CZ26578U1 - Controller for utilization of photovoltaic generator power in both residential and nonresidential buildings - Google Patents

Description

The technical solution relates to a regulator for the utilization of energy of photovoltaic generators in residential and non-residential buildings. The proposed electrical equipment enables optimal use of the energy generated in the photovoltaic generator for water heating, heating, charging, lighting and other areas where it is possible to use AC and DC in addition to it.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At the time of construction of low-energy and passive houses, heating of domestic hot water (DHW) and heating is becoming an important part of the cost of housing in these buildings. That's why their designers and users are looking for a system that would effectively reduce these costs. But the owners of older houses, flats and non-residential buildings can also save money, energy costs are increasing.

The most appropriate way to reduce costs is to use natural energy - the established label is renewable energy, ie energy that is natural and self-renewing, so it does not have to be constantly purchased, is free. In this case, the technology is purchased for its use and the operation is then free, often even for decades.

Non-renewable resources, on the other hand, do not have free traffic - they are consumed - and more must be bought because they have been lost by consumption.

All the energy on our planet comes from the sun. Even coal and oil are actually stored solar energy - plants use photosynthesis - such small collectors, they just dig up or run out of the ground and burn and are used. Unfortunately, they are also lost by burning, and new ones have to be exhausted and bought, but unfortunately the flue gases are released into the atmosphere and thus contribute to their destruction. Unfortunately, it is too late to see if it really hurts, and the study speaks ambiguously.

If there is a technological possibility not to burn fossil fuels, it is a civic duty for future generations to use these technologies, especially when their total costs - acquisition and operating - are lower than the combustion of gas and coal.

The current method of DHW heating by photovoltaic (PV) panels is based on cooperation only with a boiler with a direct current coil (DC), which is in the boiler equipped with an alternate current coil (AC) supplied from the distribution network independently of the DC coil with two thermostats. It is therefore necessary to purchase a special device for DC current and to connect the PV modules directly to the spiral without regulation. The disadvantage is the lower yield of the whole system by about 30 to 50%.

The disadvantage of both above mentioned solutions is the necessity to use only boilers with AC and DC coils and two thermostats. When using DC current in AC appliances, it presents a number of problems, such as the unusability of circuit breakers and contactors, the loss of heater material, electrolytic corrosion, etc.

The disadvantage of the present solutions is therefore, as mentioned above, a low system yield, because due to the direct connection of PV modules and load, it does not allow to monitor the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV generator and thus loses a significant power component - approx. exposure. The solution is to use more PV modules in the PV generator, which makes the whole device more expensive and thus makes no sense, because the price then exceeds the device with MPP watchers. In another case, MPP monitors are used, but the DC output current causes a loss of heater material, which must be replaced at more frequent intervals, significantly deteriorating both the sense and function of the system and the economy. Another possibility is the use of conventional inverters for island systems, which, however, make the equipment unreasonably expensive, as they are intended for other applications - the creation of a grid simulation.

-1 CZ 26578 Ul

The essence of the technical solution

The above-mentioned shortcomings are eliminated by the regulator for the utilization of energy of photovoltaic generators in residential and non-residential buildings according to this technical solution. Its essence is that it is equipped with the first input from the photovoltaic generator for DC energy, the second input for AC 230V, the HDO signal connection and the first output for DC / AC and AC current of the distribution company (ACdi). EON, power and second output for DC / AC power.

The controller is preferably provided with a third output for charging 12V batteries and a fourth output for supplying DC consumers.

The first output may be provided with an operating thermostat and / or an emergency thermostat and the second output may be provided with a second operating thermostat and / or a second emergency thermostat.

The first output of DC / AC and ACdi is preferably an output for connection of conventional AC appliances.

The controller allows the use of AC appliances to utilize power from the PV modules due to the conversion of DC voltage to AC - variable pulse voltage. This solution eliminates the problems of DC current and its generation is less expensive and technically less expensive than generating the 50 Hz AC voltage generated in conventional inverters. For resistive loads this method is sufficient and much cheaper.

The controller further optimizes the use of electricity generated by the photovoltaic generator and energy from the distribution network in residential, non-residential and industrial buildings for DHW heating, heating and other appliances without the need to purchase specialized equipment for PV generators.

The controller optimizes power consumption, cooperates with any resistive load and, using intelligent control, minimizes purchased power from the distribution network depending on the operating conditions, ie the current time of year, the current time and geographic location of the installation and eventually the operation history and temperature Media

The controller maximizes the use of solar energy by keeping the PV modules at the optimum operating point and distributing them between two independent consumers depending on the selected priority and the current medium temperature.

The controller enables connection of existing appliances powered by ACdi distribution network. The controller also allows energy to be stored in batteries for later use and provides power to other DC appliances such as LED lighting, emergency lighting and other devices.

The proposed device comprehensively solves the source and utilization of the energy thus obtained in appliances used for AC voltage.

The output of the generator is connected by means of an H-bridge so that a conventional resistive AC appliance can be supplied. The controller measures the temperatures in both consumers, eg battery tanks, and monitors the optimum operating point of the PV modules. By saving energy resources, the plant will also have a significant impact on the environment, which, while not deteriorating, may at least partially slow down.

An important advantage is the usability of PV modules energy for any existing resistance load, designed for both DC and AC current, such as an existing AC boiler, direct heaters, or a storage tank with an electric body and other appliances, without the need to purchase special equipment for PV generators. The solution uses the conversion of optimized DC voltage to AC via H-bridge to directly power consumers and allows intelligent use of both energies - from the grid and from the PV generator, depending on availability. The controller allows the use of the PV generator for purposes other than DHW heating - eg direct heating, charging, heating, etc., eventually storing and distributing energy into multiple loads, depending on the user's chosen priority.

