CZ22864U1 - Mixed feeding dose for cloven-hoofed game - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to a mixed ration for hoofed game.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, the feeding of forest animals is mainly carried out using hay or cereals, replacing the pith and fodder feed. However, various ingredients and granules containing the necessary vitamins and minerals to support antler growth or to improve game reproduction are no exception. However, the necessity of mixing these nutrients places further demands on the work of hunters, who must mix this mixture thoroughly with feeding and calculate appropriate admixture ratios according to their weight.

A significant disadvantage of granular mixtures, however, is their complex preparation on the production lines and the discontinuity with the feed base. Thus, the animal chooses food in the feeders and disrupts both its prescribed nutrient intake and the nutrient intake of other game that comes after it, to which the granules will no longer get.

An example of a vitamin additive for livestock is described in CZ 113092 B1. The admixture consists of a sugar component of 40 to 45% malt extract, eg in the form of a syrup, 15 to 25% fructose, as a protein component 5 to 7% sodium caseinate, as a mineral nutrient 7 to 9% calcium phosphate, as a vitamin and fat component 2-3% oil solution of lipophilic vitamins containing 4,000,000 to 6,000,000 IU of vitamin A and 750,000 to 1,250,000 IU of calciferol, 1 to 2% of vitamin E, eg in the form of a 10% stabilized concentrate of loop oil 20 is, 1 to 2% of lecithin, 8 to 10% of a dispersant, eg polysorbate 80, 0.1 to 0.2% of a preservative, especially methylparaben, and 1 to 2% of taste corrections, the rest up to 100% being water .

In the past there was an effort to create ready-made feed containing both sufficient nutrients and vitamins. However, no suitable combination has ever been found to produce such a mixed feed ration or silage.

CZ 126589 B1 discloses a fodder for forest animals consisting of pressed chopped mixtures of leaves and branches of coniferous and deciduous trees with the addition of urea-formaldehyde polycondensate, free formalin and citric acid. However, the feed is a supplement without any nutritional value and nutritional value.

CZ 3690 Ul is a cereal-based feed whose daily dose is from 50 to 99.8% consisting of squeezed grain with a source of animal protein and 0.2 to 1.6% mineral-vitamin additives, these two components being supplemented at least once of the following components: hay, silage, straw. However, this feed does not meet the requirements of hoofed game and is mainly used for cattle.

The aim of the technical solution is to present a new compact mixed ration for hoofed game containing a balanced combination of nutrients and vitamins suitable for immediate administration without the need to mix it with common feeds.

The essence of the technical solution

The above mentioned drawbacks are largely eliminated by the mixed feed ration for hoofed animals, which is based on the fact that the mixed ration is a compact, hermetically sealed ready-to-use dosage unit with the addition of an inoculant up to 0.1% by weight of the mixed feeding rations.

In a preferred embodiment, an additive comprising lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus buchneri is used as the inoculent in an amount of 0.001% by weight of the mixed ration.

- 1 CZ 22864 Ul

In another preferred embodiment, an additive comprising lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in an amount of 0.05% by weight of the mixed feed is used as the inoculum.

Example of technical solution

The presented technical solution describes the composition of mixed feed rations, the so-called TMR, for hoofed game, ie for roe deer, deer etc. The mixture contains not only bulky feeds such as green fodder, silage maize, hay, physically modified root crops especially carrots, corn, wheat, barley, oats or triticale and pulses, economically interesting feed residues of the food industry such as malt flower, brewing grains, sugar cuttings, residues of the mill or oil industry - extracted Scrap or cake etc. However, silage is an integral and new part inoculants.

The use of bacterial inoculants increases the production of preserving lactic acid, accelerates acidification of the preserved feed and improves the amount and ratio of the fermentation products produced. The active agent inoculants are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 15 e.g. Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus Laris, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus planatarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus buchneri, with the total concentration of colony forming units (CPU) ⁹ 30.10 bakterií.g ^'1.

Dosage of inoculants is usually different and is influenced both by the total concentration of colonies formed by units of lactic acid bacteria contained in the given inoculants and by the form of ino20 gulants.

It is recommended to use inoculants containing not only selected homofermentative osmotolerant lactic acid bacteria, for a higher dry matter content in the feed ration, but also heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, to enhance aerobic stability.

Examples of inoculants include, for example, a preparation containing lactic acid bacteria Entero25 coccus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus buchneri with a total concentration of lactic bacteria of 1.5.10 ¹⁰ CFU / g and a dosage of 10 g / t Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus with a total CFU of 2.10 ⁸ and a dosage of 500 g / t, or a preparation containing Lactobacillus casei ssp. Rhamnosus and Propionibacterium freundreichii ssp.

shermanii with a total CFU concentration of 8.10 ^l / g and a dosage of 2 g / t.

The tables described below represent the most suitable examples of mixed feed rations for hoofed game. In individual variations, it is calculated using water-soluble inoculants applied in an aqueous solution at a dose of 10 g of inoculants per ton of mixed feed ration.

