CZ20033166A3 - Stable liquid pesticidal compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, there are described aqueous pesticidal concentrate microemulsions, which are storage stable after exposure to temperatures ranging from 60 degC to -20 degC.

Description

Stable liquid pesticidal compositions

Technical field

The present invention relates to stable pesticidal emulsions and other liquid concentrates of water-soluble pesticides such as N-phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate). The herbicidal compositions of the present invention comprise glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof, such as potassium glyphosate and a surfactant system comprising a cationic surfactant and optionally a nonionic surfactant. The invention also provides optically transparent, highly concentrated glyphosate compositions comprising cationic and nonionic surfactants having a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point of no greater than about -20 ° C.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Glyphosate is well known in the art as an effective post-emergence, foliar-applicable herbicide. In its acid form, glyphosate has the structure represented by the formula I:

and is relatively insoluble in water (1.16% by weight at 25 ° C). For this reason, it is typically formulated as a water-soluble salt.

Monobasic, dibasic and tribasic glyphosate salts can be prepared. However, it is generally preferred to formulate glyphosate and apply glyphosate to the plants in the form of a monobasic salt. The most widely used glyphosate salt is the monoisopropylammonium salt, often abbreviated as the IPA salt. Commercial Monsanto Company herbicides having IPA glyphosate salt as active ingredient include Roundup®, Roundup® Ultra, Roundup® UltraMax,

Roundup®Xtra and Rodeo®. All of these herbicides are aqueous solution concentration (SL) formulations and are usually diluted by the user directly on the plant leaf prior to use. Another glyphosate salt that can be formulated commercially as an SL formulation includes the monotrimethylsulfonium salt, often abbreviated as the TMS salt, used, for example, in Syngeta's Touchdown® herbicides. Different salts of glyphosate, methods of salt preparation · · ··· · · · · ··· · · ···· · · · Glyphosate, the formulation of glyphosate or its salts and methods of using glyphosate or its salts for controlling and controlling weeds and other plants are described in US No. 4,507,250 to Bakel, U.S. Pat. U.S. Patent No. 4,481,026 to Prisbylla, U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,531 to Franz, U.S. Pat. No. 4,315,765, Large, U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,513, Prill, U.S. Pat. No. 3,977,860 to Franz, U.S. Pat. U.S. Patent No. 5,632,516;

No. 853,530 to Franz and U.S. Pat. No. 3,799,758 to Franz. The above patents are incorporated herein by reference.

Water-soluble salts of glyphosate known in the literature but not known for commercial use include the potassium salt having the structure represented by the general formula 2:

HO (2) in ionic form, especially present in aqueous solution at a pH of about 4. This salt has been described, for example, by Franz in U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,531 referred to above as one of the "alkali metal" salts of glyphosate useful as herbicides, potassium being specifically referred to as one of the alkali metals, along with lithium, sodium, cesium and rubidium. Example C involves the preparation of a monopotassium salt by reacting a specific amount of glyphosate acid and potassium carbonate in an aqueous medium.

Very few herbicides are commercially available as potassium salts. The Pesticide Manual, 11th Edition, 1997, discloses as potassium salts the auxin type 2,4DB ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butanoic acid) herbicides, dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), dichlorprop (2- (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid), MCPA ((4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid) and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), where active a component of certain herbicidal products is supplied by DowElanco under the trade name Tordon.

The water solubility of the glyphosate potassium salt is disclosed in patent application Ser. No. 09 / 444,766, filed Nov. 22, 1999, incorporated herein by reference. As disclosed in this application, the glyphosate potassium salt has a solubility in clear water at 20 ° C of about 54% by weight, i.e., about 44% acid equivalent of glyphosate acid (a.e.) by weight. This is very similar to the solubility of the IPA salt. The concentration expressed as weight% is herein based on the part, by weight, of the salt or acid equivalent per 100 parts, by weight, of the solution. Thus, a simple aqueous solution concentrate of glyphosate potassium salt can be readily provided at a concentration of, for example, 44% a.e. by weight, which is comparable to a commercially available concentrate obtainable with glyphosate IPA salts such as an aqueous solution concentrate available from Monsanto Company under the name DPak . Somewhat higher concentrations can be obtained by a slight excess of neutralizing agent, for example 5-10%, of an aqueous solution of glyphosate potassium salt with potassium hydroxide.

The major advantage of the IPA salt over many other glyphosate salts lies in its compatibility in aqueous solution concentration formulations with a wide range of surfactants. The term "surfactant" as used herein encompasses a wide range of adjuvants that can be added to a herbicidal glyphosate composition to enhance its herbicidal activity as compared to the effectiveness of the glyphosate salt in the absence of such adjuvant, stability, formability or other useful solution properties, regardless of whether such an adjuvant meets the more traditional definition of "surfactant".

Glyphosate salts generally require the presence of a suitable surfactant for best herbicidal activity. The surfactant may be provided in the form of a concentrate formulation, or may be added by the end user to dilute the spray composition. The choice of surfactant has an important effect on the herbicidal activity. For example, in an extensive study reported in Weed Science, 1977, vol. 25, pp. 275-287, Wyrill and Bumside found significant differences between the ability of surfactants to increase the herbicidal activity of glyphosate applied as an IPA salt.

On the other hand, some vague generalizations, the relative ability of various surfactants to increase the herbicidal activity of glyphosate is very unpredictable.

Surfactants which tend to most effectively increase the herbicidal activity of glyphosate are generally, but not exclusively, cationic surfactants which form cations in aqueous solution or dispersion at pH levels of about 4-5, characteristic of SL formulations of monohydric glyphosate salts. Examples are tertiary alkylamine surfactants and long chain alkyl ammonium surfactants (typically C12 to C18). A particularly common tertiary alkylamine-based surfactant used in aqueous solution formulation concentration glyphosate IPA salt formulations is a highly hydrophilic polyoxyethylene (15) tallowamine surfactant, i.e. tallowamine having a total of about 15 moles of ethylene oxide in two polymerized ethylene oxide chains bound to an amine group, is shown in formula 3:

! (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H

R-N \

(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n H (3) · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · Where R is a mixture of predominantly 0¼ and C 18 alkyl and alkenyl chains derived from tallow and the total sum of m + n is on average about 15.

For certain applications, it has been found desirable to use a somewhat less hydrophilic surfactant, such as an agent having less than about 10 moles of ethylene oxide, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,668,085 to Forbes et al., for example, polyoxyethylene (2) cocoamine. The patent describes illustrative aqueous compositions comprising such a surfactant together with IPA, ammonium or potassium glyphosate salt. The highest glyphosate concentration in the potassium salt formulations in Table 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,668,085 is in 300 g glyphosate a.e./l with a weight ratio of glyphosate a.e. to surfactant 2: 1.

A class of alkoxylated alkylamines for use in herbicidal spray compositions is described in WO 00/59302. Potassium glyphosate solutions comprising various Jeffamine ™ EP / PO propylamines or propyldiamines are described herein.

A number of different quaternary ammonium surfactants are described as components of aqueous solution concentration formulations of glyphosate IPA salt. Illustrative examples are N-methylpolyoxyethylene (2) cocoammonium chloride, described in European Patent No. 0 274 369, N-methylpolyoxyethylene (2) cocoammonium chloride, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,317,003 and a series of quaternary ammonium compounds having the formula 4:

(R ¹ ) (R ² ) (R ³ ) N ⁺ -CH ₂ CH ₂ O- (CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O) _n HCr wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are each a C 1-3 alkyl group and is an average of 2 to 20 described in US Patent No. 5,464,807.

PCT Publication No. WO 97/16969 describes aqueous solution concentration compositions of glyphosate in the form of IPA methylammonium and diammonium salts, comprising a quaternary ammonium surfactant and an acid salt of a primary, secondary or tertiary alkylamine compound.

Other cationic surfactants which have been indicated to be useful in aqueous solutions of glyphosate salt concentration compositions include those described in PCT Publication No. WO 95/33379. PCT Publication No. 97/32476 further discloses that highly concentrated aqueous solutions of glyphosate salts may be prepared with certain of these same cationic surfactants, with the addition of a defined component that enhances the stability of the compositions. The glyphosate salts used herein are the IPA salt and the mono- and diammonium salts.

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The class of alkyl ether amine, alkyl ether ammonium salt, and alkyl ether amine oxide surfactants disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,750,468 is suitable for preparing aqueous solutions of concentration formulations of various glyphosate salts, the potassium salt being included in the list of said salts. It is stated herein that the advantage of the present compounds when used in an aqueous composition with glyphosate salts is that these surfactants allow the glyphosate concentration in the composition to be increased to very high levels.

Anionic surfactants, except in combination with cationic surfactants as described in U.S. Pat. U.S. Patent No. 5,389,598 and U.S. Patent No. 5,703,015 are generally less interesting in SL formulations of glyphosate IPA salt. U.S. Patent 5,703,015 discloses a surfactant mixture of a dialkoxylated alkymin and an anionic compound to reduce eye irritation. The surfactant composition is described as being suitable for preparing an aqueous solution of concentrate formulations of various glyphosate salts, the potassium salt being included in said salts. The concentrates of Patent 5,703,015 contain from about 5 to about 50%, preferably from about 35% to about 45% glyphosate a.i. and from about 5 to about 25% surfactant. Further, PCT Publication No. WO 00/08927 discloses the use of certain polyalkoxylated phosphate esters in combination with certain polyalkoxylated amidoamines in glyphosate containing formulations. The potassium salt is identified as one of several glyphosate salts which are said to be suitable.

Nonionic surfactants are generally reported to be less compatible with glyphosate than cationic or amphoteric surfactants when used as the sole surfactant component of SL formulations of glyphosate; exceptions include certain alkyl polyglucosides, as described, for example, in Australian Patent No. 627,503. Other nonionic substances that are described as being useful with glyphosate include polyoxyethylene (10-100) C6-22 alkyl ethers as described in PCT Publication No. WO 98/17109. Other nonionic surfactants are usually mixed with cationic surfactants to form a compatible surfactant system for use in liquid herbicidal concentrates. However, cationic / nonionic surfactant systems generally do not provide acceptable low temperature storage stability. Concentrates containing these surfactant systems can crystallize at temperatures below about 0 ° C, limiting their use in cold climatic conditions.

Glyphosate concentrates containing nonionic alkyl ether and cationic amine surfactants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,713. This composition is said to increase the biological activity of glyphosate and provide increased rain stability. Appropriate • · • · · · · · • · · · ··· · · · • · · · ···· · ··· • · · · · · · · · ····· ···· · Glyphosates for use in concentrates include sodium, potassium, ammonium, dimethylammonium, IPA, monoethanolammonium and TMS glyphosate salts. This patent is incorporated herein by reference.

It is likely that the importance of the glyphosate potassium salt as a herbicidally active ingredient is inhibited by the relative difficulty in formulating the salt as a highly concentrated SL product together with preferred surfactant types. For example, the widely used surfactant in glyphosate IPA salt formulations, namely polyoxyethylene (15) tallowamine of formula 3 above, is highly incompatible in aqueous solutions with glyphosate potassium salt. Further, PCT Publication No. WO / 15037 discloses generally low compatibility of alkoxylated alkylamine surfactants with highly concentrated glyphosate concentrates. As stated herein, in order to achieve an effective surfactant level, an alkyl glycoside surfactant is used in combination with an alkoxylated alkylamine surfactant to achieve high concentration concentrates containing a glyphosate potassium salt.

The addition of such alkyl glycosides results in higher viscosity of the formulations (as compared to formulations without alkyl glycosides). Such an increase in viscosity is undesirable in highly concentrated formulations for various reasons. In addition to being more difficult to pour the formulation from the reservoir or to wash out the residues that remain therein, the deleterious effects resulting from the higher viscosity of the formulations are far more significant in pumping the formulations. Increasing volumes of liquid aqueous glyphosate products are shipped to end users in large refill containers, also known as shuttles, which typically have an integral pump or coupling for an external liquid transport pump. Liquid glyphosate products are also transported in large tanks with a capacity of up to about 100,000 liters. The liquid is usually pumped through a connection to the dealer's storage tank, from where it can be further transported to tanks or smaller containers for self-distribution. Since a large number of glyphosate formulations are transported early in the spring, low temperature pumping properties of such formulations are extremely important.

When such alkyl glycosides (e.g., Agrimul ™ APG-2067 and 2-ethylhexylglucoside) are added to the glyphosate concentrate, the concentrate is dark brown colored. The glyphosate concentrate is required to be lighter than an alkyl glycoside-containing concentrate as described in WO 00/15037 having a color value of about 10 to 18 as determined by the Gardner colorimeter. When a dye having Gardner color 18 is added to the glyphosate concentrate, the concentrate remains dark brown. Concentrates having a Gardner color value of 10 are difficult to color in many different fcfcfc fcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfc fcfc fcfc fcfc for example in blue, green, red or yellow, as is often required to distinguish a glyphosate product from other herbicidal products.

It should be desirable to provide a storage-stable, potassium-stable glyphosate concentration composition having an agronomically advantageous surfactant content or which is "fully loaded" with a surfactant. These formulations exhibit a reduced viscosity so that they can be pumped by a standard positive displacement pump at 0 ° C at a rate of at least 7.5 gallons (gallon = 3.785 L) per minute, usually more than 10 gallons per minute and preferably greater than 12.5 gallons per minute. The term "agronomically useful surfactant content" means that it contains one or more surfactants of a type or types and in an amount that is preferably practicable by the user in terms of efficacy compared to another surfactant composition that contains no surfactant active substance. The term "fully filled" means that it has a sufficient concentration of a suitable surfactant to achieve, after usual dilution in water and foliar application, herbicidal effects on one or more weeds without the need to add another surfactant to the diluted composition.

The term "storage stable" in the context of an aqueous glyphosate salt concentration composition further comprising a surfactant means that there is no phase separation after exposure to a temperature of about 50 ° C and preferably no crystal formation of the glyphosate or its salt after exposure to a temperature of about 0 ° C for about 7 days (ie the composition must have a crystallization point of 0 ° C or lower). For aqueous solution concentrates, storage stability at a higher temperature is often indicated by a cloud point at 50 ° C or greater. The cloud point of the composition is typically determined by heating the composition until the solution becomes cloudy, and then cooling the composition while stirring while monitoring the temperature. The temperature at which the solution becomes clear is the cloud point. A cloud point of 50 ° C or greater is normally considered acceptable for most commercial purposes for the SL formulation. Ideally, the cloud point should be 60 ° C or greater and the composition should resist up to -10 ° C, preferably up to -20 ° C for about 7 days without crystal growth, even in the presence of seed crystals of the glyphosate salt.

The surfactant that is required herein to be "compatible" with the glyphosate salt in the specified a.e. surfactant and glyphosate concentrations is a surfactant that provides a storage-stable aqueous concentrate as defined immediately above containing the surfactant and salt at the specified concentrations.

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Users of liquid herbicidal products typically measure the dose by volume rather than by weight, and such products are usually provided with appropriate usage ratios expressed in volume per unit area, for example in liters per hectare (1 / ha) or ounce per acre (oz / acre). Thus, the concentration of herbicidally active ingredient that is important to the user is not weight percent, but weight per unit volume, for example, grams per liter (g / l) or pounds per gallon (1b / gal). In the case of glyphosate salts, the concentration is often expressed as grams of acid equivalent per liter (g a.e./l).

Historically, products containing a glyphosate IPA salt and containing a surfactant such as Roundup® and Roundup® Ultra herbicides from Monsanto Company are mostly formulated at a glyphosate concentration of about 360 g a.e./l. Zeneca's Touchdown® product based on a glyphosate TMS salt containing a surfactant was formulated at a glyphosate concentration of about 330 g a, e./l. Products of lower a.e. concentrations, i.e., more dilute, are also sold in some stores, but have higher unit cost of glyphosate because of higher packaging, shipping and storage costs.

Additional cost savings and user benefits are possible if the "fully filled" aqueous concentration composition or at least one of them having an agronomically useful surfactant content can be provided at a glyphosate concentration of at least about 320 g ae / l, 340 g ae / l or significantly greater than 360 g ae / l, for example at least about 420 g ae / l or more, or at least 440, 450, 460, 470,480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 660 g ae / l or more.

At very high a.e. concentrations of glyphosate such as these usually present a significant problem. This consists in the difficulty of pouring and / or pumping the aqueous concentrate, increasing with increasing viscosity of the concentrate, especially as manifested at low temperatures. It is therefore highly desirable that highly concentrated aqueous glyphosate potassium salts be completely filled with an agronomically useful surfactant such that the formulation is less viscous than the glyphosate potassium salt formulation containing alkyl glycoside surfactants, such as those described in U.S. Pat. PCT Publication No. WO 00/15037.

As will be apparent from the description that follows, the present invention provides these and other advantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Some features of the present invention include providing a liquid concentration pesticidal composition useful in agriculture where the water-soluble herbicide may be a water-soluble herbicide. Formulated with a surfactant system such that it can withstand temperatures as low as about -10 ° C, preferably as low as about -20 ° C for at least 7 days without separation and crystal growth, even in the presence of seed crystals of the herbicide; providing a composition that is stable when stored at a temperature of about 50 ° C for at least 14 days, preferably at a temperature of about 60 ° C or more for at least 28 days; providing a composition that allows higher loading of herbicidal active ingredients and full loading of surfactants; and providing a storage-stable composition having a broad spectrum of weed control that is easy to use.

Briefly, the present invention relates to an aqueous pesticidal concentration microemulsion composition comprising a water-soluble pesticide dissolved in an aqueous medium, a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent and a surfactant. The water-soluble pesticide is found at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume and applied to the leaves of the plant in question. The surfactant component comprises one or more surfactants at a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability of the microemulsion such that the microemulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point of no more than -10 ° C. The concentration composition is optically transparent.

The invention also relates to liquid herbicidal concentration emulsion compositions having a continuous aqueous phase and a discontinuous oil phase. The composition comprises glyphosate, predominantly in the form of potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, npropylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or trimethylsulfonium salts, an oil phase containing a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent and a surfactant. Glyphosate is in solution in the aqueous phase at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water to form an improved application composition and applied to the leaf of the respective plant. The surfactant is in solution or a stable suspension, emulsion or dispersion in the aqueous phase and contains one or more surfactants in a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability of the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point not more than about -10 ° C.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to an aqueous pesticidal concentrated microemulsion composition comprising a water-soluble pesticide dissolved in an aqueous medium, a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent and a surfactant.

The water-soluble pesticide is found at a concentration that is biologically effective when taken

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4444 44 44 444 44 4 The composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaf of the respective plant. The surfactant comprises at least one cationic surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant, and is present in a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability to the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point not higher than about -10 ° C.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to a liquid herbicidal concentrated emulsion composition having a continuous aqueous phase and a discontinuous oil phase. The emulsion comprises a water-soluble herbicide dissolved in an aqueous phase and an oil phase containing a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent and a surfactant. The water-soluble herbicide is found at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaf of the respective plant. The surfactant comprises at least one cationic surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant, and is present in a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability to the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point not higher than about 0 ° C.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to an aqueous herbicidal concentrated emulsion composition comprising a water-soluble herbicide dissolved in an aqueous medium and a surfactant component. The water-soluble herbicide is found at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaf of the respective plant. The surfactant component comprises at least one cationic surfactant; and one or more amines or salts of quaternary ammonium compounds, each containing an alkyl or aryl substituent of from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms in the compound and no more than ten ethylene oxide bonds. The compounds are present in an amount that increases the compatibility of the surfactant in the herbicide. The surfactant is present at a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability to the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point of no higher than about 0 ° C.

Yet another embodiment of the invention relates to an aqueous herbicidal concentrated emulsion composition comprising a water-soluble herbicide dissolved in an aqueous medium and a surfactant component. The water-soluble herbicide is found at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaf of the respective plant. The surfactant component comprises at least one cationic, surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant, and is present in a concentration,

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9999 99 99 999 99 9 which is sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability of the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point no higher than about 0 ° C.

Detailed description

Liquid pesticidal concentrates, particularly those containing potassium glyphosate in combination with surfactants, are known to be difficult to stabilize against phase separation at elevated temperature or by crystallization at low temperatures. It has been found that the compatibility of a cationic surfactant or a mixture of a cationic and a nonionic surfactant with a water-soluble herbicide in a liquid herbicidal concentrate can be significantly improved by adding a certain amine or a quaternary ammonium salt to the concentrate. These compounds are referred to herein as "stabilizers". Concentrates containing such surfactants in combination with a stabilizer also exhibit optical clarity and stability at elevated temperature and provide improved weed control when diluted and applied to the leaf. Amino or quaternary ammonium salt compounds containing alkyl or aryl substituents having from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms and no more than ten ethylene oxide bonds in the compound are effective in enhancing the compatibility of such surfactant, even at concentrations containing at least 400 g glyphosate ae per liter and in a glyphosate surfactant ratio of between about 1: 1 and 20: 1. Compatibility is particularly enhanced for surfactants that are otherwise incompatible with the water-insoluble herbicide. For example, potassium glyphosate concentrates containing 5-15 wt. The cationic surfactants or cationic surfactant mixtures are storage stable when a stabilizer is added.

It has also been found that the low temperature storage stability of liquid herbicidal concentrates containing cationic and nonionic surfactants can be substantially improved by adding to the concentrate a substantially water-immiscible solvent to form an emulsion. Solvent-containing emulsions such as Aromatic 150 or Isopar L often show an improvement of 10 ° C when stored at low temperature, as compared to similarly filled solvent-free herbicidal compositions. The emulsions may be formulated to remain optically clear during storage. Preferably, the concentrate is formulated as a microemulsion that remains optically transparent upon storage for at least about 7, 14 or 28 days.

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It has also been found that when the surfactant component of a liquid herbicidal concentration composition also contains an amine containing alkylene oxide bonds, reducing the degree of alkoxylation improves the stability of the composition when stored at low temperature. For example, an glyphosate composition comprising an alkyletheramine having no more than eight ethylene oxide bonds exhibits a crystallization point of no greater than about -10 ° C, as compared to a similarly filled glyphosate composition comprising an alkyl ether amine having an ethylene oxide bond having a crystallization point of no greater than about 0 ° C.

In one embodiment of the invention, the aqueous herbicidal concentration composition is provided comprising a water-soluble herbicide dissolved in water. The water-soluble herbicide is present at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaf of the respective plant. The composition also comprises a surfactant in solution or a stable suspension, microemulsion or dispersion in water. The surfactant component comprises one or more cationic surfactants or a mixture of one or more cationic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants. The surfactant is present at a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability to the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point of no higher than about 0 ° C.

Preferably, the cationic surfactant comprises a stabilizer of the invention which is one or more amines or salts of quaternary ammonium compounds, each containing an alkyl or aryl substituent in the compound containing from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and no more than ten ethylene oxide bonds. . These compounds increase the compatibility of the surfactant with the herbicide, increase the optical clarity and thermal stability of the composition, and provide improved weed growth control when the composition is diluted in water and applied to the leaf.

In another embodiment of the invention, a substantially water-immiscible solvent is added to the composition to form a microemulsion. If a solvent is present in the concentration composition, the storage stability of the composition is improved by lowering the crystallization point around 10 ° C. Such a composition exhibits a crystallization point that is no greater than about -10 ° C or even, if desired, about -20 ° C.

The liquid herbicidal concentration aqueous and oil emulsions of the present invention comprise a continuous aqueous phase comprising a water-soluble herbicide dissolved therein. The water-soluble herbicide is present at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaf of the respective plant. Oil

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The emulsion phase contains a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent. The emulsion also comprises a surfactant in solution or a stable suspension, emulsion or dispersion in water. The surfactant component comprises one or more surfactants present at a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability to the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C, preferably about 60 ° C, and a crystallization point no greater than about -10 ° C, preferably about -20 ° C. Such low temperature storage stability is desirable in colder climatic conditions to maintain fluidity and pumpability of the homogeneous composition.

In a preferred embodiment, a temperature stable microemulsion is prepared. Microemulsion is an optically transparent composition that remains stable when stored within a given temperature range. Microemulsions are described in an article by K. Holmberg, “When oil and water mix and mingle” (page visited November 18, 2001) <http://www.responseonline.com.tech/emul.htm>. The term "optically transparent" or "clear" is defined as the complete lack of any visible inconsistency when viewed in a mass, container or test tube against a strong light source for the purposes of the present invention.

The microemulsions of the present invention are readily prepared by well known methods and using standard prior art equipment. The beaker or laboratory vessel is adequate for low volume purposes, while large volumes can be handled in standard industrial stirred tanks for liquid storage, including reactors, dissolution vessels and bulky containers. Mixing requirements are not critical and mixing should only be adequate to obtain a homogeneous formulation. Medium mixing speed with magnetic rods or stirrers equipped with standard industrial propellers is preferred. Bulkhead containers are useful in industrial applications, as a means to reduce turbulence and entrainment of air and to minimize the speed of mixing propellers required to achieve the desired homogeneity. Preferred are heated or sheathed containers. High shear and high mixing speed are not preferred if excess air entrapment in the formulation may occur. The components of the composition may be added to a suitable container in any order. Preferably, first the surfactant is added, followed by the stabilizer, water and pesticide. Optionally, non-flowing surfactants may be melted prior to formulation or preferably melted in the apparatus prior to equalizing the components.

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Preferably, the surfactant system comprises a stabilizer of the invention which is one or more amine compounds or quaternary ammonium salts, each compound containing an alkyl or aryl substituent containing from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms and no more than ten C 2 -C 5 alkylene oxide bonds. These compounds increase the compatibility of the surfactant component with the herbicide, increase the optical brightness and stability temperature of the microemulsion, and provide improved weed growth control when the microemulsion is diluted and applied to the leaf.

It is also preferred that the surfactant comprises one or more cationic surfactants or a mixture of one or more cationic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants.

The liquid concentration compositions of the invention preferably comprise a water-soluble herbicide at a concentration of between about 10 and about 60% by weight of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration of between about 0.5 and about 30% by weight of the composition, and a stabilizer and / or solvent component. The concentrations of the stabilizer and solvent components are between 0 and about 30%, respectively 0 and about 15% by weight of the composition.

In one embodiment of the invention, the liquid concentration composition preferably comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof at a concentration between about 25 and about 50% by weight of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration between about 1 and about 30% by weight of the composition and a stabilizer at a concentration between about 0.01 and about 25% by weight of the composition. Even more preferably, the composition comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof at a concentration between about 30 and about 47% by weight of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration between about 2 and about 17% by weight of the composition, and a stabilizer at a concentration between about 0.05 and about 20% by weight. composition. Most preferably, the composition comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof at a concentration between about 32 and about 44% by weight of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration between about 3 and about 15% by weight of the composition and a stabilizer at a concentration between about 0.01 and about 15% by weight of the composition .

In another embodiment of the invention, the liquid concentration composition preferably comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof at a concentration between about 25 and about 50% by weight of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration between about 1 and about 30% by weight of the composition and a solvent component at a concentration between about 0, And about 10% by weight of the composition. Even more preferably, the composition comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof in a concentration of between about 30 and about 47% by weight of the composition, a surfactant

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0000 00 00 000 00 0 a substance in a concentration between about 2 and about 17% by weight of the composition and a solvent component in a concentration between about 0.05 and about 7% by weight of the composition. Most preferably, the composition comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof at a concentration between about 32 and about 44% by weight of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration between about 3 and about 15% by weight of the composition and a solvent component at a concentration between about 0.1 and about 5% by weight. composition.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the liquid concentration composition preferably comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof at a concentration between about 25 and about 50% by weight of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration between about 1 and about 30% by weight of the composition; And about 25% by weight of the composition and a solvent component in a concentration between about 0.01 and about 10% by weight of the composition. Even more preferably, the composition comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof at a concentration between about 30 and about 47% by weight of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration between about 2 and about 17% by weight of the composition, and a stabilizer at a concentration between about 0.05 and about 20% by weight. the composition and the solvent component at a concentration between about 0.05 and about 7% by weight of the composition. Most preferably, the composition comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof at a concentration between about 32 and about 44% by weight of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration between about 3 and about 15% by weight of the composition and a stabilizer at a concentration between about 0.01 and about 15% by weight of the composition and the solvent component at a concentration between about 0.1 and about 5% by weight of the composition.

The compositions of the invention have a viscosity of no greater than about 1000 cPs at 10 ° C, preferably no greater than about 900 cPs at 10 ° C, more preferably no greater than about 800, 700, 600, 500, 400 or 300 cPs at 10 ° C and even more preferably not greater than about 200 cPs at 10 ° C and at a shear rate of 45 / s.

The term "water-soluble" as used herein with respect to a herbicide or a salt or ester thereof means that it has a solubility in deionized water at 20 ° C of not less than about 50 g / l. Preferably, the water-soluble herbicides have a solubility in deionized water at 20 ° C of not less than 200 g / l. Particularly preferred water-soluble herbicides have a herbicidally active acidic or anionic moiety and are most conveniently present in the composition of the invention in the form of one or more water-soluble salts. The aqueous phase of the composition may optionally contain, in addition to the water-soluble herbicide, other salts which contribute to the ionic strength of the aqueous phase.

· 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 ·

• ·

9 »

* 9 9

9 9 9

9 9 9 9999

9 9 9

9

A particularly preferred group of water-soluble herbicides are those which are usually applied postemergence to the leaf of plants. Although the invention is not limited to a particular class of water-soluble herbicides applied to foliar, it has been found to be advantageous, in the case of compounds which rely, at least in part, for their herbicidal activity on systemic movement in plants. Systemic movement in plants may occur through apoplasitic pathways, including xylemic vessels and intercellular spaces and cell walls, symplastic pathways, including phloem elements and other tissues composed of cells linked symplastically by plasmodesmate or by both apoplastic and symplastic pathways. For systemic herbicides applied to the leaf, the most important route is the phloem route, and it is believed that the present invention provides the greatest advantage when the water-soluble herbicide moves phloemically. However, the compositions of the invention may also be useful where the water-soluble herbicide is non-systemic, as in the case of paraquat.

Water-soluble herbicides suitable for use in the compositions of the invention include acifluorfen, acrolein, amitrol, asulam, benazoline, bentazone, bialaphos, bromacil, bromoxynil, chloramben, chloroacetic acid, clopyralid, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dalapone , dicambu, dichlorprop, difenzoquat, diquat, endothall, fenac, fenoxaprop, flamprop, flumiclorac, fluoroglycofen, flupropanate, flomesafen, fosamine, glufosinate, glyphosate, imazameth, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapas, imazapic, imazapic, imazapic, imazapic, , mecoprop, methylarsonic acid, naptalam, nonanoic acid, paraquat, picloram, quinclorac, sulfamic acid, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA, triclopyr and their water-soluble salts.

