CZ22842U1 - Combined preparations for establishment of sprout plantations of quick growing tree species on soils contaminated with risk elements - Google Patents

Description

Combined preparations for establishing young plantations of fast-growing tree species on soils contaminated with risk elements

Technical field

The technical solution concerns combined preparations suitable for soil application in the establishment of plantations of fast-growing tree species (SRC; selected clones or varieties of willow and poplar) for the production of energy biomass on soils contaminated by risk elements, namely mixtures of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) ) and zinc (Zn).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, SRC plantations in the Czech Republic are not based on soils contaminated with risk as well as on commercial scale due to lack of experience, expected under-yield, concerns of high tree mortality after planting, absence of specific subsidy support and other reasons. SRC plantations are planted on uncontaminated farmland, where there is no problem with tree stress tolerance or nutrient availability.

Generally, microorganism preparations or combinations thereof with organic fertilizers are used for growing plants. One known solution is EP 0223662, which describes a process for the preparation of a powder which contains microorganisms, for example Trichoderma harzianum, Cellvibrio vulgaris, Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp. These microorganisms cause degradation of post-harvest plant residues in soil and soil. The powder contains a mixture of microorganisms with kaolin. Kaolin acts as a filler and carrier for microorganisms.

Another known solution is an industrial fertilizer providing at the same time nutrition and protection of plants containing at least one nutrient for plants based on inorganic substances and a plant protection product according to CZ patent specification CZ 292347, which is characterized in that the fertilizer contains at least one nutrient for plants selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium in the form of substances selected from the group of inorganic substances consisting of ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, primary ammonium phosphate, secondary ammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride or primary calcium phosphate and is a preparation consisting of an inert carrier containing conidia of at least one species of filamentous fungi from the group consisting of the genera Trichoderma, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium or Verticillium in an amount of 30 0.5 to 1.5. 10 to ¹⁰ conidia per g of composition, wherein the fertilizer comprises 0.1 to 200 g of composition per kg of fertilizer, preferably 1 to 20 g of composition / kg of fertilizer. The production method comprises spraying mineral fertilizer granules containing at least one of the above nutrients with oil-diluted amines, preferably octadecylamine, or alkylarylsulfonates, and then coating them with a powder in which the plant protection product is mixed.

The powder is selected from the group consisting of kaolin or talc or finely ground limestone.

There are also individual agents based on mycorrhizal fungi, whether registered in the Czech Republic (Symbivit, Ectovit) or in other countries. Apart from TurfComp for lawn foundation and care (utility model CZ 19943), these products are not patented in the Czech Republic or any other country.

The aforementioned technical solutions describe the composition and production of preparations containing microorganisms acting only as protection of agricultural plants against pathogenic fungi or as supportive means for improving plant nutrition and not as protection against environmental stresses and are therefore not suitable for contaminated environment.

In the field of SRC clones / varieties suitable for soils contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn, the selection of those that would be able to tolerate higher load of risk elements and provide satisfactory biomass yield has not been made in the Czech Republic. Also the overall technology of SRC cultivation in the form of young plantations on areas contaminated with risk elements in the Czech Republic has not been published yet. The component of the modified combined preparation in the form of CaO as a sorbent serving primarily to reduce the availability and toxicity of risk elements was already

- 1 CZ 22842 Ul published and used in the past (mentioned, for example, in the publication by Puschenreiter M., Horák O.,

Friesl W., Hartl W. Low-cost agricultural measures to reduce heavy metal transfer to the food chain - a review. Plant and Soil Environment 51: 1-11 (2005), or in the publication by Száková

J., TlustoŠ P., Pavlíková D., Hanč A., Batysta M. Effect of Addition of Ameliorative Materials on Distribution of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in Extractable Soil Fractions. Chemical Papers 61: 276-281 (2007)), but not in connection with the establishment of SRC plantations and not in combination with other components of the present compositions.