CZ 22864 Ul

Example 1. Variant with higher proportion of brewing grains and hay

Feed Dry matter NL Fat Fiber BNLV NEL Ca P % % g / kg feed MJ / kg feed g / kg feed Silage corn 27 Mar: 30 6.96 2.59 18.32 50.69 0.534 0.33 0.19 Meadow hay 8 86 6.97 1.47 23.7 31.48 0.283 0.54 0.21 Clover hay 4 850 5.26 0.86 10.62 15.28 0.173 0.49 0.07 Apple pomace 10 4.66 3.21 12.26 43.97 0.351 0.15 0.3 Carrot fodder 10 13.5 1.3 0.3 1.36 9.33 0.101 0.06 0.05 Brewing grains fresh 15 Dec 24 9.95 3.3 7.86 17.18 0.21 0.13 0.22 Oat 10 88 11.69 4.74 11.48 59.41 0,637 0.1 0.37 Wheat 5 88 6.45 0.98 1,27 36.07 0.404 0.03 0.2 Barley 5 88 5.46 0.92 2.41 35.61 0.366 0.05 0.18 ŘEŠ 3 91 10.97 1.01 3.64 10.49 0.196 0.2 0.31 MVD MICROS LZ 3 92 - - - - 6.75 2.55 TMR 100 ALIGN! 45-55 69.67 19.38 92.92 309.5 3.26 8.83 4.65

Example 2. Variant with higher proportion of brewing grains and hay

Feed Dry matter NL Fat Fiber BNLV NEL Ca P % % g / kg feed MJ / kg feed g / kg feed Silage corn 30 30 7.5 2.79 19.7 54.6 0.58 0.36 0.21 Meadow hay 8 86 6.97 1.47 23.7 31.5 0.28 0.54 0.21 Clover hay 2 850 2.55 0.42 5.15 7.41 0.08 0.24 0.04 Apple pomace 10 4.66 3.21 12.3 44 0.35 0.15 0.3 Carrot fodder 10 13.5 1.3 0.3 1.36 9.33 0.1 0.06 0.05 Brewing grains fresh 14 24 9.27 3.07 7.3 16 0.2 0.12 0.21 Oat 10 88 11.7 4.74 11.5 59.4 0.64 0.1 0.37 Wheat 5 88 6.45 0.98 1,27 36.1 0.4 0.03 0.2 Barley 5 88 5.46 0.92 2.41 35.6 0.37 0.05 0.18 SEŠ 3 89 13.8 0.47 2.41 35.6 0.37 0.05 0.18 MVD MICROS LZ 3 92 - - - - - 6.75 2.55 TMR 100 ALIGN! 45-55 69.6 18.4 86.7 303 3.22 8.49 4.51

-3EN 22864 Ul

Example 3. Higher SEA variant, carrots and green fodder

Feed Dry matter NL Fat Fiber BNLV NEL Ca P % % g / kg feed MJ / kg feed g / kg feed Silage corn 25 30 6.25 2.33 16.45 45.53 0.480 0.30 0.175 Meadow hay 8 86 6.97 1.47 23.7 31.50 0.280 0.54 0.21 Red clover 4 18.50 1.40 0.17 1.70 3.20 0,042 0.10 0.02 Apple pomace 12 5.44 3.74 14.28 51.22 0.409 0.17 0.35 Carrot fodder 13 13.5 12.39 0.38 1.69 11.60 0,126 0.08 0.05 Brewing grains Fresh 10 24 4.6 1.4 3.76 6.99 0,094 0.34 0.57 Oat 10 88 11.7 4.74 11.50 59.40 0.640 0.10 “I 0.37 Wheat 10 88 12.6 1.9 2.7 6.79 0,769 0.06 0.35 SEŠ 5 89 22.3 0.77 3.21 15.13 0.358 0.14 0.33 MVD MICROS LZ 3 92 - - - - - 6.75 2.55 TMR 100 ALIGN! 45-55 83.65 16.90 78.99 231.36 3,198 8.58 4.98

Where: NL - Crude protein

BNLV - nitrogen-free extracts (carbohydrates, starch, alcohol, organic acids)

NEL - net energy of lactation

ŘES - rapeseed extracted Scrap (feed residue of the oil industry - protein feed)

SEŠ - soya extracted meal (feed residue of the oil industry - feed of protein character) io Mixed feed ration is nutrient-balanced in terms of energy, protein, fiber, minerals and other nutrients. It is a safe, nutrient-balanced and fresh food that is not microbially or thermally damaged. Advantages also include the addition of mineral and vitamin supplements in a total amount of 3% labeled MVD stimulating not only palatability and thus a better intake of animal feed, but also overall better dietary effects of feed on the digestive tract of animals. 1 kg of such MVD product contains 225 g Ca, 85 g P, 60 g Na, 30 g Mg, 300 mg Cu, vit. A 300 000 ia, vit. D 43 000 et al., Vit. E 800 mg. However, the admixtures may vary.