Floem mobile herbicides that are preferred for use in the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, aminotriazole, asulam, bialaphos, clopyralid, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, imidazolinones such as imazameth, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapic, imazapic, imazapic, imazapic, imazapic, imazapic imazethapyr, phenoxy compounds such as 2,4-D, 2,4DB, dichloroprop, MCPA, MCPB and mecoprop, picloram and triclopyr. A particularly preferred group of water-soluble herbicides are the salts of bialaphos, glufosinate and glyphosate. Another particularly preferred group of water-soluble herbicides is the salts of imidazolinone herbicides.

The compositions of the invention may optionally contain one or more water-soluble herbicides in aqueous phase solution.

A particularly preferred water-soluble herbicide useful in the composition of the present invention is glyphosate, the acid form of which is alternatively known as N (phosphonomethyl) glycine. For example, glyphosate salts useful in the compositions of the invention are described in U.S. Pat. U.S. Patent Nos. 3,799,758 and 4,405,531. Glyphosate salts which may be 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 · 9 9 9 · ··· 9 ···

9 9 9 9 9 99 · ₁₇ · ·· .......... * used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, alkali metal salts, e.g. sodium and potassium salts; ammonium salt; C 1-6 alkylammonium, for example dimethylammonium and isopropylammonium salts; C 1-6 alkanoylammonium salts, for example monoethanolammonium salt; C 1-6 alkylsulfonium salts, for example trimethylsulfonium salt; and mixtures thereof. The N-phosphonomethylglycine molecule has three acid sites having different pKa values; accordingly, mono-, di- and tribasic salts or mixtures thereof or salts of any intermediate level may be used. Particularly preferred glyphosate salts include the potassium salt, isopropylamine salt, ammonium salt, diammonium salt, monoethanolamine salt, and trimethylsulfonium salt. Most preferred is the potassium salt.

The relative amount of potassium glyphosate found in the microemulsion herbicidal composition of the present invention will vary depending on many factors including the surfactant system and stabilizers used, the rheological properties of the composition, and the temperature range to which the composition will be exposed. The potassium glyphosate used in the herbicidal compositions of the invention is preferably at least 320 g ae / l, more preferably at least 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690 or 700 g l.

The stabilizers of the invention generally facilitate the dispersion of the surfactants of the composition in water containing dissolved glyphosate. Stabilizers allow surfactants, in the presence of salts or electrolytes, to be added and subsequently dispersed in water at higher concentrations or lower viscosities than otherwise achieved using only surfactant and water. Suitable stabilizers include primary, secondary or tertiary C ₄ to C ₁₆ alkyl or arylamino compounds or the corresponding quaternary ammonium compounds. Such stabilizers significantly increase the compatibility of certain glyphosate salts (e.g., potassium or isopropylamine) with surfactants that otherwise exhibit low or insignificant compatibility at a given glyphosate content. Suitable alkyl or arylamino compounds may also contain from 0 to about 5 C 2 -C 4 alkylene oxide groups, preferably ethylene oxide groups. Preferred alkylamine compounds include C6-C12 alkylamines having 0 to 2 ethylene oxide groups. Similarly, etheramine compounds having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 0 to 5 ethylene oxide groups as well as the corresponding quaternary ammonium compounds also increase the compatibility of such formulations. In one embodiment, compounds that enhance the compatibility of such surfactants include amines or quaternary ammonium salts having the formula:

4 · 4 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

R ^1, R ^z or -N

AND'

R —— N

R ⁴ or

R ¹

- (R 10 O) _n -R ⁵ -n

R ^J or

R ¹ O —— / r? ⁶ m_q5

R A

R ⁴ (RO) _n -R ⁵ —N ⁺ - ° ⁴ · 4 · 5 (6) (7)

(8) wherein R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or aryl containing from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or - (CH 2 CH ² O) XH, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or (CH 2 CH 2 O) _y H wherein the sum of x and y is not greater than about 5; R ⁴ is hydrogen or methyl; R ⁶ in each n (R ⁶⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A- is an agriculturally acceptable anion. Non-limiting examples include mixed C 5-18 alkylamine (Armeen C), dimethyl cocoamine (Arquad DMCD), coco ammonium chloride (Arquad C), PEG 2 cocoamine (Ethomeen 02) and PEG 5 cocoamine (Ethomeen 05), all manufactured by Akzo Nobel, hexylamine, dimethylhexylamine , octylamine, dimethyloctylamine, dodecyltrimethylamide and C4.8 trialkylamines. The most preferred stabilizer is octylamine.

In highly concentrated formulations, it is preferred to add stabilizers in a surfactant: stabilizer weight ratio between about 1: 2 and about 100: 1, and more preferably between about 1: 1 and about 8: 1. Particularly preferred is a range between about 1.5: 1 and about 6: 1

The substantially water-immiscible organic solvent of the invention is any solvent having a water solubility of less than about 10% w / w. and has a relative density of between about 0.7 and about 1.2. Solvents assist in the formation of the microemulsion and increase the dispersibility of the hydrophobic surfactants or surfactants with the hydrophobic moiety in the aqueous carrier phase. Preferred hydrophobic solvents have a solubility in water of less than about 7% w / w, more preferably less than about 5% w / w. and most preferably less than about 1% w / w. These solvents further have a specific density of between about 0.7 and 1.2, more preferably between about 0.7 and 1.15, and most preferably between about 0.7 and 1.1. Non-limiting examples of preferred hydrophobic solvents include toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, dichlorobenzene, perchlorethylene, petroleum, mineral oil, fuel oil, vegetable oil and kerosene. Preferred hydrophobic solvents include toluene, xylenes, petroleum and oils. Commercially available preferred solvents include Aromatic 150 (from Exxon) and Isopar L (from Exxon). Preferred solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated alkyls, aryl hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof. Examples of commercially available organic solvents include Aromatic 150 (from Exxon) and Isopar L (from Exxon).

The compositions of the present invention may optionally contain one or more water-insoluble herbicides in solution in a solvent or suspension at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaf of the respective plant. Preferred water-insoluble herbicides are selected from the group consisting of acetochlor, aclonifene, alachlor, ametryn, amidosulfuron, anilofos, atrazine, azafenidine;

·

0000 ·· azimsulfuron, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, benzfedisone, benzofenap, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrol, carfamidonone-chlorobutyl, carfentrazone-chlorobutyl, , chlorotoluron, chlornitrofen, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham, chlorosulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamide, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazon, clomeprop, cloransulam-methyl, cyanazine, cyclo, cyclo, cyclo, cyclo, cyclo, cyclo, cyclo, cyclo, , daimuron, desmedipham, desmetryn, dichlobenil, diclofop-methyl, diflufenican, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamide, dinitramine, dinotreb, diphenamide, dithiopyr, diuron, EPTC, esprocarb, etethoxonuron, etalfluronate, etalfluronate , fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenuron, flamprop-methyl, flazasulfuron, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazoate, fluchloralin, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazine, flumeturon, fluorochloridone, flupoxam, flurenol, fiuridone, fluroxypyr-1-methylheptyl, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, graminicides, halosulforone, haloxyfop, hexazinone, isoazofanone, imazosanenone, imazosanenone, imazosanenone, imazosanone, imazosanenone, lenacil, linuron, mefenacet, metamitron, metazachlor, methabenzthiazuron, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metosulam, methoxuron, metribuzin, metsulforon, molinate, monolinuron, nicroononur, naproaniluron, naproaniluron, oxadiargyl, oxadiazone, oxasulfuron, pebulat, pendimethalin, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, phenmedipham, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulforone, prodiamine, profluazole, promethron, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazin, propham, propham, propham, propisochlor, propham, propisochlor ethyl, pyrazogyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazosulforon-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyributicarb, pyridate, pyriminobac-methyl, quinc lorac, quinmerac, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, rimsulforone, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tepraloxydim, thbiazil, terbutin, terbutin, terbetonin, terbetonin, terbetonin, terbeton thiobencarb, thiocarbazil, tralkoxydim, triallat, triasulforone, tribenuron, trietazine, trifluralin, triflusulforone and vemolat.

Preferred cationic and nonionic surfactants effective in the formulation herbicidal compositions and concentrates of the invention, particularly in formulation compositions and concentrates containing potassium, ammonium or diammonium glyphosate are listed below.

Cationic surfactants effective in forming herbicidal formulations include:

·· ····

(a) an aminated alkoxylated alcohol having the general formula:

Z _R 'O-. _(R 2 ₀ ) _x - _R 3 .- /

I \ ₅ i _r5 or: R ⁴

R ^{1 -} (R ²⁰ ) x R ³ -J * -R 14 _and 5

R ⁵ (10) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkyl en; R ³ and R ⁶ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7, C (= NR ¹¹⁾ NR ¹² R ^13, -C ( = O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , - (R ⁶ ) n -C (O) OR ⁷ , -C (= S) NR ¹² R ^13, or together with R ⁵ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁵ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7, -C (= NR ¹¹⁾ NR ¹² R ^13, -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , - (R ⁶ ) n C (O) OR ⁷ , -C (= S) NR ¹² R ^13, or together with R ⁴ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R ¹¹ , R ^{12 and} R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - (R ⁶⁾ n (R ² O) y R ^7, -C (= NR ⁿ⁾ NR ¹² R ^13, -C ( = O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , - (R ⁶ ) n C (O) OR ⁷ or -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ , n is 0 or 1, x and y are independent average numbers from 1 to about 60 and A- is an agriculturally acceptable cation. In this context preferably R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. In one embodiment, R ³ is linear alkylene, preferably ethylene, and R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are as defined above. In another embodiment, R ⁴ is H, alkyl or -R ² OR ⁷ and R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁵ and R ⁷ are as defined above. In yet another embodiment, R ¹ is linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl having from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ² in each x group (R ²⁰ ) is independently C2 -C4 alkylene, R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen or a linear or branched group containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, methyl, or tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl and x is an average number from about 2 to about 30. Even more preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl a group containing from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is an ethylene or 2-hydroxypropylene group, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen or methyl and x is an average number from about 4 to about 20. Most preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is ethylene or 2-hydroxypropylene, R ^{4 and} R ⁵ are methyl and r is an average number from about 4 to about 20. Compounds of formula 2 have preferred groups as described above and R ¹⁴ is preferably hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, more preferably alkyl and most preferably methyl. Preferred alkoxylated amines include PEG 13 or 18 C14.15 etherpropylamines and PEG 7, 10, 15, or 20 C16-Ig etherpropylamines (from Tomah) and PEG 13 or 18 C14.15 etherdimethylpropylamines and PEG 10, 15 or 20 or 25 C16.18 ethedimethylpropylamines (from Tomah).

(b) hydroxylated amides having the general formula:

R ¹ -NII

-R ^d i (11) i. ...

wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl. In this context, R ^{1 and} R ² hydrocarbyl groups are preferably linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or

4 4 4

4

Branched alkynyl, aryl or aralkyl groups. Preferably, the hydroxylated amides have the general formula:

wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and ⁿ is 1 to about 8. In this context preferably R ¹ and R ² hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. Preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and n is from about 4 to about 8; R ¹ and R ² are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms and n is from about 4 to about 8. More preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; or R ¹ and R ² are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms and n is from about 4 to about 8.

(c) diamines having the general formula:

R *

_M -X ^b -NR ³ -NR (13)

AND

Wherein R 5 *, R and R are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹⁾ _n ^{OR! <),} R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about The 18 carbon atoms, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ and R ¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms. 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, and X is -C (O) - or -SO 2 -. In this context, R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ¹⁰ preferably hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene) , aryl (arylene) or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. Most preferably, R, R, R and R are independently hydrogen or methyl and R is ethylene or propylene.

(d) mono- or diammonium salts having the general formula:

(15) wherein R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹ ) _n OR ¹⁰ , R ⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about

999 · © © © © © © © © © ©

40, X is -C (O) - or -SO 2 -, Z is -C (O) -, and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context, preferably R 1 -R ¹⁰ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing about 8 to about M is 0 or 1; and R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene containing from 2 to about 22 carbon atoms. More preferably, R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms m is 0 or 1 and R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene containing from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms. Most preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen or methyl, R ⁶ is a linear or alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1 and R ³ is ethylene or propylene .

(e) poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula:

! R ¹ -NR ³

R ² (16) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁴ OR ⁵ , R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms. Preferably the poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines have the general formula:

(17) ················

; · · · I ··· ·· · or or

wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ³ OR ⁴ , R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is - (R ⁶⁰ ) _y R ⁷ ; R ⁶ in each of the groups y (R ^S O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; y is an average number from 0 to about 30, m and n are independently integers from 0 to 7, the sum of man is not greater than about 7, and p is an integer from 1 to about 8. In this context preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and the R ⁴ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl groups.

9

9 99 i * i · i · i · i

R and R are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to 7, and is an integer from about More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms or -R ³ OR ⁴ , R ² is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ³ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and m are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of man is from about 3 to 7, and p is an integer from about 4 to about 8; R ¹ and R ² are independently linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl groups containing from about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to about 7, and is an integer more preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms or -R ³ OR ⁴ , R ² is hydrogen or methyl, and m are independently integers from 0 to about 1; 4, R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, the sum of man is about 4, and is an integer of about 4. Most preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms or -R ³ OR ⁴ , R ² is methyl, R ³ is ethylene, propylene, hydroxyethylene or 2-hydroxypropylene, R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 4, the sum of m and n is about 4, and is an integer of about 4. Such compounds are available from Aldrich and Clariant.

(f) alkoxylated poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula:

i * ³

R ¹ - (OR ² ) _x - (R ¹ ) y -NR ⁵ (19) wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is in each of x; (R ² O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; x is an average number from 0 to about 30 and y is from 0 to 1. In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear. Or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferred alkoxylated poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines have the general formula:

wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each of x (R ²⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is not greater than about 7, p is an integer from 1 to about 8, x is an average number from 0 to about 30, y is 0 or 1. In this context preferably R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl ( alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each of the groups x (R ² O) independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to about 7, p is an integer from 1 to about 8, x is an average number from 0 to about 30 and y is 0 or 1. More preferably,

R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms; R ² is independently in each of x (R ² O) · 0 · · · 0 • 0 * 0 0 ·

4 ► 000 ♦

Φ 0

0 0

000

0 ♦ · <<3 ethylene or propylene; R is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to about 7, p is an integer from 1 to about 8, x is an average number of from 0 to about 30 and y is 0 or 1. Most preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms; R ² in each of x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl; m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to about 7, p is an integer from 1 to about 8, x is an average number from 0 to about 30, and y is 0 or 1.

(g) a di-poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine having the general formula:

R ⁴ - _N - _R z - _N. - _R 5

R ¹ R ³ (22).

wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, and R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl. In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ^{2 and} R ³ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably, the di-poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine has the formula:

Wherein R and R are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and m and n are independently integers from 1 to about 8. In this connections preferably R ¹ , R ² and R ³ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched φφ φ · φ · φ φ φ φ φ φ •

9 9

9 9

9 9

9999 99

ΦΦ ΦΦ ·

Φ ΦΦΦΦ

Φ «*

Alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably R ^{1 and} R ³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and m and n are independently integers from More preferably, R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, and m and n are independently integers from 4 to about 8; R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to about 16 carbon atoms and m and n are independently integers from about 4 to about 8 Most preferably, R and R are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R ² is ethylene or propylene and amine are independently integers from about 4 to about 8; or R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, and the m and n are independently integers from about 4 to about 8.

(h) quaternary poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine salts having the general formula:

R ³ is R ¹ -N ⁺ —R ⁴ x '

R ² (24) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -X m - (R ⁴ O) y R ⁵ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 up to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, X- is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R ⁴ in each of Y (R ⁴⁰ ) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average number of from 0 to about 30. In this connection, preferably R ¹ , R ^{2 and} R ³ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. Preferably, the quaternary poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine salts have the general formula:

(26) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and m are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is not greater than about 7, p is an integer from 1 to about 8 and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ² and R ³ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. Preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 30 atoms carbon, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to about 7, p is an integer from about 4 to about 8; R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl groups containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and not more than about 7 and p is an integer from about 4 to about 8. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear

0

0 0

0 0 0

00000

0 0 «

··

0 «0 · 0 · 0 0000

000 0 · 0 0 0 0 0 0 ·

Or a branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, man are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to 7, p is an integer from about 4 to about 8; or R ¹ , R ^{2 and} R ³ are independently linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl groups containing from about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to 7 and is an integer from about 4 to about 8. Even more preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or methyl, and m are independently integers from 0 to about 4, the sum of m and n is about 4 and p is an integer of about 4. Most preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² and R ³ are methyl, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 4, the sum of man is about 4 and p is an integer about 4.

(i) triamines having the general formula:

(27) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁸ ) s (R ⁷ O) n R ⁶ ; R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁷ in each n (R ⁷⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁸ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n is an average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1 axay are independently an integer from 1 to about 4. In this context, preferably, R ^1, R ^{The 2} , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ^{5 and} R ⁸ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) ) groups. Preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁷ O) _n R @ ^6, R @ ⁶ is hydrogen, methyl or ·· ·· ···· • * 9 «* ··· ·· · · · · • • * · 99 · 99 · 99 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

ethyl; R ⁷ in each n group (R ⁷⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, n is an average number from 1 to about 10, and n and are independently an integer from 1 to about 4. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² , R ³ , R ^{4 and} R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁷⁰ ) n R ⁶ , R ⁶ is hydrogen or methyl, R ⁷ in each n (R ⁷ O) group is independently ethylene or propylene, n is an average number from 1 to about 5 and x and y are independently an integer from 1 to about 4. Most preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or (R ⁷⁰ ) n R ⁶ , R ⁶ is hydrogen, R ⁷ in each n (R ⁷ O) group is independently ethylene or propylene, n is an average number from 1 to about 5 and x and y are independently an integer from 1 to about 4. blunt triamines include Acros and Clariant Genamin 3119.

(j) diamines having the general formula:

R ¹ -N- (R ⁶ O) _y — R ² -N-R ³

R ⁴ R ⁵ (28) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) X R ⁷ , R ² is hydrocarbyl en or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C (= NR ⁿ⁾ NR ¹² R ¹³ -, C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C ( = NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or linear alkyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50 and y is an average number from 0 In this connection, preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^{4 and} R ⁵ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl groups. alkynylene, aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) groups. Preferably R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ^{5 are} independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or (R ⁶ O) x R ⁷ , R ² is a linear or branched alkyl or a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30 and y is an average number from 0 to about 60.

• ···

9 9

9 9 ·· 999 • 5

99

9 9

9

9 9

9999 · ·

9 • 4 • 444

4 4 • 4 ·

More preferably, R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ^{5 are} independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ , R ² is a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 ethylene or propylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 atoms x is an average number from 1 to about 15 and y is an average number from 0 to about 60. Most preferably, R ¹ and R ^{3 are} independently a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, R ² is a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently ethylene or propylene, R is hydrogen or linear or branched alkyl from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 10 and y is an average number from 0 to about 50.

(k) mono- or di-quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula:

⁺ - (R ⁶ O) _y -R ² —N ⁺ —R ³

R ⁴ R ⁵ (29) or

R ⁸

AND

R ¹ -N- (R ⁶ O) _y -R ² —N ⁺ -R ³

R ⁴ R ⁵ i

! (30) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are independently hydrogen, polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ , R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30 and y is an average number from about 3 to about 60 and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl groups «· 99 · 0 · 9 * 9

0 9 9

0 ·

9 · · · ·

0000 9 ·

0

9 9

0 · 9

0

Φ •

O (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) groups. Preferably R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are independently hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) X R ⁷ , R ^{7 2} is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30 and y is an average number from 1 to about 60. More preferably R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are independently hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) x R ^7, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each group x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or lin a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 10 and y is an average number from 1 to about 60. Most preferably R ¹ and

Λ

R is independently hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are independently hydrogen or methyl, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each group of x (R ^o o) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently ethylene or propylene, ^R7 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, X is an average number from 1 to about 10 and y is an average number from 10 to about 50.

(1) a secondary or tertiary amine having the general formula:

(31) wherein R ¹ and R ² are hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and R ³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 hydrogen atoms. In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ^{2 and} R ³ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. Preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms and R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms and R ² and R ³ are independently

9

hydrogen or methyl or ethyl. In one embodiment of the amine of formula 27, R ¹ is linear or "9 9999"

• 99 "• · a branched alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms and R ² and R ³ are independently linear or branched hydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment, the surfactant has the general formula 31 wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl and R ³ is hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl. In this context, preferably R ¹ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. In one embodiment, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl group containing from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl group containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and R 1 ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl group containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R ² is hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl and R ³ is hydrogen, hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl.

(m) monoalkylated amines having the general formula:

R- _Ni

R '(32) wherein R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl groups containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁵ SR ⁶ , R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkyl en, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group • 4 ···· • 4

4 ·· · 4 · 4 · 4 ·

And containing from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60. In this context, R ¹ , R ⁴ and R ⁶ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. In one embodiment, R ¹ contains from about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and the remaining groups are as defined above. Preferably, R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen , methyl or ethyl and x is an average of from 1 to about 40. More preferably, R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl and x is an average number from 1 to about 30. More preferably, R ¹ is independently a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and R ⁴ is a linear or alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl and x is an average number from about 1 to about 30. Most preferably, R ¹ is independently linear or a branched alkyl group containing from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms and R ⁴ is methyl, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is ethylene, R ³ is hydrogen and x is an average number from about 1 to about 5 or R 3 ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 15 carbon atoms and R ⁴ is methyl, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is ethylene, R ³ is hydrogen and x is an average number from about 5 to about 10 .

(n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula:

(R ² O) _x R ³

R ¹ -N ⁺ - (R ²⁰ ) _y R ³

R ⁴ (33) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x and y are independently average numbers from 1 to about 40 and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion . In this context, preferably R ^{1 and} R ⁴ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or

0000

0 ·

· 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0000 90 00 0 branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. Preferably, R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C ₂ - C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and the sum of xa

More preferably, r! and R 1 is independently a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl and the sum of x and y is an average number from about 2 to about 20. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl, and the sum of x and y is an average of from about 2 to about 20. Most preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl a group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene R ³ is hydrogen or me thyl and the sum of x and y is an average number from about 2 to about 15 or R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² ) ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl and the sum of x and y is an average number from about 5 to about 15. Preferred dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium surfactants include Ethoquad ™ 02 (PEG 2 kokomethylamoniumchlorid from Akzo Nobel), Ethoquad ™ 05 a (PEG 5 tallowammonium chloride from Akzo Nobel), Ethoquad ™ T25 (and PEG 15 tallowmethylammonium chloride from Akzo Nobel), PEG 5 cocomethylammonium chloride, PEG 5 ditallowammonium bromide, PEG 10 ditallowammonium bromide, di-dodecec, diEO (15) ammonium chloride, di-dodecyl di EO ammonium bromide, dialkyl (tallow and stearyl) di EO (19.6) ammonium bromide, polypropylene glycol-40 diethylammonium chloride (Emcol CC-42 from CK Witco), polypropyl en glycol-55 diethylammonium chloride (Emcol CC-55 from CK Witco) and tallowmethyl EO (8) ammonium chloride.

(o) monoalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula:

R ⁵ X '

R ¹ -N ⁺ - (R ²⁰ ) _x R ³

R ⁴ (34) wherein R ¹ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 1 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 60 and X is an agriculturally acceptable anion.

In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ^{4 and} R ⁵ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. Preferably, R ¹ , R ^{4 and} R ⁵ is independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and the sum of x and y is an average of from 1 to about 40. More preferably, R ¹ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each group x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl or ethyl and x is an average number from 1 to about 30. Even more preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to around 30. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl, R ⁴ and R ⁵ is independently a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 5 to about 25. Most preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms and x is an average number from about 5 to about 25 Preferred monoalkoxylated quaternary ammonium surfactants include PEG 7 C 18 dimethylammonium chloride and PEG 22 C 18 dimethylammonium chloride.

(p) Quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula:

R ¹

(35) • · · · · · wherein R ^1, R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and X is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. Preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms and R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Even more preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms and R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Most preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms and R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are methyl. Preferred commercially available quaternary ammonium surfactants include Arquad ™ C-50 (dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride from Akzo Nobel) and Arquad ™ T-50 (tallowtrimethylammonium chloride from Akzo Nobel).

(q) Etheramines having the general formula:

r‘o ·

R ² —n:

R ³

R ⁴ (36) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁵ O) _X R ⁶ , R ⁵ in each x (R ⁵ -O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 50. In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ^{3 and} R ⁴ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl group containing from 8 to about R ² is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl having 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁵ O) X R ⁶ , R ⁵ in each x (R ⁵ O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁶ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and x is an average number from More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group. up to 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁵ O) X R ⁶ , R ⁵ in each x group (R ⁵⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ⁶ is hydrogen or methyl and x is an average number from 1 to about 15. Most preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² is ethylene or propylene, R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen, methyl or - (R ⁵ O) _X R ⁶ , R ⁵ in each group x (R ⁵ O) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ⁶ is hydrogen and x is an average number from about 1 to about 5.

(r) diamines having the general formula:

R ¹ - (X) ² - (R ⁵ ) n -N- (R ⁶⁰ ) _y -R ² -NR ³

R ^{4 with} R (37) where R ^1, R ^3, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁶ O) _x R ^7; R ² and R ⁸ are independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or linear or a branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is -O-, -N (R ⁶ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O -? - OC (O) -, -N (R ⁹ ) C (O) -, C (O) N (R ⁹ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO 2 -, y is 0 or an average number from 1 to about 30, n and n are independently 0 or 1; and R ^{9 is} hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl. In this context preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ^{5 and} R ⁹ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) groups. Preferably R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl or a linear or branched alkenyl group containing

About 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² and R ⁸ are independently linear or branched alkylene groups containing from about 2 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ³ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen or linear or branched an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and n, y and z are 0; or R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group containing from about 8 to about 25 the carbon atoms an, y and z are 0; or R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each y (R ⁶ O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, y is an average number from 1 to about 20 and and are 0; or R ^{1 and} R ³ are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from about 2 to about 25 carbon atoms; and R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or (R ⁶ O) _x R ⁷ , R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) group is independently C2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number of from 1 to about 30 and n and y and z are 0; or R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from about 2 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, X is -C (O) - or -SO 2 -, nay are 0 and z is 1. More preferably, R ¹ and R ^{4 are} independently linear or branched an alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² is independently a linear or branched alkylene group containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ³ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl a group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and n, y and z are 0; or R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms and n, y and z are 0; or R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each group y (R ⁶⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, y is an average of from 1 to about 10 and and are 0; or R ¹ and R ³ are independently linear or branched alkyl having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, and R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ , R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) group is independently ethylene or propylene R ⁷ is hydrogen or methyl, x is an average number from 1 to about 15 and n and y and z are 0; or R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is a linear or branched alkylene group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, X is -C (O) - or -SO 2 -, nay are 0 and z is 1. Preferred diamines include Gemini 14-2-14, Gemini 14-3-14, Gemini 10-2-10, Gemini 10-3-10 , Gemini 10-4-10 and Gemini 16-2-16 (C10, C14 or C16 ethylene, propylene or butylene N-methyldiamines from Monsanto), Ethoduomeens ™ and Jeffamine ™ EDR-148.

(s) amine oxides having the general formula:

O'

R ¹ -N ⁺ -R ³ (38) wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - (R ⁴⁰ ) XR ⁵ or -R ⁶ ( OR ⁴ ) XOR ⁵ ; R ⁴ in each x (R ⁴ O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 atoms carbon, x is an average number from 1 to about 50 and the total number of atoms in R ¹ , R ² and R ³ is at least 8. In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁵ and R ^{6 are} hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene). groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) groups. Preferably, R ¹ and R ² are independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁴⁰ ) _X R ⁵ ; R ³ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ in each x (R ⁴ O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 30. More preferably, R ¹ and R ² are independently hydrogen, linear or branched.

0 0 0 0

0 0

O is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and R ³ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms; or R ¹ and R ² are independently - (R ⁴⁰ ) _X R ⁵ ; R ³ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ⁴ in each x (R ⁴ O) group is independently ethylene or propylene, R ⁵ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 10.

Most preferably, R and R are independently methyl and R is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms; or R ¹ and R ² are independently (R ⁴⁰ ) _X R ⁵ ; R ³ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ⁴ in each x (R ⁴ O) group is ethylene or propylene, R ⁵ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 8 to about 18 carbon atoms carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 5. Commercially available amine oxide surfactants include Chemoxide L70.

(t) alkoxylated amine oxides have the general formula:

R ⁴ ·

R 10 - (R ²⁰ ) _x - _R 3 - _N - _Q ¹⁵ (39) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene of from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1 and x and y are independently an average number of from 1 to about 60 In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁶ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) groups. Preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) is independently C ² -C ² -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is linear or a branched alkylene or alkenylene group containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen or ♦ 9

9 9

999 · 9 · 9

9 9

999 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 30. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, methyl or tris (hydroxymethyl) ) methyl and x is an average number from about 2 to about 30. Even more preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently ethylene or propylene R ³ is an ethylene, propylene or 2-hydroxypropylene group, R ^{4 and} R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen or methyl and x is an average number from about 4 to about 20. Most preferably R ¹ is a linear or r an enlarged alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is an ethylene, propylene or 2-hydroxypropylene group, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are methyl and x is average a number from about 4 to about 20.

(u) dialkoxylated amines having the general formula:

/ (R ² O) _x r ³

(40) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, -R ⁴ SR ^5, or - (R ² O) Z ³ , R ² in each x (R ² O), y group (R ² O) and z (R ² O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene, ^R3 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x and y and z are independently an average number from 1 to about 40. In this context, preferably R ¹ hydrocarbyl groups are hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. More preferably, R ¹ is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O), y (R ² O) and z (R ² O) is independently _C2-C4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and x, y and z are independently an average number from 1 to about 20. Even more preferably, R ¹ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl ··· ·· ·· · · · ·.........

