CZ2012347A3 - Combustor - Google Patents

Abstract

Combustion apparatus, in particular a vertical pellet combustion apparatus comprising a combustion chamber (1), a grate (2) and a reservoir (3), wherein a gasification space (4) is arranged above the grate (2), followed by a gravity shaft (5), wherein, above the gravity shaft (5), a reservoir (3) extending therethrough is provided and a burner nozzle (11) is arranged below the grate (2).

Description

Combustion equipment

Field of technology

The invention relates to a combustion device, in particular a vertical combustion device for burning pellets containing a combustion space, a grate and a reservoir.

Current state of the art

Currently, a number of devices enabling the burning of pellets are known. There are also several design solutions for combustion, in which the flame is directed downwards under the grate.

From the patent application CZPV1993-464, for example, a boiler for two-stage combustion of solid fuels is known, which consists of a gasification chamber with a grate and a combustion chamber. In the lower part of the gasification chamber, there is a collecting channel above the grate, which is connected by an exhaust pipe to the combustion space, located in the lower part of the boiler. There is a gasification space between the upper plate of the combustion chamber and the grate. A secondary air supply is preferably located in the collection channel. The disadvantage of this combustion device is that it is mainly designed for burning large pieces of fuel such as lump wood and coal, while it is not suitable for burning pellets. Another disadvantage is related to this. This combustion device cannot be operated at low outputs.

From patent CZ 302^836, a device is also known for burning pellets, especially wooden ones, which are used to heat apartments, residential buildings or workshop buildings using heat exchangers. This device consists of a combustion chamber, into which a hopper for the gravity feed of pellets is inserted from above with an overlap, against which there is a grate above the ashtray, which has an air intake, while the entrance to the combustion chamber can be closed by a door and the exit from it is directed to the burner. In the door, there is an upper opening for air supply, preventing the pellets from igniting in the hopper, and at least one lower opening to prevent the formation of a vault of half-burnt pellets above the grate. The disadvantage of this combustion device is that it is quite complex and bulky.

From another patent application CZ PV 2006-523, a burner for burning pellets, especially from biomass, is known, which contains a transport device for transporting the pellets to the grate and an ignition device arranged under the grate. The grid is arranged inside the inner . ' » » : f *4 i » « » 9 3 i J»

2:> »·» » * »» < · ♦ ♦ 4 ’ ?· • * * · ·? 4 J ·»· *45 * pipes, projecting the grate towards the bottom of the ashtray and above the grate in the form of a diffuser, while the inner pipe is surrounded by an outer pipe with which it creates an inlet space for the supply of combustion air above the grate. An ignition device in the form of a ceramic ignition element is arranged below the grate, while barriers connected to the grate device are arranged above the grate. A cover plate with diverting nozzles is arranged between the upper end of the inner tube and the inner end of the outer tube. The disadvantage of this combustion device is again that it creates relatively large noise during its function, due to the fact that it contains a dosing device, which is why it is not suitable for placement in living spaces. In addition, it is relatively complicated and therefore expensive. It also requires a connection to the electrical network.

From the above-mentioned state of the art, a number of disadvantages of the current state of the art are evident, the most prominent of which is that there is no known simple combustion device for burning pellets that could be placed directly in living spaces.

The goal of the invention is the construction of a combustion device for burning pellets, which will be simple and therefore cheap and will be easily placed in living spaces.

