CZ238494A3 - Absorption article with barrier means - Google Patents

Abstract

A sanitary napkin (210) is provided with a barrier means (107) to provide a barrier against lateral migration of body fluids. The barrier means (107) can be provided on a sanitary napkin (210) which has no wings and comprises in this core a distal edge (278, 278') which is located within the perimeter of the absorbent core (212) during use of the sanitary napkin. The barrier means (107) can also be provided on a sanitary napkin (210) having wings (224, 224') and can be formed of a unitary part of the napkin's topsheet (214) or can be formed by a separate strip of material.

Description

Absorbent article with barrier means

Technical field

The invention relates to an absorbent article comprising an absorbent core having a first end face, a second end face, a perimeter comprising two longitudinal sides and two lateral sides; a liquid pervious topsheet covering the first end face of the core; a liquid impermeable backsheet associated with the topsheet, the backsheet overlying the second front side of the core; and barrier means disposed along the longitudinal sides to limit the movement of fluids in a direction generally parallel to the lateral sides.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Such an absorbent article is known from the application for British patent GB 2,168,253.

In this patent application, the barrier means are located outside the periphery of the respective core and are formed by the elasticized, upwardly upright portion of the topsheet and backsheet. While lateral displacement of the fluid is limited by the barrier means, the rate of absorption of the fluid trapped between the barrier means and the core may be reduced. Known absorbent articles will also withstand changing their location during use.

It is an object of the present invention to provide barrier means in an absorbent article that are comfortable to use, effectively reduce lateral dispersion of body fluids, and allow adequate absorption.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an absorbent article of the present invention which can be reliably adjusted with respect to a user's undergarment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The absorbent article of the present invention is characterized in that the barrier means comprises a wall having a free edge that is raised above the plane of the first face of the respective core, the free edge being located at least during use of the absorbent article within the periphery of the core.

By positioning the barrier means so that at least a free edge is placed on top of the absorbent core in place of the absorbent core during use, the fluid that is stopped by the barrier means so that it cannot disperse laterally along the topsheet is readily absorbed by the core.

Another absorbent article of the invention is characterized in that the backsheet extends beyond the periphery of the core to form flaps for attachment to any garment during use, the barrier means comprising a wall that is attached to the flaps adjacent the periphery of the core.

The flaps may be folded upwardly around the edge of some garment as described in US-A-4,678,478, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The flaps in conjunction with the respective barrier means have been found to provide limited movement of body fluids. The barrier means may consist of a liquid impermeable wall or an absorbent strip which is attached, for example by means of an adhesive or a fusion connection, to the flaps. The free edge of the wall is preferably located

3 within a given core circumference during use of an absorbent article for effectively absorbing body fluids retained by the wall. However, it is also possible that the free edge of the wall is located outside the periphery of the core, or, for example, if a shaped core is used, it is located within the periphery of the core only for the wider components of the core.

An embodiment of the absorbent article of the present invention is characterized in that the wall is formed by a spacer member positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet.

The spacer member may be formed by a bracket of resilient material positioned between the top and back layers outside the periphery of the core and pushing the top layer upward. During use of the absorbent article, the article is compressed in the lateral direction and the topsheet is lifted by the bracket. The free edge of the wall is preferably formed by the topsheet and the bracket is pushed within the periphery of the core during use of the absorbent article to ensure good absorption of body fluids retained by the bracket.

The barrier means may also include a foam strip, glued or otherwise attached, between the topsheet and the backsheet, the core of which is glued to the top of the topsheet.

A further embodiment of the absorbent article of the invention is characterized in that the barrier means comprises an upper layer, wherein the upper layer has a central portion overlying the core and marginal portions forming a wall along the longitudinal sides of the core.

Although the topsheet is liquid pervious, the barrier means acts to limit lateral dispersion of body fluids. The use of the topsheet to create a wall reduces the need for separate barrier means and thus maintains a low number of components used in the absorbent article, which is desirable during manufacture. The barrier means may extend along the entire periphery of the core and thus also prevent the movement of body fluids in the main direction of the longitudinal sides.

Prior to use, the free edge of the barrier means is preferably contracted so that during use the barrier means is stretched and pulled away from the topsheet to an upright position. This download may be caused by <

the elastic member in its pre-expanded state along the free edge of the barrier means. The free edge of the barrier means, which may be either a topsheet, a backsheet, or a combination of both, may also be crimped by applying heat to shorten the free edge of the barrier means. Shortening of the free edge in this way forces the barrier means to erect due to the longitudinal expansion of the absorbent article during use.

Overview of the drawings

Several embodiments of the absorbent article of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following: the relevant accompanying drawings, of which:

Figure 1 - plan view of an absorbent article of the invention,

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the absorbent article of FIG. 1, taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1, wherein the barrier means comprises an upper layer,

Figure 3 - cross-section of an absorbent article according to the invention, wherein the barrier means are formed by an upper layer and located within the periphery of the core,

Figure 4 - cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an absorbent article according to the invention, wherein the barrier means is formed by an upper layer

Figure 5 - a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an absorbent article wherein the barrier means comprises a foam strip,

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10 of an embodiment of an absorbent article according to the invention wherein the barrier means is formed by a bracket, an embodiment of an absorbent article having flaps wherein the barrier means is formed by a band adhered to these flaps, front view of conventional panties in which an absorbent article according to the invention can be used a cross section of the panties of FIG. 8 taken along line 6-6 showing the absorbent article of FIG. 1 is a fragmentary and coronal view therein showing the divided absorbent article and panties of FIG. 7, deployed on the user.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A preferred embodiment of the absorbent article of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The absorbent article 210 comprises absorbent means represented by a central absorbent pad 212 and two flaps 224 and 224. (In the explanation that follows, unless otherwise noted, the absorbent article will have two flaps. Although it is not necessary that the flaps be identical, or more precisely, by mirror image, they are preferably such. Thus, the description of the first is also therefore, the explanation concerning the latter will be omitted for clarity of interpretation. Corresponding elements are indicated in the drawings with reference numerals and comma reference numerals.)

The flap 224 is associated with a central absorbent pad 212, along a nonlinear connection line 226. As used in the context of this specification, the term nonlinear refers to any different curved, as opposed to straight lines.

The flap 224 has a distal rim 278 that is spaced from the connection line 226. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the connection line 226 is concave with respect to the distal edge 278. Thus, the connection line 224 curves out from the distal edge 278. In this embodiment, the non-linear connection line 226, and 226 and the seam 239 define an absorbent means (central absorbent pad 212). . which is narrower in its central area than at its ends. An absorbent article narrower at the center than the ends is generally perceived by the user as more comfortable than an absorbent article having a uniform width.