A group containing from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O), y (R ² O) and z (R ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene; R ³ is hydrogen or methyl and x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 30. Even more preferably, R ¹ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each group X (R ² O) y (R ² O) and z (R ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl and x, y and z are independently an average number from 1 to about 5. Preferred commercially available dialkoxylated amines include Trymeen ™ 6617 (from Cognis), TAM 45, 60, 80, and 105 (from Witco) and Ethomeen ™ C / 12, C / 15, C / 20, C / 25, T / 12, T / 15, T / 20 and T / 25 (from Akzo Nobel).

and (v) aminated alkoxylated alcohols having the following chemical structure:

rL

-X- (R ³⁰ ) n - (NR ^e ) _q

-N

^R8 (41) wherein R ^1, R ^7, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ^u) with (R ³ O) v R ^10; X is -O-, -C (O) -, -OC (Q) -, C (O) O-, -N (R ¹² ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹² ) - , -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 - or -N (R ⁹ ) -; R ³ in each n (R ³ O) or (R ³ O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average of from 1 to about 50; R ² and R ¹¹ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms;

R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ¹² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) or -C (O) -; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms. In this context preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ^{11 and} R ¹² hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) groups.

v ·· φφφφ • φ φ • φφφφ

· Φ φ • • • φ φ

In one embodiment, they are incorporated into liquid glyphosate concentrates other than IPA glyphosate, such as glyphosate concentrates containing potassium, diammonium, ammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, methylamine, ethylamine, hexamethylenediamine, dimethylamine or trimethylsulfonium glyphosate, and mixtures thereof, % comprising a stabilizer and at least about 30 wt. % glyphosate a.e., more preferably at least 35%, 40%, 45%, or more by weight of glyphosate; % a.e. or at least 360 g a.e. glyphosate per liter, more preferably at least 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440 or 450 g ae / l or more of any of the amine or quaternary ammonium surfactants as described in sections (a) - (v) .

A subclass of such cationic surfactants described above includes monoalkoxylated amines having the formula:

R ¹ O · (R ² O) _x -R ³

R ⁴

R ⁵ (42) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - (R ⁶ ) n (R ²⁰ ) _y R ⁷ or R ^{4 and} R ⁵ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form linked cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1, x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 60. In this context preferably R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁶ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) groups. Preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) is independently C ² -C ² -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is linear or branched alkylene containing from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to »0000

0

0 00

0

0 0 00 00 • 0 · 0

0 0 • 0 0 ♦ 0 0

More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene group a group containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, methyl or tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl and x is an average number from about 2 to about 30. Even more preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is an ethylene or propylene group, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, methyl or tris (hydroxymethyl) ) methyl and x is an average number from about 4 to about 20. Most preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently ethylene or and propylene, R ³ is ethylene, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are methyl and x is an average number from about 4 to about 20. Preferred monoalkoxylated amines include PEG 13 or 18 C1445 etherpropylamines and PEG 7, 10, 15 or 20 C16.18 etherpropylamines ( from Tomah) and PEG 13 or 18 C14-15 etherdimethylpropylamines and PEG 10, 15 or 20 or 25 C16-18 etherdimethylpropylamines (from Tomah) and Surfonic ™ AGM-550 from Huntsman.

Cationic surfactants based on quaternary ammonium, sulfonium and sulfoxonium salts having a chemical structure are also effective in forming potassium glyphosate concentrates:

R ⁷

-X- (R) _m - (R ³ 0) n _-R 4 _{{^ 6)} - _{N '+.}

AND'

R ⁸ or

R ⁹ (43) A * R ¹⁰ R ⁵ R ⁷

I II; R1-N + - _{(R2 ) m} - _{( R3o ) n} - _r4 - _N U- _r8

R ⁹ (44)

9 ·· 9 • 9999

R '(R ² ) m- (R ³ °) n R ⁴ - (NR ⁶ ) q-NR ⁺ -R ⁸ or _with 10

9 «• ·« · * ···· ···

R ⁷ and R (45) or _{with R} .- + - _(R 2) _m - (R ³ O) _n -R ⁴ - (NR% ^-R8 -N ⁺

R ⁹ (46) wherein R ¹ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ¹³ ) S (R ³ O) ) VR ¹² ; X is -0-, 0C (0) -, -N ^(R14) C (0) -, -C (0) N (R ¹⁴⁾ -, -C (0) 0- or -S-; R ³ in each group n (R ³ 0) or in the (R ³ 0) is independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ¹² is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; in them

Λ <<3 average number from 1 to about 50; R and R are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, q is an integer from 0 to 5; R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and each A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context preferably R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ^{7 The 8} , R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹¹ , R ¹³ and R ¹⁴ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) groups.

Another cationic surfactant active in the formulations of the invention is a diamine or diammonium salt having the general formula:

444

4

4 • 44 • 4 4

4 •

4 ·· • 4 4 4 4 • 4 • 4 • 444

4 ·

• 4

4

R &lt; ¹ & gt ^; - (R &lt; ² &^gt;) m-R-R &lt; ³ &gt;

R ⁶ R ⁵ (47) or

R ⁸ R ⁷

X · | | X '

R ¹ - (R ² O) m N ⁺ -R ³ -N ⁺ - (R ² O) n R ₄ (48)

R ⁶ R ⁵ wherein R ¹ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each group m (R ² O) and ⁿ (R ² O) and R ⁹ are independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, or - (R ² O) _P R ₉ , m and n are each an average number from 0 to about 50, and _p is an average number from 0 to about 6. preferably R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ^{7 and} R ⁸ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene) groups , aryl (arylene) or arylalkyl (arylalkenyl) groups. In one embodiment of Formula 44, R ³ is hydrocarbylene containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and the remaining groups are as defined above.

Some preferred cationic surfactants include alkylamine ethoxylates (including etheramines and diamines) such as tallowaminethoxylate, cocoaminethoxylate, etheraminethoxylate, tallowethylenediaminethoxylate, and aminodiaminethoxylates; alkylamine quaternary amines such as alkoxylated quaternary amines (e.g., ethoxylated quaternary amines or propoxylated quaternary amines); alkylamine acetates, such as tallowamine acetate or octylamine acetate; and amine oxides such as ethoxylated amine oxides (e.g., N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) cocoamine oxide), nonethoxylated amine oxides (e.g., cetyl dimethylamine oxide), and amidoamine oxides.

Preferred cationic surfactants include amines and quaternary amines substituted with alkoxy groups containing between about 2 and 15 ethoxy and / or propoxy units and C 11-18 alkyl groups. Preferably, the C12-18 are dialkoxylated amines and quaternary amines. Even more preferred are diethoxylated tallowamines containing between about 4 and about 15 ethoxylation units and PEG 2 to 20 tallowammonium chlorides optionally containing a methyl group. The most preferred commercially available dialkoxylated amines are: <RTIgt; </RTI> <RTIgt;

► ·· · 1 · z

I · · · · · · ··· ·

Trymeen ™ 6617 (from Cognis), TAM 45, 60, 80 and 105 (from Witco) and Ethomeen ™ C / 12, C / 15, C / 20, C / 25, T / 12, T / 15, T / 20 and T / 25 (by Akzo Nobel). The most preferred dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium surfactants are Ethoquad ™ 02, 05, T25 (from Akzo Nobel) and Emcol CC-42 and CC-55 (from CK Witco). Other suitable cationic surfactants may be determined by one skilled in the art.

The compositions of the invention are stable at a ratio of glyphosate to the cationic surfactant, by weight, from about 1: 2 to about 200: 1. High glyphosate: surfactant ratios are usually limited by considerations of herbicidal activity rather than the stability of the composition, since sufficient surfactant must be present to adequately activate glyphosate. The high surfactant content requires the inclusion of a stabilizer in the preferred cationic surfactant: stabilizer ratio between about 1: 100 and 100: 1.

Nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the formulation of the herbicidal compositions and concentrates of the invention include:

(a) alkoxylated alcohols having the general formula:

r '- (R ² O) _X R ³ (49) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60. In this context, preferred R ¹ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkyl groups. branched alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl groups. Preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl ax is an average number from about 5 to about 50. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently ethylene or propylene, ³ is hydrogen or methyl and x is an average number from about 8 to about 40. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl and x is an average number from about 8 to about 30. Preferred commercially available ethoxylated alcohols include: Emulgin ™ L, Procol ™ LA-15 (from Protameen); Brij ™ 35, Brij ™ 56, Brij ™ 76, Brij ™ 78, Brij ™ 97, Brij ™ 98 and Tergitol ™ XD (from Sigma Chemical Co); Neodol ™ 25-12 and Neodol ™ 45-13 (from Shell); hetoxol ™ CA10, hetoxol ™ CS-20, hetoxol ™ CS-9, hetoxol ™ CS-15, hetoxol ™ CS-20, hetoxol ™ CS-25, hetoxol ™ CS-30, Plurafac ™ A38 and Plurafac ™ LF700 (from BASF) ); ST-8303 (from Cognis); Arosurf ™ 66 E10 and Arosurf ™ 66 E20 (from Witco / Crompton); ethoxylated (9,4 EO) tallow, propoxylated (4,4 EO) tallow and alkoxylated (5-16 EO and 2-5 PO) tallow (from

Witco / Crompton).

(b) dialkoxylated alcohols having the general formula:

'r' (OR ² ) x O-R ³ -O- (R ^z O) y R ¹ (50) wherein R ¹ is independently hydrogen or a linear or branched C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, R ² in each x ( R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms and x and y are independently an average number of from 1 to about 60. In this context, preferred R ³ hydrocarbylene groups are linear or branched alkylene, linear or branched alkenylene, linear or branched alkynylene, arylene or arylalkylene groups. Preferably R ¹ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about More preferably, R ¹ is hydrogen or methyl, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene, R 8 and R 25 are independently an average number of about 1 to about 20. ³ is a linear or branched alkylene or linear or branched alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 10. Even more preferably R ¹ is hydrogen, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is a linear or branched alkylene group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and x and y are independently an average number of from 1 to about 5.

(c) alkoxylated dialkylphenols having the general formula:

• 4 ·· ··.

4 ·

R ¹

(51) wherein R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one of R ^{1 and} R ⁴ is an alkyl group, R ² in each x (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 allylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60. Preferably R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently linear or branched alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently C ₂ -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and x is an average number from about 5 to about 50. More preferably R ¹ and R 2 ⁴ are independently linear or branched alkyl groups containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl and x is an average number from about 8 to about 40. Even more preferably, R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently linear or branched alkyl groups containing from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently ethylene or propylene, R ³ is hydrogen or methyl and x is an average number from about 10 Preferred commercially available alkoxylated dialkylphenols include ethoxylated dinonylphenols such as Surfonic ™ DNP 100, Surfonic ™ DNP 140 and Sufronic ™ DNP 240 (from Huntsman).

Other suitable nonionic surfactants include alkyl polyglucosides; glycerol esters such as glycerol monolaurate and ethoxylated glycerol monococoate; ethoxylated castor oil, ethoxylated sugar esters such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monolaurate; polyhydric alcohol esters such as sorbitan monolaurate and sucrose monostearate; ethoxylated amides such as polyoxyethylene cocoamide; ethoxylated esters such as polyethylene glycol monolaurate 1000 and polyethylene glycol dilaurate 6000; ethoxylated alkyl or arylphenols such as nonylphenol ethoxylate, octylphenol ethoxylates, dodecylphenol ethoxylates, dinonylphenol ethoxylates and tristyrylphenol ethoxylates; alcohol ethoxylates such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates (e.g. oleyl alcohol ethoxylate), tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates and other alcohol ethoxylates such as Neodols and oxoalcohol ethoxylates; and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers such as the Pluronic type, the Tetronic type or the Tergitol XH type.

Other nonionic surfactants to be included in the surfactant compositions that can be used in the invention are polyoxyethylene (5-30) C 1-8 alkyl ethers and polyoxyethylene (5-30) C 1--22 alkylphenyl ethers wherein "(5-30)" means The average number of ethylene oxide units in the polyoxyethylene chains of these surfactants is from about 5 to about 30. Examples of nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene nonylphenols, octanols, decanols and trimethylnonanols. Particularly preferred surfactants are NEODOL ™ 91-6 from Shell (polyoxyethylene (6) C9.11 linear primary alcohol), NEODOL ™ 1-7 from Shell (polyoxyethylene (7) C11 linear primary alcohol), TERGITOL ™ 15-S- 9 from Union Carbide (polyoxyethylene (9) C12-15 secondary alcohol) and SURFONIC ™ NP95 from Huntsman (polyoxyethylene (9.5) nonylphenol).

Preferred nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated alcohols containing from about 5 to about 25 ethoxy and propoxy groups and a C12-18 alkyl group. More preferred are about 10 to about 20 alkoxylated C 1-10 alcohols. Non-exclusive examples include the commercially available products Emulgin-L, Arosurf 66 and Plurafac P700. Other suitable nonionic surfactants can be determined by one skilled in the art.

Other surfactants for use in the herbicidal compositions and concentrates of the invention include compounds of the formula:

or (52)

or (53) • · ·

R ^b

R ⁵ or or or or

R ⁷ ·· ··. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

O- (R ² O) _n R ³

R ¹ ·

R ⁶

····················

0- (R ² O) _n R ³ (55)

(56)

O- (R ² O) _n R ³ (57) • • • 9 9 ·

· 9 ···· or or ····

99 · 9

(59A) a a a a a a 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 Wherein R ¹ , R ⁹ and R ¹² are independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or (R ²⁰ ) PR ¹³ ; R ² in each group m (R ² O) n (R ² O) p (R ² O) and q (R ² O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ³ , R ⁸ , R ¹¹ , R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is - (C ¹ D yOR ¹³⁾ or - (CH 2) y O (R ²⁰ ) q R ³ ; R ⁵ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or R ⁴ ; ¹⁰ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or (CH 2) z O (R ²⁰ ) p R ³ ; m, n, p and q are independently an average number from 1 to about 50; X is independently O-, -N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁴ ) ¹⁵ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹⁵ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO 2 -; t is 0 or 1; A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and a and z are independently an integer In this context, preferably R ¹ , R ⁹ and R ¹² hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl ( arylene) or arylac Preferably R ¹ , R ⁹ and R ¹² are independently linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or (R ²⁰ ) PR ¹³ ; R ² in each group m (R ² O) n (R ² O) p (R ² O) and q (R ² O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R ⁴ is - (CH 2) _y OR ¹³ or - (CH 2) _y O (R ²⁰ ) q R ³ ; R ⁵ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or R ⁴ ; R ⁸ , R ¹¹ and R ¹³ are independently hydrogen or linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms; R ¹⁰ is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ¹⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or - (CH 2) ² O (R ² O) p R ³ ; m, n, p and q are independently an average of from 1 to about 30; X is independently -O-, -N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) -, C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁵ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹⁵ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO 2 -; t is 0 or 1; A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 to about 30. More preferably, R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms or (R ²⁰ ) PR ¹³ ; R ⁹ and R ¹² are independently linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or - (R ²⁰ ) p R ¹³ ; R ² in each group m (R ² O) n (R ² O) p (R ² O) and q (R ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene; R ³ is hydrogen or methyl; R ⁴ is - (CH 2) _y OR ¹³ or - (CH 2) _y O (R ²⁰ ) q R ³ ; R ⁸ , R ¹¹ , R ¹⁵ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms; R ⁵ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl

0 999 0 009 0 0 0 0 0

Or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or R ⁴ ; R ¹⁰ is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ¹³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms; R ¹⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or - (CH 2) ZO (R ² O) PR ³ ; m, n, p and q are independently an average number of from 1 to about 20; X is independently -O-, -N (R ¹⁴ ) -, C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁵ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹⁵ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO ₂ -; t is 0 or 1;

A is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 to about 10.

Most preferably R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 8 to about 18 carbon atoms or (R ²⁰ ) p R ¹³ ; R ⁹ and R ¹² are independently linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or - (R ²⁰ ) p R ¹³ ;

R ² in each group m (R ² O) n (R ² O) p (R ² O) and q (R ² O) is independently ethylene or propylene;

R ³ is hydrogen; R ⁴ is - (CH ₂ ) _y OR ¹³ or - (CH ₂ ) _y O (R ² O) q R ³ ; R ⁸ , R ¹¹ , R ¹⁵ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁵ , R ^{6 and} R ⁷ are independently hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or R ⁴ ; R ¹⁰ is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms;

R ¹³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms; R ¹⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or - (CH ₂ ) _z O (R ² O) p R ³ ; m, n, p and q are independently an average of from 1 to about 5; X is independently -O- or -N (R ¹⁴ ) -; t is 0 or 1; A is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 1 to about 3.

Fluororganic surfactants useful in the present invention are organic molecules represented by the general formula:

RfG (60) wherein Rf is a fluoroaliphatic group and G is a group that contains at least one hydrophilic group, such as cationic or nonionic groups. Rf is a fluorinated, monovalent aliphatic organic group containing at least four carbon atoms. Preferably, the saturated perfluorinated monoaliphatic organic group is. However, hydrogen or chlorine atoms may be present as substituents on the scaffold chain. Although groups containing a large number of carbon atoms can function adequately, compounds containing no more than about 20 carbon atoms are preferred because large groups usually represent less useful fluorine utilization than is possible with shorter chain chains. Preferably, Rf contains about 5 to about 5 carbon atoms. The cationic groups useful in the fluorinated organic surfactants used in the present invention may contain an amine or a quaternary amine cationic group. Such amine and quaternary ammonium cationic hydrophilic groups can have a formula such as NH _2, NHR ^2, -N (R2) ^2, - (NH3) X, - (NH 2 R ²⁾ X, - (NH ^(R2) 2X), or - (N (R ² ) 3X, wherein an anionic counterion such as a halide, hydroxide, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, acetate or carboxylate and each R ² is independently a C 18 alkyl group. Preferably X is a halide, hydroxide or bisulfite. according to the invention contain hydrophilic groups which are quaternary ammonium cationic groups Nonionic groups which are useful in the fluororganic surfactants of the invention include groups that are hydrophilic but which are not ionized under pH conditions of normal agronomic use. CH ₂ CH ₂ ) X H, wherein x is greater than 0, preferably 1-30, -SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHCH ₂ CH ₂ OH, SO ₂ N (CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) ₂ , -CONH ₂ , -CONHCH ₂ OH, or CH ₂ -ON (CH ₂ CH _{2) second} sOME organofluorine solvents suitable for use herein are available from 3M under the Fluorad trademark. They include the nonionic reagents Fluorad FC-170, Fluorad FC-171 and Flurad FC-430.

Other cationic surfactants for use in the herbicidal compositions of the invention are those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,703,015, 5,750,468, 5,389,598, 5,563,111, 5,622,911, 5,849,663, 5,863,909 , 5,985,794, 6,030,923, and 6,093,679, which are incorporated herein by reference. The cationic fluororganic surfactants useful in the present invention include Fluorad FC-750 and other surfactants as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,764,602, 2,764,603, 3,147,064 and 4,069,158.

Alkyl polyglycosides are also suitable for use in the invention and are described, for example, in US Patent No. 6,117,820. The term "alkyl glycoside" as used herein includes mono- and polyalkyl glycosides. Glycosides are represented by the formula:

(61) · · · · · · · ·

• ·

wherein n is the degree of polymerization or the number of glycose groups and R is a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing preferably 4 to 18 carbon atoms or a mixture of alkyl groups having average values in said range. The number of glycose groups per alkyl group may vary and mono- or di- or polyglucose or carbohydrate derivatives are possible. Commercial alkyl polyglycosides usually contain a mixture of derivatives with n expressed as average. Preferably n is between 1 and about 5, more preferably between 1 and about 3.

A typical alkylglycoside is a product commercially available under the trade names AL2042 (Imperial Chemical Industries PLC) where n is an average of 1.7 and R is a mixture of octyl (45%) and decyl (55%), the product being commercially available under the trade name AGRIMUL PG2069 ( Henkel (cprp), wherein n is an average of 1.6 and R is a mixture of nonyl (20%), decyl (40%) and undecyl (40%) and the product is commercially available under the trade name BEROL AG6202 (Akzo Nobel), which is 2-ethyl-1-hexylglycoside.

In one embodiment of the invention, the herbicidal compositions comprise at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant, such as those described herein. Such surfactant combinations are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,245,713 and 5,998,332, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Preferably, the weight ratio of cationic: nonionic surfactant is between about 20: 1 and about 1: 1, more preferably between about 10: 1 and about 1: 1. In formulations with a high glyphosate content, stable microemulsions can be achieved with a glyphosate a.e.: total surfactant content, on a weight basis, of from about 1: 3 to about 100: 1. As in the case where only cationic surfactants are used, high ratios of glyphosate to surfactant are generally limited by the considered herbicidal efficacy rather than the stability of the composition, since sufficient surfactant must be present to achieve an adequate glyphosate herbicidal effect. A high surfactant content generally requires the inclusion of a stabilizer at a preferred weight ratio total surfactant: stabilizer between about 1:50 and about 50: 1.

The surfactant component of the invention includes any combination of surfactants and stabilizers as described above. The surfactant composition is particularly preferred for use in formulation compositions or concentrates containing potasium, diammonium, ammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, methylamine, ethylamine, hexamethylenediamine, dimethylamine and / or trimethylsulfonium glyphosate. The surfactant composition may be incorporated into the composition or concentrate in any combination of these glyphosate salts.

• · · · · ·

♦ • · ··

The density of any glyphosate-containing formulation of the invention is preferably at least 1.3 g / liter, more preferably at least 1.305, 1.310, 1.315, 1.320, 1.325, 1.330, 1.355, 1.340, 1.355,

1.415, 1.420, 1.425, 1.430, 1.435, 1.440, 1.445 or 1.450 g / liter.

The surfactant component of the composition of the present invention may optionally contain a glycol or glycol ether of the formula:

HO- (R ⁴ O) x R ⁵ wherein R ⁴ in each x (R ⁴ O) group is independently a linear or branched C 2-6 alkylene group, x is 1 to about 4 and R ⁵ is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 hydrocarbyl group. Intended glycols and glycol ethers include, but are not limited to, monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol or methyl, ethyl, n-propyl butyl or tert-butyl ethers, dipropylene glycol or methyl, ethyl, n-propyl butyl or tert-butyl ethers, tripropylene glycol methyl, ethyl, n-propyl-butyl or tert-butyl ethers, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl1, 3-pentadiol and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. Glycols containing 4 or more carbon atoms are preferred. Of these, propanediol and 1,4-butanediol are preferred.

In the present invention, a microemulsion is defined as a liquid system in which the surfactant component is dispersed with a continuous aqueous liquid phase comprising a dissolved salt of glyphosate. In order to form and maintain the emulsion, a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent is used to provide suitable microemulsion stability. The microemulsions of the invention are physically stable liquid systems which are also storage stable. They are optically transparent at room temperature and are isotropic. They are prepared by gently mixing the ingredients and it is not necessary to use shear or other forces. The order in which the ingredients are added is not a critical aspect of the present invention.

Other ingredients such as solvents and organic acids may be added to increase the stability of the microemulsions of the invention. These additives generally increase the solubility and dispersibility of the surfactants in the aqueous carrier phase and thus allow the formulation of resistant microemulsions exhibiting increased heat and pH stability, reduced viscosity and high glyphosate content.

Solvents may be added to the compositions of the invention to increase the solubility or dispersibility of the surfactants in the aqueous carrier phase and thereby achieve appropriate microemulsion stability. Water-soluble solvents may be added to increase the solubility of the hydrophilic surfactants in the aqueous carrier phase. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble solvents include acetates, C 1-6 alkanols, and β · β β β β β β β β β β β β β v v · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

C 1-6 diols, C 1-6 alkyl ethers or alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols and mixtures thereof. The alkanol can be selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, various positional isomers of butanol, pentanol and hexanol, and mixtures thereof. Diols such as methylene, ethylene, propylene and butylene glycols and mixtures thereof, including polyalkylene glycols, may be used in addition to or instead of said alkanols. Mixtures of hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents may also be used.

It is preferred to limit the solvent content to a maximum of 25%, more preferably 15% of the composition. A particularly preferred range is 0-15%. If any of these organic solvents have a water solubility of less than 25% (at room temperature, 21 ° C), then the amount of such solvents with limited water solubility should not exceed about 5% and using water-soluble solvents (such as ethyl alcohol) then the amount of solvents is increased such that a microemulsion is achieved. These amounts of solvents are generally referred to as a dispersing or solubilizing amount.

Organic acids may be added to the composition to enhance the stability of the microemulsion. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that organic acids or their respective salts stabilize highly filled microemulsions by various mechanisms. First, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic acid moieties act as coupling agents between the aqueous carrier phase and the nonionic surfactant moieties. Second, the acids act as buffers and thus stabilize the pH of the composition. Suitable organic acids include, but are not limited to, acetic, dichloroacetic, citric, malic, oxalic, salicylic or tartaric acids. The effective concentrations of organic acids are generally between 0.1 wt. and 5 wt.

Additional additives, including inorganic acids and oxidizing agents, may be added to the composition of the invention to achieve stability of the microemulsion. Non-limiting examples include boric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, lithium perchlorate, sodium phosphate, sodium chlorate, and sodium iodide.

The present invention also encompasses a method of controlling or controlling weeds or undesirable vegetation, comprising the steps of diluting the liquid concentrate in sufficient water to form a mixture and applying a herbicidally effective amount of the mixture to the weed leaf or undesirable vegetation. Similarly, the invention includes a method of controlling or controlling weeds or undesirable vegetation, comprising the steps of diluting the solid particulate concentrate in a conventional amount of water to form a mixture and applying a herbicidally effective amount of the mixture to the weed leaf or undesirable vegetation.

· · · · · · * * * * * * * * * * * * • • • ^M *** ** *

In the herbicidal use of the composition of the invention, the composition is diluted with an appropriate amount of water to obtain an application solution, which is then applied to the leaf of the plant or plants in a ratio sufficient to obtain the desired herbicidal effect. The application rate is usually expressed as the amount of glyphosate per unit area treated, for example, grams of acid equivalent per hectare (g a.e./ha). As used herein, the term "desired herbicidal effect" typically means at least 85% control of plant species that has been achieved by reducing growth or mortality during the period of time that glyphosate exerts its full herbicidal or phytotoxic effects in the treated plants. This period of time depends on the plant species and growth conditions, may be less than a week, but normally at least two weeks is required to achieve the full effect of glyphosate.

Selection of an application rate that is herbicidally effective for the composition of the invention will be determined by one skilled in the art. One skilled in the art will also recognize that the conditions for individual plants, weather and growth conditions as well as the specific active ingredients and their weight ratio in the composition will affect the degree of herbicidal effects achieved in the practice of the invention. With regard to the use of glyphosate compositions, much information is known about suitable application ratios. The knowledge gained over two decades of glyphosate use and published studies on such use provide sufficient information from which one skilled in the art can select glyphosate application rates that are herbicidally effective for particular species under particular growth conditions and environments.

The method of the present invention wherein the water-soluble herbicide is glyphosate, more particularly the water-soluble glyphosate salt is applicable to any plant species where glyphosate is effective as a herbicide. The invention thus encompasses a very wide range of plant species worldwide. Similarly, a composition of the invention comprising a glyphosate salt can be applied to any plant species where the glyphosate is biologically active. For example, compositions of the invention containing glyphosate as a herbicidally active ingredient can be applied to the plant in a herbicidally effective amount and can effectively control one or more plant species from one or more of the following genera, but not limited to: Abutilon, Amaranthus, Artemisia, Asclepias, Avena, Axonopus, Borreria, Brachiaria, Brassica

Bromus, Chenopodium, Cirisium, Commelina, Convolvulus, Cynodon, Cyperus, Digitaria,

Echinochloa, Eleusine, Elymus, Equisetum, Erodium, Heliantkus, Imperata, Ipomoea,

Kochia, Lolium, Malva, Oryza, Ottochloa, Panicum, Paspalum, Phalaris, Phragmites,

Polygons, Portulaca, Pteridium, Pueraria, Rubus, Salsola, Setaria, Sida, Sorghum,

Triticum, Typha, Ulex, Xanthium, and Zea.

• • •

Of particular importance are the annual broadleaf species for which glyphosate compositions are used, but are not limited to: Theophrastia (Abutilon theophrastí), Amaranthus spp., Oilseed, canola, Indian mustard, etc. (Brassica spp.), Commelina spp., Erodium spp., Sunflower (Helianthus spp.), Ipomoea spp., Broom beetle (Kochia scoparia), mallow (Malva spp.), Climbing bindweed, wormwood, etc. (Polygonum spp.), Common purslane (Portulaca spp.), potassium salmon (Salsola spp.), Sida spp., mustard (Sinapis arvensis') and beet (Xanthium spp.).

Examples of particularly important annual narrow-leaved species for which glyphosate compositions are used include, but are not limited to: Deaf oat (Avena fatuá), Axonopus spp., Bromus tectorum, Digitaria spp., Echinochloa crus-galli, Eleusine indica, Lolium multiflorum, rice (Oryza sativa), Ottochloa nodosa, Paspalum notatum, Phalaris spp., shear (Setaria spp.), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays).

Examples of particularly important broadleaf perennial species for which glyphosate compositions are used include, but are not limited to, Wormwood (Artemisia spp.), Sow-thistle (Asclepias spp.), Thistle (Cirsium arvense), Convolvulus arvensis, and Convolvulus arvensis. Pueraria spp.

Examples of particularly important narrow-leaved perennial species for which glyphosate compositions are used include, but are not limited to, Brachiaria spp., Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus esculentus, C. rotundus, Elymus repens, Imperata cylindrica, Lolium perenne, , Paspalum dilatatum, Phragmites spp., Sorgum halepense, and cattail (Typha spp.).

Other examples of particularly important year-round species for which glyphosate compositions are used include, but are not limited to, field horsetail (Equisetum spp.), Firefly (Pteridium aquilinium), blackberry (Rubus spp.) And gorse (Ulex europaeus). .

For example, the glyphosate compositions of the present invention and the process of treating plants with such compositions may be useful for any of the above species. In a particularly present method, the composition of the invention is formed for field application by diluting the composition of the invention in a suitable volume of water. Preferably, the composition of the invention for treating plants is formed by diluting the composition of the invention in water and then applying it to weeds or unwanted plants.

The application of the plant treatment compositions to the leaf of plants is usually carried out by spraying using any conventional method for spraying liquids, such as spray nozzles or rotary disk atomizers. The composition according to the present invention is φ φ φ φ φ φ · · · · · · · * * *

may be used in precise agricultural techniques using equipment that varies the amount of exogenous chemical substance applied to different parts of the field, depending on variables such as particular plant species, plant growth rate, soil moisture condition, etc. In one embodiment of such For example, a global booster system operating with a spraying device can be used to apply the desired amount of composition to different parts of the field.

The plant treatment composition is preferably sufficiently diluted to be easily applied by spraying using a standard agricultural spraying device. Suitable application rates for the present invention will vary with such factors as the type and concentration of the active ingredient and the species of the plant. Useful ratios for applying the aqueous composition to the sheet using a spray may range from about 25 to about 1000 liters per hectare (1 / ha), preferably from about 50 to about 3001 / ha.

