catalytic bed and an installation. Fig. 2 shows the installation in the inlet elbow of the lid. Fig. 3 is an overall schematic of the proposed installation.

Examples of technical solutions

Installation in the inlet elbow 2 of the lid. Calculation of Partition 21, resp. the ratio of the areas S _b S ₂ , S ₃ , the cross-sections of the partial channels in the elbow 2 is based on the momentum equilibrium P! = P ₂ = P ₃ mass flows of reaction gases channels of the elbow 2. To simplify the calculation, the three basic velocities in elbow 2 and the associated cross-sectional areas are the starting points - velocity at the smallest knee radius 2- in _b axial velocity-v ₂ and velocity in the largest radius knees 2 in ₃ . While maintaining the continuity equation ΰζ _{/ Λ} , = m _OUT and the 2 l elbow bend, 5x Dk holds:

p - p = p ¹ 1 ¹ 2 ¹ 3 ' [1] m, · v, -m ₂ -v ₂ = m ₃ -v _} , [2] S = iSj + 1 ^ 2 + 'Sy, [3] Ý m, = - m Γ41 WITH v, = 1.5-v ₂ = 2-in ₃ . [5] After adjustment: v _i -S _l = v ₂ -S ₂ = v ₃ -S ₃ , [6] s "s. - -b- - ^ 1 -.i- ⁵ [7]

where:

P momentum [kg.m / s] m weight [kg] in speed [m / s] WITH flat [m ² ].

It follows from these relations that, while maintaining the same momentum of the outlet currents from the elbow 2, it is necessary to select the position of the baffles 21 so that the resulting surfaces S1: S2: S3 of the channels are in a ratio of 1: 1.5: 2.

At the end of the inlet elbow 2 into the lid 1 of the apparatus, two rings 4 are designed to unify the flow of gases flowing from the channels of the inlet elbow 2 to the apparatus axis. The installation is composed of two conical rings 4 axially asymmetrically mounted, the main function of which is to direct the gas stream into the central conical part of the main installation 5 and thereby contribute to a further uniform flow through the apparatus cover 1. The outer ring 4 is coaxial with the apparatus and the larger of the circumferences is identical and flanges the inner diameter of the inlet elbow 2. The clamped angle 56 ° has a center coincident with the center of the inner conical portion 5. The height of the annular mounting above the joint of the inlet elbow 2 and the cover i extends from the position of the main installation 5 and the diameter of the inlet elbow 2. The inner smaller conical ring 4 of the installation is axially asymmetrically positioned with respect to the axis of the apparatus. The axis of the smaller ring 4 is displaced with respect to the axis of the apparatus by 0.14x the diameter of the elbow 2 in the direction of the inlet supply pipe.

-2CZ 26620 Ul

The main installation 5 is composed of a central conical part 51, a rotary five-part space housing 53 and a connecting disc 52. All parts of the main installation 5 are welded from perforated sheet metal. The purpose of the main installation 5 is to pass a portion of the gas stream through the central conical portion 51 and the connecting disc 52. The remainder of the flow is diverted by the main installation 5 and flows around the wall of the elliptical lid 1 to the lower plate assembly 6 above the catalytic bed 3. the larger vortices in the corner between the bottom plate 6 and the elliptical lid wall 1. The currents flowing through the center of the main recess 5 and around the wall of the elliptical lid 1 are balanced and the resulting flow through the bottom plate 6 above the catalytic bed 3 is very uniform. The location and dimensions of the main installation 5 are based on the position of the center of gravity of the lid ellipsoid. The center of the housing 53 is identical to the center of gravity and is on the same plane perpendicular to the apparatus axis as the center of the central conical portion 51 of the main installation. the center of gravity is 0.3x diameter of the inlet elbow 2. The diameter of the inlet elbow 2 is tied to the diameter of the apparatus in the ratio D _a / D _p ~ 0.2.

The last set in the set is the lower plate assembly 6 above the catalytic bed 3. The lower plate set 6 is placed over the whole cross section of the apparatus, has a plate shape and its main purpose is to create a small pressure drop during gas flow. As a result, the last leveling occurs before the gases enter the catalytic layer. The height of the center of the bottom plate 6 in the axis of the apparatus from the inlet of the knee 2 to the lid 1 is equal to twice the distance of the center of gravity and the inlet of the knee 2 to the lid I of the apparatus. The lip of the bottom plate 6 and the housing of the apparatus form an angle of 100 ° from the gas inlet side. The diameter of the joint of the horizontal part of the bottom plate 6 with the rim is identical to the largest diameter of the main installation 5. The lip of the bottom plate 6 is from the outer diameter to the diameter of the catalytic bed 3 of solid material, the rest of the bottom plate 6 is welded from perforated plates. The solid material is chosen due to the gas impermeability requirement of the bottom plate 6 in the enclosure. A collar 61 parallel to the apparatus axis is welded on the transition of the full and perforated sheet metal. The collar directs the flow of gases to the catalytic layer. Industrial usability

The distribution arrangement for supplying reaction gases to a horizontal catalytic bed according to the present invention will find application particularly in a chemical reactor.

Claims (6)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS An assembly of reactive gas inlets for introducing reaction gases onto a horizontal catalytic bed disposed in an inlet elbow and a fixed catalytic bed reactor bed perpendicular to the reactor axis, with an elliptical type of inlet lid, characterized in that two inlet elbow (2) have two partitions (21) for dividing its cross-section into three surfaces S1, S2 and S3, at the end of the entry elbow (2) into the cover (1) there are two axially asymmetrical conical rings (4), in the cover (1) 5) comprising a central conical portion (51) to which a spatial housing (53) is connected by means of a connecting disc (52), the walls (54) of the conical portion (51) and the spatial housing (53) being perforated and above the catalytic bed ( 3) is placed the last plate insertion (6), which is under the main insertion (5) of solid material and in the rest above the catalytic bed (3) is perforated and on the The lower part is provided with a collar (61). Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet elbow (2) has a radius equal to 1.5 times the diameter of the inlet pipe. Assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the areas S1: S2: S3 is 1: 1.5: 2. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer ring (4) is coaxial with the reactor and its circumference is identical to the inner diameter of the inlet elbow. (2) and the axis of the smaller conical ring (4) is axially offset relative to the reactor axis by 0.14x the diameter of the elbow (2) in the direction of the inlet feed line. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of the inlet elbow (2) corresponds to 0.2 times the diameter of the reactor. 5 Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the perforated portion of the plate assembly (6) is inclined at an angle of 100 ° to the reactor wall.