The essence of the invention

To a large extent, it eliminates the mentioned shortcomings and the objectives of the invention are fulfilled by a combustion device, in particular a vertical combustion device for burning pellets containing a combustion space, a grate and a reservoir, the essence of which, according to the invention, is that a gasification space is arranged above the grate, which is connected by a gravity shaft, while above the gravity shaft is further arranged, into it, a reservoir. The gravity shaft is advantageously used to thermally separate the storage tank and the gasification space below it. A burner nozzle directed into the combustion space is preferably arranged under the grate,

Under·^ the grate- is- gyýhodoir arranged......nozzle directed-into the combustion space. Alternatively, the nozzle can be equipped with a grate in the side wall. combustion device, while- it is directed into the combustion space. In the "beneficial" version, the nozzle is directed directly into the combustion chamber:

Variantly mentioned shortcomings are eliminated to a large extent and the goals of the invention are fulfilled by the combustion device, in particular a vertical combustion device for burning pellets containing a combustion space, a grate and a reservoir, the essence of which, according to the invention, is ♦ > 5 t- a » s j»

1 i * * » a > »j i t 3 J 5 »Λ i * a » > ♦ · * * a «*··? and in that a gasification space is arranged above the grate, which is followed by a gravity shaft, while , above the gravity shaft is further arranged, to. on it, a container with a mouth, and under the grate there is a burner nozzle in the side wall directed into the combustion space. In this variant, the gravity shaft also serves to thermally separate the storage tank and the gasification space, which is below it,

In the preferred embodiment of this variant, the burner nozzle directs into the combustion space.

It is advantageous if the gravity shaft contains a means for closing the supply of pellets, by closing which the operation of the entire combustion device can be stopped after the pellets have burned out.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the gasification space contains at least one primary air supply, while the primary air supply is most advantageously adjustable, which makes it possible to regulate the operation of the entire combustion device.

To improve combustion, it is advantageous if the combustion space contains at least one secondary air supply, which is preferably brought into it together with the combustible gases via a nozzle.

The gasification space preferably contains at least one closable ignition hole. Alternatively, the ignition hole can be identical to the primary air supply.

It is also advantageous if the combustion space contains a transparent front part, with the burner nozzle directed into the combustion space in such a way that interesting visual effects are created. This increases the useful properties of the entire combustion device, which can be an interesting design addition to the interior.

For operational reasons, it is advantageous if a bottom for the collection of ash is arranged under the grate and the container contains a loading lid. For practical reasons, it is advantageous if the container contains a glass window in its front part.

The advantage of the structural arrangement according to the invention is that, due to the constant burning off of the pellets on the grate, the pellets do not burn through into the hopper. The draft of the chimney also ensures a negative pressure in the gravity shaft and cold flammable gases do not get into the reservoir. Termination of heating is done simply by closing the supply of pellets to the gravity shaft. After the pellets on the grate have burned out, the stove will go out.

The combustion device according to the invention is advantageously usable as a local source of thermal energy in apartments and residential buildings. It is especially suitable to

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Other advantages of the combustion device according to the invention include its simplicity, long burning time without the need for fuel, quick and easy ignition with a gas mini-burner. It is also very advantageous that the combustion device is independent of electricity, it does not contain any moving parts such as auger, grate, fan, which cause noise. The incinerator according to the invention can advantageously be a simple domestic energy source of low nominal power, which has minimal requirements for cleaning and ash removal, because by burning the ash as it falls through the flame, it produces a minimal amount of it.

Overview of images on the drawings

The invention will be explained in more detail with the help of the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a detailed cross-sectional view of the design of the combustion device, Fig. 2 shows an axonometric view of the entire combustion device with a partial section, in which the generated flame is directed downwards, Fig. 3 shows an axonometric view on the entire combustion device with a partial section, in which the generated flame is directed horizontally, and Fig. 4 shows an axonometric view of the entire combustion device with a partial section, in which the generated flame is directed upwards.