Definition

The terms "hydrocarbon" and "hydrocarbyl" as used herein describe organic compounds or groups that consist exclusively of carbon and hydrogen elements. These moieties include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties. These moieties also include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl moieties substituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as alkylaryl, alkenylaryl and alkynylaryl. Unless otherwise stated, these moieties preferably contain 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

The term "hydrocarbylene" as used herein means groups attached at two ends to the other groups in the organic compound and consisting exclusively of carbon and hydrogen elements. These moieties include alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene and arylene moieties. These moieties also include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl moieties substituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as alkylaryl, alkenylaryl and alkynylaryl. Unless otherwise stated, these moieties preferably contain 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

The term "substituted hydrocarbyl" moieties described herein are hydrocarbyl moieties that are substituted with at least one non-carbon atom, including moieties wherein the carbon atom of the chain is substituted with a heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus, boron , sulfur and a halogen atom. These substituents include halogen, heterocycle, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, ketal, acyl, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, cyano, thiol, thioester, acetal, group

4 ·· ·

The thioether group, the hydroxyalkyl group, the urea group, the guanidine group, the phosphate, the amine oxide and the quaternary ammonium salt.

The term "substituted hydrocarbylene" moieties described herein are hydrocarbylene moieties that are substituted with at least one atom other than a carbon atom, including moieties wherein the carbon atom of the chain is substituted with a heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus, boron , sulfur and a halogen atom. These substituents include halogen, heterocycle, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, ketal, acyl, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, cyano, thiol, thioester, acetal, a group, a thioether group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a urea group, a guanidine group, a phosphate, an amine oxide, and a quaternary ammonium salt.

Unless otherwise indicated, the alkyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkyl groups containing from one to 18 carbon atoms in the backbone and up to 30 carbon atoms. These groups may be straight or branched chain or cyclic and include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and the like.

Unless otherwise stated, the alkenyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkenyl groups containing from two to 18 carbon atoms in the backbone and up to 30 carbon atoms. These groups may be straight or branched chain or cyclic and include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, hexenyl and the like.

Unless otherwise indicated, the alkynyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkynyl groups containing from two to 18 carbon atoms in the backbone and up to 30 carbon atoms. These groups may be straight or branched chain and include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, isobutynyl, hexynyl and the like.

The term "aryl" as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to optionally substituted homocyclic aromatic groups, preferably monocyclic or bicyclic groups containing from 6 to 12 ring carbon atoms such as phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, substituted phenyl, substituted biphenyl or substituted naphthyl. More preferred aryl groups are phenyl and substituted phenyl.

The term "arylalkyl" as used herein refers to a group containing both alkyl and aryl structures such as benzyl.

The alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and arylakyl groups as used herein may be substituted with at least one non-carbon atom including the moieties;

00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 · 000 000 00

0 0 0 • 00000

0 0 ·

wherein the carbon chain is substituted with a heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus, boron, sulfur, or halogen. These substituents include hydroxy, nitro, amino, amido, cyano, sulfoxide, thiol, thioester, thioether, ester, and ether, or any other substituent that may enhance surfactant compatibility and / or effectiveness in the formulation of potassium glyphosate without undesirable effects on the storage stability of the formulation.

The term "halogen" or "halo" is used herein, alone or as part of another group, to mean chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine. Fluorinated substituents are often preferred in surfactant compounds.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term "hydroxyalkyl" includes alkyl groups substituted with at least one hydroxy group, and includes bis (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, tris (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, and poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl groups. Preferred hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl (-CH ₂ OH) and hydroxyethyl (-C ₂ H ₄ OH), bis (hydroxymethyl) methyl (-CH (CH ₂ OH) ₂ ) and tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl (-C (CH ₂ OH) ₃ ).

The term "cyclic" as used herein, alone or as part of another group, means a group containing at least one closed ring and includes alicyclic, aromatic (arene) and heterocyclic groups.

The term "heterocyclo" or "heterocyclic" as used herein, alone or as part of another group, means optionally substituted, fully saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or bicyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic groups containing at least one heteroatom in at least one ring and preferably 5 up to 6 atoms in each ring. The heterocyclic group preferably contains 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and / or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring and may be attached to the remainder of the molecule via a carbon atom or a heteroatom. Examples of heterocycles include heteroaromatic groups such as furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl and the like and non-aromatic heterocyclyl such as tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidine and the like. Examples of substituents include one or more of the following groups: hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, ketal, acetal, ester and ether.

The term "heteroaromatic" as used herein, alone or as part of another group, means optionally substituted aromatic groups containing at least one

4

4 4 •

44 44 4444 4 4 · 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

4,444,444,444 heteroatom in at least one ring and preferably 5 or 6 atoms in each ring. The heteroaromatic group preferably contains 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and / or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring and may be attached to the remainder of the molecule via a carbon atom or a heteroatom. Examples of heteroaromatic groups include furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl and the like. Examples of substituents include one or more of the following groups: hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido, thio, thio, thio, thio, amino, thio, thio, thio, amino, thio, thio, thio, thio, thio, ketal, acetal, ester and ether.

The term "acyl" as used herein, alone or as part of another group, means a moiety formed by removal of a hydroxyl group from the -COOH group of an organic carboxylic acid, for example RC (O) -, where R is R ¹ , R 3 - , R ^X R ² N- or R ^X S-, R ¹ is hydrocarbyl, heterosubstituted hydrocarbyl or heterocycle, and R ² is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl.

The term "acyloxy" as used herein, alone or as part of another group, means an acyl group as described above, attached via an oxygen bond (-O-), for example RC (O) O-, where R is as defined in conjunction with the term "acyl".

When referring to "average number", referring to structural features such as oxy ethylene units or glucoside units, the skilled person should consider that the total number of such units in the individual surfactant molecules will vary in a range that may include integers greater than the maximum or less than the minimum "average number". The presence of individual surfactant molecules having a total number of such units outside the "average number" range does not exclude a composition from the scope of the present invention as long as the "average number" falls within that range and other requirements are met.

The term 'pesticide' includes chemical and microbial agents used as active ingredients of products for the control of cereal and grass pests and diseases, animal ectoparasites and other public health pests. The term also includes plant growth regulators, insect repellents, synergists, herbicide protection agents (which reduce the phytotoxicity of herbicides to harvested plants), and preservatives whose spread to target sites may expose skin and especially ocular tissues to herbicide effects.

• 0 0

00 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 000 000 ·· · 0 0

0 0

0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. These examples will enable a better understanding of the invention and an understanding of its advantages and certain variations of the embodiments

The spray composition of the examples contained an exogenous chemical compound, such as glyphosate potassium salt, in addition to said excipients. The amount of exogenous chemical is selected to provide the desired range in grams per hectare when applied in a spray volume of 93 L / ha. Several exogenous chemical ratios were applied to each composition. Thus, unless otherwise stated, when spray compositions were tested, the concentration of exogenous chemical varied depending on the direct relationship to the exogenous chemical ratio, and the concentration of excipient components was kept constant at various exogenous chemical ratios.

Concentration compositions were tested by dilution by dissolution or dispersion in water to form a spray composition. In these spray compositions prepared from concentrates, the concentration of excipient components varied with the concentration of exogenous chemicals.

In the tables "w" the weight and "v" indicate the volume.

In the following examples illustrating the invention, greenhouse and field tests were performed to evaluate the relative efficacy of glyphosate compositions. Compositions used for comparative purposes can be identified as follows: ‘

Composition Formulation Composition 5701 570 g / l glyphosate IPA salt in aqueous solution without surface addition active substances Compositions 1 41% by weight glyphosate IPA salt in aqueous solution, together with a phosphate ester and a tallow amine as a surfactant. This formulation is sold by the Monsanto Company under the trademark Roundup Ultra® Composition 725K 725 g / l of potassium glyphosate salt in aqueous solution without addition of surfactant Composition 3041 30.4 wt. glyphosate a.e. % IPA salt, 3.3 wt. 2,4-D a.e. as IPA salt and 9.76% of ethoxylated amines derived from tallow and dipropylene glycol Composition IPA Glyphosate

· «·« ·· ······ 0 · · «9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

999 9,999 9,999

9 9 9 9 9

9999 99 99 999 99

Rondup® UltraMax 50 wt. (445 g a.e./l) glyphosate IPA salt in aqueous solution, together with a surfactant. This formulation is sold by Monsanto Company under the trademark Roundup®UltraMax

Various excipients may be used in the compositions of the Examples. These excipients can be identified as follows:

Cl 2'ethylhexylamine C2 5-methylglutamate C3 EXP-81 experimental cationic surfactant di-C12 di-EO 10 ammonium chloride C5 EXP-86-B experimental non-ionic Ci6-ig PO (3.1) EO (10.4) C6 Acetic acid (diCl) dichloroacetic acid C7 Acetic acid C8 Adma 8 octyldimethylamine C9 Adma WC Cs-20 alkyldimethylamine mixture CIO ADMOX myristyldimethylamine oxide Target Arosurf 66-E10 PEG-20 isostearyl ether 03 / AlkamideDC-212 kokoamine DEA 04 / Armeen C mixed C 1-6 alkyl primary amine 05 / Aromatic 150 toluene 06 / EXP-01A experimental non-ionic C16-18 EO (9.4) 07 / EXP-01B experimental non-ionic Ci6.ig EO (9.4) PO (2.2) 08 / EXP-01C experimental non-ionic C16-18 EO (9.4) PO (4.2) C20 EXP-01E experimental non-ionic Ci6.ig EO (9.4) PO (5.3) C21 EXP-01F experimental non-ionic C16-18 EO (9.4) PO (4.4) C22 EXP-01G experimental non-ionic Ci6-is EO (4.4) C23 EXP-01H experimental non-ionic Ci6-ig EO (15.6) PO (4.4) C24 BG510 Rhodafac BG 510 ethoxylated acid ester alkylphosphoric C25 bis (2 'ethylhexyl amine) C26 Boric acid C27 Brij 56 polyoxyethylene (10 EO) cetyl ether C28 Brij 78 PEG20 Cig alcohol

·· · «·· ··· 9

9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

999 9 9 9 9 9 9999

9 9 9 9 9

7 9999 99 99 999 99

C29 BTC 818 dialkyldimethylammonium chloride C30 Cetac 30 cetrimonium chloride (hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride) C32 Citric acid C33 Colloid 11 ID polyacrylate C34 Dithioerythriol C36 Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide C37 Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride C38 Dodecyltrimethylamide C39 Diethylene glycol C40 Emcol CC-42 polypropylene glycol-40 diethylammonium chloride C41 Emcol CC-55 C42 Ethoquad Cl 5 PEG 5 talowammonium chloride C43 Ethoquad T25 PEG 15 tallowmethylammonium chloride C44 Ethyl alcohol C45 Ethylene glycol C4.6 Emulgin-L cetereth 2 propoxylate 9 ethoxylate C47 Ethomeen 02 PEG 2 cocoamine C48 EXP-BI experimental non-ionic Ci6-is EO (5) PO (3.1) C49 Ethoquad 02 PEG 2 cocomethylammonium chloride C60 EXP-19 di-coco di EO (15) quaternary ammonium chloride C61 EXP-195 di-C12 di EO (15) (not derived from coco) C62 EXP-197 dialkyl (tallow and stearyl) di EO (19.6) quaternias ammonium bromide C63 EXP-113 di-C12 di EO (10) ammonium bromide C70 Exxate 700 oxoheptylacetate C71 F88FL C72 Geropan SDS sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate C73 H ₂ O ₂ C74 Hexylamine C75 Hexanol C76 HTMABr C77 Isopar-L. petroleum diesel

• 9 9 • 9 9 9

9 9 • 9 9

9 9

9999 99

9999 * 9

9

9 9

9 9

999

9

9 9

9 9 9

9999

9 9

9

C78 Isopropylamine C79 Plurafac LP 7000 alkoxylated C1-C6 alkyl C80 Lithium perchlorate C81 MakonNF-12 polyalkoxylated aliphatic base C82 Malic acid C83 Mirataine sodium lauriminodipropionate C84 MSPOH monosodium dihydrogen phosphate C85 N-propylamine C86 NeodolN45-13 C14-15 PEG (12) C87 NaC10 ₃ C88 N, N-dimethylhexylamine C89 N, N-dimethyloctylamine C90 Octadecylamine C91 Octylamine C92 OTMACI octyltrimethylammonium chloride C93 Oxalic acid C94 Perchloric acid C95 Phenyltrimethylammonium bromide C96 Phosphoric acid C97 Polyethylene glycol 400 C98 Polyethylene glycol bis (2APE) C99 Propylene glycol 2000 C100 Rhodapex CD 128 Ethoxylated ammonium sulphate C1O1 Rhodapex PA 603 laureth (3 EO) ammonium sulfate 002 Rhodonat LM0 a saccharoglyceride derivative 003 Sodium salicylate 004 Sodium iodide 005 Sulfuric acid 006 TAMMeCl methyl chloride quaternary form of wiktamine ethoxylated lallowamine 8 EO (TAM 80) 007 TAM 45 ethoxylated tallowamine 4.5 EO 008 TAM 60 ethoxylated tallowamine 6 EO 009 TAM 80 ethoxylated tallowamine 8 EO

4 44 4444 44 4

4444 «44 444

4 4 4 4 443 4 4 4 4

444 4 44 «4444

444 44 4,444

4444 44 44 444 44

C110 TAM 105 ethoxylated tallowamine 10.5 EO Clil Tartaric acid 012 Tergitol XD CH ₃ (CH ₂ ) ₃ -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₁₈ H 013 tert-octylamine 014 THF-OH 015 Tributylamine 016 Triethanolamine 017 Triethylhexylamine Br 018 Triisooctylamine 019 Triphenylamine 020 Sodium tripotrate 021 Varonic-210 cocoamine EO (10) 022 xylenes 023 Surfonic AGM-510 Tallowaminethoxylate (6E0) 024 Sufronic AGM-5 50 CAS No 176022-82-5 025 Armeen DMCD dimethylcocoamine 027 Sigma DPG dipropylene glycol 028 n-Decylamine 029 55% TAM 105 + 45% Ethomeen 030 Crompton C6202 54% TAM 45 + 23% TAM 105 + 23% dipropylene glycol 031 C6228 77% TAM 60 + dipropylene glycol 032 Hetoxol CA10 POE 10 cetyl ether 033 Hetoxol STA10 POE 10 stearyl ether 034 Tergitol 15-S-9 035 Tergitol 15-S-12 036 Witco ethoxylated (15) talowammonium chloride 037 Ethoquad T20 PEG 10 allow methylammonium chloride 038 propylene glycol 039 Aro Matic 100 trimethylbenzene / xylene / cumene mixture 040 NMP N-methylpyrrolidone 041 Witcamin 405 Witco 042 PF 8000 Witco

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 • • Μ 9 9

9999

99

9999

043 Hetoxol CS15 C16-18 alcohol 15 EO 044 Hetoxol CS20 C16-18 alcohol 20 EO 045 Ethomeen T25 ethoxylated 15 tallowamine 046 tetrabutylammonium hydroxide 047 Mackine 101 cocoamidopropyldimethylamine 048 EXP-158 experimental non-ionic C12 PO (4,8) EO (4,7) 049 EXP-114 experimental non-ionic C12-16 PO (4,1) EO (7,8) 050 Ethomeen 05 PEG 2 cocoamine 051 Ethomeen C20 PEG 10 cocoamine 052 Isopar V Exxon paraffinic solvent 054 Clariant AV 01 / 63-3 tallowaminethoxylate EO (15) 055 Ammonium oxalate 056 Witcamin 302 PEG 2 cocoamine 057 Witcamin 410 PEG 10 tallowamine

Example 1

The stability of 477 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate solution was evaluated. 36.5% a.e. potassium glyphosate, 12% Witcamine TAM 80 (009), 5% octylamine (C91), and water to 100% were combined at room temperature and then stirred with a magnetic rod at 50 ° C until a homogeneous sample was obtained. A single-phase, clear solution is obtained at 50 ° C and room temperature. Stability was maintained over a three-day cycle over a 12 hour period between -10 ° C and 10 ° C.

Example 2

The stability of 523 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate solution was evaluated. 39.3% a.e. potassium glyphosate, 12% Witcamine TAM 80 (009), 6% octylamine (C91), and water to 100% were combined at room temperature and then stirred with a magnetic rod at 50 ° C until a homogeneous sample was obtained. A single-phase, clear solution is obtained at 50 ° C and room temperature. Stability was maintained over a three-day cycle over a 12 hour period between -10 ° C and 10 ° C.

Example 3 · · · 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 · ···· · © · · ·· ·

The stability of 477 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate solution was evaluated. 36.5% a.e. potassium glyphosate, 12% Witcamine TAM 80 (C109), 5% octylamine (C91), and water to 100% were combined at room temperature and then stirred with a magnetic rod at 50 ° C until a homogeneous sample was obtained. A single-phase, clear solution is obtained at 50 ° C and at room temperature.

Examples 4-6

In Examples 4-6, the stability of formulations with high glyphosate content and various surfactant and octylamine concentrations was evaluated. The formulation components are combined at room temperature and then mixed with a magnetic rod at a temperature of about 50 ° C until a homogeneous sample is obtained. Unless otherwise stated, the formulation was evaluated at 50 ° C and room temperature. A "clear" result indicates that a transparent single-phase solution was obtained. A "cloudy" result indicates that a cloudy, single-phase solution was obtained. "Disable" indicates that phase separation has occurred.

Example 4

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 526 Containing 37.4% a.e. (about 490 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, 6.0% EMCOL CC-40 (Surf), 0-6.0% octylamine (sabilizer) and water to 100%).

Try A7Y B3C C21 D0L E8M Surfboard C40 C40 C40 LC40 C40 wt. % 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt. % 2.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Cloudy Deň: 32 ° C Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy

Example 5

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 526 Containing 37.4% a.e. (about 490 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, and said surfactant component (Surf) and octylamine stabilizer (Stab.)).

Try Α0Ρ B4H C3S D7U E3X F0L G7Y H3B Surf 1 C110 009 010 009 010 009 010 009

0 «00 000 000 · 00 ·

0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

0 9 9 9 «0 · 9 0 0000 00 00 ·· 0 000 0000 00 00 000 00 0

wt. % 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Surfboard. 2 C27 C27 C46 C46 C5 C5 C5 C5 wt. % 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt. % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 Deň: 32 ° C Zakalen Zakalen Zakalen Zakalen Zakalen Zakalen Zakalen Zakalen TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Zakalen Zakalen Pure Pure

Example 6

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 528 containing 37.4% a.e. (about 490 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, and said surfactant (Surf.) and octylamine stabilizer (Stab.) components).

Try A2Z B5V C0B D6M E4G F9L G3C Surf 1 C110 009 Cl 10 C110 009 C40 C40 wt. % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Surfboard. 2 C46 C46 C5 C5 C5 C46 C5 wt. % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt. % 5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 Deň: 32 ° C Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy TM Cloudy Cloudy Čilý Pure Pure -

Example 7-14

In Examples 7-14, the stability of high potassium glyphosate formulations was evaluated for formulations with varying concentrations of short chain length alkylamines. The ingredients of the formulation were combined at room temperature, followed by stirring with a magnetic rod at a temperature of about 50 ° C until a homogeneous product was formed. Unless otherwise stated, formulations were evaluated at higher temperature (HT, about 50 ° C), room temperature, 10 ° C, 0 ° C and 10 ° C. Further, the sample at -10 ° C was evaluated after one week. A clear result indicates that a transparent single-phase solution was obtained. A "cloudy" result indicates that a cloudy, single-phase solution was obtained. "Unsatisfactory" indicates that phase separation (non-compliant) has occurred.

• ·

Example 7

480 g ae / l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L, 0-3% Isopar L compatibilizer (Stab.), 0-6.0% hexylamine (Amin) and water up to 100% • · · φ φ φ φ

ΦΦΦ

ΦΦΦ • ΦΦΦ ΦΦ

Φ · ΦΦΦ ΦΦΦ · φ φ ΦΦΦ ΦΦΦ φ ΦΦΦ ΦΦΦ φ φ · φ

ΦΦ ΦΦΦ ΦΦ φ

Try Staff. Amin HT TM Low: 14 ° C Low: 14 ° C 5 ° C 5 ° C (1 week) 908W1L 0% 3.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 908Z3D 3.0% 2.0% Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 908O9F 1.0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 908J6B 0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy 908E4K 0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. 908K9R 2,25% 1.5% Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 908E2D 1.5% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 908F6X 0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 908G5T 2,25% 4.5% Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. 908H0A 3.0% 6.0% Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. 90818J 3.0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 908J2M 1.5% 6.0% Pure Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 908K7G 0.75% 1.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 908L9L 3.0% 3.0% Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 908M6S 1,7% 2.7% Pure Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh.

Example 8

480 g ae / l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L, 0-3.0% Isopar L (Stab.) Stabilizer, 0-6.0% octylamine (Amin) and water to 100% • 9 · 9 · 9 · 9 · 9 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ··· ··· ·················

Try Staff. Amin HT TM 7 ° c Low: 14 ° C -10 ° c 5 ° C (1 week) 909A4V 0% 3.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 909B5H 3.0% 2.0% Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 909C6B 1.0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 909D2I 0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 909E3C 0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 909F3P 2,25% 1.5% Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 909G1T 1.5% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 909H9M 0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 909I4B 2,25% 4.5% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Nevyh. 909J8O 3.0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 909K6J 3.0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 909L6S 1.5% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 909M2K 0.75% 1.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 909N0K 3.0% 3.0% Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. 909Θ7Ε 1,7% 2.7% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh.

• ·

Example 9

480 g ae / l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L, 0-3.0% Isopar L (Stab.) Stabilizer, 0-6.0% decylamine (Amin) and water to 100% • 0 0 0 0 000 00900

008 99 0 00 «

0000 99 99 «99 ·· ·

Try Staff. Amin HT TM Low: 14 ° C Low: 14 ° C 5 ° C 5 ° C (1 week) 910A2C 0% 3.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910B6T 3.0% 2.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910C7B 1.0% 4.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910D1U 0% 6.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910E0P 0% 4.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910F6A 2,25% 1.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910G9K 1.5% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910H6Z 0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910I7W 2,25% 4.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910J1W 3.0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 910K8B 3.0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910L2Y 1.5% 6.0% Cloudy Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 910M8L 0.75% 1.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910N0E 3.0% 3.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 910O3G 1,7% 2.7% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh.

• 0

0 0

Example 10

480 g ae / l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L, 0-3.0% Isopar L stabilizer (Stab.), 0-6.0% dodecylamine (Amin) and water to 100% «900

0 «9

Try Staff. Amin HT TM Low: 14 ° C Low: 14 ° C 5 ° C 5 ° C (1 week) 911A3K 0% 3.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911B6H 3.0% 2.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911C3K 1.0% 4.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911D4F 0% 6.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911E0I 0% 4.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911F9H 2,25% 1.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911G5V 1.5% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911H7J 0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911I8S 2,25% 4.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911J4K 3.0% 6.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911K2P 3.0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911L6G 1.5% 6.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911M1P 0.75% 1.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911N5Q 3.0% 3.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 911O8Z 1,7% 2.7% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh.

Example 11

480 g ae / l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L, 0-3.0% Aromatic 150 (Stab.), 0-6.0% octylamine (Amin) and water to 100% ··· 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4

Try Staff. Amin HT TM Low: 14 ° C 5 ° C 5 ° C (1 week) -15 ° C (Five weeks) 912A6J 0% 3.0% Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 912B8V 3.0% 2.0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 912C3D 1.0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. 912D5J 0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. 912E0Q 0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. 912F7H 2,25% 1.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 912G4D 1.5% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 912H8K 0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 912I3W 2,25% 4.5% Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy 912J9K 3.0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy 912K2Z 3.0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 912L6Q 1.5% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. 912M2A 0.75% 1.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 912N7T 3.0% 3.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy 912O4B 1,7% 2.7% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Nevyh.

Example 12

480 g ae / l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L, 0-3.0% Isopar L (Stab.) Stabilizer, 0-6.0% octylamine (Amin) and water to 100%

0 · 0 · 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 00 0 000

0000 00 00 000 0

Try Staff. Amin HT TM Low: 14 ° C Low: 14 ° C 5 ° C 5 ° C (1 week) 913A7R 0% 3.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 913B3E 3.0% 2.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 913C4P 1.0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 913D8R 0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 913E4B 0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Nevyh. 913F0S 2,25% 1.5% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 913G1A 1.5% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 913H3M 0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 913I5V 2,25% 4.5% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 913E2I 3.0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 913I8M 3.0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 913T6V 1.5% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 913 J7N 0.75% 1.5% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 913P2Z 3.0% 3.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. 913U5V 1,7% 2.7% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Nevyh.

• 4 I

Example 13

480 g ae / l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L, 0-3.0% Aromatic 150 (Stab.), 0-6.0% octylamine (amine) and water to 100% • 4 «· * 4 4

4 4 · 44 β · 4 4 4 · 4

4444 4,444 • 444,444

4 4 4 4

445 44 4

Try Staff. Amin HT TM Low: 14 ° C Low: 14 ° C 5 ° C -10 ° c (1 week) 914A2C 0% 3.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 914B7H 3.0% 2.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 914C3S 1.0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Nevyh. 914D7N 0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 914E4H 0% 4.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Nevyh. 914F8F 2,25% 1.5% Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 914G3O 1.5% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 914H1P 0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 914I2W 2,25% 4.5% Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy 914J6C 3.0% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy 914K9A 3.0% 0% Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 914L2T 1.5% 6.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy 914M4D 0.75% 1.5% Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 914N9L 3.0% 3.0% Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy 914O3X 1,7% 2.7% Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy

·· ·· ·· •·· · fc fcfcfc fcfcfc fcfcfcfc fcfcfcfc fcfcfcfc fcfcfc fcfc fcfcfcfc ··· fcfc · ·

Example 14% (about 480 g ae / l) of potassium glyphosate, Emulgen-L (Surf. 1), TAM 60 (Surf. 2) or TAM 80 (Surf. 2 - trial 915A3W), octylamine (Stab. 1), Aromatic 150 (Stab. 2) and water up to 100%

Try Surfboard. 1 Surfboard. 2 Staff. 1 Staff. 2 5 ° C (1 week) -15 ° C (6 weeks) 915A3W 2.46% 3.69% 1.5% 1,54% Pure Nevyh. 915B8J 2,44% 3.69% 1,51% 1,51% Pure Nevyh. 915C6Z 4,61% 1,01% Pure Pure 915D0L 5.29% 0,99% Pure Pure 915E5T 6,13% 1,02% Pure Pure 915F9K 4,66% 2.0% Pure Pure 915G6N 5.25% 2.0% Pure Pure 915H3U 7.35% 1,02% Pure Nevyh. 915I8D 9.0% 1.1% Pure Nevyh. 915J6W 4.63% Pure Nevyh. 915K9B 8,19% 1.0% Pure Pure

Example 15-151

In Examples 15-151, the stability of highly concentrated glyphosate formulations was evaluated for formulations of varying compatibility and short chain length alkylamine concentrations. Unless otherwise indicated, the glyphosate potassium salt was evaluated. The ingredients of the formulation were combined at room temperature and then mixed with a magnetic stirrer at 60 ° C to obtain a homogeneous sample. Unless otherwise stated, formulations were evaluated at high temperature (about 60 ° C) and overnight at that temperature. The non-compliant sample was not further tested at lower temperatures. A "clear" result indicates that a transparent single-phase solution was obtained. A "cloudy" result indicates that a single-phase cloudy solution was obtained. The result indicates phase separation or solidification.

Example 15

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 101 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g ae / l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) 0 ··· · ··· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Try A3D B7Y C4R D9W E2F FIM G6K H6Y Ml C46 CÍÓ Oíó C27 C27 C46 CíÓ G4Ó % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C40 C40 C40 009 009 C40 C40 C40 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C74 C92 C92 C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 % wt. 6 6 6 5 5 3 5 7 60 ° C Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 16

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 104 Containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and octylamine stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6Y B2W C6H DOM EIS F5F G8K H5B Surfboard. 1 06 / 07 / 08 / 08 / C20 C21 C22 C23 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

· · · · «· + · ♦ + ·::::

Example 17

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 106 Containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and octylamine stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3E B9L C3C D3W E8K Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. 1 05 / 05 / 05 / 05 / 05 / % wt. 3.3 5.2 1.7 5.2 1 Staff. 2 C30 C30 C30 C30 C30 % wt. 8.3 5.5 2.1 10.6 6.8 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

·

0 · ·

Example 18

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 108 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and octylamine stabilizer (Stah.) <0 0 and

Try A4J B5T C2W D9O E7G F9K G5N HOR Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C110 Target % wt. 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 8.4 12 12 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 8.4 7.2 6 4.8 3.6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy 0 ° c * Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy

* @ 1 week ·· 4 9 »4 ·· 49 ·» • 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 φ

494 «444 4444

9 94 9 999

9999 99 99

Example 19

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Sample Composition No. 110 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3C B6K C4F D9L Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 Target % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. C91 C74 C85 C91 % wt. 6 4 4 5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Nevyh. Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 20

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 112 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3S B9F C6G D5K Ε0Ρ F7H G1C Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 020 % wt. 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 8.4 12 12 Surfboard. 2 021 021 021 021 021 % wt. 8.4 7.2 6 4.8 3.6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Φ Φ · • φ φ φ

9 ·

9 9

9 9

9999 99

9999

9 9 • Φ Φ · Φ • Φ Φ

Φ · ·

Φ Φ Φ

Φ ΦΦΦ

Φ «Φ ΦΦ φ φ

Φ Φ «

Φ Φ Φ

Example 21

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 114 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4V B8K C5F D9L E2B F3S G0B Surfboard. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C110 % wt. 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 8.4 12 12 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 Cl 10. C110 C110 % wt. 8.4 7.2 6 4.8 3.6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 22

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 116 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5T B9J C3S D1W E8H F5X G9Z Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C40 % wt. 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 8.4 12 12 Surfboard. 2 C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 % wt. 8.4 7.2 6 4.8 3.6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• Φ I »··

Φ Φ

Φ Φ

ΦΦΦ

9 9 • Φ

9 ·

• φφφ

ΦΦ Φ • · φφφ

Φ ΦΦΦ φ φφφ • ΦΦΦ ΦΦΦΦΦ • ΦΦΦφ

ΦΦ · ΦΦ φ

Example 23

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 117 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6B B4K C5T D9I E2X Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C90 C38 013 C85 C74 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Low: 14 ° C Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Low: 14 ° C Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy

Try F6V G5Q H8N I5X J9P Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C78 C92 017 C95 C36 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• 9 9 ·

9 ···

9

Example 24

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 118 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) • 9 9 ·

9 9 ·

9 9

9 9

9 9 • 999 9 ·

9 • 9 9

9 9 9 «99999 •

Try A4V B6K C3J DOW E6B Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. Cl C25 016 018 015 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F2X G7I H9Q I4T Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 013 019 C89 C88 % wt. 6 6 6 6 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

99 • 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 • 9 9 9

9999 99 99 • 9 · 9 · 9 · 9

9

9 9

9 9 9 ♦ ♦ «9 9999

9 9 9 ·· 9

Example 25

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 119 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4V B6K C3J DOW E6B Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C74 C92 C36 C91 C92 % wt. 4 4 4 4 7 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F2X G7I H9Q I4T Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C89 C78 C85 C74 % wt. 7 7 7 5.5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh.