The flap 224 is provided with a first imaginary axis of flexibility 256 and a second axis of flexibility 234.

Giant. 2, a cross-sectional view of the absorbent article 210, taken along line 2-2, generally illustrates the preferred assembly of the absorbent article 210. As shown in FIG. 2, the central absorbent pad 212 includes an absorbent core 216. The central absorbent pad 212 and the flap 224 both include a topsheet 214. The backsheet 218 is disposed on the side of the absorbent core 216 and the flap 224 against the topsheet 214. In fact, the topsheet 214 forms one the area of the flap 224 while the backsheet 218 forms the second; the topsheet 214 also forms one face of the central absorbent pad 212, the backsheet 218 another.

In the illustrated embodiment, the flap absorbent core 230 is disposed between the topsheet 214 and the backsheet 218. For ease of assembly, the flap absorbent core 230 extends across the entire insert 210 and is disposed between the absorbent core 216 and the backsheet 218. While this is a preferred embodiment, first of all, for reasons of assembly, it is not necessary that the absorbent core of the flap 230 be positioned between the absorbent core 216 and the backsheet 218.

The topsheet 214 and the backsheet 218 are joined in a seam 239 around the entire periphery of the absorbent article 210. The purpose of the seam is to unit the various elements of the absorbent article into a single unit. The topsheet 214 is attached to the absorbent core of the flap 230 and the backsheet 218 along the non-linear lines of connection 226 and 226 by attachment means not shown in Figs. 2.

In FIG. 2, adhesive means for securing the central insert 220 and flap 236 are shown which are covered with respective release liners of the central insert 222 and flap 238. These adhesive securing means are adapted to secure the absorbent article 210 within the crotch region of an undergarment.

The topsheet 214 is liquid pervious and, when used, the absorbent article 210 is in close proximity to the wearer's skin. The topsheet 214 is flexible, soft feeling and non-irritating to the wearer's skin. It can be made of any material traditional for this type of use. Non-limiting examples of suitable materials that may be used as the topsheet 214 are woven and nonwoven polyester, polypropylene, nylon, rayon and molded thermoplastic films; molded films are preferred. Suitable shaped films are described in U.S. Pat. No. No. 4,324,246, issued to Mullane and Smith on April 13, 1982; No. 4,342,314, issued to Radel and Thomson on Apr. 3, 1982, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Molded films are preferred for the topsheet 214 because they are liquid pervious and yet non-absorbent. Thus, the surface of the molded film that is in contact with the body remains dry and more comfortable to the user.

For example, surface coated on topsheet 214

In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the outer surface of the topsheet 214 is treated with a surfactant. Treatment of the outer surface with this agent renders the surface more hydrophilic, with the result that the liquid penetrates the topsheet faster than if the surface had not been treated. This reduces the likelihood that menstrual fluid flows from the topsheet 214 rather than being absorbed by the absorbent core 216. It is preferred that the above agent be substantially uniformly and completely distributed across the outer surface of the topsheet 214. This can be achieved by any conventional technique well known to those who are qualified in its current state.

the active agent can be applied by spray, padding or transfer rollers.

In preferred embodiments, the inner surface of the topsheet 214 is secured in connection with the absorbent core 216. This contact relationship results in fluid penetrating the topsheet 214 more quickly than if it were not in contact with the absorbent core 216. The topsheet 214 can be maintained in contact with the absorbent layer 216 using an adhesive, preferably spaced apart, confined areas, on the inner surface of the topsheet 214. Examples of suitable adhesives used for this purpose include the acrylic emulsion E-1833BT, manufactured by the Rohm and Haas Company of Philadelphia, Pa. and an acrylic emulsion WB38O5 manufactured by H.B. Fuller Company Paul, Minn. Adhesives may be applied in the same manner as a surfactant is applied to the outer surface of the topsheet 214.

Referring to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the absorbent core 216 is positioned between the topsheet 214 and the backsheet 218. The absorbent core 216 provides means for absorbing menstrual fluid. The absorbent core 216 is generally compressible, conformable, and non-irritating to the wearer's skin. It may contain any material used in the art for this purpose. Examples of suitable materials are fabric layers (such as cotton wool) and fibrous pulp (airfelt), the latter being preferred.

The backsheet 218 is impervious to liquids and therefore prevents menstrual fluid that can be displaced from the absorbent core 216 so as not to pollute the wearer's garments. Any material used in the prior art for this purpose may be used therein. Suitable materials are embossed or unstretched polyethylene foils and laminated fabric.

The outer surface of the backsheet 218, generally in coverage with the absorbent core 216, is coated with adhesive of the central pad 220. The adhesive of the central pad 220 provides adhesive attachment means to secure the central absorbent pad 212 in the crotch portion of some panties. Any adhesive or adhesive used in the prior art for this purpose can be used herein, self-adhesive adhesives are preferred. A suitable adhesive is Century A-3O5-IV manufactured by Century Adhesives Corporation and Instant Lok 34-2832 manufactured by National Starch Company. As shown in FIG. 2, the central insert adhesive 220 generally has the same width as the absorbent core 216, the width is not critical, and the respective widths, as well as the lengths, can be readily selected by those skilled in the art. The self-adhesive adhesive of the central insert 220 should be covered with a release liner of the central insert 222 to prevent the adhesive from drying out and adhering to the outer surfaces before being used. Any commercially available release liner used for this purpose can be used herein. Non-limiting examples of these release liners are BL 30 MG-A Silox E1 / O and BL 30 MG-A Silox 4 P / 0, both manufactured by Akrosil Corporation.

As can be seen from the foregoing, the central absorbent pad 212 is an absorbent having a liquid permeable body contacting the surface (shown in Figure 2, the topsheet 214) and an opposing liquid impermeable surface (shown in Figure 2, by the backsheet 218). ). It should be understood that the depicted embodiment is only one option, but the preferred one. Other possible embodiments include one in which the absorbent core is substantially completely wrapped by the topsheet before being placed on the backsheet. The absorbent means may also comprise an absorbent core having sufficient integrity to hold itself upright and which is liquid pervious on one surface, while the other surface has been treated to be impermeable to the liquid.