An example of an embodiment of the invention

Example 1

The vertical combustion device (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) for burning pellets contains a combustion chamber 1, a grate 2 and a reservoir 3. The combustion chamber 1 is located under the grate 2, above which is arranged a gasification chamber 4, which is connected by a gravity shaft 5. Above the gravity shaft 5, there is also arranged a storage tank 3 opening into it. In the gravity shaft 5, two means 6 for closing the supply of pellets are arranged. Two primary air inlets 7 lead to the gasification space 4. A nozzle Ij is arranged under the grate 2. of the burner directed to the combustion chamber 1. Secondary air is supplied to the combustion chamber 1 through one inlet 8 through the nozzle 11 of the burner. The nozzle H of the burner is directed into the combustion chamber 1 in such a way that interesting visual effects are created, while the resulting flame is directed downwards. Gasification chamber 4 »99 contains one closable ignition hole 9. Combustion chamber 1 contains a transparent front part 10. Container 3 contains a transparent front part 14. Combustion chamber 1 contains a bottom 15 for collecting ash. The magazine 3 contains the cover 16.

The vertical combustion device for burning pellets works in such a way that after filling the reservoir 3 with pellets and opening the means 6 for closing the supply of pellets to the gravity shaft 5, a lit gas mini-burner (not shown) is inserted into the ignition hole 9, which is left there until the combustion a flame appears in space 1. By heating the flue gas path, the draft of the chimney increases, thereby increasing the flame. The vertical combustion device for burning pellets can then be regulated by closing and opening the primary air inlets 7 and the secondary air inlets 8.

In the gasification space 4, the water evaporates and the pellets are gasified into combustible gases, which pass through the grate 2 and are subsequently mixed with secondary air at high temperatures in the nozzle 11, resulting in perfect combustion and an effective flame. In the gasification space 4, the charcoal also burns out. Along with the flammable gases, the ash also falls through the grate 2, which remains on the bottom 15 of the combustion chamber 1. The direction of the flame and gravity will thus ensure minimal dust emissions.

Example 2

The vertical combustion device (Fig. 3) for burning pellets contains a combustion space!, a grate 2 and a reservoir 3. Under the grate 2, a burner nozzle H is arranged in the side wall 17, directed directly horizontally into the combustion space 1 so that the resulting flame is directed horizontally.

A gasification space 4 is arranged above the grate 2, which is followed by a gravity shaft 5. Above the gravity shaft 5, a reservoir 3 with a mouth opening into it is also arranged. In the gravity shaft 5, two means (not shown) for closing the supply of pellets are arranged. Two primary air inlets 7 lead to the gasification space 4.

Secondary air is supplied to the combustion chamber 1 through one unillustrated inlet through the nozzle 11 of the burner. The nozzle 11 of the burner is directed into the combustion space 1 in such a way that interesting visual effects are created. The gasification space 4 contains one closable ignition hole (not shown). Combustion , · » · ♦ í » * A

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-9 * * » * 9 · · · ? * ♦ 9 · space 1 contains a transparent front part 10. Container 3 contains a transparent front part 14.

A bottom 15 for collecting ash is arranged under the grate 2. The magazine 3 contains the cover 16.

The vertical combustion device for burning pellets works in such a way that after filling the hopper 3 with pellets and opening the means for closing the supply of pellets to the gravity shaft 5, a lit gas mini-burner (not shown) is inserted into the ignition hole, which is left there until the combustion space 1 a flame appears. By heating the flue gas path, the draft of the chimney increases, thereby increasing the flame. The vertical combustion device for burning pellets can then be regulated by closing and opening the primary air inlets 7 and the secondary air inlets.

In the gasification space 4, the water evaporates and the pellets are gasified into combustible gases, which pass through the grate 2 and then in the nozzle 11 they mix with secondary air at high temperatures, resulting in perfect combustion and an effective flame. In the gasification space 4, the charcoal also burns out. Together with the flammable gases, ash also falls through the grate 2, which remains on the bottom 15. The direction of the flame and gravity will thus ensure minimal dust emissions.

Example 3

The vertical combustion device (Fig. 4) for burning pellets contains a combustion space 1, a grate 2 and a reservoir 3. Under the grate 2, in the side wall 17, a nozzle 11 of the burner directed into the combustion space 1 is arranged so that the resulting flame is directed upwards. A gasification space 4 is arranged above the grate 2, which is followed by a gravity shaft 5. Above the gravity shaft 5, a reservoir 3 with a mouth opening into it is also arranged. In the gravity shaft 5, two means (not shown) for closing the supply of pellets are arranged. Two primary air inlets 7 lead to the gasification space 4.