·· · * ··

Example 26

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 120 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate (A5R experiment), 31% a.e.

(about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate (all other experiments) and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.).

9

9 9 · »

9999 * · 98 ·

• «· ··· 9 9 9 9 • 99 · · 9 9 9

989 99 9

Try A5R B2W C7V D5T E9P Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C74 C74 C92 C92 C92 % wt. 5.5 5.5 6 6 5 Staff. 2 / C25 C25 C25 % wt. 0.3 0.3 0.3 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Low: 14 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure

♦ · ····

00 99 • 0 ♦

•

9 0 · ♦ ·· ··

Example 27

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 122 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A8N B6K C4L D2M E3A F7C G6Y Surfboard. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C40 % wt. 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 8.4 12 12 Surfboard. 2 C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 % wt. 8.4 7.2 6 4.8 3.6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 28

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 124 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5N B7U BRAID D5J E4W F9K G5V Surfboard. 1 Target Target Target Target Target Target C110 % wt. 3.6 4.8 6 7.2. 8.4 12 12 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 8.4 7.2 6 4.8 3.6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Pure Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

·· ····

Example 29

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Sample Composition No. 125 Containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) ·· 4 · * 4 4 4 ·

4 4 ·

4 4 4 4

4 · φ • • 44 4 · ·

443 4 4 ·

4 • 4 4

4 4 4

4 4444

4 4 ·

Try A9B B6I C4D D2L E2A Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. C74 C92 C92 C92 C92 % wt. 5.5 6 5 7 6 Others ad. C32 C15 % wt. 0.3 0.3 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

0 · 0

Example 30

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 126 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 0 0 0

0

Try A9L B5Y C3S D8U E1R Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C46 C46 % wt. 7.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C110 C43 C43 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. C36 C74 C92 C92 C74 % wt. 2.3 6 6 6 6 Other Add. 05 / C32 C32 C32 % wt. 3.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Low: 14 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• 0 0 9 «« 0900

0 0

0

0 0 ·· 99

9 9 • 9 9 ·

0 «9999

9

999

9

Example 31

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 127 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5G B9K C4M D2X E8O F2W Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 6 Staff. C74 C74 C74 C74 C91 C38 % wt. 3 4 5 6 5 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest Netest. Netest.

Example 32

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 128 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4P B3D C5G D4H E8J F1V G4X Surfboard. 1 C5 C5 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4 4 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 C42 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 6 6 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C74 C92 C74 C92 C92 C74 C74 % wt. 6 6 6 3 4 3 6 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Netest. Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Pure Pure Pure o ° c Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Cloudy Cloudy

• 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

999 99 99 999

Example 33

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 129 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) 9999

9 9

Try A6H B4F C9K D3M EIS Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C74 C74 C92 C92 C91 % wt. 2 1 2 1 1 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure o ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh.

Try F0L G5N H3Z I6F J2U Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 3 4 5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Netest. Low: 14 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Netest. Low: 14 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Netest.

4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4

3 ·· ··· «··

44 ·· «4« «4 · 4 · 4

5 · «·

444 ··>

Example 34

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Sample Composition No. 130 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A8M B6H WHAT WITH D1J E3X F5G G4K H7V Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4 4 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C121 021 C110 C110 C40 C40 % wt. 6 6 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. C91 C74 C91 C74 C91 C91 C91 C92 % wt. 6 6 6 6 5 4 6 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Netest. Netest. Pure Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Netest. Netest. Pure Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Netest.

Example 35

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 131 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4F B7J C7L DIA E7N F5O Surfboard. 1 Target Target C5 C5 C5 C5 % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C40 C40 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. C91 C92 C92 C91 C91 C92 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy Netest.

··

100 0 0 0 0000 00 0 0 0 0

0 000 0 0 0 · 0 0 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 0

Example 36

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 133 Containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try Α0Β B5K C2P D6G E1Z F7U G9A H4D Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 C27 C46 % wt. 4.8. 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C110 C110 C110 C43 C40 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.2 Staff. C92 C74 C92 C92 C92 C91 C91 C74 % wt. 7 5.5 6 6 1 6 6 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Pure Pure Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 37

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 134 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6V B7U WHAT WITH D3N E9L FIX G6J H8M Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. C74 C91 C91 C74 C74 C74 C74 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 4 4 3 5 7 3 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Pure Nevyh, TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Pure Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Netest.

101 ···· ··

Example 38

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 135 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) ·· ···

Try A3C B9H C4R DOZ E5M F2W G6B H7U Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C46 C46 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C110 C110 C43 C43 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 Other 014 014 014 014 % wt. 1 1 1 1 Stab.l C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 39

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 136 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

102

Try A8I B4R C3N D9J EIS FOL G4X H3C Surf 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surf 2 C43 C43 C110 C110 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Other 014 014 Cl 14 014 % wt. 3 1.5 1.5 3 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6 6 5 5 5 5 10 12 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

103

Example 40

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 137 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7H B5T C8K PART Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Other 014 014 C77 C77 % wt. 0.25 0.5 0.25 0.5 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 3 3 3 3 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · · · · ·

104 ...........

Example 41

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 138 containing 36.5% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) (HOV @ 38% - about 513 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A9J B5D C5K D3X E7U Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 Staff. C91 C74 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 7 7 8.5 6.5 7 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F1P G4B HOV I8P Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 7.5 8.5 9 9 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• ·

105 ·· ··

I · «► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ►

Example 42

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 139 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5L B2S C7H Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · · · ·

106 ···· · ·

Example 43

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 140 Containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try Α0Ρ B6F C4Z D2W E7K Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 .. 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C38 C38 C38 C38 C91 % wt. 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 Staff. 2 C91 C91 % wt. 1 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. Pure TM Netest. Netest. Pure Netest. Pure 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Pure Netest. Pure o ° c Netest. Netest Nevyh. Netest. Nevyh.

Try F6G G9B H2V I5S Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C30 % wt. 1 1 1 0.5 Staff. 2 C30 C30 % wt. 0.5 1 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Nevyh. Pure Pure Low: 14 ° C Pure Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest.

· I · i i · · · · · · ·

107 ’······ * * ·· *

Example 44

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 141 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7J B6G C4L DOS E7N Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 6 7 8 9 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F4B G6W H9L I1V Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 10 4 3 2 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

108 • 0 0 »

0 «·« · * ·· • ·

0 0 0 ·

0 0 0

0 0 ···

Example 45

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 143 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3W B3P C7Y D5J E0C Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Pure Cloudy Cloudy Pure Pure TM Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Cloudy Cloudy o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh.

Example 46

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 144 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6U BIX C6Y D2P E8H Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

109 · · © © © 99. 99. 99 99

999 · »· · · ···

Β © • · * * © © © © © «« «· ·

Example 47

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 145 Containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3E SIDE C4V D1Q E3T Surfboard. 1 Target Target Target Target Target % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 48

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 146 Containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3E SIDE C4V D1Q E3T Surfboard. 1 Target Target Target Target Target % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Cloudy Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Netest. Pure Pure Pure Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• 0

0

110 0 0 «« 9 9

··

0 »000 · • 0 0 000

0 · 0 000 0 · •

Example 49

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 147 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5F B9I C2S D6G E8V. Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Pure Cloudy Cloudy Pure Pure TM Cloudy Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 50

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 148 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6H B2Z C7J DOR E3D Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C41 C41 C41 C41 C41 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure TM Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Nevyh.

• · · · ···

111

Example 51

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 149 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2D BOO C4V D2B E7Q Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Čity Pure 7 ° c Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Low: 14 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh.

Example 52

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 150 Containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4R B9K C2A Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C30 C30 C30 % wt. 1 2 3 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest.

• ·

112

Example 53

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 151 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A1T B5S C3G D9L E8E F5H Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Staff. 2 % wt. 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try G3K H7R I5B JOZ K5Q Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 7 8 1 1 1 Staff. 2 C30 C30 C30 % wt. 1 2 3 60 ° C Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest, Netest.

• • • • •

113

Example 54

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Sample Composition No. 152 Containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5N B5L C2U D9Y E6H FOS Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 1 2 3 4 5 6 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy o ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh.

Example 55

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 153 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7Y B2D C2C D7J E9O F7Y Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. C92 C92 C92 C92 C92 C92 % wt. 1 2 3 4 5 6 60 ° C Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · · · · ·

I · · ·

114

Example 56

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 154 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2T B1Q C9K D5L E7W F7K Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Staff. C76 C76 C76 C76 C76 C76 % wt. 1 2 3 4 5 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · · · · ·

115

Example 57

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 155 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6T B2U C3V Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 Stab.2 014 C44 C75 % wt. 6.8 6.82 6.8 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest.

• ·

116

Example 58

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 156 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3P B2X C9Y D5N E7B Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 1 2 3 4 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F1Z G8M H5C I9K J4F Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6 7 8 9 10 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · · · · ·

117 · · · ·

Example 59

Evaluation of Compound Stabilizer Compound No. 157 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7U B2S C8J D4F Ε0Α Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C92 C92 C92 C92 C92 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Pure Low: 14 ° C Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 60

Evaluation of Compound Stabilizer Compound No. 158 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7U B2S C8J D4F Ε0Α Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C76 C76 C76 C76 C76 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

118 • ·· · ·

Example 61

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 159 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7U B2S C8J D4F Ε0Α Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 % wt. 2 4 6 8 10 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 62

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 160 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5V B9K C2A D5X E0L F6Y G2R H7P Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C85 C85 C85 C85 C85 C85 C85 % wt. 0.25 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · · ·

• ·· ♦ ·

119 ** ···· · · · · ···

Example 63

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 161 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5H B2H C5W D9N E8A F7E G4G Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 Staff. 2 C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 % wt. 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 64

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 163 Containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2Z B4U C0N D8D E2D F1B Staff. C87 C73 C93 C96 C26 C80 % wt. 2 3 3 3 3 3 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

0

0 · 0000

120. ·· ♦ · ¹ 0 0

0000 • 0 • 00

Try G8S H1P I5R J8D K5V L3R Staff. C7 C32 020 C80 003 004 % wt. 3 3 3 3 3 3 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 65

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 164 Containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6T B2U C3V D7U Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C74 C74 C74 C74 % wt. 3 5 7 6.5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure 7 ° c Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

···· ··

121 • 4 4 • 4 • 4 a. 4 _a

Example 66

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 165 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3S B6G Okay D7P E4R FOB Surfboard. 1 C46 06 / 07 / 08 / C21 C5 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 67

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 167 containing 5% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and a stabilizer (Stab.) and no surfactant

Try A6G B2Q C9K D7N E3T FOJ Staff. C87 C73 C93 C96 C26 C80 % wt. 2 2 2 2 2 2 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

·························

122

· * ··· «• · · ··· ·· ···

Example 68

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 175 containing 5% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and a stabilizer (Stab.) and no surfactant

Try A3F B8J WHAT WITH D2M E8W F8R Staff. C93 C82 C2 Clil C34 C34 % wt. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

44 · 44 · 44

123

9 ·· 9

999 9 • ♦

Example 69

Evaluation of Compound Stabilizer Test Composition Compositions No. 176 (A3D) and 178 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3D A2P B4X C9K DIB E7R F3B G5V Surfboard. 1 C46 C79 C79 C79 C79 C79 C79 C110 % wt. 4.9 3 4 5 6 7 10 10 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7 6 5 4 3 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 70

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 180 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7H B2L C3Q D9K E6N F7K Surfboard. 1 C79 C79 C79 C79 C5 C5 % wt. 4 5 4 5 4 4 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C48 C48 C110 C48 % wt. 6 5 6 5 6 6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

124 • 0 ···· 0 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 000 0 0

Example 71

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 182 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5T B3U C2W D9C E1A F6X Surfboard. 1 C79 C5 C27 C79 C5 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C48 C48 C48 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 72

Evaluation of the Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 184 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A9I B5V C5K D0P E3Z F5N G4L Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C46 C5 C79 C48 C3 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 12.3 Surfboard. 2 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

·· ··

125 • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

0000 00 · 0000 0 000 000 0 0 0 0 000

Example 73

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 185 Containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2H B6G CIA D9P E5T Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 3 2 3 Staff. 2 C47 C47 C47 C47 % wt. 1 2 1 4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F7N G3D H8K I8J Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 3 4 5 6 Staff. 2 C47 C47 C47 % wt. 3 2 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

«9

126 • 99 99 ·· ·· * ·

9 • 999

Μ 9 »9 · 9 · Μ Μ · Μ Μ · Μ Μ

Example 74

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 186 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3R B1W TIN D8G E3S F9T Surfboard. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 0 2 4 6 8 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

»· 99 • 9 9

9 9

9 9

9 9

9999 99

127 ·· ···· 9,999

9 9 • 99

Example 75

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 187 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A8H B9P C6F DOS E2A F5D Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C45 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6 1 2 3 4 5 Stab.2 C45 C45 C45 C45 C45 % wt. 5 4 3 2 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

128 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · e · 4 · e · e · e · ·· ·· ··· ·· ·

Example 76

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 188 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7U B2S C8N D4G E1W F2V Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C98 C91 C91 C97 C91 C91 % wt. 6 2 4 6 2 4 Stab.2 C98 C98 C97 C97 % wt. 4 2 4 2 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• φ

129

Φ Φ ΦΦΦΦ ΦΦ φ φ · · φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ · · φ · · φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ ΦΦ ΦΦ ΦΦ

Example 77

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 189 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7K B1P C3Z DOR E3K Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C99 C91 C91 C100 C91 % wt. 6 2 4 6 2 Staff. 2 C99 C99 C100 % wt. 4 2 4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F2C G7J H4F I5N Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C101 C91 C91 % wt. 4 6 2 4 Staff. 2 C100 C101 C101 % wt. 2 4 2 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

130

Example 78

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 190 Containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2S B6B C9K D5L E2Z Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C83 C91 C91 C24 C91 % wt. 6 2 4 6 2 Staff. 2 C83 C83 C24 % wt. 4 2 4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. o ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F0F G5B H3K I1Z Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 03 / C91 C91 % wt. 4 6 2 4 Staff. 2 C24 03 / 03 / % wt. 2 4 2 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 7 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · ···············

131

Example 79

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 191 containing 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surface

Try A7H B9W C5N D3M E1J Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C72 C91 C91 002 C91 % wt. 6 2 4 6 2 Staff. 2 C72 C72 102 % wt. 4 2 4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F8V G3K H2A IOE Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C84 C91 C91 % wt. 4 6 2 4 Staff. 2 002 C84 C84 % wt. 2 4 2 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Fai TM Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Low: 14 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

132

Example 80

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 721 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A9K B3C C5M D2Z EOL F1A Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 2.5 3.7 6.2 7.4 8.6 9.8 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 9.8 8.6 6.2 4.9 3.7 2.5 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 60 ° C Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Cloudy TM Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Cloudy 5 ° C Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Cloudy

Example 81

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 722 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6B B2U C9L D1Z E3K FOR Surfboard. 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.2 10.6 12.3 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 4 4 6 6 6 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure 5 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure -10 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure

* @ 4 weeks

133 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

000 ·· »0 ·

Example 82

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 723 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7J B4P C2B D8M E3I F0V Surfboard. C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.2 10.6 12.3 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 4 4 6 6 6 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Pure -10 ° c Pure Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Pure -10 ° c * Pure Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Nevyh.

* @ 4 weeks

Example 83

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 724 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7J B4P C2B D8M E3I F0V Surfboard. C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.2 10.6 12.3 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 4 4 6 6 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Netest. Netest, -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Netest. Netest.

• 9 ·

9 9 9 9 99 99 99

9 9 · 9 99 99 999 • 9 999 99 999 99 ·· _ _Λ ··· ♦ ···· ♦

134 ···················

Example 84

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 725 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2S B9K C5N D3C E6H F4A Surfboard. 006 006 006 006 006 006 % wt. 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.2 10.6 12.3 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 4 4 6 6 6 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Nevyh. TM Pure Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Netest. -10 ° c Pure Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Netest. -10 ° c * Pure Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Netest.

* 4 weeks

Example 85

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 726 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A8N B3C C1L DOQ E6G Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 3 2 1 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• • •

135 ·······················

Example 86

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 727 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7Y B3L C2Z D9B Surfboard. 1 009 009 009 009 % wt. 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 Staff. C91 C91 C91 % wt. 3 2 1 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c * Pure Netest. Netest. Netest.

* @ 4 weeks

Example 87

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 728 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2E B3A C5C DOL E2N F8T G4N H6B Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf.2 009 009 009 009 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

»· · · 0 · 0

0

0 «

0 · «

136

Example 88

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 729 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4C B9O C3F D6B E7L F2S G7B H0W Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf.2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 89

Evaluation of Compound Stabilizer Compatibility Test Composition Composition 730 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7T B3F C2P D9L E5N FOB G7R H4E Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf.2 006 006 006 006 009 009 009 009 % wt. 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Pure Pure -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy

* · ····

137 • · »4

4

9999

4 • 4 4

45 · 4 4 4

9 9 9999

9 9 9

999 99 ·

Example 90

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 731 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7T B3F C2P D9L E5N FOB G7R H4E Surfboard. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf.2 009 009 009 009 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Pure Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 91

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 732 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4R B6T WHAT WITH DOM E2X F4K G1A H3Y Surfboard. 1 C79 C79 C79 C79 C5 C5 C5 C5 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest.

138 • 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 · ♦ ·· · ···

99 · 99999 99999

9 9 9 9 9

999 9 9 9 ··. 9 99 9 9 9

Example 92

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 733 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A9G B3M C7K D2W E1J F9T GOS H7J Surfboard. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C79 C79 C79 C79 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Pure Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 93

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 734 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5R B8V COA D7F E4H F3Y G9X H5U Surfboard. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C11 C11 C11 C11 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Netest. Netest.

♦ 9

0 9

00 9

139 ·· 00 • 0 9 0

9 · · <90 ·· 9900

9

Example 94

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 735 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A9K B2J C8X D7Q E8L F2V Surfboard. 1 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 % wt. 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.2 10.6 12.3 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6 6 6 4 4 4 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure 5 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure -10 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure Pure

* @ 4 weeks

Example 95

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 736 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4F B7M CIA D5K EOR F8E G5H H3B Surfboard. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 Target Target Target Target % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• φ · · ······ ♦♦ ·

9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 999

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 ·· ·

9 9 9 9 9

9999 99 99 999 99

140

Example 96

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 737 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4F B7M CIA D5K EOR F8E G5H H3B Surfboard. 1 Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure what Pure Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 97

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 738 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A8M B3E C9K DIS E5Z F8J Surfboard. 1 009 009 009 C42 C42 C42 % wt. 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.2 10.6 12.3 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 2 2 2 2 2 60 ° C Pure Pure Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure TM Pure Pure Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure 5 ° C Pure Pure Nevyh. Pure Pure Nevyh. -10 ° c * Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Pure Nevyh. Netest.

141 • fc • · • fcfcfc fcfc fc · fcfc fcfcfcfc fcfc · • fcfc fcfcfc • fcfcfcfc fc fcfcfc fc fc fcfcfc fc ···· • fc fcfcfcfc • fc fcfcfc

Example 98

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 739 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4F B7M CIA D5K E0R F8E G5H H3B Surfboard. 1 Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C42 C42 C42 C42 % wt. n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Pure Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Pure Netest.

Example 99

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 740 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A8J BIX C5T D4V E9K F4G G2W H0C Surf 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 Target Target Target Target % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C42 C42 C42 C42 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 60 ° C Pure Pure Cloudy Cloudy Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Pure Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c * Pure Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

* @ 4 weeks

99,999,999,999 9,999,999,999 9,999,999,999

9 · 9 9 9 9 9 9 999 99 99 99 9 999 999 999 99 99 99 99 9 ·

142

Example 100

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 741 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2V B8J C3D D9K E2Y FOI Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Surfboard. 3 012 012 C33 C33 C71 C71 % wt. 0.1 1 0.1 1 0.1 1 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 2 2 2 2 2 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 101

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 742 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try AOW B6G C2X D7N E7Z FOL G4J H3C Surfboard. 1 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 C42 C42 C42 C42 % wt. 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Cloudy Pure Pure Pure Cloudy TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

9

9 9

9 9 9

9 9999

9 9

9

143

99

9 ·

9 9

9 9 9

9 9

998 9 9

9999

9 9

9

9 9 9

9 9

999

Example 102

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 743 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A0W B6G C2X D7N E7Z FOL G4J H3C Surfboard. 1 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 C42 C42 C42 C42 % wt. 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 103

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 744 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6B B3G OP D7Y E4N F8J G3U H2V Surfboard. 1 C21 C21 C21 C21 C21 C21 C21 C21 % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 C42 C42 C42 C42 % wt. n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

144 ·

9 9 9

9

9 9 9

9999 99

9

998 9 9 9 9

9999 9999

9 9 9 • 99 99 9

Example 104

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 745 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A1W B5G C8K DOL E8H F5R G3Z H1A Surfboard. 1 07 / 07 / 07 / 07 / 07 / 07 / 07 / 07 / % wt. 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 C42 C42 C42 C42 % wt. n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 n, i 9.8 8.6 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 105

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 747 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3C B7H C9S D4L EOK F3G Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C63 C62 C60 % by weight, 4.9 4.9 4.9 12.3 12.3 12.3 Surfboard. 2 C63 C62 C60 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

145

0000 ·· 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 · 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 0,000 00 0000

000 «· 0000

0000 00 00 000 00 ·

Example 106

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 749 Containing 5% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7U B3C C4F D7H E3M F9K G8F Surfboard. C93 C96 C26 C7 C6 C94 C82 % wt. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 107

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 751 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7B B2N C2Z D9R E7P F3M G2W Surfboard. C27 C28 C46 C86 C86 C27 C28 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 12.3 12.3 Staff. C30 C30 C30 C110 C30 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

·· · · · · ·

146 00 900 00 0 0 0 0 00 00

0

Example 108

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 753 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A8H B2O C8L D4E E9S F3V G5Q H6B Surfboard. C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C5 C5 C5 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Staff. C30 C90 C37 C38 C9 C30 C90 C37 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 109

Compatibility Evaluation of Test Specimen Composition No. 755 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5G B1M C9S D9W E4R F2D G0V Surfboard. 1 C27 C46 C86 C86 C86 C81 C81 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C109 C110 009 009 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C30 C30 % wt. 7.4 7.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

<· ····

147 «9 · 9.

9 9 9 9 9 β • · · 9 9 9

999 99999

9999 99

Example 110

Evaluation of Compatibility Test Composition No. 757 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5G B1M C9S D9W E4R Surfboard. 1 C27 C46 C86 C81 C5 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C30 % wt. 7.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 111

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 759 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7U B3N BX4F C7P D3B EOT F8M Gly salt IPA MA MA MEA NH4 TMS NPA Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surfboard. 2 Cl10 Cl10 009 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

148 ·· 0 «00 0000 00 0 • 000,000,000

0 0 0000 0 000 • 0 000 0 000 · 0000 • 00 0 «0 000 0000 00 00 000 000 ·

Example 112

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 761 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A8F B4O Surfboard. 1 C21 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 C63 % wt. 7.4 7.4 Staff. C74 C74 % wt. 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest.

Example 113

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 762 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A9A B7H C4Y D9Q E3C Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 3.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C91 C8 % wt. 7 7 7.4 7.4 7.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

149

Φ ΦΦ ΦΦ · · · · Φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • «·· ·· ··· · · ·

Example 114

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 763 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5T BII C3Z D2S E8N F6W Surfboard. C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 9.2 7.4 6.2 4.6 10.6 12.3 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 115

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 764 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4E B2L C7Y DOQ E4V F1R Surfboard. 1 C46 C27 C46 C46 C27 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4 4 4 Surfboard. 2 009 C43 C110 009 C43 Cl10 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 6 6 6 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

150 * ······························ ·

Example 116

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 765 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A9K B3D C5G DIB E5W Surfboard. 009 009 009 C28 C28 % wt. 9.2 10.6 12.3 12.3 10 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 2 2 2 10 6 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c * Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

* @ 4 weeks

Example 117

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 767 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4V B7H COA D4N E4T Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C30 C30 C30 C30 C30 % wt. 7.4 4.1 7.4 4.1 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C9 C9 04 / % wt. 2.7 6 2.7 6 2.7 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• ·

151

Try F6J G4X H1L I9E J3C Surfboard. 1 C27 07 / 07 / 07 / 07 / % wt. 4.9 3.7 4.9 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C30 C42 C42 C42 C42 % wt. 7.4 8.6 7.4 8.6 7.4 Staff. 04 / C47 C47 C49 C49 % wt. 6 2.7 6 2.7 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 118

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 768 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try. A7T B3N C5W DOA Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C30 C30 C30 C30 % wt. 7.4 4.1 7.4 4.1 Staff. C91 C91 C9 C9 % wt. 2.7 6 2.7 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · • ·

152

Example 119

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 771 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A7T B3N C5W Surfboard. 1 009 009 009 % wt. 12.3 10.6 9.2 Staff. C9 C9 C9 % wt. 3 3 3 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure TM Netest. Netest. Pure -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Pure -10 ° c * Netest. Netest. Pure

* @ 4 weeks

Example 120

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 773 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.), additive (Add.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A8J B1C COH D5V E5W Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 3 3 3 3 3 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7 7 7 7 7 Add. C30 C30 C30 C30 C30 % wt. 7.4 4.1 7.4 4.1 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• ·

153 · · · · · · · · · · ·

Example 121

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 775 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4L B3P C2L D7U E4V F5G G4T Surfboard. 1 Cl10 009 C5 C5 C21 C23 C46 % wt. 12.3 12.3 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 C110 009 009 Cl10 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 122

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 776 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3X BOG COJ D6Y E3F F2S G90 HIB Surfboard. C86 C28 C86 C86 C86 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Staff. C30 C30 C9 C38 04 / C9 C38 C9 % wt. 6.3 6.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• • •

154

Example 123

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 777 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A9I B2V C4F D2U E7K Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 5.2 5.6 12.3 10.6 9.2 Surfboard. 2 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. 7.8 8.4 Staff. C92 C92 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 1 1 4 4 4 60 ° C Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F1A G5D H9K Ι0Η J4Z Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 12.3 10.6 9.2 6.2 7.4 Surfboard. 2 % wt. Staff. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 6 6 6 6 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

155

Example 124

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 778 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5T BIS C7B D4L E8J F6T Surfboard. C46 C27 C28 C86 08 / 08 / % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try GOM H7R I7B J3S K1A Surfboard. 08 / C20 07 / 06 / C23 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

156 ··· ·· ·· ·

Example 125

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 779 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2F B8K CHIP D4S Surfboard. C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 5.6 6 6.4 5.2 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 8.4 9 9.6 7.8 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 126

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Sample Composition 780 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A2W B0F C4V D3J E9I Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 009 C110 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C92 C92 C92 C91 C91 % wt. 1 1.5 1 1 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

4 · 4

157

Try F6N G4C H2X I8H Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 3.1 3.1 Surf.2 Cl10 009 Cl10 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 3.1 3.1 Staff. C9 C9 % wt. 1 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 127

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 781 Containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4C B6Y C9K D5R E2X F8I G3D Surf 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 Surf.2 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C38 C38 C38 05 / C15 05 / % wt. 1 3 5 1 3 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure -10 ° c * Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure

• ·

158

Try H7N I3W J7M K8D LIB M6Y NOF Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C77 C77 C77 C39 % wt. 1 3 5 1 3 5 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Pure Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Pure Netest. -10 ° c * Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest.

* @ 4 weeks

Try O4G P3E Q7X R9V S2T T7K U4F Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C11O C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C39 C39 022 022 022 C70 C70 % wt. 3 5 1 3 5 1 3 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest '. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

159 tt tttt

0 · 0 0 · · «00

0 000

Try V8F WOR X3G Y9O Z2F AA8P BB4E Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 Surfboard. 2 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C70 C37 C37 C37 C30 C3O C3O % wt. 5 1 3 5 1 3 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try CC9H DD1K EE3S FF7U GG7J HH2P Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 Surfboard. 2 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 04 / 04 / 04 / CIO CIO CIO % wt. 1 3 5 1 3 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

160 · 99 999 · 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 · 9999

9 · · · · · 9 9 «999 99 99 999 99 9

Example 128

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 782 Containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A4F B7A C2V DOW E3P Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C77 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 1 3 5 1 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure TM Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure -10 ° c Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure -10 ° c * Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy

* @ 4 weeks

Try FIG G8S H5K I9T J6B Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. C77 C77 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 3 5 1 3 5 60 ° C Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° C Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

* @ 4 weeks • · · ·

I

161 ·· · ♦ ·· ·· fcfcfcfc fcfcfcfc fcfc fc fc

Example 129

Evaluation of Compound Stabilizer Test Composition Composition 783 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6Y BAREFOOT C8F D9X E4N Surfboard. 009 009 009 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.2 10.6 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 2 2 2 4 4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try FOL G3J H2Q I3B Surfboard. Cl10 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 12.3 9.2 10.6 12.3 Staff. C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 4 6 6 6 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 130

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 784 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

ΦΦ φ φ φ φ φ · · • • • • • • · · · · · φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ

ΦΦ ΦΦ ΦΦ ΦΦΦ ΦΦ 9

162

Try A9K B3C C2H D7U E2S F5F G5R H2O Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 1,2 2.6 3.7 4.9 1,2 2.6 3.7 4.9 Surfboard. 2 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 % wt. 11.1 9.9 8.7 7.4 n, i 9.9 8.7 7.4 Staff. C91 C91 C91 C91 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Pure Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c * Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

* 4 weeks

Example 131

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 785 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A9L B5V C1U D5B E7Y F5T Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4 4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 6 6 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 2 1 6 6 6 6 Stab.2 C9 C9 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 4 4 1 3 5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

· 99 99 ··· 99 9 * · 9 · · · 9 ···

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

999 98 9 999

9999 99 99,999 9 · 9

163

Try G7J H2S I8M J3W KOC Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 6 6 6 6 6 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 6 6 6 6 2 Staff. 2 C77 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 1 3 5 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Nevyh. Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Nevyh. Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c * Netest. Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest.