It should be noted that the narrow central pad 212 is effective because the overall configuration and use of the absorbent article 210 results in the central absorbent pad 212 being maintained in close proximity to the body. Such proximity to the central insert 212 gives it exactly where it should be: very close to the vaginal opening. The central absorbent pad 212 can then absorb the vast majority of the menstrual fluid (menses) before it can flow along the central absorbent pad 212.

It should be noted that the connection lines 226 and 226 are lines along which the flaps 224 and 224 are associated with the absorbent means (represented by the central absorbent pad 212); as such, they represent lines of demarcation between the absorbent means and the flaps. It should also be noted that the connection lines are non-linear in this embodiment, but may also be straight. Preferably, they are concave with respect to the distal edges 278 and 278 and to the volume of the central absorbent pad 212. Thus, the absorbent means assumes a shape in which the width at its center is less than the width at their ends. This contoured shape closely matches the anatomical dimensions of the crotch region of the user. This makes the absorbent article more comfortable to wear, while at the same time it makes it more effective by being less subject to the wearer's foot pressure. While nonlinear connection lines that are convex in relation to the distal edges and the volume of the central absorbent pad may be used, they are not preferred.

It is preferred that the width of the central absorbent pad 212 between the lines of attachment 226 and 226, at their closest approximation, be from about 1 to about 8 centimeters. The width of the central absorbent pad 212 at its ends should be from about 2 to about 9 centimeters. The central absorbent pad 212 should be from about 7.6 to about 38 centimeters long.

The central absorbent pad 212 may not have an absorbent capacity much greater than the total amount of menstrual fluid that is expected to be absorbed. Thus, the central absorbent pad 212, in addition to being narrow, may be relatively thin. In addition, the thin and thin absorbent means are extremely user-friendly. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the topsheet 214 does not serve as the topsheet for flaps 224 and 224. Overall, the flaps do not require the topsheet to allow them to function properly, but the use of the topsheet is preferred. The topsheets with flaps may be integral with the body of the absorbent means contacting the surface, or may be independent elements as shown: the above is preferred. All remarks on specific physical properties made above on topsheet 214 refer to any topsheet with flaps to be used. However, there is no requirement that the topsheet with flaps be of the same material as the topsheet associated with the central absorbent pad. In preferred embodiments, the flaps topsheet may be a nonwoven material while the central absorbent pad topsheet is a shaped film.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the backsheet 218 serves as the backsheet for flaps 224 and 224. The flaps require the backsheet (or more generally, the fluid-impermeable material) to allow them to function properly. The backsheets with flaps may be integral with the liquid impermeable surface of the absorbent means as shown, or may be an independent element; the above is preferred. All remarks on specific physical properties made above about backsheet 218 apply to any backsheet with flaps.

The overall size of the flap 224 can be readily selected by those skilled in the art. Preferably, the absorbent article 210 is from about 10 to about 23 centimeters wide between the distal ends 278 and 278 at their largest separation. Preferably, the flap 224 is from about 7.6 to about 18 centimeters long in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the absorbent article.

The outer surface of the flap 224 adjacent the distal edge 278 is covered with flap adhesive 236.

The flap adhesive 236 is an attachment adhesive that is used to help keep the flap 234 in position after being wrapped around the crotch region of some panties as described above. Any adhesive used as the central insert adhesive 220 may be a flap adhesive 236. Also, an adhesive removable release liner Any material used for the flaps used as a layer as

236 covered with flaps 238.

the release liner of the central insert 222 may be used as the release liner of the flap 238.

As shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the topsheet 214 is secured to the backsheet 218 along the seam 239. This seam may be formed by any means commonly used in the art for this purpose, such as by gluing, crimping or fusible bonding. The seam 239 is shown extending completely around the periphery of the absorbent article 210; it is the preferred embodiment for easy assembly. (Other means of joining the various elements of the device may be used).

The topsheet 214 may be attached to the backsheet 218 along the joint lines 226 and 226 by any technique used to form the seam 239.

The flap 224 comprises a first axis of flexibility 256 and a second axis of flexibility 234. These two axes of flexibility allow the flap 224 to form a wall in use, as further described herein. The flexibility axis may be formed by a separate hinged line or may be positioned along a continuous range in the flap 234 that is flexible to bend about any desired line.

The first flexural axis 256 is constructed to allow the flap to bend along the first flexural axis 256. The folding direction of the flap is upward when the absorbent article 210 is in the configuration of FIG. 2. More generally, the bending direction is such that the portion of the flap 224 containing it

278 rotates about a first axis of flexibility 256 &apos; starting generally from its expanded position as shown in FIG. 2, towards the body of the liquid-permeable, contacting surface of the absorbent means (as shown in Figure 2 by that portion of the topsheet 214 that is covered with the absorbent core 216) and away from the liquid-impermeable surface of the absorbent means (as shown in FIG. a portion of the backsheet 218 that covers the absorbent core 216).

the distal edge of the arch, which

The second bend axis 234 is configured to allow the flap to bend along the second bend axis 234. The bending direction is downward when the absorbent article 210 is in the configuration of FIG. More generally, the bending direction is such that the portion of the flap 224 containing the distal edge 278 rotates about a second axis of flexibility 234 in an arc that generally starts from its extended position, as shown in FIG. 2, towards the liquid impermeable surface of the absorbent article (as shown in Fig. 2 by that portion of the backsheet 218 that is covered with the absorbent core 216, such as containing the central absorbent pad 212) and away from the liquid pervious body contacting the absorbent article surface. as shown in Figure 2, the portion of the topsheet 214 that is in coverage with the absorbent core 216.

The first and second axes of flexibility can be provided in various ways. A preferred method is shown in FIG. 1 and 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the materials of the flap assembly 224 are selected such that the flap 224 is extremely flexible over substantially its entire range. Flexibility axes 256 and 234, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, therefore, are not individual, unique structures, but rather represent a materially infinite number of axis pairs. This arrangement is particularly preferred because it allows the absorbent article 210 to be easily adjusted during fit to fit appropriately to a plurality of undergarments of different sizes and when used on the anatomies described below.

The total flexibility of the flap 224 allows the flap 224 to be adjusted around the edge of the crotch region of the panties without changing the natural path of the crotch region of the panties region, thus the crotch region edge of the panties need not be expanded to suit the second flexible flap axis. In addition, the natural edge path of the crotch portion of the panties results in the highest wall (described below) being formed when the absorbent article is in place for use; this in turn provides the most significant menstrual fluid flow barrier.