The essence of the technical solution

The above-mentioned deficiencies are eliminated by the technical solution, which is based on a combined preparation also based on a component consisting of mycorrhizal fungi applied locally to individual planted plants and organic fertilizing components applied across the board for establishing young plantations of fast growing trees (SRC) on soils contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn . The combination product is characterized in that the mycorrhizal fungus component contains a mixture of four ectomycorrhizal fungi, namely Hebeloma fastibile isolate 1, Tricholoma scalpturatum isolate 1,

Paxillus involutus isolate Maj, Cadophora finlandica isolate 5 mixed in a 3: 3: 1: 1 ratio and a mixture of three endomycorrhizal fungi, namely Glomus intraradices isolate PH5 and isolate BEG140, Glomus claroideum isolate BEG96 mixed 1: 1: 1, both resulting mixtures of mycorrhizal fungi, i.e. a mixture of ectomycorrhizal fungi and endomycorrhizal fungi, are mixed in a 1: 1 ratio. The organic fertilizer component contains stabilized sewage sludge.

On soils heavily contaminated simultaneously with Cd, Pb and Zn, with very heavily contaminated soils here means soils where the accessible concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn determined in the extract of 0,01 M CaCf in the ratio 1/10 of soil / leach reach or exceed 6 mg / kg Cd, 100 mg / kg Pb and 80 mg / kg Zn is based on a modified combined preparation based on a component consisting of mycorrhizal fungi applied in planting to individual plants, as well as organic fertilizers and sorbitol components applied across the board. The modified combination product is characterized in that the sorbent component contains CaO, the organic fertilizer component contains compost and the mixed mycorrhizal component comprises a mixture of four ectomycorrhizal fungi namely Hebeloma fastibile isolate 1, Tricholoma scalpturatum isolate 1, Paxillus involutus isolate Maj, Cadophora finlandica in a ratio of 3: 3: 1: 1 and a mixture of three endomycor30 fungal fungi, namely Glomus intraradices isolate PH5 and isolate BEG140, Glomus claroideum isolate BEG96 mixed 1: 1: 1, wherein the mixture of ectomycorrhizal fungi and endomycorrhizal fungi is mixed 1 : 1.

Using both preparations properly and with suitable clones or varieties of fast-growing tree species ensures both the planted tree species tolerance to current contamination of Cd, Pb and Zn, and secondly the increase of biomass yield per hectare of plantation depending on specific soil-climatic conditions of the habitat. When using the combined product (not applicable to the modified combined product), increased extraction of Cd, Pb and Zn from contaminated soil can also be expected. Higher extraction results from higher biomass production, not higher Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in woody biomass; these are reduced in some clones. Therefore, the use of the formulation results in an overall more efficient removal of contaminating Cd and Zn from the soil. Pb is extracted to a limited extent due to low mobility.

The action of the individual components of the formulation is characterized below. Mycorrhizal fungi create symbiosis with the roots of the host plant; a mutually beneficial relationship between plant and fungus, which is commonly found in soils of undisturbed natural ecosystems and is typical of more than 90% of all plant species. The mycelium (mycelium) of symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi is able to gradually occupy the growing root system of the plant and significantly contribute to improving nutrient uptake (especially phosphorus and nitrogen), stimulating growth and overall health throughout the plant's life. By creating a network of external extracorporeal mycelium in the soil, the active root absorption surface is multiplied. Furthermore, it allows to protect the plant root system against fungal pathogens and at the same time increase the plant's resistance to certain environmental factors such as lack of moisture or transplant shock, and may increase RRD tolerance to risk elements. One advantage of the application of mycorrhizal fungi is that the fungal mycelium contained in the formulation of the present invention has no toxic or pathogenic implications. These are naturally occurring organisms in the soil.

The stabilized sewage sludge or compost in these batches provides a slow release of the nutrients needed for plantation growth over a single sweep, ie approximately 3 to 5 years, while contributing, due to the high organic carbon content and associated sorption capacity, to limiting the mobility and accessibility for plants.