Mixed ration is prepared and further preserved according to a new procedure that has not yet been implemented in livestock nutrition. Until recently, the preparation of the mixed ration was carried out just prior to feeding. The new feed preparation process is as follows:

The first step is to fill the mixer with bulky feed such as green fodder, silage maize, fodder grass or hay. The feed ration is constantly mixed during filling. If the loading time is too long, mix intermittently to avoid mixing. Nuclear feed, loose feed, ie without texture, or feed materials added in small quantities are not added either at the beginning or at the end of the filling, but preferably in the middle of the mixing period, to homogenize the mixing.

After all the prescribed ingredients have been dosed, the mixture is usually mixed for 8 to 10 minutes, usually during transport. The total mixing time should not be longer than 20 minutes, since

A too long mixing time is undesirable due to the mixing of the entire feed ration and loss of structure.

Prior to mixing, a water-soluble bacterial inoculant is added to stimulate the fermentation process.

The mixed feed ration should be quickly transported to suitable storage areas as undesired heating and microbial degradation will occur as a result of a prolonged delay. The mixed ration is fed under anaerobic conditions, for example to pre-treated feeders lined with an impermeable foil, or to large-capacity drums or silage troughs. For this purpose, the mixed ration must be thoroughly compacted in layers of 20 to 30 cm.

Once the entire silage space has been filled, it must be thoroughly anaerobically covered, eg with polyethylene foil. Air access to the landfill site must be prevented. It is recommended that the film be thoroughly loaded. For specially prepared feeders, this is done, for example, by stones or by silage trough tires. The aim of conservation under anaerobic conditions is to prepare a stabilized, flavorful and nutrient-balanced fermented feed. Feeding with fungi can cause chronic poisoning, resulting in decreased feed intake, reduced yield, reproductive problems, reduced body weight, reduced immunity or indigestion. In extreme cases, high concentrations of mycotoxins can lead to acute intoxications, ie impaired liver metabolism, kidney and digestive tract.

The prepared feed is presented to the game directly from polyethylene bags or silage troughs, ie always fresh, which makes it suitable for game keeping. In hunting grounds, the use of specially adapted feeders is suitable for storage and feeding, where the feeding ration can be assigned by gradual removal of individual plates of the feed wall and thus prevent aerobic degradation and unnecessary loss of feed. Another advantage is the absence of risk to the environment, because the production and storage of silage liquids cannot occur due to the higher dry matter content.

Failure to do so may have a significant effect on the quality of the entire mixed ration. The use of an unsuitable additive, a long delay in filling the warehouse, or insufficient suffocation always causes a deterioration of the fermentation process and a deterioration of the resulting feed ration quality. Large dry matter losses, around 50%, may also occur due to improper storage, especially in the case of sugars and proteins. Due to insufficient suffocation, non-expulsion of air from the feed, or inappropriate sampling, the ensiled feed is overheated, the digestibility of organic nutrients, especially proteins, is significantly reduced, and residual sugars are degraded accompanied by undesirable microbial changes. Poor fermentation and improper storage lead to the development of molds and the risk of their toxins - mycotoxins.

The proposed method of feed ration allows not only to use available and inexpensive bulky feeds, both green and dry, but also grains, legumes, economically interesting and nutritionally important feed residues of the food industry.

By using elements of the biotechnological preservation method to control and streamline the fermentation process by applying a bacterial silage additive to stimulate the fermentation process of the entire mixed feed ration, it not only improves the resulting quality of the mixed feed, but also reduces dry matter losses, improved hygiene quality and aerobic stability.

Advantages of the newly proposed method of preparation of feed rations and its composition are based on the need of this category of game. It is both the stabilization of wild game digestion and thus the improvement of animal health and condition as well as the possibility of self-service nutrient-balanced feed intake by game. Due to the stabilization of the feed ration, its resulting quality and hygienic quality are significantly improved. Thanks to the optimum dry matter content between 50 and 55%, stabilization of the feed ration is also improved, especially in the early and spring periods, when otherwise there are big problems with hygienic quality even in economically stored feed.

Claims (3)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 1. Mixed feedingstuff for hoofed game containing ingredients such as silage maize, meadow hay, clover hay, red clover, apple pomace, fodder carrot, fresh brewed grains, oats, wheat, barley, rapeseed meal or soybean meal, namely in any 5. The composition of claim 5, wherein the mixed feed is in the form of a compact, hermetically sealed unit ready for storage, wherein the feed comprises an addition of inoculant in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight of the mixed feed. Mixed ration according to claim 1, characterized in that an additive comprising lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus penio tosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus buchneri is used as an inoculent in an amount of 0.001% by weight of the mixed ration. Mixed ration according to claim 1, characterized in that an additive comprising lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus is used in an amount of 0.05% by weight of the mixed ration.