In the embodiment of the absorbent article 210 shown in FIG. 1 and 2, it is preferred that the flap assembly materials 224 are selected such that the flap has a bending resistance, through a 90θ arc, of less than about 200 grams, more preferably less than about 50 grams, and most preferably less than about 25 grams, such as measured by the PCA Score Bend Tester manufactured by the Thwing-Albert Instrument Company of Philadelphia, Pa. These values are obtained when a portion of the flap 7.6 cm long (and which is maintained 2.5 cm above the lower edge of the tilt plate) is evaluated based on standard TAPPI conditions.

In a nutshell, an axis is generally considered a linear element. These axes of flexibility are also generally linear, but since the materials of which the flaps are constructed typically have a degree of flexibility that can be conveniently bent and folded by manual force, the given axes of flexibility may become non-linear due to the influence of external forces.

As shown in FIG. 1, the first flexibility axis 256 is in close proximity to the bond line 226. The first flexibility axis 256 actually intersects the bond line 226 at the point where the latter contacts the outer edge of the absorbent article (such as the seam 239). In all cases, this will be the only situation in which the first line of flexibility 256 and the line of connection 226 touch or overlap. However, it should be understood that the application of external forces during use may cause the first axis of flexibility to move towards the connection line so that in some cases both may touch or cover.

Absorbent articles comprising a central absorbent pad comprising a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent core positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet, and having a flap extending from each longitudinal edge of the central absorbent pad, wherein the bond line is between each flap and the longitudinal edge of the central absorbent pad linear, and having each flap provided with a flexible axis disposed within the flap body, may be assembled such that the absorbent article preferably bends in a linear line of bonding of each flap and longitudinal edge of the central absorbent pad as well as inside the valve body. Such products, although distinctly different from those of the present invention, will function in an analogous manner to those of the present invention.

The exact shape of the flap 224 as well as the overall shape of the absorbent article 210 can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue experimentation. In the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 and 3, these flaps are symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal axis of the absorbent article. Although this is a preferred embodiment, it is not a mandatory design feature. As mentioned above, the flaps are generally a mirror reflection of each other, while this is preferred, as is not a mandatory design requirement.

Further, the absorbent articles shown in FIG. 1 and 2 are embodiments in which the flaps are integrally formed with the topsheet and backsheets of the absorbent article. Again, while this is the preferred method of assembly, it is not mandatory. The flaps and central absorbent articles may be formed independently and joined by techniques well known to those skilled in the art in such a way that the resulting absorbent article will function substantially the same as the embodiments shown in this material.

In use, the absorbent article of the invention may be held in place by any support means well known for this purpose. Belts worn around the wearer's waist may be used. However, it is highly preferred that they be placed in the wearer's undergarment as described below.

Giant. 8 is a garment garment commonly worn by many women and well known as panties. It includes a front section 240, a rear section 242, and a crotch portion 244. connecting the front and rear portions 240 and 242. The crotch portion 244 includes two side edges 246 and 246 and a central crotch portion 248.

An absorbent article of the present invention, such as that shown in FIG. 1 and 2 is used by removing the release liners 222, 238 and 238 and then placing the absorbent article in the panty as shown in FIG. 9. The center of the central absorbent pad 212 in the crotch portion 244 of the panty with one end of the absorbent pad 212 extending towards the front is positioned the central portion 240 and the other end toward the rear panty portion 242 and the backsheet 218 in contact with the central crotch portion 248.

with the inner surface of the central pad adhesive 220 keeps the central absorbent pad 212 in position. The distal portions of flaps 224 and 224 are folded around respective side edges 246 and 246 of the panty by bending along the second flexible axes 234 and 234. The valve adhesive 236 and 236 secure the flaps 224 and 224 in this position. Thus, flaps 224 and 224 are each folded over each other with a portion of the panties - including side edges 246 and 246 - positioned therebetween.

Numerous advantages can be derived from the use of the absorbent article of the present invention. The flaps 224 and 224 are wrapped around each edge 246 and 246 of the crotch portion 244 of the panty as shown in FIG. 8. This panty crotch encapsulation assists in preventing menstrual fluid from oars coming into contact with the central crotch portion of the panty. Thus, the central part of the crotch is not polluted.

There are two other advantages. One is that the portions of the flaps comprising the second axes of flexibility, 234 and 234, provide excellent closure as if by a gasket against the body. The second is that the absorbent means, such as the central absorbent pad 212, is maintained in an excellent associated relationship with the body.

The crotch portion of the panty generally comprises some elastic material. When any panties are worn, the elastic edge of the crotch portion generates an upward force, i.e., against the body, due to the respective energy in the elastic and the panty fit. Placing a second flexion axis, such as the second flexion axes 234 and 234, between the body and the crotch portion of the pantie portion results in the upward force generated by the crotch portion edge of the panties pushing a portion of the flaps containing the second pleats axis flexibly against the body. As a result, it is formed as if closing with a sealing insert along the axes of flexibility between the flaps and the body. This is illustrated in FIG. 10, which is a fragmentary, coronal view showing the compartments of the absorbent article and panties of FIG. 8 in place on some user. (A coronal view is an appropriate frontal plane that extends through the long axis of the body.) Sealing as a gasket helps to prevent menstrual fluid from penetrating beyond the second axis of flexibility, which in turn minimizes contamination of the legs and surrounding linen. Another pleasure derived from the flaps pushed to fit the body along the second axes of flexibility is that the absorbent means (central absorbent pad) are forced into close proximity and conform to the body. This is also shown in FIG. 10. Keeping the central absorbent pad against the body is known as good body contact. Good body contact is important because it provides a barrier to the lateral flow of menstrual fluid. Without such a barrier, the menstrual fluid would tend to flow rapidly along the topsheet, thereby providing less time to be absorbed by the absorbent core.

Inherent agglomeration is the formation of wrinkles along the lateral axes of an absorbent article resulting from the original fit of the absorbent article into the pantie for use. (The lateral axes of the absorbent article extend across the crotch portion of the absorbent article generally parallel to the line 2-2 of Figure 1.). This inherent aggregation is due to the fact that the absorbent article is substantially linear along its longitudinal axis and that the anatomical contour of the body where the absorbent article is located is U-shaped. (The longitudinal axis of an absorbent article extends from end to end of central absorbent articles). and is generally perpendicular to line 2-2 of Figure 1). Thus, once the absorbent article is in place, it changes shape along its longitudinal axis from initially mass linear to U-shaped. This shape change creates wrinkling along the lateral axes of the absorbent article, with their greatest occurrence at the point of greatest body curvature, i.e. the crotch region.