-2EN 26578 Ul

The controller monitors the optimum operating point of the PV generator without the need for a special DC coil with multiple thermostats, ie to any AC or DC load, with automatic temperature monitoring. It is a comprehensive solution for the management of PV energy in residential and non-residential buildings, solutions for heating DHW, heating and other appliances using energy from PV panels, including setting priorities and controls based on time and temperature.

The solution according to this utility model thus optimizes the efficiency of the PV generator, makes it possible to use the universally resistive appliances available to the user - no need to buy other special appliances such as DC appliances and cheaper solar energy - thermal solutions are more expensive and thus allow for wider use . Another advantage is that it contributes to the protection of the environment through higher use of solar energy and works in fully automatic operation, where no operator is required in addition to the initial setting. An important advantage is maximizing the economy of DHW heating by intelligently selecting the energy source - solar or purchased in conjunction with HDO, all using already installed equipment. The solution enables optimized management of low-cost solar energy and works with maximum safety through built-in fuses and protections.

Clarification of the figures in the drawings

The regulator for utilizing the energy of photovoltaic generators in residential and non-residential buildings according to the present invention will be described in more detail on specific exemplary embodiments with the help of the attached drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the regulator. Fig. 2 shows the connection of the regulator to the energy management system. Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the controller and Fig. 4 shows another block diagram of the controller.

Examples of technical solutions

The controller for the use of PV generators in residential and non-residential buildings is equipped with the first input Ff from the PV generator for DC energy, the second input S2 for AC 230V, S3 signal connection HDO, the first output VI for DC / AC and ACdi energy. DC / AC power, third output AI for charging 12V batteries and fourth output F1 for charging DC appliances. The first output V1 is provided with the operating thermostat T1 and the emergency thermostat H1, the terminals being broken when the load is part and the second output V2 is provided with the second operating thermostat T2 and the second emergency thermostat H2, the terminals being broken when the load is part. The first output VI DC / AC and ACdi is an output for connection of conventional AC appliances. The first output V1 and the second output V2 are provided with H-bridges. DC VE is the voltage input from the wind generator and DC PV is the voltage input from the PV generator.

The technical solution of the controller uses the simple and well-known principle of pulse width modulation on the selected DC voltage and its conversion by means of H-bridge to AC voltage, so that any load can be used, especially heating coils for 230V AC - boilers, storage tanks, heaters, heaters, etc. The power is selected simply by changing the resistance of the housing by selecting the manufacturer's power series. The device controls the DC / AC / ACdi voltage and maintains it at an optimum value for maximum power utilization.

The controller has the first input F1 for DC energy and two outputs V1, V2 for the power-controlled load, depending on the availability of the PV generator power, ie essentially based on the availability of sunlight. The controller distributes the energy to both outputs V1, V2 for optimal use. The controller has DC / AC and ACdi output for connection of conventional AC appliances.

The controller maintains the optimum operating point of the PV generator under sunlight. It then redirects the energy to both outputs V1, V2 based on the selected priority - a preferred output is selected, eg VI where the energy is distributed and the excess, if energy is available more than the load can be connected, or distributed to the set temperature second output, eg V2.

On the first output VI it is possible to use a resistance load - DC I AC load. At this first output VI, the device can use intelligent control to combine heating from ACdi grid or PV

-3GB 26578 U1 generator. When heating from ACdi network the controller can cooperate with the HDO signal. In ACdi heating, the PV generator side is galvanically disconnected. The controller evaluates using ACdi energy according to the period, temperature, achievable power and history to use it as little as possible and to use the energy from the PV generator as much as possible. For this reason, there is no need to use special equipment for PV generators. The controller allows to use the existing equipment which is its advantage over the prior art.

When used for DHW heating, the device can also use ACdi voltage from the mains for water heating. As the sunshine is highly unstable, the optimum DHW temperature and time should be selected to heat up the DHW so as to maximize energy savings. It uses prediction of available solar energy in dependence on time, day of the year, power, temperature and history of operation.

The preset temperature in summer is lower than in winter because it is assumed that solar energy can heat the water to the selected unit more reliably than in transitional periods or in winter. Industrial applicability

The regulator for the energy use of PV generators according to this technical solution will find application primarily as a solution that offers optimal use for the energy of the PV generator in buildings where it is necessary to save purchased energy from distribution companies. It is desirable to use it primarily in family houses and apartment buildings, where it can bring significant savings for users for returnable acquisition costs and thus, in the case of higher expansion, it will simultaneously contribute to saving natural resources - especially fossil fuels.

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Claims (8)

Controller for the use of the energy of photovoltaic generators in residential and non-residential buildings, characterized in that it has a first input (Fl) from a photo voltaic generator for DC energy, a second input (S2) for AC 230V, a connection (S3) of HDO signal and a first output (VI) for DC / AC and ACdi energy and a second output (V2) for DC / AC energy. Controller according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a third output (Al) for charging the 12V accumulators. Controller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a fourth output (L1) for supplying DC consumers. Controller according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a fifth output for supplying an AC 230V / 50 Hz inverter. Controller according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first output (VI) is provided with an operating thermostat (T1) and / or the emergency thermostat (H1) and the second output (V2) is provided with a second operating thermostat (T2) and / or a second emergency thermostat (H2). Controller according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first output (VI) of both DC / AC and ACdi is formed by an output for connecting conventional resistive AC consumers. Controller according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first output (VI) and the second output (V2) are provided with H-bridges. Controller according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with a built-in predictive algorithm for optimizing power consumption from the distribution network according to preset user requirements. 3 drawings