* 4 weeks

Example 132

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition No. 786 Containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5G B2X C6J D7Q E3H F6U G7W Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 5.6 5.6 4.3 5.6 4 4.4 4.8 Surfboard. 2 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 % wt. 8.4 8.4 6.5 8.4 6 6.5 7.3 Staff. C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 0.7 1.4 2 0.8 0.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Netest. Netest. -10 ° C Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Cloudy Netest. Netest.

* 4 weeks

164

9999

9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 99 99 9 9 9 9

999 · 999 9,999

9 9 9 9 9

9999 99 99 999 99

Try H1M I8L J3S KOJ L6P M2V N5G Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.6 4 4.1 4,5 4.8 5.1 5.1 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7 6 6.1 6.8 7.2 7.7 7.7 Staff. C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 0.8 2 2 2 0.4 1.4 60 ° C Nevyh. Pure Nevyh. Pure Pure Nevyh. Pure TM Netest. Pure Netest. Pure Pure Netest. Pure -10 ° c Netest. Pure Netest. Pure Pure Netest. Pure

Try 03U P2B Q6W Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 5.6 4.7 5.4 Surf 2 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 8.4 7 8.1 Staff. C77 C77 C77 % wt. 1.1 0.9 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure TM Netest. Netest. Pure -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Cloudy

165 · 44 · 4 · 4 4 4

4 4 4 4 4

4 4 4 4

4444 44 44 ·

4 4 · 4 ·

444 4 4444

4 4 4

4

Example 133

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 787 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A6B B9P ClZ D4M E8Y F3L G5Q Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 5.2 5.6 6 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.6 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7.8 8.4 9 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.4 Staff. % wt. 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try H9K I3R J7S K6A LOB M2C Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 8 8.4 8.8 9.2 9.6 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 Cl10 % wt. 12 12.6 13.2 13.8 14.4 7.4 Staff. C77 % wt. 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure -10 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Cloudy

* 4 weeks

4 «· · * * *« «« «« «« «« «« «« ·········································

166

Example 134

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 788 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3R B2K C9P D5H E5R F1V G9J Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 5.2 5.6 6 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.6 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.8 8.4 9 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.4 Staff. C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Pure Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Pure Pure Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c * Nevyh. Cloudy Nevyh. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

* 4 weeks

Try H6M I3U J2X K0W L8B Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 8 8.4 8.8 9.2 9.6 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 12 12.6 13.2 13.8 14.4 Staff. C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

167 «· 99 99 9999 99 9

9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9999

9 9 9 9 9

9999 99 99 999 99

Example 135

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 789 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A3R B2K C9P D5H E5R F1V G9J Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 Cl10 009 C43 009 Cl10 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C77 C77 C74 % wt. 6 5 6 5 1 1 4 Staff. 2 C77 C77 C77 C77 C9 C91 C77 % wt. 1 1 1 1 7.4 7.4 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure Pure Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Netest. -10 ° c. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Netest. -10 ° c * Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Nevyh. Nevyh. Netest.

* 4 weeks

Try H6M I3U J2X KOW L8B Surfboard. 1 C46 C27 C46 C46 C27 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf.2 009 C43 Cl10 009 C43 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C74 C74 C92 C92 C92 % wt. 4 6 4 4 5 Staff. 2 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 1 1 1 1 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

168

Example 136

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 790 Containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5T B30 C2X DOH E5B Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C9 C91 C91 C9 % wt. 3 4 3 6 Staff. 2 C9 % wt. 4 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. -10 ° c Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try F7T G1B H9K I3G J4N Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 % wt. 1 2 3 6 1 Staff. 2 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 5 1 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• · · ·

169 · · · · · · · · · «·« 169 169 169 ··· ·· ·

Example 137

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 791 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try AOF B6H C4B D5W E1Z F9V Surfboard. C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4.9 2.5 4 2 4 2 Staff. 1 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 7.4 9.8 6 8 6 8 Stab.2 C77 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 1 1 1 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Try G8J H3V I2K J2F COM Surfboard C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 2.5 4.9 2.5 4 2 Staff. 1 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 9.8 7.4 9.8 6 8 Staff. 2 05 / 05 / 05 / 05 / % wt. 1 1 1 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

170 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·

Example 138

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen Composition 792 containing 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./l) isopropylamine glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try Α0Ρ B4R C7B D8J EIS F8K G0F H3X Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C27 C27 C27 C27 % wt. 4 4.6 4.8 5.6 4.9 4.9 4 4 Surfboard. 2 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 Cl10 C9 C9 C9 C9 % wt. 6 7 7.1 8.3 7.4 7.4 6 6 Staff. C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 % wt. 1.4 1.7 1.5 1,8 1 1 60 ° C Pure Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Pure TM Pure Pure Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure 5 ° C Pure Pure Pure Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure -10 ° C Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Pure

* @ 4 weeks

171 · · ················ ·························

Example 139

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 793 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5T B3O C2X DOH E5B Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4 1.6 1.6 1.6 Surfboard. 2 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 2.4 2.4 2.4 Staff. 1 C38 C38 C9 C9 % wt. 7.4 6 7.4 6 Staff. 2 - - C77 % wt. - - 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure Pure TM Netest. Pure Pure Pure Pure 5 ° C Netest. Nevyh. Pure Pure Pure -10 ° c * Netest. Netest. Pure Pure Pure

* @ 4 weeks

Try F7T G1B H9K I3G Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4 4.9 4 Surfboard. 2 009 009 009 009 % wt. 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C9 C9 % wt. 7.4 6 7.4 6 Staff. 2 % wt. 60 ° C Pure Pure Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Pure Pure Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Pure Pure Netest. Netest.

172 · · · · · · · · · · · ·

999 99 «

Example 140

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 795 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try Α0Ρ B4R C7B D8J EIS F8K G0F H3X Surfboard. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C46 C46 C46 % wt. 4.9 4 4 4 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.2 Surf.2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 % wt. 7.4 6 6 6 7.4 7.4 7.4 Staff. 1 C91 C9 C91 C77 C91 C77 % wt. 6 6 6 1 4 1 Staff. 2 C77 C77 % wt. 1 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

Example 141

Evaluation of Compound Stabilizer Test Composition Composition 798 containing 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./l) potassium glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)

Try A5T B3O C2X DH E5B Surfboard. 1 C46 C46 C46 C27 C27 % wt. 6.3 7.4 9.8 3.7 3.7 Staff. 1 C91 C91 C91 C9 C9 % wt. 6.3 4.9 2.5 8.6 8.6 Staff. 2 C77 % wt. 1 60 ° C Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. 5 ° C Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest. Netest.

• • • •

173

Example 142

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 087 containing 38% a.e. IPA glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) And stabilizer (Stab.). "Stable" is defined as a single phase.

Try A4R B9K C4F D2Z Surfboard. 1 Target Target 032 032 % wt. 4 4 2 2 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 033 033 % wt. 6 7 2 2 Surfboard. 3 C43 C43 % wt. 6 7 Staff. 1 025 025 025 025 % wt. 1 1 1 1 Deň: 32 ° C Stable Stable Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Stable Stable Nevyh. Nevyh.

Example 143

Evaluation of Stabilizer Compatibility of Test Specimen No. 099 containing 36.5% a.e. glyphosate potassium and said surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.). "Stable" is defined as a single phase.

Try A3X B4F C7G D9S E7L FOP G6B H8M Surfboard. 1 Target Target 033 033 034 034 035 035 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surfboard. 2 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 % wt. 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 Staff. 1 04 / 04 / 04 / 04 / 04 / 04 / 04 / 04 / % wt. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Deň: 32 ° C Stable Stable Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM Stable Stable Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh.

• · · ·

174

Example 144

Evaluation of Compatibility of Test Specimen Stabilizer Composition No. 100 containing 38% a.e. IPA glyphosate and said surfactant (Surf.) And stabilizer (Stab.). "Stable" is defined as a single phase.

Try AOL B6V C8N D4X E3S F2H Surfboard. 1 Target Target Target 033 033 033 % wt. 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 % wt. 6 6 7 6 6 7 Staff. 1 025 025 025 025 % wt. 1 1 1 1 Deň: 32 ° C Stable Nevyh. Stable Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM * Stable Nevyh. Stable Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c * Stable Nevyh. Stable Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh.

* @ 1 week

Example 145

Try AOL B6V C8N D4X E3S F2H Surf 1 Target Target Target 032 032 032 wl% 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surfboard. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 wt. % 7 7 9 7 7 9 Staff. 1 025 025 025 025 wt. % 1 1 1 1 Deň: 32 ° C Stable Nevyh. Stable Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. TM * Stable Nevyh. Stable Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh. o ° c * Stable Nevyh. Stablní Nevyh. Nevyh. Nevyh.

175 • 0 · 000 0 0 0 0 0 «• · 9 · 999 * 0 999

009 0 000

000 90 0 00 «• 009 9 · 09 099 00«

Example 146

The effectiveness of the stabilizer on the IPA salt of glyphosate with a cationic and anionic surfactant was evaluated. Aqueous formulations were prepared as indicated in Example 146 of Table a. Glyphosate concentrations for each composition were about 448 g / liter. All components were added and then shaken to a uniform formulation. Each formulation was in the form of a stable, clear and dark yellow solution.

Example 146 Table a

Comp. Comp. 1 % w / v Comp. 2 % w / v Comp. 3 % w / v Comp. 4 % w / v 706A3M Target 4 C43 7 025 1 706B8U Target 4 036 7 025 1 706C9K Target 4 037 7 025 1 706D1S Target 4 C43 7 025 1 038 0.5 706E8J Target 4 C43 7 025 1 039 1 706F9V Target 4 C43 7 025 1 040 1

The composition of example 146 of the table and the comparative composition of IPA glyphosate was applied to plants of Abutilon theophrasti, ABUTH. The results averaged over all repetitions of each treatment are shown in Example 146, Table a.

Example 146 Table a,% inhibition of ABUTH

Composition 75 g a.e./ha 150 g a.e./ha 225 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 706A3M 55.8 80.2 91.8 96.2 706B8U 60 78.2 93.7 96.5 706C9K 57.5 81.3 93.2 95.8 706D1S 52.5 85.2 95.3 98.7 706E8J 65.8 80.5 94.3 98.5 706F9V 60 82.2 94.2 97 Composition 5701 20 May 58.3 72.2 79.3 Roundup Ultra 57.5 76.3 92 95.5 Composition IPA 63.3 81.3 95.5 97.7

• fc

176

The efficacy of the 706D1S, 706E8J and 706F9V formulations was similar to that of glyphosate • fc fcfcfc · fcfcfc fcfcfc · fc · fcfcfcfc · fc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcf fcfc fcfc ··· ·· fc standards.

Example 147

The efficacy of glyphosate potassium salt stabilizers with cationic and nonionic surfactants was evaluated. Aqueous compositions were prepared as indicated in Example 147, Table a. Glyphosate concentrations for each composition are indicated in g a.e./litre. All components were added and then shaken to a uniform formulation. Each formulation was in the form of a stable, clear and dark yellow solution.

Example 147 Table a

Comp. IGlyl Comp. 1 % w / v Comp. 2 % w / v Comp. 3 % w / v 750A3C 475 Target 4 C47 9 04 / 1 750B8W 475 Target 5 C47 9 04 / 1 750C3D 465 Target 6 C47 11 04 / 2.5

The composition of Example 147 of the table and the comparative composition of IPA glyphosate was applied to the plants of Abutilon theophrasti, ABUTH. The results averaged over all repetitions of each treatment are shown in Example 147, Table b.

Example 147 Table b% inhibition of ABUTH

Composition 100g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 750A2X 38.2 69.2 79.4 92.4 750B9O 38.7 66.4 80.5 88.1 750C0W 57.3 75.1 85.8 91.3 IPA composition 53 83.7 92.4 90.2 Roundup Ultra 49.3 72.7 89.1 90.8 Roundup UltraMax 60.3 78.8 87.9 90.8

The efficacy of the 750C0W formulation was similar to that of glyphosate standards.

Example 148

The efficacy of glyphosate potassium salt stabilizers with cationic and nonionic surfactants was evaluated. Aqueous compositions were prepared as indicated in Example 148, Table a. Glyphosate concentrations for each composition are indicated in g a.e./litre. All components were added and then shaken to a uniform formulation. Each formulation was in the form of a stable, clear and yellow solution.

• ·

9,999 • 9

177 • * 9999 9,999

999 9 9 · 9 9999

9 9 9 9 9

9

Example 148 Table a

Composition [Gly] Comp. 1 % w / v Comp. 2 % w / v Comp. 3 % w / v 774A3X 478 Target 4 C47 9 04 / 1 774B7J 478 Target 4 C47 9 04 / 1.3 774C0P 475 Target 4 C47 9 04 / 1.5 774D3Q 478 Target 4 C47 9 04/038 '/ ₂ 774E9K 481 Target 4 041 9 04 / 2.5 774F7N 481 Target 4 041 9 04 / 2.5

The composition of example 148 of the table and the comparative composition of IPA glyphosate was applied to the plants of Abutilon theophrasia, ABUTH. The results averaged over all repetitions of each treatment are shown in Example 148, Table b. The application rates Y are given in g a.e./ha.

Example 148 Table b% inhibition of ABUTH

Composition 75 g / ha 150 g / ha 225 g / ha 300 g / ha 375 g / ha 774A3X 24.2 61.7 78.3 85.8 95 66774B7J 22.5 70.8 84.2 90.8 96.3 774C0P 55.5 69.7 80 90.2 95.2 774D3Q 40 70 84.2 92.2 93.3 774E9K 29.2 70.8 88 93.3 95.3 774F7N 25.8 70 84.2 88.2 95.8 Composition 5701 1.7 25 54.2 66.7 78.8 Roundup Ultra 30.8 76 87 96.8 97

The efficacy of the 774C0P, 774D3Q and 774E9K formulations was similar to that of the Roundup standard

Ultra.

178 ·· 0000 ·· · 0 00 · 0 0 · · · 0 0 0 · · · · 000 «0 0 0

0 · 0 0 00 »0 000

00 * 00 · 00

0 ··· 00 ·· ··· · 0 0

Example 149

The efficacy of glyphosate potassium salt stabilizers with cationic and nonionic surfactants was evaluated. The glyphosate salt a in g a.e./litre for each composition and the remaining ingredients are as indicated in Example 149, Table a.

Example 149 Table a

Comp. Salt [Gly] Comp. 1 % w / v Comp. 2 % w / v Comp. 3 % w / v 033A7Y IPA 360 C27 6.4 C43 9.6 CIO ’ 1 033B3S TO 480 046 4.9 Cl10 7.4 C72 6.5 033C9P IPA 360 042 2.2 Cl10 5.9 - - 033D5V TO 473 C11 4 021 9 04 / 1 033E5G IPA 360 C46 4.9 Cl10 7.4 C72 6.5 033F8L TO 480 C21 4.9 009 7.4 C74 6.5 O33G7N TO 480 C27 3.7 C3 8.3 C72 6.5 033 A7Y also contains 1.5% THF-OH (< 044) and 1% Isoparul L, C77.

The composition of Example 149 of Table a and the comparative IPA glyphosate composition were applied to post-flood (IPOSS) plants. The results averaged for all treatments are shown in Example 149, Table b.

Example 149 Table b% inhibition of IPOSS after 14 days treatment

Composition 200 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 600 g a.e./ha 800 g a.e./ha 033A7Y 54.2 80.8 84.2 84.2 033B3S 35 65 75 80 033C9P 43.3 63.3 77.5 79.2 033D5V 35 71.7 77.5 79.2 033E5G 59.2 80 81.7 81.7 O33F8L 2.5 71.7 72.5 80 033G7N 10 58.3 70 78.3 Roundup UltraMax 41.7 70.8 76.7 80

9999 98 9

9

9999 9 999 • 9 9 9 9 99 · 9 • 9 9 9 9

9 9

179 • 999 • 9 9 9 • 9 9

9 9

9 9

9999 99

The efficacy of formulations 033 A7Y, 033C9P, O33D5V and 033E5G, containing short chain amine stabilizers, was similar to or exceeded that of the RoundupMax standard.

Example 150

The effectiveness of stabilizers of glyphosate IPA salts with cationic and nonionic surfactants was evaluated. The glyphosate salt a in g a.e./litre for each composition and the remaining ingredients are as indicated in Example 150, Table a.

Example 150 Table a

Comp. Salt [Gly] Comp. 1 % w / v Comp. 2 % w / v Comp. 3 % w / v 043A3C IPA 360 C27 6.4 C43 9.6 00 ’ 1 043B9M TO 480 C5 4.9 C110 7.4 C91 6.5 043C3D TO 480 C5 4.9 009 7.4 C91 6.5 043D1L TO 480 C46 3.7 007 5.6 05 ** 2 043E5G TO 480 C46 3.7 008 5.6 05 ** 2 043F8K TO 480 C46 3.7 009 5.6 05 ” 2 043Q1Q TO 480 C46 3.7 C110 5.6 05 ” 2

* 043A3C further contains 1.5% THF-OH (Cl 14) ** O43D1L, 043E5G, 0438FK and 043G1Q each further contains 1.5% octylamine (C91).

Example 150 table compositions and IPA glyphosate comparative compositions were applied to ABUTH and ECHCF plants. The results averaged for all repeats of each treatment are shown in Example 150 of Table bac.

Example 151

The effectiveness of stabilizers of glyphosate IPA salts with cationic and nonionic surfactants was evaluated. The glyphosate salt a in g a.e./litre for each composition and the remaining ingredients are as indicated in Example 150, Table a.

180 · * ·· 99 999 9 99 9 • 999 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 • 9 9 9 9 9 9 999 9 9999

9 9 9 9 9

9999 ·· ·· 999 99 ·

Example 151 Table a

Comp. Salt [Gly] Comp. 1 % w / v Comp. 2 % w / v Comp. 3 % w / v 044A3X IPA 360 C27 6.4 C43 9.6 CIO ’ 1 044B8J TO 480 C5 4.9 Cl10 7.4 C91 6.5 0444C5G TO 480 C5 4.9 009 7.4 C91 6.5 044D7U TO 480 C86 3.7 007 5.6 05 ” 2 044E2K TO 480 C86 3.7 008 5.6 05 ** 2 044F1Z TO 480 C86 3.7 009 5.6 05 ” 2 044G0P TO 480 C86 3.7 Cl10 5.6 05 ” 2

* 044A3C further contains 1.5% THF-OH (C114) ** 044D7U, 044E2K, 044F1Z and 044G0P each further contains 1.5% octylamine (C91).

The composition of Example 151 of the table and the comparative composition of IPA glyphosate were applied to ABUTH and ECHCF plants. The results averaged for all repeats of each treatment are shown in Example 151 of Table bac.

Example 151 table b% inhibition of ABUTH 17 days after treatment

Composition 100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 044A3X 71.7 85.8 90.8 95.5 044B8J 61.7 84.2 92.5 93.3 044C5G 65 82.5 89.2 91.7 044D7U 35 74.2 86.7 90 044E2K 46.7 78.3 86.7 90 044F1Z 60 75.8 87.5 90 044GOP 45.8 77.5 85.8 90 Roundup UltraMax 3.3 79.2 88.3 90 Comp. 725K 0 40 77.5 79.2

181 • 4 44 44 44 · 4 44 4 • 444 444 · 4 · • · 4 4 444 4 4 4 · · 4 ··· 4 44 ·· 4444 • •• 44 4 444

4444 44 44 444 44

Example 151 Table c% inhibition of ECHC 17 days after treatment

Composition 100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 044A3X 60 72 83 91 044B8J 53 63 71 76 044C5G 54 73 77 86 044D7U 48 65 71 78 044E2K 44 65 68 84 044F1Z 48 66 68 74 044G0P 42 63 78 81 Roundup UltraMax 33 67 75 83 Comp. 725K 3 38 56 58

The efficacy of all formulations was equal to or above standards for Theophrast 0.44A3X, 0.44C5G, and 0.43 GOP containing short chain amine stabilizers exceeded the efficiency of the Roundup UltraMax standard on earth grass.

Example 152

Evaluation of the compatibility of the stabilizer of the mixed active composition containing about 35.7% a.e. potassium glyphosate and about 3.1 wt. a.i. 2,4-D (assay 01813D contained about 41.9% w / w glyphosate IPA and about 3.3% a.i. 2,4-D) and said surfactant (Surf.) And stabilizer (Stab.) Components.

φφφφ

ΦΦ

φ φ φφφφ

182 • Φ ΦΦ • · φ · φ φ φ • φφφ φ φφφ • ΦΦ

Exam Surfboard wt. % Surfboard wt. % Cloud point Noc: 2 ° C 014A4T 024 9.2 C91 2.8 84 014B8J 029 9.2 C91 2.8 85 014C5V 008 9.2 C91 2.8 > 90 014D0K 023 9.2 C91 2.8 79 015E3C 009 9.2 C91 2.8 60 015F7H 030 9.2 C91 2.8 76 024G7L 031 9.2 C91 2.8 62 024H3E 024 9.2 025 4.0 69 024I2X 029 9.2 025 4.3 71 018A3D 031 982 - - 83

Example 152

Regulation (%) of Spotted Blew (IPOLA) 5 days after treatment with formulations with potassium gylphosate + 2,4-D and standard composition 3041

Exam 50 g a.e./ha 100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 014A4T 61 70 88 90 014B8J 64 75 83 86 014C5V 63 77 81 86 014D0K 60 84 87 86 015E3C 68 72 82 84 015F7H 63 73 85 85 024G7L 61 75 82 86 024H3E 64 68 77 83 024I2X 54 74 83 83 018A3D 63 75 87 83 78510 61 75 86 88

The results of all formulations tested were statistically the same.

183

Example 152

Regulation (%) of beet (XANST) 7 days after treatment with formulations with potassium gylphosate + 2,4-D and standard composition 3041

99

9 9

9 9

9999 99

9999 98 9

9 9 9 9 • 9

9 9 9 9 • 9 9 9 9

989 99 9

Exam 50 g a.e./ha 100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 014A4T 21 37 65 78 014B8J 20 May 43 66 70 014C5V 21 41 60 78 014DOK 20 May 40 61 68 015E3C 21 48 62 69 015F7H 18 34 55 74 024G7L 18 38 63 64 024H3E 15 Dec 46 55 62 024I2X 15 Dec 38 66 90 018A3D 20 May 34 61 77 78510 21 40 50 68

The result varied with respect to application rate. At 100 g / ha, the effect of the 015E3C and 024H3E formulations was excellent; at 200 g / ha, the 014A4T and 014B8J formulations had the highest efficacy; at 300 g / ha, the 024I2X formulation had the highest result.

Example 153

Evaluation of the compatibility of the stabilizer of the mixed active composition comprising glyphosate potassium (in% by weight a.e.) and 2,4-D (in% by weight a.i.) and said surfactant (Surf.) And stabilizer (Stab.)

Exam wt. % gly wt. % 2,4-D Surfboard. wt. % Staff. wt. % Point turbidity ° C 034A3C 35.7 2.9 C124 9.3 C128 2.7 58 034B5F 34.9 2.9 C129 9.2 C128 2.7 60 034C7U 32.0 2,0 C130 9.7 C128 2.6 59 028A5V 34.5 3.0 C123 8.7 C47 5.8 61 028B7J 34.7 3.3 C129 9.1 C47 6.1 58

184

9999

9

99

9

9 9 9

9

9 9 9

9999 99

999 9

9 9 9

9 9

999

Example 153

Regulation (%) XANST 7 days after treatment with formulations with potassium gylphosate + 2,4-D and standard composition 3041

Exam 50 g a.e./ha 100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 034A3C 24 34 50 50 034B5F 29 34 49 45 034CTU 27 Mar: 40 47 55 028A5V 30 35 45 45 028B7J 30 35 50 52 78510 32 35 41 45

All formulations had statistically equal potency in all application ratios.

Example 154

Evaluation of stabilizer compatibility of test specimens 762 and 542 containing 30.5% a.e. IPA glyphosate and said components. Stability was evaluated for 3 days at 50 ° C and room temperature. Table 154a gives the formulation and Table 154b gives the stabilization results.

Table 154a

Exam Comp. 1 wt. % Comp. 2 wt. % Comp. 3 wt. % Comp. 4 wt. % 762A3S 043 5 C43 4 046 4 047 2 762B9I 044 5 045 5 046 4 047 2 542A7B C28 5.4 C43 4.6 046 2 047 3

Table 154b

Exam Deň: 32 ° C TM 762A3S Stable Stable 762B9I Stable Stable 542A7B Stable Stable

• φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ

185 · * • • φ φ · · φ φ φ φ

• φ φ φ φ φ • »» »» »φ φ φ φ

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and may be modified in various ways. The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment is to be understood solely for the purpose of acquainting other practitioners with the invention, its principles, and practical application, so that other practitioners can adapt and apply the invention in its various forms to best meet practical application requirements.

Example 155

Evaluation of the stabilizer compatibility of a mixed active composition containing the potassium (K) or IPA (I) glyphosate salt (expressed in% ae) and 2,4-D (expressed in% ae), either in the form of acid (A) or IPA salt (I) and said surfactant and stabilizer components.

Exam % wt. gly % by weight 2,4- D Surfboard. % wt. Staff. % wt. 559-4V 28.7 (K) 1.6 (A) 024 9.2 - - 559-8R 28.7 (K) 1,3 mm (1) 024 9.2 - - 559-3 S 28.7 (K) 1.6 (A) 029 9.2 - - 559-7Y 28.7 (K) 1,3 © 029 9.2 - - 513E7H 31 mm (1) 2.6 (I) 024 7.5 027 1.5 891A3D 31 © 2.6 © 024 7.5 027 2.2 563-1Q 28.7 (K) 1.6 (A) 024 9.2 C93 0.5 564A8N 28.7 (K) 1.6 (A) 024 9.2 C93 1.0 564B2K 28.7 (K) 1.3 (I) 024 9.1 C93 1.0 569-2Z 28.7 (K) 1,9 © 024 7.2 C91 1, .5

The composition of Example 155 of Table a and the comparative composition Roundup ® Ultramax and RT Master ® were applied to the binder (IPOLA) and the beet (XANTS) plants. Results averaged over all repetitions of each treatment are shown in Example 155, Tables bac.

186

Example 155 Table b:% IPOLA inhibition thirteen days after treatment 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 99 9 9 9 9 • 9 9 9 9 999 9 999 9

9 9 9 9 9

9999 99 99 999 99

Exam 100 g 200 g 300 g 400 g 559-4V 52 77 80 84 559-8R 53 63 84 84 559-3S 46 70 82 80 559-7Y 52 72 81 86 513E7H 51 73 82 83 891A3D 87 84 86 82 563-1Q 54 72 83 83 564A8N 58 67 82 83 564B2K 58 75 82 84 569-2Z 66 80 82 88 Ultramax 22nd 46 54 58 Master 60 72 82 87

Example 155 Table c:% inhibition of XANST thirteen days after treatment

Exam 100 g 200 g 300 g 400 g 559-4V 31 52 74 78 559-8R 22nd 50 64 74 559-3 S 30 70 76 81 559-7Y 44 62 74 70 513E7H 30 57 68 77 891A3D 32 55 71 80 563-1Q 37 54 87 78 564A8N 36 63 70 76 564B2K 37 62 81 81 569-2Z 26 70 70 78 Ultramax 34 57 79 88 Master 43 58 71 81

187 ························ 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 ·····················

The activity of acid 2-4D and salt is similar. Dipropylene glycol did not work effectively. Oxalic acid and octylamine have minimal effect on efficacy.

Example 156

Evaluation of the compatibility of the stabilizer of the mixed active composition comprising glyphosate potassium, 2,4-D and said surfactant (Surf.) And stabilizer (Stab.) Components. See Table 156 and for formulation formulations.

Example 156 Table a

Exam % wt. a.e. gly % wt. 2,4-D Surfboard. % wt. Staff. % wt. 506A3M 40.5 0.72 029 7.25 - - 506B6D 40.6 0.71 029 7.25 - - 510A5T 41.6 0.60 024 7.60 - - 515B3O 40.5 0.60 024 7.60 - - 508A1L 40.5 0.72 029 7.60 - - 508B7U 40.5 0.72 029 7.60 - - 503B7H 40.4 0.66 024 9.10 - - 504A5J 40.4 0.65 024 9.10 - - 504B9K 40.5 0.74 029 9.10 - - 505A2C 40.5 0.72 029 9.10 - - 100B8G 32.4 1.60 024 9,20 - - 085A3F 31.9 1.60 024 9.10 - - 501A2W 32.4 1.66 029 9,20 - - 501B6H 32.4 1.82 029 9.10 - - 047B1L 32.5 3.13 024 9,20 C91 2.16 059A0I 32.5 3.13 029 9,20 C91 2.16

The composition of Example 155 of Table a and the comparative composition Roundup® Ultramax and / or standard (510S4V) containing 260 g a.e./l IPA glyphosate, 2.6 g a.e./ IPA 2-4D and 9.8 wt. The ethoxylated (6 EO) tallow amine-based surfactant is applied to the binder (IPOLA) and beet (XANTS) plants. The results averaged over all repetitions of each treatment are shown in Example 155 of Tables b, c and d.

• ·

188

Example 156 Table b:% IPOLA inhibition

Exam 100g 200 g 400 g 506A3M 30 68 75 506B6D 33 48 80 510A5T 62 59 85 510B3O 42 65 79 508A1L 35 77 80 508B7U 3 70 74 503B7H 30 52 74 504A5J 32 71 80 504B9K 26 43 73 505A2C 28 62 80 Ultramax 36 36 41 510S4V 72 85 85

Each coposition performed better than the Ultramax standard. Stabdard IPA provided higher efficiency.

Example 156 Table c:% Inhibition of IPOLA

Exam 100 g 200 g 300 g 400 g 100B8G 60 77 81 93 085A3F 60 78 79 83 501A2W 65 79 82 84 501B6H 63 83 80 91 047B1L 87 86 90 93 059A0I 72 89 88 97 510S4V 75 83 92 88

Formulations 047B1L and 059A0I showed greater overall regulation of IPOLA than the 510S4V standard.