Forced agglomeration is the wrinkling of the absorbent article along either its lateral or longitudinal axes, caused by the movement of the user's legs.

Wrinkles in the absorbent article formed by inherent and forced agglomeration are known as flow channels because menstrual fluid can easily flow along the groove of the wrinkle in the absence of important body contact along the wrinkle.

The absorbent article of the present invention provides a number of advantages since the flaps bend along a first axis of flexibility. The benefits provided are especially that:

(1) the results of inherent agglomeration lead to channels that are formed essentially only in the central absorbent pad, not in the body of the flaps, (2) the absorbent article of the invention can withstand large forced agglomeration before the flow channels are formed; the forced agglomeration is hard enough to form the flow channels, the formed channels are substantially limited to the central absorbent pad, and (4) although the forced agglomeration is so large that the flow channels are formed in both the central absorbent pad and the flaps, menstrual flow. the fluid is limited before penetrating beyond the second valve bending zone.

These four advantages are obtained because the absorbent article of the invention is provided with barrier means or walls 107 and because it bends along the respective zones of flexibility. The anatomical characteristics of the crotch region of a woman are such that the crotch portion is substantially trapezoid in shape, with the central crotch region located at the vaginal opening that is the base of the trapezoid. When the absorbent article of the invention, such as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2, used, the anatomical characteristics of the crotch region force the absorbent article to bend upward in a first axis of flexibility. As a result, in the absorbent article a wall is formed on each side of the central absorbent pad; this wall extends from the first axis of flexibility to the second axis of flexibility, as shown in FIG. Thus, in use, the absorbent article of the present invention has a shape similar to the plane formed by the second plea axes (234 and 234) wrapped around the crotch portion of the panties (246 and 246) higher than the plane formed by the first plea axes (256 and 234). 256) when the user is in the upright position.

The inherent agglomeration in the absorbent article of the present invention is substantially limited to the central absorbent pad; substantially no flow channels are formed in the walls. Without being bound by any theory, it is believed that when the flow channels are formed, the energy that forms them is transmitted across the central absorbent pads and the flow channels are extended. It takes the flow channels to reach the first flexibility axes. Furthermore, the flow channels do not expand because the first flexibility axes are believed to release energy expanding channels. Thus, the flow channels do not reach the seal-like seal formed between the flap and the body in the second axis of flexibility, and the seal therefore remains intact. The seal closure forms a dam and blocks the flow of menstrual fluid. The menstrual fluid can then (or has already been) absorbed by the absorbent core.

The absorbent article of the present invention can withstand strong forced agglomeration before any flow channels are formed, since the energy transmitted to the article by forced agglomeration results in the walls tending to rotate about each axis of the first flexibility. Without this rotation, the channels form.

Although the forced agglomeration is hard enough to form flow channels, these formed channels are substantially limited to the central absorbent pad. This also applies to inherent agglomeration for the same reasons that they form flow channels only in the central absorbent pad. The seal-like closure across the wall, which is the mass of the wearer in the upright seal-like closure, thus remains intact and forms a dam and blocks the flow of menstrual fluid until it can be absorbed by the absorbent core.

Although the forced agglomeration is so large that the flow channels are formed in both the central absorbent pad and the flaps, the menstrual fluid is limited before penetrating beyond the walls 107 and the second axis of flexibility of the flaps. These flow channels are likely to break the seal of the gasket. However, the menstrual fluid is limited to penetrate beyond the second flexible axes of the valves because the walls themselves form a barrier to the flow of the menstrual fluid. The menstrual fluid would have to flow upward directly against the force of gravity when positioned to penetrate the insert. Thus, the walls themselves prevent menstrual fluid flow.

Briefly, the absorbent article of the present invention constitutes flow channels substantially only in the central absorbent pad, with the result that the seal in the shape of the gasket remains intact, therefore, the menstrual fluid does not flow past the gasket. However, although the forced agglomeration will be so great that this sealing closure breaks, the walls themselves will hinder the flow of menstrual fluid.

It is important to note that in FIG. 10, the flap adhesive 236 is shown as touching the edge of the panties only on their outer surface. While this is the preferred method of securing an absorbent article in a panty, the flap adhesive may contact the panty edge only on their inner surface or both the inner and outer surfaces when a portion of the flap extends around and the inside of the panty edge.

The absorbent article of the present invention has already been described as having two flaps each forming a wall when in use. While these embodiments are highly preferred, it is conceivable in the future to have devices having no valves or having only one valve. This single flap would be associated with a central absorbent means along a non-linear connection line. The flap would comprise at least two, and preferably at least four, axes of flexibility that would allow it to form the two walls described above when folded completely around the crotch portion of the panties. The flap would then be associated with a central absorbent means along a non-linear connection line opposite to the above.

In the embodiments of the absorbent article of the present invention shown and described above, adhesive attachment means were present near the distal edges of the flaps and in coverage with the central absorbent core. These elements, designed to hold the absorbent article securely in the crotch of an item of underwear, are highly preferred. Without departing from this position, it can be argued that embodiments of the invention that lack one or more of the described adhesive attachment means are also useful, novel, efficient devices.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2 can easily be adapted to function as an embodiment of the present invention, which is effectively free of one or more adhesive attachment means.

For example, the adhesive of the central insert 220 (and, naturally associated with it, the release liner 222) may be of the absorbent article 210 shown in FIG. 1 and 2, omitted. In use, this modified embodiment will be located in the inner crotch region of the pantie as well as the unmodified embodiment, except that the central absorbent pad 220 is not attached to the inner crotch region of the panties. The flaps 224 and 224 may be secured around the elastic edge of the panty as described above by means of the flaps adhesive 236 and 234. The panties with their associated, modified absorbent article will be handled by the user as before. The flap adhesive 236 and 236, in cooperation with the elastic edges of the panties, holds the modified absorbent article in place.

In a similar manner, the absorbent article 210 can be treated, only by omitting the flap adhesive 236 and 236 (and the release liner 238 and 238). The modified absorbent article will be secured in the crotch region of the panty by the adhesive of the central insert 220 and the flaps will only fold around the elastic edges.

In a similar manner, the absorbent article 210 may be treated by omitting all of the adhesive tabs and the central insert. In use, the article so treated will only be held in position by the cooperation between the flaps, elastic edges of the panties and the body of the wearer.