The sorbent in the form of CaO leads to reduced toxicity of the present risk elements and supports the growth of SRC. The supposed mechanism is a decrease in plant-friendly concentrations of risk elements due to increased pH, sorption and precipitation of these elements in the soil, and increased mineralization of organic matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Giant. 1 shows a comparison of the dried above-ground wood biomass production of the four RRD clones / varieties tested (Tordis, S-218, J-105 and Wolterson) for control (K) and combination (MH) after three growing seasons.

Fig. 2 shows the effect of the combined preparation (MH) on the total content of selected risk elements (Cd, Pb and Zn) in the dried above-ground wood biomass of two tested RRD clones namely

S-218 and J-105 compared to control variant (K) after three growing seasons.

Giant. 3 shows the production of above-ground wood biomass (DW, dry weight) of the two RRD clones tested, S-218 and J-105 for control variant (K) and modified combination variant (IL) after the first vegetation season.

Examples of technical solution

Example 1

On the area contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn in the Příbram region (cadastral area Podlesí nad Litavkou), a SRC was established in 2008. Within the framework of this study, a combined preparation based on the mycorrhizal fungus component and the organic fertilizer component was tested, characterized in that the mycorrhizal fungus component contained a mixture of four ectomycorrhizal fungi namely Hebeloma fastibile isolate 1, Tricholoma scalpturatum isolate 1, Paxillus involuthora isolate, finlandica isolate 5 mixed in a ratio of 3: 3: 1: 1 and a mixture of three endomycorrhizal fungi namely Glomus intraradices isolate PH5 and isolate BEG140, Glomus claroideum isolate BEG96 mixed in a 1: 1: 1 ratio, both resulting mixtures of mycorrhizal fungi, i. mixture of ectomycorrhizal fungi and endomycorrhizal fungi were mixed 1: 1. The following SRC clones or varieties were used for planting: Tordis, which is a hybrid variety (Salix schwerinii x 5. viminalis) χ 5. viminalis; S-218, a 5. χ smithiana hybrid clone; J-105, a hybrid clone of Populus nigra and P. maximowiczii and Wolterson, a variety of P. nigra. The organic fertilizer component contained stabilized sewage sludge having the following parameters: pH 6.5; N, 4%; Ca 1.8%; Mg 4000 mg / kg; K 2500 mg / kg; P 800 mg / kg; CEC 1300 mmol chemical eq / kg and was incorporated into the soil at a rate of 75 t / ha across the board using a rotavator to a depth of 15 to 20 cm before planting. The mycorrhizal component of the preparation was applied when planting RRD cuttings directly into the seed wells. Biomass production was determined after three growing seasons. The comparison of the experimental variants shows that the application of the preparation increased the biomass production by 78 to 232% depending on the used clone or variety of SRC, see Fig. 1. The values of dried biomass in the figure are expressed as means and mean errors (n = 18 to 20). ). The graph shows that the increase in biomass production was due to the application of the preparation for all clones, and that the rate of increase in biomass production depended on individual clones.

-3CZ 22842 Ul

The production of the most profitable clones S-218 and J-105 was also tested for the effect of the combined product on the content of hazardous elements in above-ground biomass. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the total content

Cd, Pb and Zn in wood biomass are significantly higher in the combined preparation (MH) variant than in the control (K) variant. This shift is primarily due to higher biomass production, with clone S-218, Cd and Zn concentrations in the MH group were significantly reduced compared to the K group. The plots are expressed as the ratio of the total content of a given heavy metal measured for group MH to the total content of a given heavy metal measured for group K in shoots. The values shown are means (n = 8). The values of the control group are indicated by a dashed line for clarity.