• · · · · · · · · · · · ·

189

Example 156 Table d:% XANTS inhibition

Exam 100 g 200 g 300 g 400 g 100B8G 39 69 73 70 085A3F 42 65 83 83 501A2W 56 71 82 91 501B6H 59 65 77 84 047B1L 59 73 88 97 059A0I 71 80 88 90 510S4V 53 70 78 83

Formulations 047B1L and 059A0I, 501A2W and 501B6H showed greater overall XANTS control than the 510S4V standard.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and may be modified in various ways. The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is to be understood only to familiarize other practitioners with the invention, its principles, and its practical application, so that other practitioners can adapt and apply the invention in a variety of forms and thus best meet the requirements of practical application.

Regarding the use of the words "include" or "includes" or "comprising" in the present description (including claims below), the Applicant states that, unless otherwise indicated, these words are used on the basis and with a clear understanding that they are to be interpreted overall, rather than exclusively, and the applicant considers that these words are to be interpreted as such when interpreting the entire specification.

Claims (125)

PATENT CLAIMS An aqueous pesticidal concentration microemulsion comprising: a water-soluble pesticide dissolved in an aqueous medium, wherein the water-soluble pesticide is present at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaves of the respective plant; a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent; and a surfactant component comprising one or more surfactants present at a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability of the microemulsion such that the microemulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point of no greater than about -10 ° C, wherein the concentration the composition is optically transparent. The composition of claim 1, wherein said surfactant component comprises one or more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each containing an alkyl or aryl substituent having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and no more than ten ethylene oxide bonds in the compound, and said compound is present in an amount that increases the compatibility of said surfactant component with the herbicide and provides an optically transparent composition. 3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the crystallization temperature is no greater than about -20 ° C. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cloud point is at least 60 ° C. The composition of claim 1, wherein the surfactant component comprises one or more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each containing an alkyl or aryl substituent containing from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms in the compound and one or more or more. more ethylene oxide linkages and said compound is present in an amount that increases the compatibility of said surfactant component with the herbicide. 191 Composition according to claim 5, characterized in that said compounds are selected from the group consisting of amines or quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ···· ···· ··············· R ¹ -N R ² R ³ (5) R ² AND' R = N ⁺ -R ³ or R ⁴ (6) R ² R ¹ O_ (R ^e O) fi — R ⁵ - _N R R ³ m or R ² R ^{10 -} (R ⁶ O) h - R ⁵ - | R ⁴ R ³ A '(8) 192 wherein R ¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) XH, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _y H, wherein the sum of x and y is not greater than about 5; R ⁴ is hydrogen or methyl; R ⁶ in each n (R ⁶⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion. The composition of claim 1, wherein the pesticide is glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof. Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or trimethylsulfonium salts. The composition of claim 8, wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of a potassium salt. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is stable when stored at 50 ° C for at least 14 days. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition is stable when stored at 50 ° C for at least 28 days. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. The composition of claim 12, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 700 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 400 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. The composition of claim 14, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 225 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. 193 16. The composition of claim 1, wherein said surfactant is selected such that the composition does not exhibit any crystallization of said pesticide when stored at about -20 ° C for about 7 days. 17. The composition of claim 1, wherein said surfactant is selected such that the composition does not show any crystallization of said pesticide when stored at about -10 ° C for about 7 days. The composition of claim 9, wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of its potassium salt, is in solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of about 310 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 19. The composition of claim 18 wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of its potassium salt, is in solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of about 360 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 20. The composition of claim 19, wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of its potassium salt, is in solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of about 400 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. The composition of claim 20, wherein the concentration of said glyphosate is from about 450 to about 600 g of acid equivalent per liter of composition. The composition of claim 21, wherein the concentration of said glyphosate is from about 480 to about 600 g acid equivalent per liter of composition. 23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the concentration of said glyphosate is from about 500 to about 600 g of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 24. The composition of claim 22, wherein the concentration of said glyphosate is from about 480 to about 580 g of acid equivalent per liter of composition. • • • 194 • ··· 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the concentration of said glyphosate is from about 540 to about 600 g of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 26. The composition of claim 1, wherein the total amount of surfactant is from about 20 to about 300 grams per liter of composition. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a water-soluble herbicide selected from the group consisting of acifluorphene, acrolein, amitrol, asulam, benazoline, bentazone, bialaphos, bromacil, bromoxynil, chloramben, chloroacetic acid, clopyralide, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dalapone, dicambu, dichlorprop, difenzoquat, diquat, endothall, fenac, fenoxaprop, flamprop, flumiclorac, fluoroglycofen, flupropanate, flomesafen, fosamine, glufosinate, imazameth, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, ioxynil, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, methylarsonic acid, naptalam, nonanoic acid, paraquat, picloram, quinclorac, sulfamic acid, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA, triclopyr and their water-soluble salts. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is substantially homogeneous when stored at 50 ° C for one week. 29. The composition of claim 1, wherein said surfactant comprises at least one cationic surfactant. 30. A composition according to claim 29, wherein said surfactant comprises at least one nonionic surfactant. 31. A liquid herbicidal concentration emulsion composition comprising a continuous aqueous phase and a discontinuous oil phase, wherein the composition comprises: glyphosate, predominantly in the form of potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or trimethylsulfonium salts, in solution in said aqueous phase at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water to form an improved application composition and apply to the leaf of the respective plant; an oil phase comprising a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent; and 195 9 a surfactant in solution or a stable suspension, emulsion or dispersion in said aqueous phase and contains one or more surfactants in a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability of the emulsion so that the emulsion it has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point no higher than about -10 ° C. 32. The composition of claim 31, wherein said surfactant comprises one or more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each containing an alkyl or aryl substituent having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms. and no more than ten ethylene oxide bonds in the compound, and said compound is present in an amount that increases the compatibility of said surfactant component with the herbicide and which provides an optically transparent composition. The composition of claim 31, wherein the crystallization temperature is no greater than about -20 ° C. 34. The composition of claim 31, wherein the cloud point is at least 60 ° C. The composition of claim 31, wherein the surfactant component comprises one or more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each containing an alkyl or aryl substituent containing from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms in the compound and not more than ten ethylene oxide bonds in the compound and said compound is present in an amount that increases the compatibility of said surfactant component with the herbicide. The composition of claim 35, wherein said compounds are selected from the group consisting of amines or quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: R ¹ -N R ² R ³ (5) 196 or or R ¹ O ·· 00 0000 00 0 • 000 009 000 ·· · 0909 0 000 • 999 999 000 0009 ••• 00 9 900 • 090 99 09 099 00 · 00 0099 0 0 0 0 0 FC A " R- _N ⁺ -R ³ (6) (R ⁶ O) —r ⁵ -n ^z R ^z (7) or R ¹ O (R ^e o) r R ^z -R ⁵ —N ^ R ⁴ i ₃ R ³ A '(8) wherein R ¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl containing from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or - (CH 2 CH ² O) XH, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or - (CH 2 CH) ₂₀ O) _y H, wherein the sum of x and y is not greater than about 5; R ⁴ is hydrogen or methyl; R ⁶ in each n (R ⁶⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion. • · · • ···· 197 37. The composition of claim 31 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, or hexamethylenediamine salts. 38. The composition of claim 31, wherein said glyphosate is in solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of about 400 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent of a liter of the composition. 39. The composition of claim 31, wherein said surfactant comprises at least one cationic surfactant. 40. The composition of claim 39, wherein said surfactant comprises at least one nonionic surfactant. 41. An aqueous pesticidal concentration microemulsion composition comprising: a water-soluble pesticide in an aqueous medium, wherein the water-soluble pesticide is present at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaf of the respective plant; a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent; and a surfactant component comprising at least one cationic surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant, wherein the surfactant is present in a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability of the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization a point no greater than about -10 ° C. 42. The composition of claim 41, wherein said surfactant comprises one or more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each containing an alkyl or aryl substituent having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and no more than ten ethylene oxide bonds in the compound, and said compound is present in an amount that increases the compatibility of said surfactant component with the herbicide and provides an optically transparent composition. 198 99 ···· tt 9 ·· 9 9 9 9999 9,999 • 999,999 ·· 9 9 9 9 99,999 99 9 The composition of claim 41, wherein the composition is not greater than about -20 ° C. wherein the crystallization temperature The composition of claim 41, wherein the cloud point is at least 60 ° C. 45. The composition of claim 41, wherein the surfactant comprises one or more amine compounds or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each containing an alkyl or aryl substituent in the compound containing from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and no more more than ten ethylene oxide bonds and said compound is present in an amount that increases the compatibility of said surfactant component with the pesticide. 46. The composition of claim 45 wherein said compounds are selected from the group consisting of amines or quaternary ammonium salts having the formula: or R ¹ -N R ² R ³ (5) R ² Or R ^{@ 1} _--N ^{@ +} - _r ^@ 3, R ^{@ 4} (6) or R ² R ¹⁰ - (R ⁶ O) -R ⁵ -n 1 V (7) R ¹ O (R ⁶ O)? -R R ² -N-R ⁴ i ₃ R ³ And '(8) * 0 99 • 9 9 199 • 99 9999 99 where R ¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or aryl containing from ^{1 to} 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) X H, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _y H wherein the sum of x and y is not greater than about 5; R ⁴ is hydrogen or methyl; R ⁶ in each n (R ⁶⁰ ) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion. 47.. The composition of claim 41, wherein the herbicide is glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof. 48. The composition of claim 47 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, or trimethylsulfonium salts. 49. The composition of claim 48, wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of a potassium salt. The composition of claim 41, wherein the composition is stable when stored at 50 ° C for at least 14 days. 51. The composition of claim 50, wherein the composition is stable when stored at 50 ° C for at least 28 days. 52. The composition of claim 41, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. The composition of claim 52, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 700 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. 54. The composition of claim 53, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 400 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. 00 »0 •» 0 0 «0 0 • t 0 0 • · 0 0000 00 200 • 0 0000 • 0 · * · 000 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 00 000 0 · 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0000 • · 0 00 0 55. The composition of claim 54, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 225 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. 56. The composition of claim 41, wherein said surfactant is selected such that the composition exhibits no crystallization of said pesticide when stored at about -20 ° C for about 7 days. 57. The composition of claim 41, wherein said surfactant is selected such that the composition exhibits no crystallization of said pesticide when stored at about -10 ° C for about 7 days. . 58. The composition of claim 47, wherein said glyphosate is in solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of about 310 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 59. The composition of claim 58 wherein the concentration of said glyphosate is from about 360 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 60. The composition of claim 59, wherein the concentration of said glyphosate is from about 400 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 61. The composition of claim 41, wherein the total amount of surfactant is from about 20 to about 300 g per liter of composition. 62. The composition of claim 41, wherein the composition is substantially homogeneous when stored at 50 ° C for 1 week. 63. The composition of claim 41, wherein said surfactant comprises (a) an amino-linked alkoxylated alcohol having the general formula: • · • ··· 201 RO- (R ²⁰ ) _x -R ^J -N R ⁴ · · · · · · · · · · · · · R ^and (9) or R ⁴ _{R 10} - (R ²⁰ ) _x -R ³ -N * -R ¹⁴ A R ^s (10) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ and R ⁶ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7, -C (= NR ^U) NR ¹² R ^13, -C (= O) NR ¹² R ^13, -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ or together with R ⁵ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁵ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - (R ⁶ ) ⁿ - (R ²⁰ ) y R ⁷ , -C (= NR ¹¹ ) NR ¹² R ¹³ , - C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , -C (= S) NR ¹² R ^13, or together with R ⁴ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl, - (R ⁶ ) ⁿ - (R ²⁰ ) y R ⁷ , -C (= NR ¹¹ ) NR ¹² R ¹³ , -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , or -C (= ^: S) 1 NR ¹² R ¹³ , n is 0 or 1, x and y are independent average numbers from 1 to about 60 and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable cation; (b) hydroxylated amides having the general formula: O II 3 R - _{N -} c - _R 3 I2 (11) • 202 wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; (c) diamines having the general formula: R ¹ -X _m -NR ³ -NR ⁵ R ² R ⁴ (θ) wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹ ) _n OR ¹⁰ , R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ and R ¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 atoms carbon, m is 0 or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40 and X is -C (O) - or -SO 2 -; (d) mono- or diammonium salts having the general formula: R ⁴ NR ³ -R ⁵ -N ⁺ A * R ° (14) or RX _m —N — R ³ —N ⁺ -r ^! R ° (15) wherein R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹ ) n OR ¹⁰ , R ⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, X is -C (O) - or -SO 2 -, Z is -C (O) - and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (e) poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula: R ¹ -NR ³ R ² (16) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁴ OR ⁵ , R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (f) alkoxylated poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula: R ³ R ¹ - (OR ² ) x - (R ⁴ ) y N - R ⁵ (19) wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is in each of group X (R ² O) independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; x is an average number from 0 to about 30 and y is 0 or 1; (g) a di-poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine having the general formula: AND· R ⁴ -NR ² -N-R ⁵ I, 1, R ¹ R ³ (22) wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; 204 ........; • · · · · · ··· · i. . (H) quaternary poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine salts having the general formula: R @ ³ R @ ¹ --N @ ^- R @ ⁴ JC R ² (24) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -X m - (R ⁴⁰ ) y R ⁵ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 up to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R ⁴ in each of Y (R ⁴⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average of from 0 to about 30; (i) triamines having the general formula: (27) r 'wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁸ ) _S (R ⁷ O) n R ⁶ ; R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁷ in each n (R ⁷⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁸ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n is an average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1, and x and n are independently an integer from 1 to about 4; (j) diamines having the general formula: , _R 1 - _N - (R ® O) y R ^{2 -} NR ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ (28) ·· ···· 205 9 · · Wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ , R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C (= NR ^U) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R 7 ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ¹¹ , R ^{12 and} R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50 and y is an average number from 0 to about 60; (k) mono- or di-quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: 1 ^ ⁶ O) _y R ⁴ (30) or R ¹ -N ⁺ - (R ⁶ O) _y -R ² —N ⁺ -R ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ . (29) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ^{8 and} R ⁹ are independently hydrogen, polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ , R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30 and y is an average number from about 3 to about 60 and XT is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (1) a secondary or tertiary amine having the general formula: ^ R ² 'R ¹ _R 3 (31) 206 wherein R ¹ and R ² are hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and R ³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 hydrogen atoms; (m) monoalkylated amines having the general formula: ^ x (R ² O) _x R ³ R ¹ -R ⁴ (32) wherein R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl groups containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁵ SR ⁶ , R ² in each x (R ² O) is independently C ₂ C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group containing from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; (n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: (R ² O) x R ³ χ. R ¹ -N ⁺ - (R ² O) _y R ³ and R ⁴ (33) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² ) ² O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x and y are independently average numbers from 1 to about 40 and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (o) monoalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: R ^s Χ ^- R ¹ -J + - (R ² O) _X R ³ (34) wherein R ¹ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently C ₂ -C ₄ 00 0000 ► 0 · »0 0 0 0 207 is alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 60 and X 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (p) Quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: R ¹ -N ⁺ -R ³ R ⁴ (35) wherein R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (q) Etheramines having the general formula: R'O R ³ -R ² \ _r 4 (36) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁵ O) _X R ⁶ , R ⁵ in each x (R ⁵ -O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 50; (r) diamines having the general formula: _R i _(x) - (R ⁸⁾ n n- (R ⁶ 0) _y -R ² -NR ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ (37) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ ; R ^{2 and} R ⁸ are independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or linear or a branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is -O-, -N (R ⁶ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ⁹ ) C (O) -, 208 · 4,444 · 4 4 44 4 C (O) N (R ⁹ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO ₂ -, y is 0 or an average of from 1 to about 30, and n is independently 0 or 1, and R ⁹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; or substituted hydrocarbyl; (s) amine oxides having the general formula: O '(38) wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - (R ⁴⁰ ) XR ⁵ or -R ⁶ (OR ⁴ ) XOR ⁵ ; R ⁴ in each x (R ⁴ O) group is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene, R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 1 6 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50 and the total number of atoms in R ¹ , R ² and R ³ is at least 8; (t) alkoxylated amine oxides have the general formula: R 12 - (R ²⁰ ) _x -R ³ -N * -Ο (39) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - (R ⁶ ) n - (R ²⁰ ) _y R ⁷ ; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene of from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1 and x and y are independently an average number of from 1 to about 60 ; (u) dialkoxylated amines having the general formula: (R ² O) _x R ³ R ¹ - _N R ² O) _y R ³ (40) • · Wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, -R ⁴ SR ^5, or - (R ² O) z R ^3, R ² in each group of x (R ² O) y (R ² O) and z (R ² O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene, ^R3 is hydrogen or a linear or branched an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms, x and y and z are independently, an average number from 1 to about 40, provided that when R ¹ is alkyl, either the sum of x and y is greater than 20 or R ³ is other than hydrogen; (v) aminated alkoxylated alcohols having the following chemical structure: R ⁵ / ^R _R IX- _{(R 2) m} - _(R 3 _{O) n} - _R 4- _{(N R} ⁸⁾ q / \ _R8 (41) wherein R ^1, R ^7, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁿ⁾ s (R ³ O) v R ^10; X is -O-, -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -N (R ¹² ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹² ) -, -S-, - SO-, -SO 2 - or -N (R ⁹ ) -; R ³ in each n (R ³ O) or in (R ³ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average of from 1 to about 50; R ² and R ¹¹ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ¹² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (w) Quaternary ammonium, sulphonium and sulphoxonium salts, having a chemical structure: * (R ⁴ ) m- (R ³ O) n R ⁴ --Nh- _{r 8} or (43) 210 · 10 ·· ··· 4 · «• 4 < • 9 ···· · 4 · · A-R-R · R- _A . R'-N * - (R ² Kn- (R ³ O) '- R ⁴ - (NR' LN * - _R 'or (44) R ^s R ⁷ A · -S ⁺ - (R ² ) m- (R ³ O) _n -R ⁴ - (NR ⁶ ) -N ⁺ -R ' R ^and (45) or AND -R ⁸ R o R ^_ (R ²⁾ m (R ³ O) _n -R ⁴ - (NR ⁶⁾ q ⁺ (46) wherein R ^1, R ^7, R ^8, R ^9, R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are independently hydrogen, , hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ¹³ ) S (R ³ O) VR ¹² ; X is -O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁴ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) O-, or -S-; R ³ in each n (R ³ O) or in (R ³ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ¹² is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average of from 1 to about 50; R ² and R ¹³ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, q is • 9 211 an integer from 0 to 5; R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and each A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (x) a diamine or diammonium salt having the general formula: R ¹ - (F ⁶ O ⁶ -NR ³ -N- (R ²⁰ ) _n -R ₄ R ⁶ R® or χ · (47) R I *, 3._ki + _ _{/ D} 2 _y R ¹ - (R 20) m N ⁺ R ³ -N ⁺ - (R ² 0) n -R 4 R ° (48) wherein R ¹ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each group m (R ² O) and ⁿ (R ² O) and R ⁹ are independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or - (R ²⁰ ) p R 9, m and n are each an average number from 0 to about 50, and p is an average number from 0 to about 60; or (y) a compound of the general formula: (53) ······················ 212 9999 · · · · · · · 9 9 · 9 1 1 20 99 9 99 · 9 9 9 9 9 1 · » 9 · 1 Or (56) or R’-X · or R ° R ⁵ R ¹ R ⁷ O- (R ² O) _n R ³ (54) (55) ···· 213 ·· ···· · «·· ·· ♦ • · • · r • ···· · · r (57) or ^{R8 R6 R1} - * - (R ² O) _m -R ¹⁰ -4 R ^a -R ⁴ Ř ⁹ Ř O - (R ² O) _n R ^3, or (58) O- (R ² O) _n R ³ (59) wherein R ^1, R ⁹ and R ¹² are independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon alkyl or (R ² O) p R ^13; R ² in each group m (R ² O) n (R ² O) p (R ² O) and q (R ² O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ³ , R ⁸ , R ¹¹ , R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is - (CHúyOR ¹³ ♦ · · · 9 · · · 214 • • 909 or - (CH 2) _y O (R ² O) q R ^3; R ⁵ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or R ⁴ ; R ¹⁰ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (CH 2) _Z O (R ² O) PR ³ ; m, η, p and q are independently an average of from 1 to about 50; X is independently -O-, -N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁵ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹⁵ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO 2 -; t is 0 or 1; A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 to about 30. 64. The composition of claim 63, wherein said nonionic surfactant comprises: (a) an alkoxylated alcohol having the general formula: R ¹ - (R ² O) _x R ³ (49) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; (b) dialkoxylated alcohols having the general formula: R ^ OR ^ o ^ -O ^ OXR ¹ (50) wherein R ¹ is independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ² in each group of x (R ² O) y (R ² O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms axay are independently an average number from 1 to about 60; or (c) alkoxylated dialkylphenols having the general formula: (OR ² ) _x R ³ (51) 215 wherein R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one of R ¹ and R ⁴ is an alkyl group, R ² in each x (RO) group is independently C ^{2 -} C4 is allylene, R is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; or wherein n is the degree of polymerization or the number of glycose groups and R is a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing preferably from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms or a mixture of alkyl groups groups with average values in the range given. 65. A liquid herbicidal concentration emulsion composition having a continuous aqueous phase and a discontinuous oil phase, the composition comprising: (i) a water-soluble herbicide dissolved in said aqueous phase, wherein the water-soluble herbicide is present at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaves of the respective plant; (iii) an oil phase comprising a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent; and (iv) a surfactant component comprising at least one cationic surfactant, wherein the surfactant is present at a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable thermal stability of the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point no higher than about 0 ° C. 66. The composition of claim 65, wherein the cloud point is at least 60 ° C. 67. The composition of claim 65, wherein the herbicide is glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof. 216 68. The composition of claim 67 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, or trimethylsulfonium salts. 69. The composition of claim 68 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of a potassium salt. 70. The composition of claim 65, wherein the composition is stable when stored at 50 ° C for at least 14 days. 71. The composition of claim 65, wherein the composition is stable when stored at 50 ° C for at least 28 days. The composition of claim 65, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. 73. The composition of claim 65, wherein said surfactant is selected such that the composition exhibits no crystallization of said herbicide when stored at about 0 ° C for about 7 days. 74. The composition of claim 65, wherein said glyphosate is in solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of about 310 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 75. The composition of claim 74, wherein said glyphosate is in solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of from about 360 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 76. The composition of claim 75, wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of the potassium salt, is in solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of from about 400 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 217 77. The composition of claim 65 wherein the total amount of surfactant is from about 20 to about 300 g per liter of composition. 78. The composition of claim 65, wherein the composition is substantially homogeneous when stored at 50 ° C for 1 week. 79. The composition of claim 65, wherein said cationic surfactant comprises (a) an aminated alkoxylated alcohol having the general formula: R ^{1 -} (R ²⁰ ) _x -r ³ or (9) R ⁴ R ^{1 -} (R ²⁰ ) x R ³ -J- _R 14 _a . R ⁵ (10) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ and R ⁶ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7, -C (= NR ^u) NR ¹² R ^13, -C (= O) NR ¹² R ^13, -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ or together with R ⁵ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁵ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7, -C (= NR ⁿ⁾ NR ¹³ R ^l2 -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , -C (= S) NR ¹² R ^13, or together with R ⁴ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, 218 hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl, - (R ⁶ ) ⁿ - (R ²⁰ ) _y R ⁷ , -C (= NR 11) NR ¹² R ¹³ , -C (= O ) NR ¹² R ¹³ , or -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ , n is 0 or 1, x and y are independent average numbers from 1 to about 60 and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable cation; (b) hydroxylated amides having the general formula: O II. RNCR ³ R ² (11) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; (c) diamines having the general formula: R 1 -X _m -NR ³ -NR ⁵ I I R ² R ⁴ (13) wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹ ) n OR ¹⁰ , R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ^{4 and} R ¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms m is 0 or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40 and X is -C (O) - or -SO ₂ -; (d) mono- or diammonium salts having the general formula: R ⁴ or (14) 219 (15) wherein R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹ ) n OR ¹⁰ , R ⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ^{8 and} R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, X is -C (O) - or -SO 2 -, Z is -C (O ) - and A 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (e) poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula: R ¹ -NR ³ R ² (16) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁴ OR ⁵ , R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (f) alkoxylated poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula: R ³ ί R ¹ - (OR ² ) _x - (R ⁴ ) yNR ⁵ (19) • 0 ·· 220 wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each of x (R ²⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; x is an average number from 0 to about 30 and y is 0 or 1; (g) a di-poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine having the general formula: 'R4- _N - _{R @} 2 _N - _R 5 R ¹ R ³ (22) wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; (h) quaternary poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine salts having the general formula: R ³ _R in * - _R 4 _x R ² (24) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -X m - (R ⁴ O) _y R ⁵ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R ⁴ in each of Y (R ⁴⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average of from 0 to about 30; (i) triamines having the general formula: (26) ·· · · Wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁸ ) s (R ⁷ O) n R ⁶ ; R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁷ in each n (R ⁷⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁸ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n is an average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1, and x and n are independently an integer from 1 to about 4; (j) diamines having the general formula: R ¹ -N- (R ³⁰ ) y R ² -NR ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ (28) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ , R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C (= NR ⁿ⁾ NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50 and y is an average number from 0 to about 60; (k) mono- or di-quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: X ' R ¹ -N- (R ⁶ O) _y -R ² -N ⁺ -R ³ R ⁴ (R 30) or -N ^{R 8} R II ^x R ¹ -N ⁺ - (R ⁶ O) y R ² —N ⁺ -R ³ R ⁵ (29) Wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are independently hydrogen, polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ , R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) group and y (R ^e O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30 and y is an average number from about 3 to about 60 and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (1) a secondary or tertiary amine having the general formula: .R ² r ¹ -n: R ³ (31) wherein R ¹ and R ² are hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and R ³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 hydrogen atoms. (m) monoalkylated amines having the general formula: ^ (R ² O) _x R ³ -N (32) wherein R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl groups containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁵ SR ⁶ , R ² in each x (R ²⁰ ) is independently C ₂ -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group containing from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; (n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: I (R ² O) x ³ χ. _R 1 - (R ² O) _y R ^{3 R 4} (33) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or 223 ·· 0 ··· • 0 0 · Is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x and y are independently average numbers from 1 up to about 40 and X is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (o) monoalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: R ⁵ * _R 1 -J + - (R ² O) _x R ³ R ⁴ (34) wherein R ¹ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x ( The R ² O) group is independently a C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 60 and X is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (p) Quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: X R ¹ - _R 3 (35) wherein R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and X is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (q) Etheramines having the general formula: R ³ R ^] O • R ² —N R '(36) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁵ O) _X R ⁶ , R ⁵ in each x (R ⁵ -O) group is ····· • · · 224 ·· ···· O is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 50; (r) diamines having the general formula: _E 1 (X) - ^(R) '- N ^(R 0) y -NR ^{2 S} (37) where R ^1, R ^3, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ ; R ² and R ⁸ are independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or linear or a branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is -O-, -N (R ⁶ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O -, -OC (O) -, -N (R ⁹ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ⁹ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO 2 -, y is 0 or average a number from 1 to about 30, n and n are independently 0 or 1 and R ⁹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; (s) amine oxides having the general formula: O* R ¹ -N ⁺ -R ³ (38) wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - (R ⁴⁰ ) XR ⁵ or -R ⁶ ( OR ⁴ ) XOR ⁵ ; R ⁴ in each x (R ⁴ O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 atoms carbon, x is an average number from 1 to about 50 and the total number of atoms in R ¹ , R ² and R ³ is at least 8; (t) alkoxylated amine oxides have the general formula: R ⁴ ; r'q- (R ² O) _x -R ³ - ' R ⁵ (39) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ³ is · · · · · · · · · «« « 225 hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene of from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1 and x and y are independently an average number of from 1 to about 60 ; (u) dialkoxylated amines having the general formula: (R ² O) _x R ³ R ¹ NR ² O) y R ³ (40) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, -R ⁴ SR ⁵ or - (R ² O) ² R ³ , R ² in each group x (R ² O) y (R ² O) and z (R ² O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene, ^R3 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is a linear or a branched alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms, and x and y are independently an average number of from 1 to about 40, provided that when R ¹ is alkyl, either the sum of x and y is greater than 20 or R ³ is other than hydrogen; (v) aminated alkoxylated alcohols having the following chemical structure: R ⁵ , I. 7 _R 1 -x- (R ² ) _m - _{(R 30) n} - _R 4- (NR ₆₎ q N S \ ⁸ I (41) wherein R ^1, R ^7, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁿ⁾ _s (R ³ O) v R ¹⁰ ; X is -O-, -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -N (R ¹² ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹² ) -, -S-, - SO-, -SO 2 - or -N (R ⁹ ) -; R ³ in each n (R ³⁰ ) or (RO) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average of from 1 to about 50; R ² and R ¹¹ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ¹² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; 226 44 4 · * 4 4 4 444 * · · 4 4 4 and 4 are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (w) Quaternary ammonium, sulphonium and sulphoxonium salts, having a chemical structure: R ⁵ R ⁷ A I ' R-X- (R ²⁾ - (R _{"0) n} -R ⁴ - (NR ^8; - HF - ^R R ⁹ or (43) And 'R ^R 1 _N + _R - _{(R *) [n} - _(R 3 _{O) n} - _R 4 _R 8j ^ - l _R (44) or 10 AND' R * -S R ⁵ R ⁷ - (R) m - (RO) n R ⁴ - (NR ⁶ ) _q -N ⁺ -R ¹ (45) or O' R ° R ⁷ A ' - (R ² > m - (R ³ O) n R ⁴ - (NR ^e ) _q -N ⁺ -R ⁸ R ⁸ (46) 227 where: R ¹ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ¹³ ) S (R ³ O) VR ¹² ; X is -O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁴ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) O-, or -S-; R ³ in each n (R ³ O) or (R ³ O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ¹² is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average of from 1 to about 50; R ² and R ¹³ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, q is an integer from 0 to 5; R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and each A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (x) a diamine or diammonium salt having the general formula: R ¹ - (R ² O) m NR ³ -N (R ² O) n R ₄ R ⁶ R ⁵ (47) or R ⁸ R ^{7 x} 'II ^x R ¹ - (R ²⁰ ) mN * -R ³ -Ν '- (R ²⁰ ) n R ₄ ¹ R ⁸ R ⁵ (48) where R ¹ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each group m (R ² O) and ⁿ (R ² O) and R ⁹ are independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or - (R ²⁰ ) p R 9, m and n are each an average number from 0 to about 50, and p is an average number from 0 to about 60; or (y) a compound of the general formula: 4 « 228 * 4 4 » 4 4 4 • 4 44 44 4444 444 444 4 4 4444 4 4 or or (56) or R ⁶ O- (R ² O) R ³ (54) Or (55) or (57) or (58) or (59) wherein R ¹ , R ⁹ and R ¹² are independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or (R ²⁾ O) PR ¹³ ; R ² in each group m (R ² O) n (R ² O) p (R ² O) and q (R ² O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ³ , R ⁸ , R ¹¹ , R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is - (CH 2) _y OR ¹³ or - (CH 2) _y O (R ²⁰ ) q R ³ ; R ⁵ , R ^{6 and} R ⁷ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or R ⁴ ; R ¹⁰ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (CH 2) ² O (R ² O) p R ³ ; m, n, p and q are independently an average of from 1 to about 50; X is independently -O-, -N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁵ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹⁵ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO 2 -; t is 0 or 1; A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 to about 30. 