Giant. 3 illustrates an embodiment in which the topsheet 40 comprises a central insert 105 and is folded over its marginal portions 103. At the periphery of the core 48, the topsheet comprises two layers that are joined together, for example, by adhesive or ultrasonic vortex bonding. The free edge 109 of the wall 107, which is formed by the topsheet, is located at the top of the absorbent core 48, within its periphery, which is defined by the sides 226 and 226 as shown in FIG. 1. A contraction member in the form of an elastic 77 is attached to the free edge 109.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the walls 107 are formed by a backsheet 42 that is wrapped around the core 48 and which is joined to the topsheet 40 in the bonding areas 108 at the top of the core.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the wall 107 is formed by a foam strip 100 which is located below the topsheet at the top of the core 48. The sanitary article of FIG. 5 is provided with wings 43 for attachment to the garment of the wearer as shown in FIG. 10.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the wall 107 is a flexible bracket 102 that is connected between the topsheet 40 and the backsheet 42.

wearer wear (i.e., contraction). The absorbent core 48 is shown as

Giant. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view illustrating the assembly of another embodiment in the crotch region of an absorbent article of the present invention as formed before the article undergoes elastic 44 comprising an absorbent layer fully wrapped with first and second tissue layers 50 and 52. The absorbent core 44 is disposed between the topsheet. 38 and backsheet 42, wherein both the topsheet 3.8 and the backsheet 42 extend beyond the side edges 46 of the absorbent core 44 to define the side flap 58. The side-facing surfaces of the topsheet 38 and backsheet 42 are secured adhesively together by adhesives 88.

The barrier means 62 is shown formed by securing an element to the topsheet 38 between the outer edge of the flap and the side edge 46 of the absorbent core 44. The body closest edge 64 of the barrier means 62 is formed by securing the barrier means element to the topsheet 38 using adhesive 92. the members 77 are disposed in the tunnel that is formed when the end of the barrier means element is folded back on itself, the spacer members 77 are secured in the barrier means by the elastic attachment means 94. The distal edge 66 of the barrier means is positioned outwardly from the top surface 40 of the topsheet by elastically gathering the spacer elastic members 7; the channel 96 is thereby formed by at least the proximal edge 64, the distal edge 66 and the inwardly located surface 68 of the barrier means 62. The channel 96 is shown to be ready to limit, retain and retain body fluids before the absorbent article 210 is removed from the wearer.

The topsheet 38 is compliant, with a soft feel

Further, the topsheet 38 is a fluid so that the topsheet can be such as porous plastic foils, cotton fibers), and non-irritating to the wearer's skin, permeable to liquids permitting penetration through its thickness. Suitably made of a wide range of materials, foam, reticular foam, apertured natural fibers (e.g., wood or synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester or polypropylene fibers) or a combination of natural and man-made fibers. Preferably made of a hydrophobic material to isolate the wearer's skin from fluid in absorbent kernel 44.

A particularly preferred topsheet 38 comprises staple-length polypropylene fibers with a yarn weight unit of 1.5, such as Hercules Type 151 polypropylene, sold by Hercules Inc. of Wilmington, Del. As used herein, the term staple-length fibers refers to fibers having a length of at least about 15.9 mm (0.625 inches).

There are a number of manufacturing techniques that can be used to produce the topsheet 38. For example, the topsheet 38 may be woven, nonwoven fiber, nonwoven yarn, carded or the like. A useful topsheet 38 is carded and thermally bonded by means well known to those skilled in the art of manufacturing such products. Preferably, the topsheet 38 has a weight of from about 18 to about 25 grams per square meter, a minimum dry tensile strength of at least about 400 grams per centimeter in the longitudinal direction, and a wet tensile strength of at least about 55 grams per centimeter in the transverse longitudinal direction.

The absorbent core 44 may be any device that is generally compressible, conformable, non-irritating to the wearer's skin, capable of absorbing and retaining body fluids.

A preferred absorbent core 44 has first and second opposed faces and includes an absorbent layer 48 and respective first and second fabric layers 50 and 52, respectively. The first and second layers of fabric 50 and 52 overlap the largest surfaces of the absorbent layer 48 to form the first and second opposite faces of the absorbent core.

The absorbent layer 48 can be manufactured in a wide variety of sizes and shapes (e.g., rectangular, hourglass, etc.) and from a wide range of liquid-absorbing materials commonly used in absorbent articles such as pulverized wood pulp, generally referred to as airfelt. Examples of other suitable absorbent materials include crepe cellulose wadding, absorbent foams, absorbent sponges, superabsorbent polymers, or any equivalent material or combination of materials. However, the total absorbent capacity of the absorbent layer 84 should correspond to the projected body fluid load in the intended use of the absorbent article. Further, the size and absorbent capacity of the absorbent layer 48 may be varied to suit different wearers.

The size, shape, and configuration of the absorbent layer 48 may vary (for example, the absorbent layer may have a different palpability or hydrophilic gradient, or may contain superabsorbent materials or synthetic fibers).

The first and second tissue layers 50 and 52 improve the tensile strength of the absorbent core 44 and reduce the tendency of the absorbent layer 48 to fray, break out or clump in the wet state. The first and second tissue layers 50 and 52 also help to improve the lateral wick effect of absorbed body fluids, thereby ensuring a more even distribution of body fluids throughout the absorbent layer 48. While a variety of materials can be used to produce the first and second tissue layers 50 and 52, respectively. and manufacturing techniques, successful results were obtained with tissue paper sheets weighing about 16 grams per square meter (10 pounds per 3,000 square feet) and having an air permeability of about 30.5 cubic meters per minute per square meter (100 cubic feet per minute). minute per square foot) at a pressure varying about 12.8 millimeters from water (0.5 inches). While the first and second tissue layers 50 and 52 are preferably in alignment with the absorbent layer 48, they may have different dimensions, different configurations, or may be omitted at all.

The absorbent core 44 is superimposed on the backsheet 42 and is preferably secured thereto by attachment means (not shown) known to those skilled in the art. For example, the absorbent core 44 may be secured to the backsheet 42 by a uniform continuous layer of adhesive, a patterned layer of adhesive, or an array of separate lines or points of adhesive. A suitable adhesive has been found to be manufactured by Eastman Chemical Products Company of Kingsport, Tenn. And sold under the trademark Eastobond A-3.