Secondary air is supplied to the combustion chamber 1 through one unillustrated inlet through the nozzle 11 of the burner. The jets of the burner are directed into the combustion chamber 1 in such a way that interesting visual effects are created: effects. The gasification space 4 contains one closable ignition hole (not shown). Combustion chamber 1 contains a transparent front part 10. Tank 3 contains a transparent front part 14.

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A bottom 15 for collecting ash is arranged under the grate 2. The magazine 3 contains the cover 16.

The vertical combustion device for burning pellets works in such a way that after filling the hopper 3 with pellets and opening the means for closing the supply of pellets to the gravity shaft 5, a lit gas mini-burner (not shown) is inserted into the ignition hole, which is left there until the combustion space 1 a flame appears. By heating the flue gas path, the draft of the chimney increases, thereby increasing the flame. The vertical combustion device for burning pellets can then be regulated by closing and opening the primary air inlets 7 and the secondary air inlets.

In the gasification space 4, the water evaporates and the pellets are gasified into combustible gases, which pass through the grate 2 and are subsequently mixed with secondary air at high temperatures in the nozzle 11, resulting in perfect combustion and an effective flame. In the gasification space 4, the charcoal also burns out. Together with the flammable gases, ash also falls through the grate 2, which remains on the bottom 15. The direction of the flame and gravity will thus ensure minimal dust emissions.

Industrial applicability

The combustion device according to the invention can be used independently for burning different types of fuel, especially for burning different types of pellets, or as part of a combustion device further containing a conventional fireplace stove or a stove with a heat exchanger.

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List of related marks combustion chamber grate reservoir gasification chamber gravity shaft means for closing the pellet supply primary air supply secondary air supply ignition hole front part I burner nozzle air supply control ignition hole cap front part II bottom hatch side wall

Claims (10)

Patent claims 1. A combustion device for burning pellets, in particular a vertical combustion device for burning pellets containing a combustion space (1), a grate (2) and a reservoir (3), characterized by the fact that a gasification space (4) is arranged above the grate (2), which is followed by a gravity shaft (5), while above the gravity shaft (5) there is a container (3) opening into it, and under the grate (2) there is a nozzle (11) of the burner directed into the combustion space (1). 2; Incineration equipment for the underfloor heating system; 1 you ? yy? ř nj í rj _sg tf p ₀₍ jrostem (2):. a nozzle (11) pointing towards the post-combustion space (1) is arranged in the side wall (17); 2- Combustion device for burning pellets, in particular a vertical combustion device for burning pellets containing a combustion space (1), grate (2) and reservoir (3), characterized in that. over. the gasification space (4) is arranged by the grate (2), which is followed by the gravity shaft (5), while above the gravity shaft (5) there is also a storage tank (3) with a mouth opening into it, and under the grate (2) 1¾ Y the side wall (17) has a nozzle (11) of the burner directed into the combustion chamber (1), 3. Combustion device according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzle (11) directs the burners into the combustion space (1) directly. 4. Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gravity shaft (5) contains at least one means (6) for closing the supply of pellets. 5. Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gasification space (4) contains at least one supply (7) of primary air. 6. Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion space (1) contains at least one supply (8) of secondary air. 7. Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gasification space (4) contains at least one closable ignition hole (9). 8. Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion space (1) contains a transparent part (10). 9. Combustion chamber, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nozzle (11) is directed into the combustion space (1) in such a way that interesting visual effects are created. ------ you Q ý * ... . » · ' ¹ * * · '' 9. Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bottom (15) for collecting ash is arranged under the grate (2). 10. Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reservoir (3) contains a lid (16).