80. The composition of claim 65, wherein said nonionic surfactant comprises: (a) an alkoxylated alcohol having the general formula: R ^ - ^ OjxR ³ (49) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each group of x (R ² O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; (b) dialkoxylated alcohols having the general formula: R ¹ (OR ² ) x O-R ³ -O- (R ² O) y R ¹ (50) wherein R ¹ is independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ² in each x group (R ²⁰ ) and y (R ²⁰ ) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms and x and y are independently an average number of from 1 to about 60; or (c) alkoxylated dialkylphenols having the general formula: wherein R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one of R ¹ and R ⁴ is an alkyl group, R ² in each x (RO) is independently C 2 -C 4 allylene, R is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; or (d) a glycoside having the formula: (61) wherein n is the degree of polymerization or the number of glycose groups and R is a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing preferably from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms or a mixture of alkyl groups having average values in said range. 81. An aqueous herbicidal concentrate composition comprising: (i) a water-soluble herbicide dissolved in an aqueous medium, wherein the water-soluble herbicide is present at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaves of the respective plant; (ii) a surfactant component comprising: at least one surfactant; and one or more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each comprising an alkyl or aryl substituent containing from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and no more than ten ethylene oxide linkages in said compound, wherein said compound is an alkyl or aryl substituent containing from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms. 232 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · the compound is present in an amount that increases the compatibility of said surfactant with the herbicide; and said surfactant is present at a concentration sufficient to provide an acceptable thermally stable composition such that the composition has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point of no greater than about 0 ° C. 82. The composition of claim 81, wherein the cloud point is at least 60 ° C. 83. The composition of claim 81, wherein said compounds are selected from the group consisting of amines or quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: or or -N. R ^z R ^; R-- _N + -R'R ¹⁰ O- (R ⁶ O) n -R ⁵ -n R / \ ³ (5) (6) (7) or R R ¹ O- (R ⁶ O) n-RM ^ R ³ R ⁴ A (8) 9 9 9 9 9999 9 999 9 999 9 999 9999 999 98 9 999 9999 99 99 999 99 233 wherein R ¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) XH, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _y H, wherein the sum of x and y is not greater than about 5; R ⁴ is hydrogen or methyl; R ⁶ in each n (R ⁶⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion. 84. The composition of claim 81 wherein the herbicide is glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof. 85. The composition of claim 84 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, or trimethylsulfonium salts. 86. The composition of claim 85 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, or hexamethylenediamine salt. 87. The composition of claim 81, wherein the surfactant component is in a stable emulsion. 88. The composition of claim 81 wherein the surfactant component is in a stable suspension. 89. The composition of claim 81, wherein the active ingredients are in a stable dispersion. 90. The composition of claim 81, wherein the active ingredients are in solution. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the component is a surfactant 91. The composition of claim 81, wherein the composition is stored at 50 ° C for at least 14 days. wherein the composition is stable 92. The composition of claim 80, wherein the composition is stable when stored at 50 ° C for at least 28 days. 234 44 4 4 93. The composition of claim 81, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. 94. The composition of claim 81, wherein said surfactant is selected such that the composition does not exhibit any crystallization of said herbicide when stored at about 0 ° C for about 7 days. 95. The composition of claim 81, wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of its potassium salt, is in solution in said environment in an amount of about 310 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 96. The composition of claim 95 wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of its potassium salt, is in solution in said medium in an amount of about 360 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 97. The composition of claim 84, wherein said glyphosate is in solution in said medium in an amount of greater than 450 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 98. The composition of claim 81, wherein the total amount of surfactant is from about 20 to about 300 grams per liter of composition. 99. The composition of claim 81, wherein the composition is substantially homogeneous when stored at 50 ° C for one week. 100. The composition of claim 81, wherein said surfactant comprises (a) an aminated alkoxylated alcohol having the general formula: or (9) • fc · · · ·· ···· fcfc • fcfcfc fcfcfc fcfcfc • fc · fcfcfcfc fcfcfc • fc fc · fcfcfc fcfcfc fcfcfcfc • fcfc fcfc fcfcfcfc wherein R ^l is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 up to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ and R ⁶ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl, - (R ⁶ ) ⁿ - (R ²⁰ ) _y R ⁷ , -C (= NR ^h ) NR ¹² R ¹³ , -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , -C (= S) NR ¹² R ^13, or together with R ⁵ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring ring; R ⁵ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7, -C (= NR ⁿ⁾ NR ¹² R ^13, -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , -C (= S) NR ¹² R ^13, or together with R ⁴ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) _y R ^7, -C (= NR ⁿ⁾ NR ¹² R ¹³ - C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , or -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ , n is 0 or 1, x and y are independent average numbers from 1 to about 60 and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable cation; (b) hydroxylated amides having the general formula: Wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; (c) diamines having the general formula: ^! r ¹ -x _m -NR ³ -NR ⁵ R ² R ⁴ 236 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. Wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl or a substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to 9; up to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹ ) n OR ¹⁰ , R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ^{8 and} R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms R ⁴ and R ¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is an average of from 0 to about 40 and X is -C (O) -or-SO 2 -; (d) mono- or diammonium salts having the general formula: í ^R4 ! R 1 -z _m -NR ³ -N ⁺ -R ⁵ A R ² i ⁶ ! (14) or wherein R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹ ) _n OR ¹⁰ , R ⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, X is -C (O) - or -SO 2 -, Z is -C (O ) - and A 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (e) poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula: R ¹ -NR ³ R ² (1θ) ·· ·· · 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 237 wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁴ OR ⁵ , R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (f) alkoxylated poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula: R ³ _R 1 - (OR ² ) x - (R ⁴ ) y NR ⁵ (19) wherein R and R are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is in each of x ( R ^{20 is} independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; x is an average number from 0 to about 30 and y is 0 or 1; (g) a di-poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine having the general formula: R ⁴ -NR ² -NR ^s R ¹ R ³ (22) wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; (h) Quaternary poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine salts having the general formula: í R ³ R ¹ -N ^{+ -} R ⁴ X R ² (24) 98 ·· 9 · 238 • 9 4 4 4 9 9 948 99 94 · 4 94,999 9,999 9 4 9 9 9 9 94 94 99 99 999 wherein R ¹ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -X m - (R ⁴⁰ ) y R ⁵ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or a substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 up to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, X is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R ⁴ in each of Y (R ⁴⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average of from 0 to about 30; (i) triamines having the general formula: (27) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁸ ) s (R ⁷ O) n R ⁶ ; R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁷ in each n (R ⁷⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁸ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n is an average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1, and x and n are independently an integer from 1 to about 4; (j) diamines having the general formula: R R ¹ -N- (R ^e O) _y -R ² -NR ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ (28) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ , R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C (= NR ^U) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ¹¹ , R ^12, and R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or φφφφ 239 • ΦΦΦ · · φ · φ · φ · φ φφφφφφφφφφφφφφφφφφφ · · · · · φ A substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x being an average number from 1 to about 50 and y being an average number from 0 to about 60; (k) mono- or di-quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: R ⁸ 'or • N- (R ^S O) _y -R ² -b R * X ’ R ^{s +} -R ³ R ^s R ⁸ (30) R ¹ -N ⁺ - (R ^e O) _y -R ² -N ^{+ -R} R ⁴ R ⁵ (29) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ^{8 and} R ⁹ are independently hydrogen, polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each group of x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ^S O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene, ^R7 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl a group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30 and y is an average number from about 3 to about 60 and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (1) a secondary or tertiary amine having the general formula: -R ² R ¹ -N R ³ (31) wherein R ¹ and R ² are hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and R ³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 hydrogen atoms; (m) monoalkylated amines having the general formula: 240 • 9 99 99 999 999 99 9 999 999 * 9 9 99 9 9,999 9,999 99,999 9,999 9,999 999 98 9999 9 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group containing from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; (n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: (R ² O) x R ³ x _R 1 - _N + - (R ² O) _y R ³ R ⁴ (33) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x and y are independently average numbers from 1 to about 40 and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion ; (o) monoalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: rs x R ¹ -N ⁺ - (R ² O) _x R ³ R ⁴ (34) wherein R ¹ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x ( The R ² O) group is independently a C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 60 and X is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (p) quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: (35) ·· 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 · 0 000 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 « 241 Wherein R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and X 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion ; (q) Etheramines having the general formula: r'o-R ² —N: R ³ R ⁴ (36) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁵ O) _X R ⁶ , R ⁵ in each x (R ⁵ -O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 50; (r) diamines having the general formula: R ¹ - (X) 2- (R ⁸ ) n -N- (R ⁶⁰ ) _y -R ² -NR ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ (37) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ ; R ² and R ⁸ are independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is -O-, -N (R ⁶ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ⁹ ) C (O) - , -C (O) N (R ⁹ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO 2 -, y is 0 or an average of from 1 to about 30, independently of 0 or 1, and R ⁹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; or substituted hydrocarbyl; (s) amine oxides having the general formula: 'O' R ¹ -J ⁺ —R ³ R ² (36) * · ···· · · ··· 242 wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - (R ⁴⁰ ) XR ⁵ or -R ⁶ (OR ⁴ ) XOR ⁵ ; R ⁴ in each x (R ⁴ O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 atoms carbon, x is an average number from 1 to about 50 and the total number of atoms in R ¹ , R ² and R ³ is at least 8; (t) alkoxylated amine oxides have the general formula: / ^R4 R ^{8 -} (R ²⁰ ) _x -R ³ -N * -O R ⁵ (39) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene of from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1 and x and y are independently an average number of from 1 to about 60 ; (u) dialkoxylated amines having the general formula: (R ² O) _x r ³ R ¹ ' ^X (R ² O) _y R ³ ' (40) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, -R ⁴ SR ⁵ or - (R ² O) _Z R ^3, R ² in each group of x (R ² O) y (R ² O) and z (R ² O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene, ^R3 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x, y and z are independently average ΦΦ ···· ·· · 243 φφφφ φφφ · φ · • «· * φφφφ · φφφ • φ φφφ φ φφφ φ φφφφ φφφφφ ΦΦΦ · • ΦΦΦ ΦΦ ΦΦ φφφ ΦΦ φ integer from 1 to about 40, with the proviso that when R ¹ is alkyl, either the sum of x and y is greater than 20 or R ³ is other than hydrogen; (v) aminated alkoxylated alcohols having the following chemical structure: Γ / _R , -X- (Fr _{) n} -rt, -R ⁴ - (NR ⁸ ), - N V (41) wherein R ¹ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ¹¹ ) S (R ³⁰ ) VR ¹⁰ ; X is -O-, -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -N (R ¹² ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹² ) -, -S-, - SO-, -SO ₂ - or -N (R ⁹ ) -; R ³ in each n (R ³ O) or in (R ³ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average of from 1 to about 50; R ² and R ¹¹ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ¹² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (w) Quaternary ammonium, sulphonium and sulphoxonium salts, having a chemical structure: R ⁷ AR-X- (R ^Z ) m- (R ³ O) _n -R ⁴ - (NR ¹ R ⁹ or (43) And 'R R ⁵ R ^{7 R} '' T (R ²⁾ m (R ³ O) n R ⁴ - (NR ⁶⁾ q fc R ¹¹ / or (44) ⁺ -R ⁸ 244 * 4444 44 4 · * 4 ···· * 4 · 4 · · »« 44 44 4 4 · · 4 4 4 4 44 44 * 4 4114 444 44 4,444 4444 44 44 444 44 -, 10 AND' R ¹ -S R ° - ^(R) m (R ³ O) n R ⁴ - (NR ⁶⁾ _q -N ⁺ -R ^s, or 0 '(45) - _S + - _(R 2 _{) m} - _(R 3 _{Q) n} - _R 4 - _{(nr 8)} - _{N +} - _R 8 (46) wherein R ¹ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ¹³ ) S (R ³ O) VR ¹² ; X is -O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁴ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) O-, or -S-; R ³ in each n (R ³ O) or (R ³ O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ¹² is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average of from 1 to about 50; R ² and R ¹³ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, q is an integer from 0 to 5; R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and each A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (x) a diamine or diammonium salt having the general formula: R ¹ - (R ^z O) m NR ³ -N- (R ² O) n R ₄ R ^b or X ‘ R ^{B R} - ^(Z R 0) m N ⁺ R ³ -N ⁺ - (R ² O) _n -R ₄ R ^D (48) (48) 245 0 0 0 00 00 0000 00 0 0000 000 000 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 00 000 0 000 0 0000 Wherein R ¹ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each group m (R ² O) and ⁿ (R ² O) and R ⁹ are independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or - (R ²⁰ ) p R ₉ , m and n are each an average number from 0 to about 50, and p is an average number from 0 to about 60; or (y) a compound of the general formula: (55) • · · A A A A or (57) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 247 Ο- (R ² O) _n R ³ (58), or Ο- (R ²⁰ ) _n R ³ (59) wherein R ¹ , R ⁹ and R ¹² are independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or (R ² O) p R ¹³ ; R ² in each group m (R ² O) n (R ² O) p (R ² O) and q (R ² O) is independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ³ , R ⁸ , R ¹¹ , R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is - (CH 2) _y OR ¹³ or - (CH 2) _y O (R ² O) q R ³ ; R ⁵ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or R ⁴ ; R ¹⁰ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or (CH 2) ² O (R ² O) PR ³ ; m, n, p and q are independently an average of from 1 to about 50; X is independently O-, -N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁵ ) C (O) -, -C ( O (N (R ¹⁵ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO ₂ -; 248 is 0 or 1; A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 to about 30. • · · · · · · ··· 101. An aqueous herbicidal concentrate composition comprising: (i) a water-soluble herbicide dissolved in an aqueous medium, wherein the water-soluble herbicide is present at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaves of the respective plant; (ii) a surfactant component comprising at least one cationic surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant, wherein the surfactant component is present at a concentration sufficient to provide an acceptable thermally stable composition such that the composition has a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point no higher than about 0 ° C. 102. The composition of claim 101, wherein the cloud point is at least 60 ° C. 103. The composition of claim 101, wherein said surfactant comprises one or more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each containing an alkyl or aryl substituent having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and no more than ten ethylene oxide bonds in the compound and said compound is present in an amount that increases the compatibility of said surfactant component with the herbicide. 104. The composition of claim 103, wherein said compounds are selected from the group consisting of amines or quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: R ² R ³ or (5) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000 0> 249 or (6) R ¹ O (R ⁶ 0) n (7) or R ² R ¹ O__ (R ⁶ O) H - R @ ⁵ and NR ^4. R ³ (8) wherein R ¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl containing from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or - (CH 2 CH ² O) XH, R ³ is hydrogen, methyl or - (CH 2 CH 2 O) ) _y H, wherein the sum of x and y is not greater than about 5; R ⁴ is hydrogen or methyl; R ⁶ in each n (R ⁶⁰ ) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A is an agriculturally acceptable anion. 105. The composition of claim 101 wherein the herbicide is glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof. 106. The composition of claim 105 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, or trimethylsulfonium salts. 107. The composition of claim 106, wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in the form of its potassium salt. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 250 · .. · ·· 108. The composition of claim 101, wherein the surfactant component is in a stable emulsion. 109. The composition of claim 101, wherein the surfactant component is in a stable suspension. 110. The composition of claim 101 wherein the surfactant component is in a stable dispersion. 111. The composition of claim 101, wherein the active ingredients are in solution. 112. The composition of claim 101, wherein the composition is stored at 50 ° C for at least 14 days 113. The composition of claim 101, wherein the composition is stored at 50 ° C for at least 28 days, wherein the component is surfactant, the composition is stable, the composition is stable. 114. The composition of claim 101, wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000 centipoise at 0 ° C and a shear rate of 45 / s. 115. The composition of claim 101, wherein said surfactant is selected such that the composition does not exhibit any crystallization of said herbicide when stored at about 0 ° C for about 7 days. 116. The composition of claim 101, wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of its potassium salt, is in solution in said environment in an amount of about 310 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 117. The composition of claim 116, wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of its potassium salt, is in solution in said medium in an amount of about 360 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. • 9 I 9 9 « 9 9 251 9 · 9 99 99 ·· 9 9 9 9 9 9 • 9 9 9 · ♦ 999> 9 99999999 9 9 * 99 99 · 99 118. The composition of claim 117, wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of its potassium salt, is in solution in said medium in an amount of about 400 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of composition. 119. The composition of claim 101, wherein the total amount of surfactant is from about 20 to about 300 grams per liter of composition. 120. The composition of claim 101, wherein the composition is substantially homogeneous when stored at 50 ° C for one week. 121. The composition of claim 101, wherein said cationic surfactant comprises (a) an animated alkoxylated alcohol having the general formula: R ⁴ , 2λ_ / _D 2n \ _r> 3_ / RO- (R0) _x -R or -U ^o R ⁴ R * O- (R ² 0) _x -R ³ -R ¹⁴ -N ⁺ R ° (8) A '(10) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ and R ⁶ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7, -C (= NR ⁿ⁾ NR ¹² R ^13, -C (= O) NR ¹² R ^13, -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ or together with R ⁵ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁵ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7, -C (= NR ⁿ⁾ NR ¹² R ¹³ - C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , -C (= S) NR ¹² R ^13, or together with R ⁴ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, • · · · · · »· 0« 0 0 »0000 0000 0 0 000 0 000 0000 hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl, - (R ⁶ ) ⁿ - (R ²⁰ ) _y R ⁷ , -C (= NR ¹¹ ) NR ¹² R ¹³ , -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ , or -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ , n is 0 or 1, x and y are independent average numbers from 1 to about 60 and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable cation; (b) hydroxylated amides having the general formula: O II 3 R ¹ -NCR ³ R ² OD wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; (c) diamines having the general formula: R ¹ -X _m -NR ³ -NR ⁵ R ² R ⁴ (13) wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹ ) n OR ¹⁰ , R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ and R ¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms m is 0 or 1, n is an average of from 0 to about 40 and X is -C (O) -or-SO 2 -; (d) mono- or diammonium salts having the general formula: R ⁴ AND R ¹ -Z _m -NR ³ -N ⁺ -R ⁵ A ' R ² R ⁶ , (Μ) j or 4 4 253 ·· «3 ·· • · ♦ · · · ♦ • 4 4 4 44 • 4 4 * 4 4 4 4 4 4 4444 * 4 4 4 4 A- f R ⁴ R1-X _m - ~ N ⁺ -R ³ - —N ⁺ - _{R is} · R ² R ⁶ (15) wherein R ¹ , R ² , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁷ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁸ (OR ⁹ ) _n OR ¹⁰ , R ⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, ^R and R ⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is an average of from 0 to about 40, X is -C (O) - or -SO 2 -, Z is -C ( O) - and A 1 is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (e) poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula: R ¹ · -NR ³ r ² (16) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁴ OR ⁵ , R ² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (f) alkoxylated poly (hydroxyalkyl) amines having the general formula: R ³ , _R 1- _(OR 2) _x - _(R ⁴ ) y NR ⁵ (19) wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is in each of group X (R ² O) independently C2-C4 alkylene; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; x is an average number from 0 to about 30 and y is 0 or 1; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 254 ♦ · · · · · · · · · 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 · 0 0 0 0 0 · (G) Di-poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine having the general formula: R ⁴ -NR ^{5 2} --NR R ¹ R ³ (22) wherein R ¹ and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl; (h) Quaternary poly (hydroxyalkyl) amine salts having the general formula: R ³ RN ⁺ -R ⁴ χR ^z (24) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or -X m - (R ⁴⁰ ) y R ⁵ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or poly (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl, X is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R ⁴ in each of Y (R ⁴⁰ ) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ⁵ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average of from 0 to about 30; (i) triamines having the general formula: (27) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁸ ) s (R ⁷ O) n R ⁶ ; R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁷ in each n (R ⁷⁰ ) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ⁸ is hydrocarbylene or substituted 9 hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n is an average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1, and x and y are independently an integer from 1 to about 4; (j) diamines having the general formula: -N255 - (R ⁶ O) y · ·· 9 9 -R ^J 9 9 9 9 9999 (28) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ^7, R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C (= NR ⁿ⁾ NR ^{12 R! 3} -, -C (= O) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= S) NR ¹² R ¹³ -, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -, R ⁶ in each group x (R ⁶ O) and y (R ⁶ O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ^u, R ¹² and R ¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50 and y is an average number from 0 to about 60; (k) mono- or di-quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: R ⁸ X R ¹ -N- (ROL -R ^Z - ~ N --R ³ R ° or (30) z - R ⁹ R ° * 1 1 ^x ' R ¹ -N + - (R®O) _y -R ² -N ⁺ R ³ (29) wherein R ^1, R ^3, R ^4, R ^5, R ⁸ and R ⁹ are independently hydrogen, polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ , R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ in each x (R ⁶ O) and y ( R ⁶ is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30 and y is an average number from about 3 to about 60 and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (1) a secondary or tertiary amine having the general formula: 256 wherein R ¹ and R ² are hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and R ³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 hydrogen atoms; (m) monoalkylated amines having the general formula: • 9 · · ·· «999 9 9 9999 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 «· 9,999,999,999 <9,999,999,999,999 9999 9999 (31) (32) wherein R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl groups containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or -R ⁵ SR ⁶ , R ² in each group x ( R ² is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group containing from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; (n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: (R ² O) x R ³ χ _{r i} * - (R ² O) _y R ³ R ⁴ (33) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x and y are independently average numbers from 1 to about 40 and X 'is agriculturally an acceptable anion; (o) monoalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: R ⁵ R ^{1 +} j - (R ² O) _x R ³ R ⁴ (34) • ··· · ♦ · 257 wherein R ¹ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) the group is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 60 and X "is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (p) Quaternary ammonium salts having the general formula: Γ ^x R ¹ -N ⁺ -R ³ (35) wherein R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 1 30 carbon atoms and X 'is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (q) Etheramines having the general formula: R ¹ -R ² - R ⁴ (36) · i wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ³ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁵ O) X R ⁶ , R ⁵ in each x (R ⁵ -O) group is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene R ⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 50; (r) diamines having the general formula: _{R 1 - (X) 2} - (R ⁸ ) n'-N- (R ⁶⁰ ) y R ² -NR ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ (37) wherein R ¹ , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ⁶ O) _X R ⁷ ; R ² and R ⁸ are independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; 258 ··· » 9 ♦ ·· Φ 9 9 9 • Φ · 9 «φφφφ · • Φ · R ⁶ in each group χ (R ⁶ 0) and y (R ^o 0) is independently C2-C4 alkylene, ^R7 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is -O-, -N (R ⁶ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ⁹ ) C (O) - , -C (O) N (R ⁹ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO 2 -, y is 0 or an average number from 1 to about 30, and n is independently 0 or 1, and R ⁹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; (s) amine oxides having the general formula: 0 ' R ¹ -N ⁺ -R ³ R ² (38) wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - (R ⁴⁰ ) XR ⁵ or -R ⁶ (OR ⁴ ) XOR ⁵ ; R ⁴ in each x (R ⁴ O) group is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 atoms carbon, x is an average number from 1 to about 50 and the total number of atoms in R ¹ , R ² and R ³ is at least 8; (t) alkoxylated amine oxides have the general formula: Z r '- (R ² O) _x -R ³ -N * -0' R ⁵ i (39) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each x (R ² O) and y (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, - ^(R6) n- (R ² O) y R ^7; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene of from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1 and x and y are independently an average number of from 1 to about 60 ; (u) dialkoxylated amines having the general formula: * » 260 «··· ·« 99 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 R ¹ - (R ² O) _x R ³ (R ² O) _y R ³ (40) wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, -R ⁴ SR ⁵ or - (R ² O) _Z R ³ , R ² in each group x (R ² O), y (R ² O) and z (R ² O) is independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl a group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x, y and z are independently an average number from 1 to about 40, provided that when R ¹ is alkyl, either the sum of x and y is greater than 20 or R ³ is other than hydrogen; (v) aminated alkoxylated alcohols having the following chemical structure: f / R ¹ -X- (R% - (R ³ O) n R ⁴ - (41) wherein R ¹ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or - (R ⁿ⁾ _s (R ³ O) v R ^10; X is -O-, -OC (O) -, -C (O) O-, -N ^(R12) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹² ) -, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 - or -N (R ⁹ ) -; R ³ in each group n (R ³ O) and in (R ³ O) it is independently C2-C4 alkylene; ^R10 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ¹⁰ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 v is an average of from 1 to about 50; R ² and R ¹¹ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms R ¹² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 d o is about 30 carbon atoms, m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= NR ¹² ) -, -C (S) -, or -C (O) ) -; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (w) Quaternary ammonium, sulphonium and sulphoxonium salts, having a chemical structure: 260 π ' ^Χ - (R ² ) m - (R ³ O) _n -R ⁴ R ° 44 · ··· · · fc 4 4 4 9 fcfcfcfc 4444 4 4 4 4 9 | 99 44 4 * · * R ⁷ Α- (NR °) -N ⁺ -R 1 or (43) And 'R R ^{s R} 1 ^-R 1 - (R ² ) m - (R ³ O) n R ⁴ - (A _R e _{) (} R ¹¹ R ⁷ q - N ⁺ -R ' R ⁹ or (44) i or R A '| R @ ¹ --S @ ⁺ R ⁵ - (R) m - (R ³⁰ ) n R ⁴ - (NR ^B ) q -, ⁺ -R ⁸ R ^M (45) O' R ' - (R) m - (R ³⁰ ) n R ⁴ - (R 1 _{) q} -n '*. q - R ' R ¹ (46) 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 · 0 9,990 009 9 099 0 0 9 0 000 00 0 261 • I 00 • 000 00 0 0 0 0 0 Wherein R ¹ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (R ¹³ ) S (R ³ O) VR ¹² ; X is -O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁴ ) C (O) -, -C (O) N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) O-, or -S-; R ³ in each n (R ³ O) or (R ³ O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene; R ¹² is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average of from 1 to about 50; R ² and R ¹³ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R ⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R ⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, -C (= N) R ¹² ) -, -C (S) - or -C (O) -; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, q is an integer from 0 to 5; R ⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and each A is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (x) a diamine or diammonium salt having the general formula: R ¹ - (R ²⁰ ) m NR ³ -N- (R ²⁰ ) nr ₄ R ⁶ R ⁵ R ⁸ R ⁷ or X ^- j | X ' R ¹ - (R ² O) m -N ⁺ R ³ -N ⁺ - (R ² O) n R ₄ R ⁶ R ⁵ (48) wherein R ¹ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ² in each group m (R ² O) and ⁿ (R ² O) and R ⁹ are independently C 2 -C 4 alkylene; R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or - (R ² O) _p R 8, m and n are each an average number from 0 to about 50, and _p is an average number from 0 to about 60; or (y) a compound of the general formula: 0 0 0 9 9 9 • · 0 9 0 0 0 9 0909 99 262 00 · * 00 0000 00 · 0 0 0 0 0 00 990 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0909 9 9 9 «or or or R ^A ' _r b R ¹ R ⁹ (53) (53) - (R ² O) _m O- (R ^of O) _n R ^J (56) R ⁶ O- (R ² O) _n R ³ (54) 00 0000 00 00 0 0 0 0 ·· 0 0000 0 000 00 00 000 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 * 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 00 Or (55) or O- (R ² O) _n R ³ (57), or R ⁸ O ⁸ O- (R ² O) _n R® (59) 264 9 «99 9949 9 9 4 4994 4 • 4 · 4 4 4 944 44 9 444 9444 49 ·· ··· · Wherein R ¹ , R ⁹ and R ¹² are independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or (R ²⁰ ) PR ¹³ ; R ² in each group m (R ² O) n (R ² O) p (R ² O) and q (R ² O) is independently _C2-C4 alkylene; ^{R3, R8, n,} R ¹³ and R ¹⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is - (CH 2) _y OR ¹³ or - (CH 2) _y O (R ²⁰ ) q R ³ ; R ⁵ , R ^{6 and} R ⁷ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or R ⁴ ; R ¹⁰ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene containing from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R ¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or - (CH ₂ ) _z O (R ² O) p R ³ ; m, n, p and q are independently an average of from 1 to about 50; X is independently -O-, -N (R ¹⁴ ) -, -C (O) -, -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -N (R ¹⁵ ) C (O) -, - C (O) N (R ¹⁵ ) -, -S-, -SO- or -SO 2 -; t is 0 or 1; A is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 to about 30. 122. The composition of claim 101, wherein said nonionic surfactant comprises: (a) an alkoxylated alcohol having the general formula: R ¹ - (R ² O) _x R ³ (49) wherein R ¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R ² in each x (R ² O) group is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; (b) dialkoxylated alcohols having the general formula: R ^ OR ^ xO ^ O- ^ OjyR ¹ (50) wherein R ¹ is independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R ² in each group of x (R ² O) y (R ² O) is independently C ₂ -C ₄ alkylene, R ³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms axay are independently an average number from 1 to about 60; or (c) alkoxylated dialkylphenols having the general formula: • · © · · 265 R ¹ · © ♦ · · · © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © (51) wherein R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one of R ¹ and R ⁴ is an alkyl group, R ² in each x group ( R ²⁰ is independently C 2 -C 4 allylene, R ³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; or (d) a glycoside having the formula: (61) wherein n is the degree of polymerization or the number of glycose groups and R is a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing preferably from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms or a mixture of alkyl groups having average values in said range. 123. A thermally stable uniform liquid herbicidal concentrate comprising: an aqueous phase comprising a water-soluble herbicide dissolved in an aqueous medium, wherein the water-soluble herbicide is present at a concentration that is biologically active when the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the leaves of the respective plant; an oil phase immediately and uniformly mixed with said aqueous phase, said oil phase comprising a substantially water-insoluble organic solvent; and a surfactant component comprising a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, wherein the surfactant component is present at a concentration, 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9999 9 9 9 99 9 266 ······················ 99 9999 9 9 9 9 9 99 · 9 9 9 9 No. 99,999 which is sufficient to maintain the stability of the concentrate between a cloud point of at least about 50 ° C and a crystallization point no higher than about -10 ° C. 124. The composition of claim 123, wherein the composition is an optically transparent, stable concentrate. 125. The composition of claim 123, wherein the concentrate is a microemulsion.