The backsheet 42 is liquid impermeable and is preferably made of a thin plastic film, although other resilient liquid impervious materials may also be used. The backsheet 42 prevents body fluids absorbed and retained in the absorbent core 44 from leaking into the environment that touches the absorbent article, such as underwear items. The backsheet 42 is preferably a polyethylene film having a thickness of from about 0.012 mm (0.5 mils) to about 0.051 cm (2.0 mils), although other resilient, liquid impermeable materials may be used. As used herein, the term flexible refers to materials that are compliant and that readily conform to the overall shape and contours of the human body.

A suitable polyethylene film by Chemical Corporation and marketed by 8020. The backsheet 42 may be manufactured by Monsanto on the market as Film No. 3, No. 5, No. 5, No. 5, No. 5, No. 5, No. 5, No. 5, pp. embossed and / or matte finish to provide a more fabric look. Further, the backsheet 42 may allow vapors to escape from the absorbent core 44 while still preventing body fluids from passing through the respective backsheet 42.

The topsheet 38 and backsheet 42 are associated with each other in any suitable manner. As used herein, the term composite includes configurations in which the topsheet 38 is directly attached to the backsheet 43. by attaching the topsheet 38 directly to the backsheet 42 and configurations in which the topsheet 38 is indirectly attached to the backsheet 42 by attaching the topsheet 38 to the intermediate members which are subsequently attached to the backsheet 42. In a preferred embodiment, the topsheet 38 and the backsheet 42 are attached directly to each other in the respective circumference by means of fastening means such as adhesive 88 or any other fastening means. means known in the art. For example, a uniform continuous adhesive layer, an exemplary adhesive layer, or any array of separate lines or points of adhesive may be used. The side flap 58 should be highly flexible.

The side flaps 58 are that portion of the absorbent article between the respective periphery and the edges of the absorbent core 44. Thus, in the embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 7, the side flaps 58 are formed from the expansion of the backsheet 42 and the topsheet 38 from and along the side edges 46 of the absorbent core 44.

Each barrier means 62 is a flexible member having a proximal edge 64, a distal edge 66, an inner surface 68 and an outer surface 70. As used herein, the term flexible refers to materials that are compliant and readily conform to the overall shape and the contours of the human body. In addition, if the spacing means 76 include spacing elastic members 77, the barrier means 62 must be retractable such that the distal edge 66 can be spaced sufficiently away from the top surface 40 of the topsheet to form a channel 96 for restraint, retention, and restraint. maintaining body fluids within the product. The barrier means 62 can be manufactured from a wide variety of materials such as polyester, rayon, nylon, plastic films, molded films and elastic foams. A variety of manufacturing techniques can be used to manufacture the barrier means. For example, the barrier means 62 may be woven, nonwoven, carded and the like. Particularly preferred barrier means 62 include non-finished or non-liquid impervious material. A particularly preferred material is that produced by Crown Zellerbach Company called Celestra.

As shown in FIG. 7, the barrier means 62 or more more specifically, the proximal edge 64, are arranged to be disposed within and preferably adjacent the respective flap.

The term located inside is defined as the direction to the central line 36. which is parallel to a respective edge (226, 226) along which particular barrier means 62 are arranged.

The barrier means 62 is arranged to provide a more effective restriction against the flow of body fluids. The barrier means 62 is preferably arranged between the outer edge of the flap and the longitudinal centerline 36 of the absorbent article.

The proximal edge 64 and distal edge 66 are spaced apart from each other and define the width of the barrier means 62. The proximal and distal edges 64 and 66, respectively, may be in parallel, non-parallel, rectilinear, or in relationship. In addition, the barrier means 62.

they may have a variety of different cross-sectional areas, including circular, square, rectangular or any other shapes. Preferably, the proximal edge 64 is spaced from the distal edge 66 in parallel and rectilinear relationship to ensure that the barrier means 62 have the same widths.

The embodiment of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 7, is provided with barrier means 62 attached to the topsheet 38. The term attached includes any means for attaching barrier means 32 to the absorbent article and includes embodiments wherein the barrier means 62 are separate elements having a proximal edge 64 directly or indirectly attached to the topsheet. or an embodiment in which the barrier means 62 are made of the same element or material as the topsheet 38 such that the proximal edge 64 is a continuous and undivided element of the topsheet (ie unitary). The barrier means 62 may alternatively be attached to the side flap 58, backsheet 42, absorbent core 44, topsheet 38, or any combination of these or other elements of the absorbent article. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the barrier means 62 are integral with the topsheet 38. The integral barrier means 62 are preferably formed by a single web of material that is secured to the topsheet by an adhesive 92, the distal edge 66 being formed by folding the end of the material back on itself.

The distal edge 66 is preferably arranged to be located within the proximal edge 64 of said more effective flow barrier. The distal edges 66 are maintained positioned within the proximal edges 64 by the adhesive means 78 to prevent their inversion. While the distal edges 66 may alternatively be arranged at other positions relative to the proximal edges 64, these positions are not preferred.

The distal edge 66 is preferably not attached to any other element at least in the central region of the absorbent article so as to be spaced from the top surface 40 of the topsheet 38. The distal end 66 is preferably spaced from the top surface 40 of the topsheet 38 so that the barrier means 62 can forming a channel 96 to increase product retention. As used herein, spaced from, it is an embodiment in which the distal edges 66 may assume one or more adjustments relative to the top surface 40 of the topsheet 38, including at some moments a position adjacent the top surface 40 of the topsheet 38. The distance between the distal edge 66 and the top surface 40 of the topsheet 38 is measured along a line drawn from the distal edge 66 to the nearest portion of the topsheet 38 when the distal edge 66 is set to be as far away from the topsheet as possible (i.e. downloaded position). Preferably, the distal edge 66 is spaced from the topsheet 38 by a height of at least 2 mm, and more preferably from about 5 mm to about 10 mm.

The channel 96 is formed at least along the proximal and distal edges 64 and 66 and within the positioned surface 68 of the barrier means 62. The channel 96 forms a body fluid flow barrier when it tends to move across the topsheet 38.

The barrier means 62 may additionally be provided with absorbent means attached to or within the barrier means 62. The absorbent means absorbs and retains body fluid that contacts the barrier means 62. The absorbent means may be any means capable of absorbing and retaining fluid and may have any size, shape, configuration or absorption capacity. The absorbent means may be positioned to the barrier means 62 along the internally located surface 68 or within the barrier means 62. Preferably, the absorbent means is a layer of aifell mounted within a tunnel formed by integral barrier means and fixed along the entire length and width within the positioned surface 68 of the barrier means 62.