io Example 2

In the floodplain of the Litavka River heavily contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn (cadastral territory Trhové Dušníky), SRC was planted in 2010 in the form of a young plantation. A modified combined preparation based on a component consisting of mycorrhizal fungi, organic fertilizers and sorbent components was tested. The modified combination product was characterized in that the sorbent component contained CaO at 80 t / ha, the organic fertilizer component contained compost at 30 t / ha, and the mixed mycorrhizal component contained a mixture of four ectomycorrhizal fungi namely Hebeloma fastibile isolate 1, Tricholoma scalpturatum isolate 1 , Paxillus involutus isolate Maj, Cadophora finlandica isolate 5 mixed in a 3: 3: 1: 1 ratio and a mixture of three endomycorrhizal fungi, namely Glomus intraradices isolate PH5 and isolate BEG140, Glomus claroideum isolate BEG96 mixed20 in a 1: 1: 1 ratio, the mixture of ectomycorrhizal fungi and endomycorrhizal fungi was mixed in a 1: 1 ratio. Clones S-218, a hybrid clone of 5. * smithiana, and J-105, a hybrid clone of Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii, were used for planting. The sorbent (CaO) and the organic component (compost) were incorporated into the soil with the aid of a rotavator to a depth of about 15 cm three weeks before SRC planting, while the mycorrhizal component of the preparation was applied directly to planting wells. Biomass production was determined at the end of the first growing season. Comparison of the experimental variants shows that after the given season the application of the preparation increased the biomass production by 6 to 8 ^X depending on the used RRD clone (see Fig. 3). Graph values are expressed as means and mean error of the mean (n = 20). The graphs show a multiple increase in biomass production in the IL group compared to the K group.

Industrial applicability

The proposed technical solution can be used in the establishment of SRC plantations on contaminated soils, where it represents an important supportive means increasing the tolerance of plants to stress caused by risk elements and biomass yield. This makes it possible to use contaminated sites for the production of so-called energy biomass and thus offers an alternative to the cultivation of conventional crops on these soils. At the same time, it has the potential to intensify the phytoextraction of selected risk elements on loaded areas and thus contribute to their decontamination. On heavily loaded areas, where realistic decontamination with SRC plantings cannot be considered, it contributes to the stabilization of risk elements in the soil.

Claims (1)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 40 1. Combined preparation based on the mycorrhizal fungus component applied locally to individual planted plants and organic fertilizer components applied across the board for establishing young plantations of fast-growing trees on soils contaminated simultaneously with Cd, Pb and Zn, characterized in that the mycorrhizal component contains a mixture of four ectomycorrhizal fungi, namely Hebeloma fastibile isolate 1, Tricholoma scalpturatum isolate 1, 45 Paxillus involutus isolate Maj, Cadophora finlandica isolate 5 mixed 3: 3: 1: 1 and A mixture of three endomycorrhizal fungi, namely Glomus intraradices isolate PH5 and BEG140 isolate, Glomus claroideum isolate BEG96 mixed in a ratio of 1: 1: 1, wherein the mixture of ectomycorrhizal fungi and endomycorrhizal fungi is mixed in a 1: 1 ratio, and the organic fertilizer is in the form of stabilized sewage sludge. 5 2. Modified combined product based on mycorrhizal fungi applied locally to individual planted plants, organic fertilizers and sorbitol components applied across the board, for establishing young plantations of fast growing tree species on soils highly contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn characterized in that the sorbent component contains CaO, the organic fertilizer component contains a como post and the mixed mycorrhizal component comprises a mixture of four ectomycorrhizal fungi namely Hebeloma fastibile isolate 1, Tricholoma scalpturatum isolate 1, Paxillus involutus isolate Maj, Cadophora finlandica isolate 5 ratio 3: 3: 1: 1 and a mixture of three endomycorrhizal fungi namely Glomus intraradices isolate PH5 and isolate BEG140, Glomus claroideum isolate BEG96 mixed in the ratio 1: 1: 1, wherein the mixture of ectomycorrhizal fungi and endomycorrhizal fungi is mixed in a 1: 1 ratio.