In addition, the barrier means is liquid impermeable such that it is a liquid. Liquid impervious agents can be made to prevent the flow of bodily barrier means 62.

means 62 for securing

7, the spacing means 76 slow the movement of the fluid through the barrier means 62, thereby rendering them more resistant to leakage. The barrier means 62 may be rendered fluid-impermeable by any method well known in the art, such as by special treatment of the barrier means, the barrier means, or by securing some separate material to the barrier means.

The spacing means 76 for spacing the distal edge 66 from the top surface 40 of the topsheet is any member that scoops, contracts, stiffens, shortens or otherwise acts on the barrier means 62 to cause the channel 96 to form along the barrier barrier against leakage thereof.

As shown in FIG.

preferably, the spacer elastic member 77 secured adjacent the distal edge 66 within the barrier means 62. The spacer elastic member 77 is preferably secured to the barrier means 62 in a retractable condition such that in a normally unrestricted configuration, the spacer elastic member 77 effectively picks up or contracts the barrier means 62.

As shown in FIG. 7, the spacer elastic member 77 is associated with the barrier means 62 by fastening it within the barrier means by the elastic attachment means 94. While the spacing elastic members 77 can be secured to a barrier adjacent only the ends of the elastic spacing member 77, it is preferred to fix the entire length of the spacing elastic member 77 to the barrier means 62.

The elastic fastening means 94 herein are preferably reinforced adhesive bands made of a hot melt adhesive such as marketed by Adhesives Incorporated, Wis., Such as adhesive 581.

The spacer elastic member 77 that might be suitable is an elastic strip of 0.18 mm by 1.5 mm cross section and made of natural rubber as available from Rubber Company of Va. Under the trademark L-1900 Rubber Compound. Other suitable spacing elastic members 77 may be made of natural rubber, such as an elastic strip sold under the trademark 9211 from Company of Scotland, N.C. The spacing elastic member 77 may also comprise any heat shrink elastic material well known in the art. Other suitable elastic materials may include a wide variety of materials well known in the art, including films, polyurethane films, foams, and molded elastics.

In addition, the spacing elastic members 77 may have multiple configurations. For example, the width of the spacing elastic members 77 may be varied; the spacer elastic members may comprise a single strip or a plurality of parallel or non-parallel strips of elastic material; or the spacing elastic members 77 may be rectilinear or curvilinear. Still further, the spacing elastic members 77 may be attached to the barrier means 62 in any of several ways well known in the art. For example, the spacer elastic member 77 may be bonded or thermally bonded to the barrier means 62 using a variety of connection patterns, or the spacer elastic members 77 may simply be adhered to the barrier means 62.

The spacing means 76 for spacing the distal edge 66 from the top surface 40 of the topsheet may alternatively comprise several other elements. For example, the barrier means 62 may have reinforcement means disposed in or on each barrier means 62. The reinforcement means must be sufficiently rigid that the distal edge 66 is positioned from the top surface 40 of the topsheet. Suitable reinforcing materials include foams, fabrics, textile webs, polyethylene film moldings, spray adhesives, foamed polyester, or a highly reinforced material such as Carolina Formed Fabrics.

The spacing means 77 may also include means for shortening the distal edge 66 compared to the edge length of the absorbent article. The distal edge 66 may be shortened by forming a fold or pleat in the distal edge 66. This fold or pleat is provided by any retention means well known in the art, such as by adhesive or thermal bonding. Alternatively, some portion may be cut from the distal edge and the edges put together to form some contact surface or joint. The distal edge 66 may also be shortened by attaching the length of the distal edge 66 to the topsheet 38 in a position different from that of the distal edge 66 when the absorbent article is in a flat state. Other shortening techniques known in the art may also be used.

Adhesive means for securing the end portions of the barrier means 62 closed near the lateral edges of the absorbent article provide a more comfortable fit to the wearer and prevent inversion of the distal edges 66 of the barrier means 62 during deployment and use. Inversion is generally defined as a distal rim 66 disposed therein that rotates outwardly when the absorbent article is worn on the wearer. In a preferred embodiment, such adhesive means are arranged in the front region and the rear region of the absorbent article. The remaining portions of the barrier means 62 are not secured by closure so that the distal edges 66 remain free.

Adhesive means 78 are preferably reinforced adhesive bands 79 containing hot melt adhesives such as the commercially available adhesives 581 from Adhesives Incorporated, Wis.

Claims (13)

1. An absorbent article comprising: an absorbent core having a first end face, a second end face, a perimeter comprising two longitudinal sides and two lateral sides; an upper layer overlying the first end face of the core; a liquid-impermeable backsheet associated with the topsheet, the backsheet overlying the second front side of the core; and barrier means disposed along the longitudinal sides to limit the movement of fluids in a major lateral direction, characterized in that the barrier means comprises a wall having a free edge which is raised above the plane of the first face of the respective core, the free edge being at least during use of the absorbent article, located within the periphery of the core. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the backsheet extends beyond the periphery of the core and provides flaps for attachment to a garment during use, wherein the barrier means is attached to the flaps adjacent the periphery of the core. 3. Absorbent article comprising: an absorbent core having a first end face, a second end face, a perimeter comprising two longitudinal sides and two lateral sides; an upper layer overlying the first end face of the core; a liquid-impermeable backsheet associated with the topsheet, the backsheet overlying the second front side of the core; and - barrier means positioned along the longitudinal sides to limit the movement of fluids in a direction generally parallel to the lateral sides, characterized in that the backsheet extends beyond the periphery of the core to form flaps for attachment to any garment during use, the barrier means comprising a wall which is attached to the flaps adjacent the periphery of the core. 4. An absorbent article according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said wall is formed by a spacer member positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet. 5. An absorbent article according to claim 4 wherein said spacer member comprises a bracket strip. 6. The absorbent article of claim 1 wherein said spacer member is disposed between the topsheet and the core. 7. The absorbent article of Claim 6 wherein said spacer member comprises a foam sheet. 8. An absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the barrier means comprises an upper layer, the upper layer having a central portion overlying the core and marginal portions that form a wall along the longitudinal sides of the core. 9. An absorbent article according to claim 8 wherein the marginal portions of the topsheet also extend along the lateral sides of the core. 10. An absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the barrier means comprises a topsheet. Absorbent article according to claim 1, 2, 3, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the free edge of the wall of the barrier means is provided with tightening means. 12. The absorbent article of claim 11, wherein the contraction means comprises an elastic member 13. An absorbent article according to claim 11 wherein the means of contraction is provided by shortening the free edge by crimping.